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Hero-stuner a r e found a w s t i n every p a r t of
Indir. 'we brvo a l ready made r rporrdlo rurvey of hers-@toner
found i n Indlr . hiero-stenor a r e found f a i r l y In eood number
l n i o ~ t b Ind ia rxgecrlr l ly i n Yrrnrtaka, Padbra Trrdarb urb
frroiln'i$u and to some e x t e n t I n I e r r l a 0180, kt u r now
see tho d l r t r i b u t i o n of hero-stones found i n ~ o u t b Ind ia
i n rog ioor lv i r r .
4 s . i u m u t
tiunatdtr i s r land of c o n r i d e r r b l o ent lqol ty .
I t hrr y1 e l Q d many l a t u o r t i n 4 r ro hreologioal and h i l t o r i a r l
d r t b The exorvatfonrs a t q r a h r ~ i r l end i h . o d r o v a l l i tlr tho
- h l t a l d n r g d l r t r l c t , throw f r e r h l i g h t .nd t l # r onable8
s c h o l r r e to aimmu t h b t p o r t of Armataka posrod through
fwt s t r ~ e r of pre-hie tor lo o u l t l r e r - tb. lower Pale011 thie,
tb. miutol i thlo, t h r n e o l i t h l c rnb t he h lgbly developed iron
age a l v i l l t r t ! e r r whiah rouenly c o n a w t r 1 t w i t h t b e + f a u t l r n
and tha r k v a b b n r ajmehr of t h e l a t e r p ~ r l o d r . 1
familiar of trba kuara ruaao8rlvoly for ova? m e thourand
year8 from a. 5 th to tho l 6 t b oantury A. il. coatria r rlah
arrvort of poll t i o a l , moaoalc, r e l l ~ i a u r md cultural
rcrarlar, iiowovar arr mala o b j d t 18 rbwt hero-8tOner that
rro Iouod s ~ r t t a r d t h rwqbu t the lrngtb md brer6h or
In r u l y tiae8, tnel t oourrge rad p a t r i o t l a ue
ref lwtod in the numerous oxampler of orttlo-rrldr in v b l ~ h
wa very oftur sea v l l l r g u r glvinj up their l lver i n bedmar
oi" their e r t t l e , .%st of their f8a l l l e r voro provldd w i t h
grant6 df rent f ree land, Thoro qrratr wore orllob r r b%&-
grlou, krlnq, rlvuro an4 ko9rgo. 8
I t i r no t poarlblo hrra to cover tho entire born-
atone8 r r d l r b l o in the r t r t c OPr main 80urees about hem-
itonor oomr from rlirlous report8 l ike Kyrore Arabreolo~loI],
-feportr, !.pi prrpblr 3unr t l o r and nnmrl ::rportr on Rpl gtrpbr
OM. ; b s t of the hero-stone8 fouob i h t h o tollowin# d i r t r l o t r
Chitredm~, W d y r urd ! I r r r m d l m t r l e t r OW. ."swrrar,
a lr;r$e rambar of hero-stoner hrvo been blsaoverod i n
~ b r r w u d i a t r i u t .
Aadhrr prrberb, rp re rd lug on t h e .art o o r r t
of -outb-India, f roa r ?.u m i ler north of n d r r m md
aovorlny the o a r t e r n b r l f of tho tocam Pl r to ru , i r ve ry
r iob i n tbo rmdnr of r r l y Mm fro8 t h e P r l o o l I t h ¶ o
t l a t r onvrrbr. Curlag tho n001i th ic m d the mooo.bln6
~ o g r l l t h l c t l a e r aloa, m a n f l o u r 3 shed i n t h l a rogloa.
'*e do not know anything about tho a n c i e n t hi rtory
of the yoople r h o ocsupiod ~ d h r r grabash. L ike its n e i ~ b -
bouring r t r t e SrrnotJIa i n Mdhra pradebh r l o o mrmerour
hare-rtonor bavo barn reported. :tunerour - 3 or mwri r l oolumnr have dim0vor.d r t '~rgllirjun.Kondr .
rhoy fhrov moro l i g h t on t h o history of maaorfrl p i l l a r s ,
ins lud lay hero- r tonos 80 f rr llir Lou t h In4 i 8 1 o cooeorned.
: 'bat of tbw u e free r t w ~ d i n g l ime r t o a e eolumnr. Tboy
ware r a i s e d to C O P I P I H ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ O the d e a t h of k i n y r mb qucPmr.
9, M. t ' u k a r , mZbbryr-S trabhrr from :: a8rrJandtondrm - pp. 97.97.
&t r i te L?3 rbau t f i r e a w o r i r l p l l l u s t r i a d l n m-?y
of tbo doad mldierr rad thrlr a b l o f r voro ootlarb. There
p i l l a r aolunnr r r o i a r a r l b d . . ~ 0 ~ 8 l p t u rrl rep rescn t r t l an8
a r e .loo sera tbero. a e moh p i l l a r dop lc t , four warrior8
with rvord o r spear md r h l e l d in t h e i r hands. theso
arojrlrl p l l l r r r o r whhrye-rt.abbn8 r r o r m g h l y bibng to
t h o e a r l y a e n t u r l e r ~f the Z h r l r t i m err. R u a :?dhrr
pr rderh provldo u r , t he ptjrhrpr tho r a r l i e a t h l r t ~ r i o r l
evidmoe f o r the p rao t ioo of a o a e m r r t l n g the d r o o u a l
w r r r i o r r by ctroatiny mmaorirl p i l l a r 8 i n s a u t h India.
5'undredr of be-stone8 have born found i n r r r i o u r d i r t r i o t 8
of r ~ d h r r prrbosh. v.2 J b l t m r , Eijrp~r, 90110re, . > o l l u y
-toot, ;Inurtrpur, mrnoo l , Selgme eta. W e t r l a r g e
number of bero-rtoaor ooae f r o m ,biteor d i r t r i o t , p 8 r t l a u l r r l y
i n Pung.a'ir tW.
me g e o ~ r r p h i c a l i s o l n t i a n of l e r r l r from the
rest of thr o o n t i n r n t o r u r d by the v e r t o r n ghat8 ha?
never d r n i e d bor the i n h r r i tan00 of 8 a-on Ctulturlrl
ho r i t rgo f r o m her nolghbouring reglwtr, kynrd on tbo
h d e h t 8 of tbo weatern Shr t r , forneb a geogrrphiar l urd
o a l t u n r l rppaadrgo of Myron. Hot b i s t o r y boginr 88 r
88rt of T r a i l oouatry urldor tho u re lon t :err m p i r o of
tho Tmil sdgm ale.
?be b i o f o r i a r l r e l i e 8 of he ro l r toae r di8cover.d
f r o m differwit p a r t 8 of Xerrla r evea l that tho a u l t war (r
aoalpopr grwtleo i n mraory of beroor 88 el8rubere In Louth
India. ii0W.r t h e bero-stones of bad not b m llio f a?
i is t& sad b r m g b t out under r rya toaa t lo r n a l y e l s and r
eoaprabr r r~ ive rWdy by reholrr#. tho melabera of tho
, ,eputnaat of , i i r tory , Jollcu t h i v o r r i t y have ~i rcravrrclb
r Iw brro-ctontt8 la wad around ? u l r p @ r l l i end o t h e r 6
p~aoes.4 ttm a l r p a l l i hero-atom bar t h r u por t ion#
tho lower por t ion r o p r r s w t r t h e f i g h t i n g betveea hro
w r r r i o t r v i th bour rrd u m v r . Tho middle one r b v r probrblf
t b r oa r ty ing of tho hero by tbe a e l o r t ¶ a l damsols $0
p a ~ r b l a e . Tbe top por t lon dop lo t s t h e r o r t d born i n tho
r e of 1 Tho f i@:~re of tbe b u l l md 8 b ~ ~ t e ~
r r o 4e~icrt.d in t h l r portloar, A fw other hero-atone@ a m
found a t S h e e y r s b r f o r e r t . ~ a a e brm-atone8 rcboorrtd
from tbo ~ t t rppEb1 v r l l a y uruth of @mad a r e d i r p l ~ y d la 6
t he Gov.rooat r~reh.oologIaa1 Muamam a t "lrtur.
4. Inr0?88ti(~1 i v m br Jr. FG ;. c. ~ W I ~ U I I I O ) P?Of.rll~t, war tarot o f tiis to ry , Callou t Ilnirerri ty, 3r l iaut .
1 ~ ~ 0 8 tho f a r a ~ o l n g r ~ r v a y I t nay be at lggartd tha t tbo
praet loe of a t m t i n g bore-ctooer mlaht ham bean oolourad
by the roa1.1 rad jml l t18r l r f tua t lon of farala. Polk
'Payy.rr9 o r foUr @a a f t e r the m m r y of t b e ham@$
lit. Latlvwmr Veer, Payyaapalll eJhurdu etq. bar* beam
laand a u t i n Xrlnbmr, B e folk hero Xatlv.nur v o w or / .eurdappea lest hlm l i f e uh i l a he fo'atht rgalnmt the a a t t l e
bhlafs, In n o r t h Kerala the hero wl t ha. not only
produoad the Yul lwal ball .br, but a l m *-* i n vhiab
m a old m m r t , r ~ a r e boamarmi en=. a ,..re7 T M ~ ttm barn
arrlt ha8 got r long t r ed i t i oa i n aarala.
prrdarh va have got r xxumbsr of hero-aWnaa, Zburrer,
t h e xain o o n ~ a 1 t r a t 1 ~ of horo-stoner l r fn :+ar th /*mot
and Sberaapurl s l r t r l o t r , rw haw-afoaer a ro r.port.6
from : r l a , : ou t b kruot, -oimbe b r a , .3bindl.pat, Yilgrtr ,
R l o b l r ~ p 8 l l 1 , Nane lve l l l uad YenyJNmarl d i r t r i o t r , 60
fu, no hero-mtsnmr bava beon raportad from X.dur81, h o m e
nr thrpu ru, Tanja r ) .lhb Rldduko ttrl d i r t r i ~ t r . . . . . - . . o w w o o 1 1
From t l se i m a o o r l a l , gorth Aroot d i a t r i o t
hrr played r a o t m r t h f r o l e l a t b r bf r toty of f a r t h
Indfr. rbe h i r8ory o f riorth Rmot d l s t r f c t goor beak tO
r a a t . P&l reo l l t h i c impleroentr were lmnd i n
aany p l a c e r of t h e p reaan t :binglopat, v41cb wrs t h e p a r t
of d o r t h rtmot d i r t r l a t till t h e 17th contury, k e hava
ruch uvldarwrr rrrllrblc, i n 3orth hrcot proper. buover,
good ourbet 3f tied1 t h i c rite8 are nst1o.d i n t h l a roglon a t o r i n 8 tance axc rva t lonr oonauc td a t ? r l y a ~ p r l l l , a
n e o l l t h i c rite, l n t h e lsortb Ar-t d i r t r l c t ruverl in terao-
t l n g d r t a l l r about t b r r r r l ler t rbtt1:rs o f t h l s rog lm.
The p w p l e of t h i n region u r d l a r g e rrunber o f pol lshed
s b a a axes and a wmewhat m d i a e n t u y f l a k t8 o r b lade
I m p l a a n t s , Thoy probably dour6 ti o a t 4 o a t t l e l i k e rheep,
p a t s eta, From a s m b r of &tono l m p l r e n t r md t h e pnttmro
of ~ e t t l s m e n t of theso pooplo, I t may be a ~ ~ q q e 8 t . d t h a t they
wore no more nomrbr and loading r b e t t e r l i f e t h e n t h e
Pa leo l i tbnlc a a . f o l l o u i a g tho n-11 t h l c ptt iod, megolf t h i c
b u l l d a r r cane to t b e roono .ad made t r v o l u l l a n a r y changes
n o t o n l y i n t h e roclo-eaonoaic c o n d t t l o n r b u t 8100 i n t b e
b ~ I d & ~ t uI~ na-d h l l c r b l e 0
dxu&&ml - pp, 161, 163
o u l t of t h e bad. 8olreraur Magrl l th la rolwmontr and
burl018 that are s o a t t o r e d i n t h e d l r t r l e b boar v l t s o s r
t@ t b i # fmtr
&ring We e a r l y period, t h o r e Vera zuamerour
r ~ d u i n & t i l b e s i n the ' i o r t h hmot d l a t r l o t . A I n
ooholarr aonrroat tho60 w a e r i n & paoplo w l t h t S e h a n t e r r
wad a n s t h e r r o t of soholatr OWneaL thea vith t h o r r n o n t r
of an aborg1n.l poopla known a. 1 r r 1 a r a 9 r c c o r d h g W @
m a m s a r i p t o o l l m t o d by Jot, '4rokanala, n r g # e r t r t h a t t h e 10
S u m n b r r v e r e the e a r l 1 r a t a e t t l a r r of t h i r l o c a l 1 ty.
; . l t h there fw wrba, we 89811 now go thre lgh tbe srtt~by
of tho heto-stonrr imbd i n t h l m rogloa.
A l w o t i n every p r t t o f Vorth Arcrot d l r t r i a t
re & a t a number of hero-stoner, In < b . n g u t r l u k a lone
amre than f i f t y he ro- r tonr r b r o bwa r e p o r t d by t h o s t a t @
iiepchrta%nt of h m h a o o l o g ~ , Fall 1l Most at th. h e rb
a t o n e r belong to the Pa l l rva dmerty. Host o f t h e hem
a t o n e l a r u r 1 y t i o a a fouad In t h l r r e g l a a r e la '2uril
9, A. s tuut - &mud of hortb hmot ~ l r t r i o t , vol. I - m
PP* 373% 10. it, J0p.l.n - PI11.tr. of rC'raahi - pp, u, U, a, e7.
11. r:, Nagarmy ( Id. ) C h a ( r i r d u k k u k r l .
luslplrge ud Vr$)e&uthu rorlpt . Tbey t h r e w r flood of
l l s h t on t h e r o o i r l oon6l t ionr obtaining than in t h l r
b i l l y trmt, 3ow we r h a l l eramine some of tb. l a p a r t a n t
hero-rtoarr E elmaging to tho Pallavar. 'Tha a a r l l o r t
3rSlrva r i n g reprorented l a the hero-$ tone lnrar ipt lmne
found la t h i a regioa belongto t i n ~ ~ v l n n c l v u m m ( i i m h s ~ i a h a )
Tuo hero-rtoaea belonging to t h l r kin@ have bem reportd 39
from ~ r a i f i j " nd Bar r~ lagma l l f i r oat84 in tba 14 th
and f a r 4 r e p a l year of f'lmhavl8&1 ro8p*ct ivo l~ , Tho
former r m o r d r tho death of a hero nuned Panna lr f i v m
v h l l e tbe l a t t e r r a o r d r the doath of r o e r t r l n Iradrpammr
i s a . rcle period of Llahatvlrhm'r ? a l p has
h i tner to be# consiQer.4 rs baring teralnatod w i t b tha end
of the 6 t h o n t u r y a. L, tat the rooent dlroovery of a
hero-stoma a t ~ ~ r r ~ r l n g m a l l u r arntlonwd above, i t 8.7 n o w
b* prorured that Llmh vlrhrru [email protected] f o r a t l e a s t 33 yaar
(1, e , c, t 3664dO A. L, )
N o u l y r donen kro-s tonor beloagin# to
64ahendravrraan I have elm be- found i n th i s are& la
Zhe higherti r u q n d year rig, 34, 2e, 39 u e obtriard for 16
this hlng reepoatlvel, fro. i q a t t ~ F v m x u q a ~ r .ad 17
2 rttm$? epi~raphr. 60 from t h o : - S t t d r @pi graph 1 t
io i t may be pre8uatB for the present that ha care to the
throne by a, 690 k.2. &a in the light of tho h i l h re~na l
year8 of there two kings, tbe cht~nology of t h s ruler8 of
t b r early P8llrvr dynarty mar have to be r.conniCered, 17r
17, fbid - 'I%& 3A - 36 of 196&,
178, For the deta i l ed study on tbo olbjeot Fee ehrpter 9 T T on pol¶ t lar l oondl tl e n m a
19, fbid - ?Hbt.~ - 78 of U71,
so, - T";tlvA - M, n, 34, 37 of 1971, 2 - r l o k LA - 81, 74 of 1971, A.rE t#)7 of 1W940,
I\, Naa.ruy (144) Yburgm 38duka~rl- L"ks;'lr - 72 of 197t 2 , ~ X C 31. or 1.~181 F, 1, IV - 30. m - pgp, 1 ~ 0 4 .
Ulr ; 171 of U214 63 of 19:$34rla
.aQ i(uloWnga 1 1 1 ~ are noatlone6 in . -bar of hero-
li LOII.8.
A hero-stone belonging to I?'irtr.lrtta
g.anu.dn.,90 d r C d in Cbo 04th rema1 year b@a bean
idrt tdr3' and 6dadr3' inrctlption~ .ppear to boloa'
to a brrach of tho !3iy1r faa l ly , wbo ware under the rarrice
of the Pollrrrr l o th is regime
T b r hero-etorror fro8 l o r t b kruot d l r t r l o t
ooa t r lhr t o may tblngr to tbo E'auth frrdlrrr m i a l md
~ o l l t i a a l hlrter7. Further rereatoh ard oxplorotlonr
i n t b l e d i s t r l c t v i l l reveal m-JI i n t e r a r t l a ( flrformrtl on8
v1 tb re(8rd to tho early hl s tory of t h 1 r l o c a l i ty.
kdjoinlng to t o r t b Araot d i s t r i c t l l e a ahrrmrjmrl
d l o t r i c t, "Jbrrmryurl I s one of tbo l r t o r t d i r t r i c t r to be
fomod la 1965, ublab betoto form04 t h a p a r t of Ealm
d i s t r i c t . ~ b & m r ; l u r l d i s t r i c t l o studdod v l th thiak f o r a r t
and muatafns. Annual r a i o f a l l in t h i s url 18 very
m a r n o e a r l l o o t h ~ m a n s o t t l r e n t perhapa, &oar to
the time of h e 0 1 1 thlc period. RumYour Jdogalitbia b u r i r l r
have b ~ e a reg0rt.d horr. ?he b i r tory of t h i s rogloa a r t o r
b8ek b tbe . -dam p ~ r i o d DBarmrpurl, uww 1 ts uacieat
naee Tagadat odjaamnt to AdiyMrnkott&i formed 88 one o f
tba a u l t u r r l l y l n t o g r r l p u t 8 of tho -herar o f tho tadgem
potlob, n d l 7 u . n fi.b,man Gj1, tbe ancient chief of
~ a ( d r bad prtroo1r.d A w d y r r , t be f -8 poetess of tba
f;d4rn ago, hbiyaman hed matrlmonlal l l n k r w i t h tha
kheraara and 18 orodi t.4 vltn 8 glorlaur v ia tory a g r l n r t
tho omblned fore.8 of revm klngr. krmtrmmM rofe r r - - - m - o - o -
14. .Inrry - m1.
to tbo ?and (Palm t t o o ) m b l m of M l y m r n f l a 8 ond of
~ d 1 y u r a v r oxpcditlon oa bobrlf of the over lord Cherr
r g r l n r t Nraam, a t h l r o r p l t r l Pa l l , vhore he O l d r l ang
with hy Pryinan, r Cborr T a d r t o r y , t l l l r d by the gmnrl
of Hmnm or1106 Wirl&i. k d l ~ 8 ~ 8 n rlld h e r o i c a l l y In
tho bat t le . Pvvdyar rpuakr about t b r hero-stono t r i e d 38
l m a o o r y of A d i j ~ r n . lbus tb* p r w r l o a t of bmm-rtono
found i n t h i r region d a t e r b w k r ight from very o r r l y psrlod.
rrom tbo v e r j roao (1. r. Jbrrmapurl n i r t r l o t ) q u i e t a g w d
number of hero-8ton.r have been r o p o r t d by t b o s t a t e
o q w t t o e o t of r o b r w l o ~ , Taail WrQI. "r. z. V. riman,
?rof erhor o f tho Lopartmont of me1 ent HI r t o r y m a d hrohroology,
: Jo l rorr i t y of * r d r r r bar 8180 brought to not loo reve r r1
hero-otuner daring t h o o r p l o r r t l o n in t h i s area. Let ur
now roe i o r e of the noro-rtoner faund t b i a regton, Mote
t b m h n d r e d hero-stones bnve been reported from t h l r rrrr
$ 0 hrvo hero-stone opiprrphr r l d h t from tho 6th cmtury A. ?,
Yort of the hero-s toner beloag to tho P a l l o r r r , CMarr,
b y r a l r r , imgrr, t.lolrobsrr rod V 1 j rymagarr . hpqtt from
t h t r r dpr r t l e r , tbrre r r o nurrerotrs hero-stoner belonging
to uskaom mler., t%ppaab26i L I r u l a p p r t t i ) h @ r ~ - s t o n e ~ ~
w r i t t e n la va3$a&ath oha rae t e r r . I t raeordr t b e d e a t h
(O the P.ll*va m1a: r l ike Cl~b.vlrrYIU,~' 2 .ahmdra ranan 39 40 r3', N ~ a ~ L h e v w a ~ ~ atad I svar.v.nrra hmre b e a
repor ted , Sk brro-stoner d r t d in t h e 1 0 t h and BOth r e g n r l
In d w r t r1uk i O r . b ~ d & h a l l i ' ~ la t h e 1-8 t r h k
r e rp . a t lve ly . T b a l a t t a ? hero-rtoae 1s foqad i n r dolmm.
rh is show# t h a t t h e p r r c t i c e of s r e u t f n g dolmene for t hose
vtm mot berolc d a r t b eont inuad t l l l vary l a t e period.
; la1 l o r type of dobanold hero-8 toner arm rapor t ad f r o m
r number of plrcor (; r e p l e t a V08.15,17,36) k r v her*& toner 43
o f .;*JadhiraJa, dtalotbnga I* and .J.ndra 11PS a1.o
Ibla - mbl?n 1, 8 of 19781 1, 2, 3 o f 19731 164 of m. - mi;& - s, so, el, s 1 ~ 7 8 1 76, 77, a or IQU,
- 71 of U7Y.
lglP - 67 a d br, of 1974.
u - tj or ron. JQlg - u9 of 19%. Lhrn r ryu r i Naarrkarkrl ( Jngubll s h d ) 1Ri. U A 34-0 of 1Qm. I;lriP - er of 19x3,
~ r W 3 0 t
Vory f w bra-rtoner of tbo tbyralrr have
b..cr reported, A boro-atonm det .6 i n t he 33rd rogn.1
,oar of ~ i r 8 r ' u a a a t h m n bar born far& a t t ~ m ~ e t i - i i r ~ ~ 1n
L A . N ~ te1'ia)t. I t 10 r bolmonoid bar-stone, tho Inso r l -
g t l o a o r trtmr that a crmrlaln lu3pl l la l ? o n u a l d l & after
i r l l f l n g a tl~u. rho seu lp tu ro deplo ts t h e hero f ight lng
v i t h the t1C.r ( t o @ 31.t. 30. 3 b )
a1 a t f w hero-stones e r e i n a b l e to rfpuru-
shavWBmr hrvm bamn r.pott.d a t verlaar p l r a e s I l k 0
I. tdr? ' iblnn'&uppu4' and Mduppatt l . 49
:evm bero-stonos b o l o n g l n ~ to t h e yoluoba
~ l n y r V 1 r8 ' ;o lorbr , Sl
- i o l q b a Vlra 2 h G ~ n and ~ l y a p p e - 6s
b r v e been found a t va r lou r pleaom.
46, :ebon tho author v l r l t d t h i s a r ea be found tho i n r o r i p t l o n o n l y on tho l o f t lmer r i d e of tho dolma. Gontre, i>b.rarapurf .CelrotQlir81, 10 of 1979,
47, - 74 of 19'N. 4 - 16 of w73,
ialr tuo haro-rtoner b a l n g l n g to t h l r dyaar ty
hare been *.port4 fmm ~ . a d u r ~ i n , i t t a*ara l t a lu*
anofbar one f r o m n.ntyrb' i<ll i n iierur teluk, P w 98na
n l u r hawe 8180 hem mentiorrod i n some aplgrrphr. Apart
?tor there , t ha ra i r r l ~ r g e number of barn-stoner
belonging to unlrnown m l a r r ,
-8 3bar raput l d i r t r i o t i s studded v i t h r
l a r g o QU8b~r of hero-otoner a s r i p a b l e to v r r t a u r k lngr
of diflermt dfnar t i as . Fur ther ax teas i v e oxplorat l on
i n t h e f o r e s t rugion e s p . o l r l l y I n Petmagaram ragion, u l l l
yield maor l n t p a r t i n g i a f o r a a t l o a w i thra8ard to t h e e e r l ~
h i r t o r y of D b m a p u r l b l r t r l o t .
Thi8 18 on* of t h e redion vhere n w s tone 84.
am .bb him ruuoaasorr f lour ishod .ad left behind than
r i o h ramalnr. hobat t h m ~ a roote rap0rt.6 vary l a r g e ond
r i c h i r o n age gr rvar on t h a veotarn a ide of tba . havroy
Ai l l a .ad hmr murt1on.d t h e s i t @ of X i 1 *!onduobad1 a t tha
Sbarroyr a r v u y r l c b i n t h e r e a r l n r of t h i s age. 84
A r o a r o t d i ~ o o v u y of a T u l l Brabml i n ~ o r l p t i o n from
O.alur ta luk, t e r t lS1oa the an t iqu l t y of the re#lon, 88
: ' dm d i r t r i a l ha8 not been s y r t e a a t l . o a l l ~ surreyad 80
fo r , though they m a t be r i a h w i t h hero-rtoneo, as tho
nelgbbouring roglons l i k e Dharraapurl urd Yorth Arcot have
y ls ld .6 r l c h nmalnr of bere-stones, iiowever, a fov
berO-StO~~ur have been reported from t h l e eroa, hro hero-
swneo a t l ' l r u o b a n w ~ w doted i n t h e 6tb end 10tb year
of .,uad8repmdyr have been repor tad, Ano ther hem-8 tone
from ;tel apa1ayaas7 tat.. t h a t t h i s hero-s tone ram g o t
engrav.6 by l c e r t a i n Vira - 6antnd.n in memory of t b e
d o r t b l o b a t t l a ol b l s f a t h r r Ivu3ai-Kanmgan, son of
interest in^ lnformatlon, I t reaord. t h e death of l hero
while he war S14htIng w i t h a bull, The roulp ta ro deplota
the hero'r f l g b t w i t h l bul l ,
Vary S w number of hero-rtonor w r e n o t l e d 6s
1n 26qn#lopet and L Q u U I ~ r 0 0 t , ~ do1mb.torod1 n d
55, P, Yankatarm nP.all- i ' rabrl fn8ar lp t ion8 found la s8l.r D i o t r i a t a - Tho Hindu dated 18,1,1979,
66, A n 8 m a d of A96041a 67, - m1 of 1987-86, bd, bnpr - Fob. l976 - pm36, 89. AH& 64 of lW74Y; l38 of L9le3-44; T h 1 a u 8 n l t J u l y S?9,
1976. 60, A h E 387 O? 1909; 106 of 191647.
61. h, l l a q r a u y ( U) - n~pp.=-84*
.o0 ~ i l g r l a ~ ~ d l r t r l ~ t r . Chi, 0.0 hero-swno f r o m
L - i ~ a y k k % l , ~ near Lalgudl i n 2rIoblr .pp . l l i d l a t r i a t
hra been r e p o t t d , the herole tone b e u l n g f l g u r e of a
brabean being piera .d by an u r o w n v r r t b e nwk, mention8
t h e dea th of a hero f i g h t i n g I n a r a i d b; . bmr o h 1 e f t J a
w i t h t h e :%van8 horsar c l u s l n d t h e d e r t r u a t l o n of a masha
i n M e k l r t regn81 y e u of 'iandlvrrmm, 'vbo obtained t h e
kinddo. d o f o a t i s g (Air a a m i r r ) a t rrll%pp'.
Thero are n i n e hero-stoner w l t b l n s a t 1 p t i o n r 64
w i t h suu lp tu re weto not1z.d near I ~ a v ? l . a g ~ l i n ':oril-
p r t t l taluk of Tinnelvel l y d i i t r i c t. 'Tho epigraph8 ?word
tho r r r t 0s of c o n f \ l c t r betweon ~ l r u n e l v e l l Pommrl and h i8
ant rf t a i n 'r 'engalarrfa. y ~ y Yrrarr r o l d l e r r lor t t h e i r
11 vor at t a r p i ero ing tho! r m r a l e r horra. Another h e t o -
stan. from kr.lbb 1. ~ r i v a l k u n t r ta luk r r l t t u r I n Vrg$elu.uWtr
c n & r r a t e r r reoordr t h e death of a horn i n 8 war.
Fuo hero-stoner bearlng Vaige&uttxr i n s o r l p t l o a r
d r t a b l r to tha Otb aen tu ry b. u. b8ve be- r o p o r t d f r o m
VI l l n m M I n 6 a l k u l r ta luk of iaoyakumrrl d l r t r i e t.
67 of tho be?-atoaor, d r tad i n t b e 117th yorr of f i r m j r b r l -
y-, rooordg tbo t vben tho Jberr foroar r ttaokod Karri-
kko;)rl - T l r d u - P u ~ n t i a a l , r Ulr i ) .$u rarmkr, iiqaklrti
of ~ e n i d r in Xo&u&r - . 6 g p m di d, & f a r no hoto-
atonor hrvo born repor t& from Mrdurrl, ;murfthrplrma,
~ r n J r v 6 r and 2uQukkottrl 41 r t r l a tr.
Fro8 the foregoing r ~ r v o y of hero-stoner it
appears t h a t they brvo a h i g h eone rn t r r t l un l n t h e north
weatern p e r t i o a r of T a m i l 'trdu, 1.6. l n the d i r t r l ? t s of
?ior th- Arcot a d L)brmrpurl C l E t r l a ts. T3e reeont dl$-
covory of h u n d r ~ l s of hero-stoner by t h o Dopartuomt of
AroRro~logy, i'unlln*.du bare o t r m g thon.8 t h i s point , n o
reason for the g ra r to r e v r i l r b i l i t y of hero-@ toner in
.,or.tb hrcot and Lbormrpurl d i a t r l c t r 1 r very 3 I ? f l c ~ l t to
explain, I t i s uoll-knova t h a t uharaapuri w l t b axtrenoly
h i l l y u e r t e r n p a r t formed the r ~ g t e of invasion of t h e
. \ a rn r t J I r chl of ta ina, more r r p o a l r l l y t h e Xolrabaa, Banas
and ~u&g88a a requent c r t t l r - r a i d s rbd border d l s p ~ tos were
t h o oomaon ocourrmoo I n t h e ragion l a those dsyr,
Ar a r l d e a r l i e r t h a t la Runrtdrr l a r # o aurrbrr
laf ~ o n a . 6 the p-plr o f tb l r locrlltf to o r r o t hrro-
swaor . Eooondly most of t h e hem-stonor la 9 o ~ t b Arcot w a n
and i ;hunrpur l d l s t r l c t d r r l r . 4 l a boaO?ar of heroer who
bled i n c r t t l o ra lds , 8uoh i n a t r n c e r prove t h a t o r t t l o
porhrgr tho o n l y form of woalth of tho pooplo la t h l s
rogloa during #I8 p; .r lod and I t bad thoro io ra proved to
be tho bone of uoatent103 batweon t b o r e r l d o n t r of var iour
v i l l a y e r e It 1s also r wall-know f w t t b r p t c a t t l o l l f t h g
h r r b e m mrrs .6 f o r t u r o of h l l l y tru? ts and mountain
r o ~ i o n s a l l over India anb o l s w h r r e , Thirdly I e a g u
11 t O r 8 t ~ : . . r t t o s t t h e probonur of b0?0lstOn08 i n t h l r region,
rbou t tho baro-atono rrl a d la m e w r y of Add yaman, tho
a ? i o i t a l n of Tr8lbGr. Mrlrlpadukrdrm a l s o r o f o r r t o tho
noro-rtoner ?mad la t h o h l l l t t r r o t belong to Turnlrn - tho o h l e f t r i n of t h l s togion, f l e c o l n s ~ l n n l ~ r la hi8
oommmtary on I 4 a l r i p r d . ~ r d * u montlons , . , -hr li-69 <;n.ng-a, lust r e t o r r e d vrr
probably t b o Dodern Cbangmm i n lVortb Araot d l r t r l c t , I t
Is + u y l n t o r e r t i n g to n o t e t b o t i n tbo very Z M O h u n d r d r
of h a m - r b n o r harm baoo repor ted rouoa t ly by tho a k t a
A eoaprrhaar ivr survey or t h e d i r t r i W t 1 0 n of
bar-rfonrs la &utb Ladl r has beon mado I n t b r prclriclrtr
pagar. kt u8 mu sera oome of t be ma Jor t n e 8 of hero-
rtoner, k'r om broadly e l r o r l f y the hero-stone8 into
tbrre types a r i o l l w r ,
Tbi8 type of horo-stoner a r e r c r r e e l y found
i n cmtb Indls, p r r t i o + l l r r l y i n Tat i l lrdu. 3nly r fou
such rpw1:zrns hrvr been reported. fn t h f s c r r o oalf
lncc r ip t l on r r r l r t l n j to tho dacearad he ro re# exploit$
rad rablevementr bare been fouab. They arm coop leUly
dwoid of any ~ u l p t u r a l r e p r 0 8 o a t a t 1 ~ 1 of t h e dead hrrora.
Suoh t ~ o of born-rtaner a r e r r p o r t d fro. Hlouarnthapuram 30
i n ~ a l m o i r t r i o t end tbe another a t i b i n i d k ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ la
Parur taluk of ~barmrpur l ~ i s t r i o t.
Oa t h e o o n t r e r t t o t h o above mentiemed type
of buo-s toner , vo bare q u i e t r p o d nuaber of hero-stoner
l n r t m c o .my beto-stonor d e p i c t h e m e ' # holding bow and
arrow or v i t h word and d a g l e r i n t h e i r hmdr, &ometiaer
thry deplc t beroot$ f i y b t l n g v i t h vi l d anlmala l l k r t i g e r
p ig8 em. / .
Shls type o f hero-stonor are Iwnd r o r t t r r d
throu@aut douth Irrdlb lhey q i v e many ln fo rmr t lon
r e g r r d l n g tbe n u * of t h e hero and a180 undrr v h & t a i m -
: tencea tbe nrro met w 1 tb h i s dea th eta, beside t h e
l a r o r i y t l o n r mu ilg t ~ r r l r e p r a s o n t a t l o n s of t h e d m a a ~ d
herooo are a l r o found, (see p l a t e Nor, $1-361
: i o w . r u , r f u r t h e r r t t r p t is r l m orbo i n tho
ruacreding pager on t b e typ4loay of hato-stoner on t h e bar1 a
of t h e yurposur o r ortlrlrr f o r t b e e r o a t t o n o f hero-stoner i n
79, Tbe mathor during the f f 8 l d work b u blraovered moh hero-8 Waer 8 t .my v1118g~a l i k e M8nl y u b a d l , :Born! bi , Sairnr tbw, 60 t t o r i m d u i n Harur t r l u k of Dhrrr rpur l D l r t r i a t . ( s e ~ ~ 6 s - Ib, I & 19, QO. 38)
z m t b tadla. I t bar beoa raid ea r l i e r that bvlring the
period, .art of the hero-stoner were r r i r d to r
tbose vho b i d l o the c a t t l t r r i d aaapalgrr. Ijut the
epl grrpbIc81 rraordr rhowr t h a t hero-stones were rrl8ed
for vwlour reasons urd causer. L A t US now OH sme of
tbe eampler.
A 8 vm have already learnt from k d O u l i t e r a tu re
that -st of the baro-rtoaer were ra16.d for those who
dl& in tbe r t t a g t of c r t t l e raldlng. *any hero-stone
lsrorlpt1onr 8180 rscord the death of heroer v h l l o c rp t*~r lng
or rmapturtng tbe c a t t l e from t h e enmier, Trtma - l i k e
w"' and .. 6- " In hem-stone
inrcrlpt lonr c l r r r l y show t h * t bow and when the pnrt loulrr
br ro met wf t h h i 8 daath. The former refers to the ~caarqon
v h a the hero ~ r ~ t a r . 6 the c a t t l e frob the enrailer 8.4 the
l a t t e r refers to the oocarfon whaa the hero recaptured the
o r t t l e t b . t vr8 loot to enemler. :ueb ac t of c a t t l e -
t . i d i n 8 war n o t aoaf in .6 to T u l l 3- aloae. In gar-
n a t d t r and Andhra .Jradeoh w gat numerous hero-otona8
r e s u d i n g tho doe tb of heroor I n c a t t l e - r e i d , 76
Ins t m c e r 77 - -
a r e found In 30rtb fadla.
& r t a t i r t l c a l a r u l y r l r rhowr tbot n e a r l y bW'
of the horo-stoner found i n T a m i l Tadu r#ordr t h e dea th
of beroer I n c a t t l e - r a i d , I t o l e a r l t rhowr t h e li:.portence
of the c a t t l e wea l th cad thrlr proved to be t h e ban. of
o o ~ t s n t l o n w a a t ha pooplo In thore dryr , 78
naro-staaer were 8110 r8l8td f o r t b r e who
d l 4 wbi ta a o w ~ n t e r i n g v l t h w i l d anloulr l i ka t ige r .
:uch hero-.; toass have bemn rapor tad f r o 8 gorth Amot
and b h r r u p u r l d l r t r l c t r of T 8 m i l 8.bu. ror i n 8 t a n ~ 0 a
hero-stone from ~ i & m t h u ~ i a r ~ ~ i n North lmot d l r t r l o t
d r t . d durioj t h e 3rd year of :~us iahev8rm.n record8 tho
dea th of a hero and el00 aantionr about tbe hero-stone
r a l ~ s d on the spot where h i s a a r t y r d u took plaao.
76. r ; . . ~ 175 193 me, mi, e o or imi-r.ai UM or iw3-at1 445 of hdl mu.
77. mmbw rirretteer Vol, I X - p u t f - ~ ~ 0 3 6 3 4 . &j, I. Vol, x u 1 - Par t VTI - Ju ly lQb6 - p,3W0
7 ior 8 detallmd r t u d y tho import8ace of cattle- t d d 8- tb@ iippmdlx YO, 1.
&other hem-@tone from h6 t t akk r lY) In Chew-
tala of S o r t b Aroot d l r t r l c t roaorbr, t h e b e r t h el r
b . r o nemed Vlnrrr,r.Qugra wh i l e f l g h t i a g w i t h r tt#er. Tho
r g t l p t u r o found t b o t o l n depic t r tho horolo f l g h t of t h o
hero v l t b r ti gar,
81 Yet m o t h e r boro-stone from ! 4 r n f y a b . b ~
v1 l l a g a i n Chrmrpur l d i r trlc t d e p i c t s t h e he ro - f igh t ing
k i t h r t i ge r . Tho hero l a r n o m a r p l r r c l n g the t iger
w i t h a rword, Beride thir r o u l p t a r r r f e w o a t t l r rapre-
rantlns b u l l r o r aou r ore a l r o rhova and t h r i n i l c r t i n g
t h a t v h l l r t h e hero s r v l n g h i # o r t t l e from t h e tlyrr bo
w a r u l l l o d i n t h t r t t ompt ( ta r , 21840 No, 5 8 S i m i l a r
typo of hero-r tonoa u a 8100 r o y o r t d from drde t tu r , a
cdis V ~ r a h r in i i i r rko ru r ta luk of ..hsrwrr d l r t r i c t and v r r rh s
135
in . l i rokerur t r l u k or .barwar J l r t r l c t a d 'duma l o
r?l&ym5r t r l u k a f "hi toor d i r t r l c t of Andhrr Srrderh.
61. P r r r b a i r s o v e r y aeda by t h e uthor. 82, R.Hr#rramy (Fd) Pharmapnri (alvettukkrl-TNC.3A-10 of 1973,
m. fbid - m5DA - 14 of 19m.
0 fbid - TNSCA - 11 of 19730
Jb. An& 609 a? 196d-69.
a* - 808 of 10%14Y,
Soao bere-atonor record tb* death of beroea
virile f i g h t i n 8 w i t h v l l d Pi#$, Wild p iaa a r o very
?.roelaus i n nak r re and thw oause i r . o o e 6.laage f o r
o u l t l t a t d orops l l k e #nwnd nut8 p rdd t e to , Suah typo
of hero-stone* a n r e p o r t d fro. h d d ~ f i r , ' ~ and
v.nk.tWuruw i n Dhuaapuri d i s t r i o t o f T r i l Y d o
(: 0. P la t* No, 23)
Horo-stones vo re alro re ird i n memory of
prrronr who los t t b e i r l i v e r w h i l e r r r l n q roan f o l k
I r o n n ~ l ~ a t a t l o n ~ Ibls haro-.tone f r o m 2h@.@8ma I n
. ;o r th /;mot d i r t r i c t reoordr t h a t Y a t u r i Ma~ i l*$ f l Ilembur
d i e d i n t h e Uourae of & w i n d .ome vomoa f r o m moleatation,
&other l a s o r i p t l a ~ be londng to t h e tlmo of 90
.Camprrulr.n from T, Ve13r i n tbo irmo t a l e rooords
thr t c e r t a i n f i l lam, 8 r e s i d e n t QI Kikontai n%ka died,
after r r r o u i n t h i s elder bro t h r r ' 8 dclgn t o r from robber@,
Hrrur t r l u k of i)barmrpuri d l r t r l o t l a S r m r d a language
rnb G b r r w t o r d r t d i n thr l b t b r o g n r l year of Vlrr
:,olanbr, r # o do t b e 608th of c e r t r l n P r 1 h r r son of
i u l iy rana , whi le defrodlng 6o.e wooon, wboa they were
s t r l p p o d of t h e i r b t e s r I, e. vhea t h e i r moorsty vrr about oe
W be o u t r r ~ m l . I. hero-stone from KarnrrtJIa #tat(,
rooordr t he dea th of r hero i n an a t tampt W rorcuo r vorran
from t he broclr 3f robberr. I t a180 rryr t h s t p rovls1oar
were r l r o aedo for tho offor t tag of food and f lower s e r v i c e
An0 t h e t i n t o r o s t i n 6 boro-stone comes from 93
.<%krlliir i n TI ruv r l l f l r t r l u k of 2hlnglep.t 31s t r l a t.
I t reoordr t h t .8 l lr lrI yr- thl thrrr t ym, r v r l l u v r n of
r:'.Y~alir l o s t h l r l i f e wh i l e f i g h t i n g a g a i n a t t b iove r
(hrllrr) on behalf of t bo .'e~maklcrl of t h e village, who
ardr r g r a n t of l a m o r &r l ipp r )$ i to h i 8 son, The atone
Qoatatnr t h o r o u l p t u r o of' t bo v u r i o r ~
Yoc m o t h o r hem-itone fro. b r ~ d l f i ~ ~ rooorda
tho dea th of r b e m rimed ii8Uy.n p l l l r l vho f o u & t b o r o l a r l l ~
r & . o i r t t h e highwry robber8 and k i l l e d b l t h a ,
Hue-atoars u u e 81$0 ra1a .d f o r W o e who d i e d
f o r a o r t a l o r e l l g i o u a o v u r e r or f o r c e r t a i n vowe, Yrrrgur-
d m and Uarb o ~ f e r i n g are roma of t b a 1ne t .ooaa for the
a r . o t i o n of hero-btoaar, Fhur hero i n r a r l p t ¶ o n n a r r
r1rutt&fdW d 8 t . d i n t h e aOtb y e a r of Kampavanan, roeorb8
r g i f t o f land moda by t h e 7r.r o f n m v . n d r to ?rf$ri
?ot)m for tha pious w t o t c u t t i n g off f l r r h from n l n a
p r r t a of h l r body and f l n r l l y h ¶ s herd rr a n o f f a r i n g to
t h e goddare I)Ur(a. Tbe he ro i s p o r t r a y e d 88 h o l d i n g h i 8
save red herd by tho OIft I n h i 8 l e f t hrad, v M l e the r i g h t
hrad g r r r p r r avord,
mere i s .a l n t a r e r t l a g hero-stone from &.nrrrn 86
t h u r r i i n ktUr t . h k of -8l.a s i s t r i c t ree3rds t h e d e a t h
of r hen, i n r b u l l - f l g b f at! ro? l lp tu re d r y l c t r t h a hero
f i g h t i n g w i t h r stout hll by h o l d i n g I ts hornr , Th i s
p r r c t l c e of f l q h t i n g v l t n b u l l r m r l l r tbr 860 o ld custom
of t h e m c l a n t Tamil w:eltl, In tho p r o t o r r l rrerr known
ar t h o p r a a t i c e o f t:ra V l d u t r l or 3- or
b u l l - f i g h t i n g war p r a v r l r n t d i r i n g t h e $&/aa hqa,
~ U e b tba par t la lpmtr ware to exhibit their 'hyrioal
prouerr by oapturlng the bull for the gurpose. 97
Hero-stoner rare not onlr rr1a.d to r human
being8 but dW for r a i ~ r l r l ike Dogr, In thore drys
do88 wore used for hunting and vrtahing purporer, Dogs
were also employed lor guarding herds, kt ur now ree
some of the ex.arple of the momor1818 rrlaed i n memory of
dogs*
86 A bwo-stone troll Mrththultf? In Ybengu
taluk of 3orth hmot J l r t r i c t rwordr the beroic r w t of
a boa a i l l . 6 S~v1v.n while saving the c a t t l e fro8 the
mupier a l o n ~ vl t h h l r mrrtrr. In th i r r t teapt h i s master
had dled, but a t i l l t h e dog was f i jh t lng back w i t h hlr
eaed me, ( : ee ?la t e No, ai
Yet another r a o r d from h a n JapirJO d l r t r l o t
reaordr t h a t 'folambadhlra Ja e r o a t d stone non?ament i n
seaory of his frvourlta dog oalled 3anga which hunted r
borr cad O l d beroleally l a the fight.
d a r e a rtooo t a b l e t boar8 t b e roptorentat ian of a bound
q d a boar flebtln#LOO, ~ n s e r ~ p t ~ o n 15~116 t h o ~ e l n
t.oor68 tho grant of l a d to t h s t stone .ad canbltador
that, "2f tbo Par... wbo rua8gea t h e g r m t of 18nd rboulb
f a l l to do wrrbip to t h a t stone, ha s h a l l 1n-r tb. 101
g ; ~ i l t of the s in aomal t td by the bound*.
Prom cha abova Ins tumem I t Is o l e a r t h a t
hero-stones were r.ir.4 In order to porpatua ta tho
marory o f those wbo gave ug tbaf s l l r r e Tor .ore good
a m a h klf g e r w n or beart w h o bere bone merl torlour or
heroio w t r w o i v o d 8 groat honour and t h i s refloatd
in tbo n n r a m e hero- toner found maattrred a11 over
b u t h Indl80
loo, FL I, VOL, V I - 60 and p l a t e facing t h r t pala.
1 0 - p.66.