Health & Social Care KS4 Workbook

BTEC Tech Award

COMPONENT 3 (Section A)

Health and Wellbeing

Name_________________ Class___

This workbook is composed of several worksheets to underpin your knowledge for Component 3. This will be assessed at a later date through a 2 hour examination

which is worth 40% of your final grade. You may need to delete ‘___underlines___’ as these are for if you are able

to print, if not delete or type over the lines.

1

COMPONENT 3 Health and Wellbeing

IntroductionHow often does someone ask you how you are and you say, ‘fine thanks’? Have you ever really thought about what being healthy means?

You will begin this component by understanding what we mean by ‘health and well-being’.

You will also learn how it is affected by a range of factors. You will then begin to recognise indicators of possible poor health and

understand how to interpret health and lifestyle data. Finally, you will design a health and well-being improvement plan, including short and long-term targets. This will consider obstacles that individuals may

face when implementing such a plan.

At the end of this component, you will be asked to assess an individual‘s health and wellbeing based on a case study and design a health and well-being

improvement plan for that individual, under test conditions. You will also be expected to identify any difficulties the individual may face when trying to make

the changes you suggest and think of ways to overcome them.

In this component you will learn about:

A - Factors that affect health and well-being B - Interpreting health indicators C – Person-centred health and well-being improvement plans

Contents Page

2

Title Page 1Introduction 2Contents and Bibliography 3Balanced Diet 4 - 5Alcohol 6 - 7Marijuana 8 – 9Healthy Eating 10 –11City vs Country Living 12 –13Exercise 14 –15Smoking 16-17Health & Wellbeing 18-19Personal Hygiene 20Ill Health 21Genetic Inheritance 22-23Social Interactions 24-25Cultural Differences 26Exam Practice 27-28Key Terms 29Revision Board Game 30

Bibliography

Baker, B. (2017). BTEC Tech Award Health and Social Care Student Book. Pearson Education Limited. https://pearsonactivelearn.com/ebook.asp?id=NzEyMDg0fGJvb2t8MTM0fDA=

https://www.nhs.uk/live-well/alcohol-support/the-risks-of-drinking-too-much/

https://www.bridgesupport.org/blog/holistic-view-of-health-wellbeing/

https://guidingwellness.com/wellness-and-holism/what-is-holistic-health/

https://www.nationalbreastcancer.org/about-breast-cancer/celebrities

BALANCED DIET

Your task is to research a BALANCED DIET, MALNUTRITION and TYPE 2 DIABETES . At the end of your research you should be able to name the FOOD GROUPS, the main NUTRIENTS and the PURPOSE

3

of the Nutrients (how do they contribute to physical health?) You will need to complete the table below and then answer the questions at the end to show me what you have learned. You can add in your own examples to the food groups (use the blank rows), or just use the ones suggested.

Food Groups & Foods

Main Nutrients Nutrient Purpose/Benefits

Fruit and Vegetables

Vitamins and Minerals Vitamins Healthy Immune system, skin and eyes

Carrots Vitamins and Minerals such as A, K1 and B6

Vitamin – AMinerals -

Potassium

Important for growth & developmentGood for blood pressure control

Blueberries Vitamins and minerals such as K1, Vitamin C and Manganese

Vitamin C

Manganese

Antioxidant important for skin health & immunityAn essential mineral

Broccoli Carbs, Fibre and Protein, Vitamin C, K1, Folate, Manganese, Iron

Iron An essential mineral, which transports oxygen in red blood cells amongst other things

Tomatoes

Starchy Foods Carbohydrates, vitamins and Minerals

Carbohydrate Boost Energy Levels

Potatoes

Bread

Rice

Pasta

Protein (meat, fish, eggs, pulses)

Protein, fats, iron (mineral)

Protein Growth and repair of body tissues

Meat

Fish

Eggs

Lentils

4

Dairy Protein, fats, vitamins calcium (mineral

Minerals Healthy Teeth, Blood, skin and Hair

Milk

Yogurt

Cheese

Fat and Oils Fats Fats Energy, healthy cell structure, help vitamin absorption

Extra Virgin Olive Oil

Butter

You now need to complete the following statements/answer the questions. 1. A person who eats a balanced diet of food from all the food groups would

2. A person who DOES NOT have enough food may suffer from malnutrition. Explain what malnutrition is, and the effect it could have on a CHILD’s growth and development

3. A person who EATS TOO MUCH, may suffer from Obesity which can sometimes lead to Type 2 Diabetes. What are the health risks related to Type 2 Diabetes?

ALCOHOL

5

Your task is to understand how alcohol can be a risk to health. The government advice is that, regularly drinking more than 14 units of alcohol a week risks damaging your health. To understand what a unit of alcohol is, study the poster below.

The numbers in the blue circles are the units of alcohol, the

numbers on the red circles are the number of calories that

would be consumed if a person drank those units. For example, if a person were to drink a single (pub) measure of whisky, they would be consuming 1 unit of

alcohol and 55 calories.

Low-risk drinking adviceTo keep health risks from

alcohol to a low level:men and women are advised

not to drink more than 14 units a week, and

this should be spread over 3 or more days. Women who drink

more than 6 units and men more than 8 units in one

session can be said to be binge drinking.

If you're pregnant, the safest approach is not to drink

alcohol at all.

Task: Read the lifestyle information below and work out how many alcohol units Dave and Mary drink per week.

Dave has a stressful job in a call centre. After work he goes to the pub with his mates and has 1 Pint of Beer (2.3 units per pint) every day (Monday to Friday) before going home. On a Saturday night, Dave and his wife Mary, go out with friends when Dave likes to drink Whisky. Dave will often drink 6 Whiskies (1 unit each) when he’s out on a Saturday night.How many Units is Dave drinking per week? (No. of Units per Pint of Beer x 5 days ) PLUS (No. of Units per Whisky x 6 = ) Total units for Beer ( ) + Total units for Whisky ( ) =___per week

Meanwhile, Mary also works Monday to Friday in a busy pharmacy. When she gets home, she pours herself a standard glass of wine to relax whilst she’s making the dinner. On a Saturday night she treats herself to 2 glasses as she and Dave are out with their friends.How many Units is Mary drinking per week? No of Units per glass of wine x 7 =___ p/w

Who consumes more alcohol units per week? Dave or Mary? ____________________The NHS say that there is No 'safe' drinking level, but if you drink less than 14 units a week, this is considered low-risk drinking. Drinking too much can have negative effects on

6

your health and well-being – both mentally and physically.Possible Short –Term Effects Long Term Effects (drinking for 10-20

years) Talkative and relaxed Self-confidence increases Driving ability is impaired Attention span is shorter. You start dehydrating, one of the

causes of a hangover. Your reaction time is slower. May vomit (be sick) Weight gain

cancers of the mouth, throat and breast stroke heart disease liver disease brain damage damage to the nervous system negative effect on mental health addiction to alcohol

Fast forward 10 years…. You are now a doctor at your local GP practice, and Dave and Mary come to the surgery for a health check-up. They still have exactly the same lifestyle regarding alcohol, and do not think that it is a problem, although Mary tells you that she suspects Dave is suffering from depression. Explain to Dave and Mary exactly why they are at risk (from your calculations) from their alcohol consumption and some of the long term effects this could have on them.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Later in the day, Aaron (aged 24) comes in to see you because he has a deep cut on his head that may need stitches. Aaron explains that he is usually shy and quiet, but was dared to walk along a high wall on a night out with his mates after drinking 10 bottles of premium strength lager.Q1. How many units of alcohol did Aaron drink that night? (10 x ___ = ) ______ UnitsQ2. What is it called when a man drinks more than 8 units in one session? B_____ drinkingQ3. Why do you think Aaron might have taken the dare to walk along the high wall after drinking the alcohol? _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Your last patient of the day arrives for a check-up. Cassie (aged 19) is pregnant and tells you that she often goes out clubbing on a Saturday night and drinks at least 6 bottles of alcopops. You explain to Cassie that this is b_____ drinking and also that the safest approach in pregnancy is to not d______ at all. You also explain that the baby could be at risk from FASD (Foetal Alcohol Syndrome). Follow the link https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/foetal-alcohol-syndrome/ to find 3 symptoms that a baby could suffer from if a mother drinks alcohol during pregnancy.Symptom 1

Symptom 2

Symptom 3

MARIJUANA

7

Is Marijuana bad for your brain?

Watch the Ted-Ed talk on YouTube, and fill in the gaps!Then, answer the true or false questions.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nlcr1jd_Tok

In 1970 marijuana was classified as a schedule 1 drug in the U_____ S______: the strictest designation possible, meaning it was completely illegal and had no recognised medical uses. For decades, this view persisted and setback research on the drug’s mechanisms and effects. Today, marijuana’s therapeutic b________ are widely acknowledged, and some nations have legalised medical use or are moving in that direction. But a growing recognition for marijuana’s m_______ value doesn’t answer the question: Is recreational marijuana use bad for your brain?

Marijuana acts on the body’s cannabinoid system, which has receptors all over the b_____ and body. Molecules native to the body, called endocannabinoids also act on these receptors. We don’t totally understand the cannabinoid system, but it has one feature that provides a big clue to its function. Most neurotransmitters travel from one n______ to the next through a synapse to propagate a message. But endocannabinoids travel in the opposite direction. When a message passes from one neuron onto the next, the receiving neuron releases endocannabinoids. Those endocannabinoids travel backward to influence the sending neuron - essentially getting it feedback from the receiving neuron. This leaves s_________ to believe that the endocannabinoid system serves primarily to modulate other kinds of signals - amplifying some and diminishing others. Feedback from endocannabinoids slows d_____ rates of neural signalling. That doesn’t necessarily mean it slows down behaviour or perception. For example, slowing down a signal that inhibits smell could actually make smells more intense.

Marijuana contains two main active compounds tetrahydrocannabinol or THC, and cannabidiol, or CBD. THC is thought to be primarily responsible for marijuana’s psychoactive effects on b________, cognition and perception, while CBD is responsible for the non-psychoactive affects. Like endocannabinoids, THC slows down signalling by binding to cannabinoid receptors. But it binds to receptors all over this sprawling diffuse system at once, whereas endocannabinoids are released in a specific place in response to a specific stimulus.

This widespread activity coupled with the fact that the cannabinoid system indirectly affects many other systems means that each person’s particular brain chemistry, genetics and previous life experience largely determine how they experience the d___. That’s true much more so with marijuana than with other drugs that produce their effects through one or a few specific pathways. So the harmful effects, if any, vary considerably from person to p_______. And while we don’t know exactly how marijuana produces specific harmful effects, there are clear risk factors that can increase people’s likelihood of experiencing them.

The clearest risk factor is age. In people younger than 25, cannabinoid receptors are more concentrated in the white matter than in people over 25. The white m_______ is involved in communication, learning, memory and emotions. Frequent marijuana use can disrupt the development of white-matter tracts, and also affects the brain’s ability to grow new connections. This may damage long-term learning a_______ and problem-solving. For now it’s unclear how severe this damage can be, or whether it’s reversible. And even among young people, the risk is higher the younger someone is - much higher for a 15 year old than a 22 year old for instance.

8

Marijuana can also cause hallucinations or paranoid delusions. Known as marijuana-induced psychosis, these symptoms usually subside when a person stops u_______ marijuana. But in rare cases, psychosis doesn’t subside, instead unmasking a persistent psychotic disorder. A family history of psychotic d_________, like schizophrenia, is the clearest, though not the only risk factor for this effect. Marijuana induced psychosis is also more common among young a______ though it’s worth noting that psychotic disorders usually surface in this age range anyway. What’s unclear in these cases, is whether the psychotic disorder would have appeared without m____________ use - whether marijuana use triggers it early, is a catalyst for a tipping point that wouldn’t have been crossed otherwise, or whether the reaction to marijuana is nearly an indication of an underlying disorder. In all likelihood marijuana’s role varies from person to person.

At any age, as with many other drugs, the brain and body become less s_________ to marijuana after repeated uses, meaning it takes more to achieve the same effects. Fortunately, unlike many other drugs, there is no risk of fatal overdose from marijuana and even heavy use doesn’t lead to debilitating or life-threatening withdrawal symptoms if use stops. There are more subtle forms of marijuana withdrawal though, including sleep disturbances, irritability and depressed m_____, which pass within a few weeks of stopping use.

So, is marijuana bad for your brain? It depends on who you are. But while some risk factors are easy to identify, others aren’t well understood - which means there is still some possibility of experiencing negative effects, even if you don’t have any of the known risk f_______.

TRUE OR FALSE QUIZ Please Circle1. CDT is one of the two active compounds found in marijuana. True/False2. The younger you are, the more marijuana can affect you. True/False3. Marijuana is legal in Canada. True/False4. Like other drugs, you can overdose from taking too much

marijuana.True/False

5. Marijuana can be smoked legally in coffee shops in the Netherlands.

True/False

6. THC in marijuana is thought to affect behaviour and perception.

True/False

7. Marijuana has the same effect on everyone that takes it. True/False8. Frequent marijuana use can have an effect on learning and

memory.True/False

9. Marijuana can make you hallucinate (see things that aren’t really there)

True/False

10.Marijuana is legal in the UK. True/False**If you have answered these correctly, you should have 6 True and 4 False answers.

HEALTHY EATING

9

The Truth About… 9. Healthy Eating (BBCiplayer)

https://www.bbc.co.uk/iplayer/episode/b07dxmyk/the-truth-about-9-healthy-eating

Task: Watch the programme and complete the answers. Then, answer the true or false questions at the end, to check your learning!

SUPERFOODS

Some foods are so healthy for us they have been given their own status and are known as S _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _. However, scientists say that the superfood label is a good marketing tool but may not offer any more benefits than everyday cheaper products.

Complete the Table to show which everyday foods can be cheaper in price and nutritionally equivalent to the “Superfoods” discussed.

Superfood Everyday Food EquivalentGoji Berries (A good source of vitamin C) SChia Seeds (A good source of Omega 3) P orCoconut Oil R orKale C orQuinoa P B or R£36 was the price paid for all of these £ was the price paid for all of these

BREAKFAST

Breakfast is something that some people can’t start the day without and other people can’t face too early in the morning. But which of the 3 breakfasts listed below will keep us feeling fuller for longer? 

(1) Weetabix? (2) Fresh Fruit and Yogurt? or (3) Grilled Bacon and Boiled egg?The answer was (3) Grilled Bacon and Boiled egg. Are you surprised? Individuals who ate this for breakfast not only felt fuller after four hours but at lunchtime they also ate less than the individuals who ate the other breakfasts. What nutrient was it that helped to keep them fuller for longer? P_ _ _ _ _ _.

COOKING METHODS

Frying eggs can be a healthier way of cooking them because the eggs don’t ab _ _ _ _ the fat, as opposed to scrambling eggs in butter and milk as you could be doubling the f _ _ content.

Out of the four ways of cooking broccoli which one is the best?  Rank them, best to worst e.g. if you think boiling is best, rank it No. 1. ( ) Boil ( ) Steam ( ) Stir-fry ( ) Microwave

Why is boiling not a good way to cook broccoli? 

Because Vitamin _ dissolves in w _ _ _ _ _ and is damaged by h _ _ _. 

10

ANTIOXIDANTS

Free radicals are found in our bodies and may cause us harm e.g. give us cancer and other diseases, and also age our skin. Anti _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ may protect our cells against free radicals and are found in the fruit and veg we eat as part of a balanced diet.

Which fruit did they test on that are high in antioxidants? B _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

The research shows that our own bodies keep our antioxidant l _ v _ _ _ at just where they should be and get rid of any excess, therefore trying to consume more is pointless.

MULTIVITAMINS

The research trial in the programme showed that after Fiona took multivitamins her results were more or less the same as they were before taking the vitamins. Multivitamin trials have not shown any clear benefits in preventing heart disease, cancer or other chronic illnesses and for some people taking multivitamins has actually been shown to do more h _ _ _ than g _ _ _. (However, some people do need to take vitamin supplements such as women who are advised to take folic acid (B12) before and during pregnancy)

HYDRATION

We know that to be healthy we need to keep our bodies hydrated. It is often recommended that we drink six to eight glasses of water every day. But does it really have to be water or will other drinks hydrate us just as well?

Out of the four drinks which one is the best?  Rank them, best to worst e.g. if you think water is best, rank it No. 1. ( ) Coffee ( ) Orange Juice ( ) Milk ( ) Water

M _ _ _ was found to be the best for helping to keep hydrated because of the protein in it which slows the delivery of water to the circulation. It also has high sodium and potassium content which helps to hold the water in your body.

Research suggests the fat in milk does us no h _ _ _ and might actually be g _ _ _ for us. It also contains carb _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _, protein, vit _ _ _ _ B12 and iodine which are all important for growth and dev_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

Conclusion: A healthy balanced diet is all most people need for optimum health

TRUE OR FALSE QUIZ Delete incorrect answer

11. Superfoods are better for us than normal everyday foods True/False12. Glucose gives our bodies energy True/False13. The best breakfast you can eat are cereals e.g. Weetabix True/False14. Scrambled eggs with butter have less fat than fried eggs True/False15. Products that claim to boost your antioxidant level are a waste of

money True/False

16. Boiling vegetables is the worst way to cook them to retain vitamins True/False17. Research suggests everyone should take multivitamins True/False18. It is better to drink Skimmed milk rather than Whole milk True/False19. Soya and almond milk contain the same amount of iodine as cow’s

milk True/False

20. Protein keeps us feeling fuller for longer and hydrated for longer True/False*

11

*If you have answered these correctly, you should have 4 True and 6 False answers.

CITY vs COUNTRY LIVING

Task: Watch the short YouTube clip and complete the table with the differences observed by the YouTuber. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KoAs1UsmHyc

Differences City Countryside1 Pace of Life

2 Shops

3 Public Transport

4 Housing/Access to Nature

5 Pollution levels

6 Fashion

7 Ethnicity/Diversity

8 Food Availability

9 Communication and Interactions

10 Noise Levels

Physical, Intellectual, Emotional, Social & Financial Effects on Wellbeing

TASK: For each of the differences in the table above, suggest some of the effects this might have on a person, considering PIES and/or Financial effects on a person’s wellbeing. You may not be able to think of something for all of the differences, but try and complete at least 3 examples on the next page.

Here is an example of how you could write your sentences: -

3. Public Transport – in the city this is readily available at all times of the day and night which means that people can get around quickly and easily for work or school (intellectual) or for social purposes. This could also have a positive effect on their emotional and financial wellbeing as most people and places are easy to reach and they can get around economically.

12

However, in the country people who don’t drive may have difficulty going out to work or school (intellectual) or socialising due to lack of public transport. This could have a negative effect on their emotional and financial wellbeing as some places may not be easily accessible and they have to worry about the expense of owning and running a car or asking for lifts.

City vs Country Living

Physical, Intellectual, Emotional, Social & Financial Effects on Wellbeing

……………..………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………..………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………..………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

13

……………..……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

EXERCISETASK1: Watch the YouTube Clip and Complete the ’10 Benefits of Exercise on the Brain and Body’ (there are more benefits then these 10, but these are a good start to know!)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yTL_bNvXJ9s

10 Benefits of Physical Exercise1. B_______ the M________2. I__________ C_________________3. I___________ M____________ H________4. S___________ C_____________ D_________5. P________ F_______ and W_________ L____

14

6. P_________ of the B____ against A_____ R_______ D______7. I________ H_______ and L_____ H________8. I_____________ L_____ M_____ and S__________9. I__________ C__________________ L__________10. P____________ and M_______________ of D___________

Exercise (gap-fill from P136-137 Pearson Health & Social Care Student book) TASK 2: Use the WORD BANK to help fill the gaps (Be careful - there are quite a few words beginning with ‘S’!)

We need to exercise to ensure we maintain our health and well-being. Exercise is a lifestyle f___________ that can bring many benefits.

Benefits of Exercise

Exercise improves our strength, s__________ and suppleness, as well as muscle and body tone. It helps us to: concentrate; relieve stress; relax and feel good; gain personal satisfaction and s___________ with others (for example, whilst playing rugby or at a running club).

Getting enough exercise is essential and can help p_________ heart disease and stroke - two of the UK’s top five killers. Doing at least 2.5 hours of moderate physical activity a week, in 30 minute sessions, improves h_______. Any type of exercise - for example, using the stairs instead of using a lift - helps your heart to be healthier. Moderate exercise causes your heart to beat faster, increases your breathing rate and makes you s______. It can also lower your blood p_________ and cholesterol level.

Some SMART devices (e.g. watches) can help you to m______ your exercise. They do this by keeping track of, for example, your steps and the speed at which you walk or run. This means you can check your activity level each day or week. KEY TERM: Monitor - To check progress over a period of t_____.

Taking exercise

There are different ways of taking exercise. o Going for a walk or a jog is free and you do not have to c_______ to set times. o Joining a g____ or taking a class such as boxercise will cost money. However, some might say

that paying for an exercise class makes you more likely to commit to exercise. o Swimming and cycling are excellent h_______ aerobic activities. o Joining a team (for example, football or netball) may provide a s_____ side in addition

to the exercise.

Some people are happier to take their exercise alone. For others, it is an opportunity to meet new p or pair up with a friend. Remember, whatever exercise you take part in, your brain will release hormones called endorphins, which provide a feeling of well-being.

Even those with limited m__________ can take exercise. For example, residents in care homes are frequently offered gentle standing or armchair exercise. Armchair activities can help people with conditions such as o________________, arthritis and high blood pressure to exercise without putting any strain on their knees or hips.

Not taking exercise - Lack of exercise can lead to conditions such as:

o Stiffening of the Joints o O_________o Poor Stamina, strength & s______________ o Strokeo Poorly developed h______ and skeletal muscles o Osteoporosis

15

o Coronary heart disease o Sluggish blood flow

Anyone of these conditions means that health and well-being will s______r.

WORD BANKhealth obesity suffer heart socialise

osteoporosis prevent mobility factor peoplestamina holistic sweat suppleness gymcommit monitor social time pressure

SMOKING

How do Cigarettes affect the body?

Watch the Ted-Ed talk on YouTube, and answer the questions.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y18Vz51Nkos&t=91s

1. How many chemical substances are brought into the body with each inhalation?

2. What is the black resinous material which coats the teeth and gums, damaging tooth enamel and eventually causing decay?

3. Overtime smoke damages nerve endings in the nose. What does this cause a loss of?

4.Smoke increases the likelihood of infections as well as chronic diseases like…. B____________ and E_________________ (tricky spellings here!)

5. What are the tiny hair like structures which are damaged by smoke called?

6. Inhaling which toxic gas through smoking can lead to oxygen deprivation and shortness of breath?

7. How many seconds does it take for the bloodstream to carry a stimulant called nicotine to the brain?

8. When nicotine reaches the brain it triggers the release of d__________ and other neurotransmitters including e_____________ that create the pleasurable sensations which makes smoking h_________ a__________.

9. Nicotine and other chemicals from cigarettes damage blood vessels and increase the likelihood of blood clots forming. What can these trigger? H_____ A________ and S________.

10.What can form in the body as a result of the chemicals in cigarettes triggering dangerous mutations in DNA?

11.Which ingredient in cigarettes (and a popular poison in Victorian England) may disrupt the process of DNA repair, compromising the body’s ability to

16

fight many cancers?

12.How many cancer deaths in the United States are caused by smoking?

13.As well as smoking causing cancer in multiple tissues and organs, it can also damage… e___________ and b______.

14. What can smoking make it harder for women to do?__________________

Benefits of Quitting Smoking – Task: Complete the Table

Length of Time from last cigarette

Benefits of Quitting Smoking to Individual

20 Minutes

12 hours

1 day

2 days

1 month

9 months

1 Year

5 Years

10 Years

15 Years

How easy is it to quit smoking? Task: Fill in the Gaps

It is not easy. Quitting can lead to a___________ and d_________________ resulting from nicotine withdrawal. Unfortunately such effects are usually temporary.

Name some of the nicotine replacement therapy ‘tools’ which are available to help smokers stop? (these work by stimulating nicotine receptors in the brain and help prevent withdrawal symptoms without the addition of other harmful chemicals).

1. 2. 3. 4.

What other methods can help smokers stay cigarette free?

1. 2. 3. 4.

Y

STRETCH ACTIVITY - EXAM TYPE QUESTION:

Explain why smoking could have a negative effect on an individual’s health and well-being.

17

Make a point……………………………………………..………………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….(1 mark)

and give a reason …………………………………………………………….……………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………………….……………………………… (1 mark)

HEALTH & WELLBEING

TASK: Read the information then answer the questions on the next page.

What is Health and Wellbeing?

Is it just about not being ill, eating your 5 a day and feeling happy? No. It is a lot more complex than that. A persons health and wellbeing can be affected by many things including most of those on the signpost to the right

When we look at a person’s health and wellbeing, it means we look at ‘all of them’ as a ‘bigger picture’. We ask questions such as; Are they under too much stress? Are they getting the right nutrition or enough exercise? What are their relationships like? Are they fit and well? Are they happy at school, work or home?

Looking at the ‘bigger picture’ of a person’s whole life like this is called taking a ‘Holistic approach’. Rather than focusing on illness or specific parts of the body, this considers the whole person and how they interact with their environment e.g. the place that they live, their community, home life and school/work. It highlights the connection of mind, body and spirit.

In Health & Social Care, we simplify the signpost above into 4 elements…Physical, Intellectual, Emotional and Social (you may remember these from Component 1)We should try and have our needs met in each of the 4 elements to enable us to achieve good health & wellbeing. If one element is not met, it can affect the others.

For example:- Statistics indicate that people who suffer with chronic illnesses such as type 2

diabetes and cancer are twice as likely to suffer with depression or mental health as people without these illnesses.

People who suffer with their mental health are also twice as likely to smoke as those who don’t, and are also at double the risk of having a heart attack.

Here are some examples of how needs might be met in the 4 elements:-

Physical – e.g. food, exercise, rest, personal hygiene, shelter, warmth, clothing, water.Intellectual – e.g. access to education and training at school/work. English & Maths skills.Emotional – e.g. being loved, respected and feeling secure. Feeling happy and contented.

18

Social – e.g. enjoying relationships with others such as with friends and family.

As people age, their needs change and are met differently. For example, a child may enjoying running around and being busy for many hours of the day and sleep for 12 hours at night. Whereas, an individual in their 80’s may not be able or want to run around or be bus all day and may need to rest more and perhaps nap in the day, but may only sleep for 6 hours at night. Both examples may be having their physical needs met but in different ways.

TASK: Answer the questions below from the information on the previous page.

In your own words, explain what Health and Wellbeing is…………………………………….…………………………………………………..…………………………………………………..…………………………………………………..…………………………………………………..…………………………………………………..…………………………………………………..…………………………………………………..

What is the word that describes how we take into consideration a person’s whole life when discussing Health and Wellbeing?……………………………………………………

(Fill in the missing words) In Health & Social Care, Health & Wellbeing is simplified into 4 elements where it is preferable that we have all of our needs met. These are:-P………….................I……………………….E………………………S………………………

If our needs are not met in one of the elements it can affect the others. For example, if a child is ill and cannot attend school, it not only affects them physically (because they are ill), but may affect them socially (because they cannot see their friends) and intellectually (because they are missing out on their school work) and also emotionally (as they may feel sad about the whole situation).

Looking again at the statistics, identify 2 of the 4 elements that are affected by the situation.

Statistics indicate that people who suffer with chronic illnesses such as type 2 diabetes and cancer are twice as likely to suffer with depression or mental health as people without these illnesses

The elements affected here are…………….………and …………….………..

People who suffer with their mental health are also twice as likely to smoke as those who don’t, and are also at double the risk of having a heart attack.

The elements affected here are…………….………and …………….………..

Finally, think about your own life and give examples of how some of your needs might be met in the 4 elements:- e.g. for physical you might enjoy cycling or swimming

19

Physical -

Intellectual -

Emotional -

Social -

PERSONAL HYGIENE

Personal hygiene is very important, not only to keep us smelling sweet, but to prevent the growth of harmful bacteria on our own bodies and to help prevent passing it on to others. This is particularly important for those who work in Health & Social Care, and is often referred to as

infection control. Infection control has been critical during the COVID-19 pandemic to help prevent the spread of the disease.

TASK: Identify what personal hygiene measure is being taken and explain why it helps prevent against bacteria and/or infections.

Hair should be washed frequently to keep it clean and long hair tied back off the face

to help stop bacteria spreading.

20

Ill HEALTH

Ill health is a physical and lifestyle factor that can have positive and/or negative effects on health and well-being. Ill-health can also be acute, chronic or sometimes both.

ACUTE ILLNESS comes on quickly and can be cured. They are usually SHORT-TERM and last less than six months, e.g. flu, cold, indigestion etc.

CHRONIC ILLNESS comes on gradually, and generally can be treated but not cured. These are usually LONG-TERM and last six months or more e.g. asthma, epilepsy, Type 1 Diabetes etc.

TASK: Do some internet research to find out which illnesses are ACUTE and which are CHRONIC, then, around the people, list some of the illnesses a person might have throughout their lifetime and state whether they would be acute or chronic.

21

Arthritis - Chronic

GENETIC INHERITANCE

We all inherit traits through our genes from our parents; things such as fingerprint patterns, height, eye colour, body shape and skin colour. You may have noticed some of these things in

your own family. However, sometimes a person suffers from ill health because they have inherited a condition that is passed on via genes. In simple terms this means that a child

inherits a faulty gene from either one or both of their parents – who may not even know they are carriers of this faulty gene. Some conditions that can be inherited include: - Huntingdon’s

disease, Haemophilia and Cystic Fibrosis (CF).

Follow this link to find out more about inherited diseases: - https://www.medicinenet.com/genetic_disease/article.htm

22

Chickenpox - Acute

Cystic Fibrosis is a condition that affects about 11,000 people currently in the UK. Task: find out more about What is cystic fibrosis, exactly? Either use the link https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4IGz5p4n8Fg or type in the words in bold (above) to watch the short clip hosted by Charles Michael Duke, who at the time of recording was waiting for a double lung transplant. If you want to know more about Charles after you have watched this, he has his own website and also has a blog where you can read about his transplant.https://www.charlesmichaelduke.com/my-transplant-diary

Task: Answer the Questions

Approximately, how many people in the UK have CF?How many people in the UK die from CF each week?How many babies in the UK are born with CF each week?Is there a cure for Cystic Fibrosis?How is the mucus in people with CF different?Which 2 parts of the body does it affect the most?What are some of the Symptoms of CF?

What are some of the treatments given to fight lung infections?

What is the current life expectancy of someone with CF?Can someone with CF live a full and happy life?

GENETIC INHERITANCE continued…

Any inherited condition affects health and wellbeing, here are some of the effects of Cystic Fibrosis on their Health and Wellbeing:Physical Intellectual Emotional Social+ Chest Infections+ Damaged Lungs+ Blocked digestive system+ Joint, bone and liver problems

+ Time missed from school or work through illness and treatment

+ Can cause distress+ Low self esteem+ Can make an individual feel different from their peers

+ May prevent a person joining in activities with others+ May lead to social isolation

23

Sometimes people can have a predisposition to suffering from a condition because of genetic factors, environmental factors or a combination of both. Some of these conditions are: heart disease, high blood pressure, Alzheimer's disease, arthritis, diabetes, cancer, and obesity. For example, different genes that can make someone more liable to having breast cancer have been found on chromosomes 6, 11, 13, 14, 15, 17, and 22. An environmental factor that may contribute to developing breast cancer would be smoking.

Case Study: Angelina Jolie https://www.nationalbreastcancer.org/about-breast-cancer/celebritiesAngelina Jolie knew she had a significant family history of breast cancer, and chose to undergo genetic testing. She tested positive for a BRCA1 mutation, and had a double mastectomy (breast removal surgery) while in her thirties, even though she didn’t have breast cancer in either breast.

She decided to have the surgery in 2013 as a preventative measure. It reduced her risk of developing breast cancer from an estimated 87% down to approximately 5%.

Though some may consider preventative surgery extreme, it is an option for women who test positive for BRCA gene mutations and therefore have a much higher risk of developing breast cancer.

“It is not easy to make these decisions. But it is possible to take control and tackle head-on any health issue. You can seek advice, learn about the options and make choices that are right for you. Knowledge is power.” – Angelina Jolie

Question: Do you think Charles Michael Duke and Angelina Jolie are good representatives of individuals overcoming their genetically inherited conditions? Yes/No Explain why....................…………………………..……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….………...……………………..

SOCIAL INTERACTIONS

Having good social interactions is necessary for good health and wellbeing. Watch the YouTube clip – “Social Well Being - Importance Of Social Connections” and describe what

each screenshot is explaining https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RijQpsWEdrE

24

People often miss good social connections They have made when they move house, change jobs or retire.

25

Task: Identify the people who you socially interact with, and very importantly SUPPORT you E.g. my best friend Lucy who always tries to cheer me up when I’m sad at school

CULTURAL DIFFERENCES

26

It is very important in Health and Social Care to understand that people have different values, backgrounds and beliefs. Everyone has different cultural differences and traditions, even

people who live next door to each other e.g. your neighbour may have religious beliefs whereas you don’t (or vice versa). All of the words below represent this word ‘culture’.

Task: Match the Culture to the descriptions (use the word bank below to help you)

Description CultureFlamenco dancing is essential to this country’s traditions and cultureIt is considered normal for men to hold hands in friendship hereDouble kisses are planted on each other’s cheeks in greetingFamilies share a special meal on a Friday night to celebrate ShabbatIt is not acceptable for women to say hello to men on the streetThis culture is known for men wearing kilts and producing whiskyPork and alcohol are forbidden in this religionMaking eye contact during a conversation is not recommendedMale voice choirs are a tradition and it also has a dragon symbolFor most, vegetarianism is a way of life

Word Bank

Welsh Jewish Spanish Middle Eastern French IslamicBuddhism Egypt Scottish Japanese

Stretch Activity: What beliefs, traditions or values do YOU think describe British Culture? (Are there negative ones as well as positive ones?) e.g. fish & chips

EXAM PRACTICE

27

Read the scenario about Rachel, then USE THE INFORMATION IN THE SCENARIO to help you answer the questions.

Each question is worth 2 marks… Try and make a Point, and then give an example e.g. Rachel finds it difficult to socialise with her peers (1) because she speaks very little English (1)

Family, friends and Social Interactions:Rachel is from Poland and lives with her Gran. Her parents are still living in Poland. There is no other family living nearby, but there are other young people, from Poland who live in the town. Rachel’s Gran takes her to see the doctor (GP) and dentist regularly and she also sees the school nurse. Rachel is finding it difficult to learn English.Location: Rachel is 13 years old and lives in a flat in the middle of a busy UK High Street. Medical history: Rachel has had a poor diet for the last four years. As a result, her growth and weight have been affected. She often feels tired and lacks energy.Day-to-day Life: Rachel has a bus pass and uses this to travel to and from her School every day. Rachel used to play netball in Poland, but she is finding it difficult to make new friends in her new school or neighbourhood. After school she prefers to stay inside the flat with her Gran and Snapchat her old friends back in Poland. Rachel’s Gran goes to bed early and doesn’t realise how late Rachel is staying up at night and has difficulty waking her up in the mornings for school.

Q: Explain one social factor that could have a positive effect on Rachel’s health and well-being Clue: who does (or could) Rachel socialise with? And what BENEFIT would she get from that?

Answer: Rachel can socialise with…………....……………………………………………….……… (1 mark)

The benefit to Rachel would be that she……….……………………………………….....………..…

………………………………………………………………………………….………… (1 mark)

Q: Explain one cultural factor that could have a positive effect on Rachel’s health and well-being Clue: who does Rachel share her culture (her background, customs etc.) with? And what BENEFIT would she get from that?

Answer: Rachel shares her culture with………..…………………………………….……… (1 mark)

The benefit to Rachel would be that she……….……………………………………….....………..…

………………………………………………………………………………….………… (1 mark)

28

Q: Explain one lifestyle (think diet & exercise) factor that could have a negative effect on Rachel’s health and well-being.

Answer: (make a point)…………………………..…………………………………….……… (1 mark)

And give a reason………………………..……….……………………………………….....………..…

………………………………………………………………………………….………… (1 mark)

Q: Explain one environmental factor (think pollution/house location) that could have a negative effect on Rachel’s health and well-being.

Answer: (make a point)…………………………..…………………………………….……… (1 mark)

And give a reason………………………..……….……………………………………….....………..…

………………………………………………………………………………….………… (1 mark)

Q: Explain one negative effect moving away from Poland has had on Rachel’s emotional well-being.

Answer: (make a point)…………………………..…………………………………….……… (1 mark)

And give a reason………………………..……….……………………………………….....………..…

………………………………………………………………………………….………… (1 mark)

Q: Explain one impact of living in a new country on Rachel’s Social well-being (this could be positive or negative)

Answer: (make a point)…………………………..…………………………………….……… (1 mark)

And give a reason………………………..……….……………………………………….....………..…

………………………………………………………………………………….………… (1 mark)

Total marks /12

What I did well…

What I could have done better…

29

How I can improve my answers…

KEY TERMS

Task: Research the meanings of these words and enter them into the table.

Key Term Definition

Balanced Diet

Malnutrition

Type 2 Diabetes

Nutrients

Obesity

Alcohol Units

Marijuana

Osteoporosis

Health

Wellbeing

Hygiene

Acute (illness)

Chronic (illness)

Genes

Inheritance

Social

30

Cultural

Values

31

32

H&SC Component 3 Snakes and Ladders Revision Board Game