1.5 - Proteins

Learning Goals

· Determine how proteins are made and the importance of amino acids

· Memorize the major functions of proteins

· Know the four basic types of protein structure

· Understand the link between protein shape and function

A. Overview

· Proteins are ___________________________________________ of molecules in living systems

· There are _____________________________________________ within your body

· Carry out ____________________________________________________________________________

· _________________________________________________________________ etc. all contain protein

· Proteins are ______________________________

· Made up of _____________________________ attached linearly

· Has a distinct ____________________________________________ as it folds in upon itself

B. Form

· Proteins are a polymer of amino acid monomers

Amino Acids

· Monomer

· consists of a:

1.

2.

3.

· building blocks of proteins.

· There are 20 different types of R Groups and thus 20 different types of amino acids

Essential vs. Non-Essential Amino Acids

______________________________________________ – amino acids that need to be acquired through diet (8 amino acids)

Valine, Leucine, Isoleucine, Phenylalanine, Tryptophan, Methionine, Threonine, and Lysine

______________________________________________ – amino acids that can be made in the body (12 amino acids)

Amino Acids

· Differences in the _________________________ gives each amino acid different __________________

· R Groups may be __________________________________________________________ or may act as _____________________________

Building Proteins

· Proteins are built by attaching _________________ __________________________________________

· Amino acids are connected by attaching a __________________________ to a __________________________ via ____________________________________

· The resulting bond is called a ___________________________________

________________________ - a term used to describe a chain of amino acids

________________________ – a peptide with more than 50 amino acids

Proteins have four levels of structure:

Protein Structure

Primary Structure - __________________________________________________________

Changing even ONE amino acid in the chain can alter/destroy the final structure/function of the protein!

__________________________________________________

Secondary Structure - _________________________________

______________________________________

· (Beta Pleated Sheets zig-zag like patternAlpha Helix spiral pattern)Occurs because of ________________________

between different amino acids

Tertiary Structure - ________________________ ________________________________________ ________________________________________

Quaternary Structure - ______________________ _________________________________________ _________________________________________

C. Function

· The shape of a protein __________________________________________

· Proteins often only function in a specific set _________________________________________________

· Changes in ______________________________ can alter the ______________________________________ causing them to no longer ____________________

____________________________________– the loss of both the structure and therefore function of a protein

Protein Prosthetic Groups

· Proteins can also bond with ____________________________________________________

· ___________________ carries______________ with the help of four Heme Groups which contain Iron

Type of Protein

Function

Example(s)