Web Programming Unit-IV

8/6/2019 Web Programming Unit-IV

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http://www.saif4u.webs.com

B.COM COMPUTER III YEAR - NOTES

WEB PROGRAMMING

INDEX UNIT - IV

S.no: Title Page no:

1. Active Server Pages (ASP) Introduction 02 - 03

2. Scripting Languages and Script Engines 03 - 03

3.

i.ii.iii.

iv.v.

vi .vii.

viii.ix.

x.xi.xii.

xiii.

ASP Objects

ASP ResponseASP RequestASP Application

ASP SessionASP Server

ASP ErrorASP F ileSystem

ASP TextStreamASP Drive

ASP FileASP Folder

ASP DictionaryASP ADO

04 - 13

04 - 0505 - 0707 - 07

07 - 0707 - 08

08 - 0909 - 09

09 - 1010 10

11 - 1111 - 12

12 - 1213 - 13

4. ASP Application 14 - 16

6. Conclusion 16 - 16


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Active Server P ages (ASP) Introduction

Active Server Pages (ASP), also known as Classic ASPor ASP Classic,

was Microsoft's firstserver-sidescript-engine for dynamically-generated web pages.

Initially released as an add-on toInternet Information Services (IIS) via the Windows NT

4.0 Option Pack (ca 1998), it was subsequently included as a free component of

Windows Server (since the initial release ofWindows 2000 Server). ASP.NET has

superseded ASP.

ASP 2.0 provided six built-inobjects: Application, ASPError, Request, Response,

Server, and Session. Session, for example, represents a cookie-basedsession that

maintains the state of variables from page to page. The Active Scripting engine's

support of the Component Object Model (COM) enables ASP websites to access

functionality in compiled libraries such as DLLs.

Web pages with the .aspfile extension use ASP, although some web sites disguise their

choice of scripting language for security purposes (e.g. still using the more

common .htmor .htmlextension). Pages with the .aspxextension use

compiled ASP.NET (based on Microsoft's .NET Framework), which makes them faster

and more robust than server-side scripting in ASP, which is interpreted at run-time;

however, ASP.NET pages may still include some ASP scripting. The introduction of

ASP.NET led to use of the term Classic ASPfor the original technology.

Programmers write most ASP pages using VBScript, but any other Active Scripting

engine can be selected instead with the @Languagedirective or the syntax. JScript (Microsoft's implementation

of ECMAScript) is the other language that is usually available. PerlScript (a derivative

of Perl) and others are available as third-party installable Active Scripting engines.

What is ASP?

ASP stands for Active Server Pages ASP is a Microsoft Technology ASP is a program that runs inside IIS IIS stands for Internet Information Services IIS comes as a free component with Windows 2000 IIS is also a part of the Windows NT 4.0 Option Pack The Option Pack can be downloaded from Microsoft PWS is a smaller - but fully functional - version of IIS PWS can be found on your Windows 95/98 CD


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ASP Compatibility

To run IIS you must have Windows NT 4.0 or later To run PWS you must have Windows 95 or later ChiliASP is a technology that runs ASP without Windows OS

InstantASP is another technology that runs ASP without Windows

What is an ASP File?

An ASP file is just the same as an HTML file An ASP file can contain text, HTML, XML, and scripts Scripts in an ASP file are executed on the server An ASP file has the file extension ".asp"

How Does ASP Differ from HTML?

When a browser requests an HTML file, the server returns the file When a browser requests an ASP file, IIS passes the request to the ASP engine.

The ASP engine reads the ASP file, line by line, and executes the scripts in thefile. Finally, the ASP file is returned to the browser as plain HTML

What can ASP do for you?

Dynamically edit, change, or add any content of a Web page Respond to user queries or data submitted from HTML forms Access any data or databases and return the results to a browser Customize a Web page to make it more useful for individual users The advantages of using ASP instead of CGI and Perl, are those of simplicity

and speed Provide security - since ASP code cannot be viewed from the browser Clever ASP programming can minimize the network traffic

Note: Because ASP scripts are executed on the server, the browser that displaysthe ASP file does not need to support scripting at all!

Scripting Languages and Script Engines

We have seen that Active Server Pages are really a combination of VBScript and HTMLtags. Processing these scripts on the server generates the dynamic HTML that can berendered in any browser. VBScript is the default scripting language, although you coulduse JScript. All of our examples use the native VBScript. Everything within the iswritten in VBScript, which has almost identical syntax to VB.


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ASP ObjectsASP ResponseASP RequestASP ApplicationASP Session

ASP ServerASP ErrorASP FileSystemASP TextStreamASP DriveASP FileASP FolderASP DictionaryASP ADO

ASP Response Object

The ASP Response object is used to send output to the user from the server.The ASP Response object is used to send output to the user from the server. Itscollections, properties, and methods are described below:

Collections

Collection Description

Cookies Sets a cookie value. If the cookie does not exist, it will be created,and take the value that is specified

Properties

Property DescriptionBuffer Specifies whether to buffer the page output or not

CacheControl Sets whether a proxy server can cache the output generated byASP or not

Charset Appends the name of a character-set to the content-type headerin the Response object

ContentType Sets the HTTP content type for the Response object

Expires Sets how long (in minutes) a page will be cached on a browserbefore it expires

ExpiresAbsolute Sets a date and time when a page cached on a browser willexpire

IsClientConnected Indicates if the client has disconnected from the server

Pics Appends a value to the PICS label response header

Status Specifies the value of the status line returned by the server


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Methods

Method Description

AddHeader Adds a new HTTP header and a value to the HTTP response

AppendToLog Adds a string to the end of the server log entry

BinaryWrite Writes data directly to the output without any characterconversion

Clear Clears any buffered HTML output

End Stops processing a script, and returns the current result

Flush Sends buffered HTML output immediately

Redirect Redirects the user to a different URL

Write Writes a specified string to the output

ASP Request ObjectThe ASP Response object is used to send output to the user from the server.The ASP Response object is used to send output to the user from the server. Itscollections, properties, and methods are described below:

Collections


Cookies Sets a cookie value. If the cookie does not exist, it will be created,and take the value that is specified

Properties

Property Description

Buffer Specifies whether to buffer the page output or not

CacheControl Sets whether a proxy server can cache the output generated byASP or not

Charset Appends the name of a character-set to the content-type headerin the Response object

ContentType Sets the HTTP content type for the Response object

Expires Sets how long (in minutes) a page will be cached on a browserbefore it expires

ExpiresAbsolute Sets a date and time when a page cached on a browser willexpire

IsClientConnected Indicates if the client has disconnected from the server

Pics Appends a value to the PICS label response header

Status Specifies the value of the status line returned by the server


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Methods

Method Description

AddHeader Adds a new HTTP header and a value to the HTTP response

AppendToLog Adds a string to the end of the server log entry

BinaryWrite Writes data directly to the output without any characterconversion

Clear Clears any buffered HTML output

End Stops processing a script, and returns the current result

Flush Sends buffered HTML output immediately

Redirect Redirects the user to a different URL

The Request object is used to get information from a visitor.

When a browser asks for a page from a server, it is called a request. The Request

object is used to get information from a visitor. Its collections, properties, and methodsare described below:

Collections


ClientCertificate Contains all the field values stored in the client certificate

WriteWrites a specified string to the outputThe Request object is used to get information from a visitor.

When a browser asks for a page from a server, it is called a request. The Requestobject is used to get information from a visitor. Its collections, properties, and methodsare described below:

Collections


ClientCertificate Contains all the field values stored in the client certificate

Cookies Contains all the cookie values sent in a HTTP request

Form Contains all the form (input) values from a form that uses the postmethod

QueryString Contains all the variable values in a HTTP query string

ServerVariables Contains all the server variable values

Properties


TotalBytes Returns the total number of bytes the client sent in the body ofthe request


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Methods

Method Description

BinaryRead Retrieves the data sent to the server from the client as part of apost request and stores it in a safe array

ASP Application ObjectA group of ASP files that work together to perform some purpose is called anapplication. The Application object is used to tie these files together.

An application on the Web may consists of several ASP files that work together toperform some purpose. The Application object is used to tie these files together.

The Application object is used to store and access variables from any page, just like theSession object. The difference is that ALL users share ONE Application object (withSessions there is ONE Session object for EACH user).

The Application object holds information that will be used by many pages in theapplication (like database connection information). The information can be accessedfrom any page. The information can also be changed in one place, and the changes willautomatically be reflected on all pages.

ASP Session ObjectA Session object stores information about, or change settings for a user session.

When you are working with an application on your computer, you open it, do some

changes and then you close it. This is much like a Session. The computer knows whoyou are. It knows when you open the application and when you close it. However, onthe internet there is one problem: the web server does not know who you are and whatyou do, because the HTTP address doesn't maintain state.

ASP solves this problem by creating a unique cookie for each user. The cookie is sentto the user's computer and it contains information that identifies the user. This interfaceis called the Session object.

The Session object stores information about, or change settings for a user session.

Variables stored in a Session object hold information about one single user, and areavailable to all pages in one application. Common information stored in sessionvariables are name, id, and preferences. The server creates a new Session object foreach new user, and destroys the Session object when the session expires.

ASP Server Object

The Server object is used to access properties and methods on the server.


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The ASP Server object is used to access properties and methods on the server. Itsproperties and methods are described below:

Properties


ScriptTimeout Sets or returns the maximum number of seconds a script can runbefore it is terminated

Methods

Method Description

CreateObject Creates an instance of an object

Execute Executes an ASP file from inside another ASP file

GetLastError() Returns an ASPError object that describes the error condition thatoccurred

HTMLEncode Applies HTML encoding to a specified stringMapPath Maps a specified path to a physical path

Transfer Sends (transfers) all the information created in one ASP file to asecond ASP file

URLEncode Applies URL encoding rules to a specified string

ASP ASPError Object

The ASPError object was implemented in ASP 3.0 and is available in IIS5 and later.

The ASPError object is used to display detailed information of any error that occurs inscripts in an ASP page.

Note: The ASPError object is created when Server.GetLastError is called, so the errorinformation can only be accessed by using the Server.GetLastError method.

The ASPError object's properties are described below (all properties are read-only):

Properties


ASPCode Returns an error code generated by IIS

ASPDescription Returns a detailed description of the error (if the error is ASP-related)

Category Returns the source of the error (was the error generated by ASP?By a scripting language? By an object?)

Column Returns the column position within the file that generated the


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error

Description Returns a short description of the error

File Returns the name of the ASP file that generated the error

Line Returns the line number where the error was detected

Number Returns the standard COM error code for the error

Source Returns the actual source code of the line where the erroroccurred

ASP FileSystemObject Object

The FileSystemObject object is used to access the file system on a server.

The FileSystemObject object is used to access the file system on a server.

This object can manipulate files, folders, and directory paths. It is also possible toretrieve file system information with this object.

The following code createsa text file (c:\test.txt) and then writes some text to the file:

The FileSystemObject object's properties and methods are described below:

Properties


Drives Returns a collection of all Drive objects on the computer

ASP TextStream ObjectThe TextStream object is used to access the contents of a text file.

The TextStream object is used to access the contents of text files.

The following code creates a text file (c:\test.txt) and then writes some text to the file(the variable f is an instance of the TextStream object):


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To create an instance of the TextStream object you can use the CreateTextFile orOpenTextFile methods of the FileSystemObject object, or you can use theOpenAsTextStream method of the File object.

The TextStream object's properties and methods are described below:

Properties


AtEndOfLine Returns true if the file pointer is positioned immediately before theend-of-line marker in a TextStream file, and false if not

AtEndOfStream Returns true if the file pointer is at the end of a TextStream file,and false if not

Column Returns the column number of the current character position in aninput stream

Line Returns the current line number in a TextStream file

ASP Drive ObjectThe Drive object is used to get information about a local disk drive or a network share.

The Drive object is used to return information about a local disk drive or a networkshare. The Drive object can return information about a drive's type of file system, freespace, serial number, volume name, and more.

Note: You cannot return information about a drive's content with the Drive object. Forthis purpose you will have to use the Folder object.

To work with the properties of the Drive object, you will have to create an instance of theDrive object through the FileSystemObject object. First; create a FileSystemObjectobject and then instantiate the Drive object through the GetDrive method or the Drivesproperty of the FileSystemObject object.


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ASP File Object

The File object is used to return information about a specified file.

To work with the properties and methods of the File object, you will have to create an

instance of the File object through the FileSystemObject object. First; create aFileSystemObject object and then instantiate the File object through the GetFile methodof the FileSystemObject object or through the Files property of the Folder object.

The following code uses the GetFile method of the FileSystemObject object toinstantiate the File object and the DateCreated property to return the date when thespecified file was created:

Example

ASP Folder Object

The Folder Object is used to return information about a specified folder.

The Folder object is used to return information about a specified folder.

To work with the properties and methods of the Folder object, you will have to create aninstance of the Folder object through the FileSystemObject object. First; create aFileSystemObject object and then instantiate the Folder object through the GetFoldermethod of the FileSystemObject object.

The following code uses the GetFolder method of the FileSystemObject object toinstantiate the Folder object and the DateCreated property to return the date when the

specified folder was created:


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set fo=nothingset fs=nothing%>

Output:

Folder created: 10/22/2008 10:01:19 AM

ASP Dictionary ObjectThe Dictionary object stores information in name/value pairs.

The Dictionary object is used to store information in name/value pairs (referred to askey and item). The Dictionary object might seem similar to Arrays, however, theDictionary object is a more desirable solution to manipulate related data.

Comparing Dictionaries and Arrays:

Keys are used to identify the items in a Dictionary object You do not have to call ReDim to change the size of the Dictionary object When deleting an item from a Dictionary, the remaining items will automatically

shift up Dictionaries cannot be multidimensional, Arrays can Dictionaries have more built-in functions than Arrays Dictionaries work better than arrays on accessing random elements frequently Dictionaries work better than arrays on locating items by their content

The following example creates a Dictionary object, adds some key/item pairs to it, and

retrieves the item value for the key gr:

Output:

The value of key gr is: Green


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ASP ADO

ADO can be used to access databases from your web pages.

Accessing a Database from an ASP Page

The common way to access a database from inside an ASP page is to:

1. Create an ADO connection to a database2. Open the database connection3. Create an ADO recordset4. Open the recordset5. Extract the data you need from the recordset6. Close the recordset

7. Close the connection

What is ADO?

ADO is a Microsoft technology ADO stands for ActiveX Data Objects ADO is a Microsoft Active-X component ADO is automatically installed with Microsoft IIS ADO is a programming interface to access data in a database


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ASP Application

A group of ASP files that work together to perform some purpose is called anapplication.

Application Object

An application on the Web may consists of several ASP files that work together toperform some purpose. The Application object is used to tie these files together.

The Application object is used to store and access variables from any page, just like theSession object. The difference is that ALL users share ONE Application object (withSessions there is ONE Session object for EACH user).

The Application object holds information that will be used by many pages in theapplication (like database connection information). The information can be accessedfrom any page. The information can also be changed in one place, and the changes willautomatically be reflected on all pages.

Store and Retrieve Application Variables

Application variables can be accessed and changed by any page in an application.

You can create Application variables in "Global.asa" like this:

Sub Application_OnStart

application("vartime")=""application("users")=1End Sub

In the example above we have created two Application variables: "vartime" and "users".

You can access the value of an Application variable like this:

There are

active connections.


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Loop Through the Contents Collection

The Contents collection contains all application variables. You can loop through theContents collection, to see what's stored in it:

If you do not know the number of items in the Contents collection, you can use theCount property:

Loop Through the StaticObjects Collection

You can loop through the StaticObjects collection, to see the values of all objects storedin the Application object:

Lock and Unlock

You can lock an application with the "Lock" method. When an application is locked, theusers cannot change the Application variables (other than the one currently accessingit). You can unlock an application with the "Unlock" method. This method removes thelock from the Application variable:


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Web Programming Unit-IV