W`c ;UfTReZ` R U Z Ec`XcR^d - who.int · 4muxyavonqwox^]2 fro pyvvyasxq zoyzvo z\y`snon sx`kv_klvo kn`smo kxn k]]s]^kxmo sx ^ro no`ovyzwox^ yp ^ro]o q_snovsxo]2 =y]r_k 4noxscs3 hsmox^sk

$Page 1: W`c ;UfTReZ` R U Z Ec`XcR^d - who.int · 4muxyavonqwox^]2 fro pyvvyasxq zoyzvo z\y`snon sx`kv_klvo kn`smo kxn k]]s]^kxmo sx ^ro noòvyzwox^ yp ^ro]o q_snovsxo]2 =y]r_k 4noxscs3 hsmox^sk$
=fZUV]Z_Vd W`c >VR]eY ;UfTReZ`_ R_U9`^^f_Zej B`SZ]ZkReZ`_

Z_ :cRTf_Tf]ZRdZd ;cRUZTReZ`_Ec`XcR^d

898TTCIk_da #UVRdTT_ee\i

LDGA: >;7AI> DG=7C?O7I?DC 9DAA78DG7I?C= 9;CI;G<DG G;H;7G9>& IG7?C?C=& 7C: ;G7:?97I?DC D< :G79JC9JA?7H?H

9;CI;GH <DG :?H;7H; 9DCIGDA7IA7CI7& =;DG=?7 -*---

OT IUTP[TIZOUT ]OZN

<]`SR] *(((

8RceVc 8V_eVc$ >_T&

()( -1+230'5-21 (*15*3(*15*34 +23 )-4*'4* (2153:

'5/'15' ,' $#$$$

Guidelines_Health_Education_and_Community_Mobilization_Dracunculiasis_Eradication_Programs_2.pdf 1Guidelines_Health_Education_and_Community_Mobilization_Dracunculiasis_Eradication_Programs_2.pdf 1 1/13/2014 2:55:47 PM1/13/2014 2:55:47 PM

4MUXYaVONQWOX^]2

FRO PYVVYaSXQ ZOYZVO Z\Y`SNON SX`KV_KLVO KN`SMO KXN K]]S]^KXMO SX ^RO NOÒVYZWOX^YP ^RO]O Q_SNOVSXO]2 =Y]R_K 4NOXScS3 HSMOX^SK 4QRLK3 =KWO] 4XNO\]OX3 ISVVSKW5\SOQO\3 4XN\Oa 6Y\MY\KX3 DSMRK\N 7OVKXOc3 @K\c 4XX 9OXVOc3 7YXKVN ;YZUSX]3D_LSXK <W^SKd3 >K\V >KZZ_]3 5K]SVO >YVVY3 @K\]RKVV >\O_Ô\3 =Y]OZR AKSWYVS3 >\S]ASMRYV]YX3 >K^Rc CK\UO\3 CRSVVSZO DKX[_O3 8\XO]^Y D_Sd&FSLOX3 6K^Rc ERYOWKUO\3KXN 6\KSQ IS^RO\]'

9_XNSXQ PY\ ^RO NOÒVYZWOX^ YP ^RO]O Q_SNOVSXO] aK] Z\Y`SNON Lc ^RO GXSÔNAK^SYX] 7OÒVYZWOX^ C\YQ\KW'


'! ,(#)$&$*

- )!"&&t'j/%'

%

G67@: C; 8CBG:BGF

ERXV

EcVWRTV +

ERce ?4 ?_ecÙfTeZ`_ -

9YRaeVc +4 :cRTf_Tf]ZRdZd4 IYV Ec`S]V^ R_U ?âRTe -

9YRaeVc ,4 >VR]eY ;UfTReZ`_ R_U 9`^^f_Zej B`SZ]ZkReZ`_ /

>VR]eY ;UfTReZ`_ /

9`^^f_Zej B`SZ]ZkReZ`_ 2

ERce ??4 AVRUVcdYZa 7TeZ`_d ++

9YRaeVc -4 @Vj G`]Vd W`c AVRUVcd Re eYV CReZ`_R] AVgV] +,

9YRaeVc .4 @Vj G`]Vd W`c AVRUVcd Re eYV GVXZ`_R] AVgV] ,+

9YRaeVc /4 @Vj G`]Vd W`c L`c\Vcd Re eYV 9`^^f_Zej

`c KZ]]RXV AVgV] ,1

GVWVcV_TVd --

7__ViVd -1

7__Vi +4 GVd`fcTV :`Tf^V_ed -2

7__Vi ,4 HRâ]V BVddRXVd& 9YR__V]d R_U BVeYÙd .0

7__Vi -4 ;iRâ]Vd `W KZdfR] 7aa]ZTReZ`_d .2

7__Vi .4 9`^^V^`cReZgV E`deRXV HeRâd /+

7__Vi /4 G`]Vd `W eYV >VR]eY ;UfTRe`c /,

7__Vi 04 9>?A:'e`'9YZ]U 7aa]ZTReZ`_ //

7__Vi 14 >VR]eY ;UfTReZ`_ W`c :cRTf_Tf]ZRdZd ;cRUZTReZ`_ /2


Ñ

Å

`+{(+ % Ä 8N`*`=*+i7% e@_)9:3*- mPc 2 e ` `* V B %h \ ag c5

Ä P*


DE:;68:

$$$NKGRZN KJ[IGZOUT%IUSS[d

TOZ_ SUHORO`GZOUT YNU[RJ HK

OTZXUJ[IKJ OTZU K\KX_

KTJKSOI IUSS[TOZ_ GY

W[OIQR_ GY VUYYOHRK$

<Xj\[ fe [fZld\ek\[ \m`[\eZ\ k_Xk [iXZleZlc`Xj`j &Alè\X nfid[`j\Xj\' ZXe Y\ \iX[`ZXk\[) Xe èk\ieXk`feXc ^fXc _Xj Y\\e j\k ]fi k_\\iX[`ZXk`fe f] k_\ [`j\Xj\ Yp .662+.Nf i\Xc`q\ k_`j glYc`Z _\Xck_ ^fXc) k_\]ìjk gi`fi`kp `j kf [\]è\ k_\ cfZXk`fe Xe[ èZ`[\eZ\ f] [iXZleZlc`Xj`j è\XZ_ X]]\Zk\[ Zflekip Xe[ \jkXYc`j_ Xe[ `dgc\d\ek eXk`feXc \iX[`ZXk`feXZk`fe gcXej+ N_\j\ gcXej Xi\ k_\ YXj`j ]fi Zffi[èXkè^ k_\ \]]fikj f]dlck`gc\ j\Zkfij Xk k_\ eXk`feXc) i\^`feXc)( Xe[ Zfddle`kp c\m\cj èZfleki`\j n_\i\ [iXZleZlc`Xj`j `j \e[\d`Z+

B\Xck_ \[lZXk`fe Xe[ Zfddle`kp dfY`c`qXk`fe Xi\ \jj\ek`Xc Zfdgfe\ekjf] X eXk`feXc [iXZleZlc`Xj`j \iX[`ZXk`fe gifîXd ]fi k_i\\ i\Xjfej7 &.'_\cgè^ X]]\Zk\[ m`ccX^\ij kf _\cg k_\dj\cm\j `j k_\ ^l`[è^ g_`cfjfg_p f][iXZleZlc`Xj`j \iX[`ZXk`fe gifîXdj) &/' _\Xck_ \[lZXk`fe Zfejk`klk\j k_\gi`dXip d\Xej k_ifl^_ n_`Z_ g\fgc\ ZXe [\m\cfg k_\ èZcèXk`fe Xe[ZXgXZ`kp kf kXb\ \]]\Zk`m\ gi\m\ek`m\ XZk`fej X^Xèjk k_`j [`j\Xj\) Xe[ &0'Zfddle`kp dfY`c`qXk`fe gifdfk\j XnXi\e\jj Xe[ XZk`m\ gXik`Z`gXk`fe èXcc jkX^\j f] gifîXd gcXeeè^ Xe[ `dgc\d\ekXk`fe n_`Z_) è klie)gifdfk\j k_\ cfe^*k\id i\è]fiZ\d\ek e\\[\[ ]fi \iX[`ZXk`fe+

I] k_\ k_i\\ dXè èk\im\ek`fej kf gi\m\ek [iXZleZlc`Xj`j &k_\ gifm`j`fe f]X jX]\ nXk\i jlggcp) _\Xck_ \[lZXk`fe,Zfddle`kp dfY`c`qXk`fe) Xe[Z_\d`ZXc Zfekifc f] Zfg\gf[ gfglcXk`fej') _\Xck_ \[lZXk`fe,Zfddle`kpdfY`c`qXk`fe `j k_\ dfjk `dgfikXek+ Hfk fecp `j `k k_\ m\_`Zc\ k_ifl^_n_`Z_ g\fgc\ c\Xie _fn kf gifk\Zk k_\dj\cm\j ]ifd k_\ [`j\Xj\) `k XcjfdfY`c`q\j jlggfik f] k_\ fk_\i knf df[\j f] èk\im\ek`fe+ @fi k_\j\i\Xjfej) _\Xck_ \[lZXk`fe,Zfddle`kp dfY`c`qXk`fe j_flc[ Y\ èkif[lZ\[èkf \m\ip \e[\d`Z Zfddle`kp Xj hl`Zbcp Xj gfjj`Yc\+

N_`j [fZld\ek `j [`m`[\[ èkf knf gXikj+ JXik C) k_\ Cekif[lZk`fe) Zfej`jkjf] knf Z_Xgk\ij7 =_Xgk\i . ^`m\j X [\jZi`gk`fe f] [iXZleZlc`Xj`j) `kj\]]\Zkj) Xe[ jfd\ XggifXZ_\j k_Xk _Xm\ Y\\e \]]\Zk`m\ è gi\m\ekè^ Xe[\iX[`ZXkè^ k_\ [`j\Xj\+ Ce =_Xgk\i / k_\ k\idj _\Xck_ \[lZXk`fe Xe[Zfddle`kp dfY`c`qXk`fe Xi\ [\]è\[ n`k_è k_\ Zfek\ok f] X [iXZleZlc`Xj`j\iX[`ZXk`fe gifîXd+ JXik CC) F\X[\ij_`g ;Zk`fej) Zfej`jkj f] k_i\\Z_Xgk\ij7 =_Xgk\i 0 [\jZi`Y\j k_\ b\p ifc\j Xe[ jl^^\jk\[ XZk`fej k_Xke\\[ kf Y\ ZXii`\[ flk Yp k_fj\ i\jgfej`Yc\ ]fi Xjjliè^ k_\ \]]\Zk`m\gcXeeè^) `dgc\d\ekXk`fe Xe[ \mXclXk`fe f] _\Xck_ \[lZXk`fe Xe[Zfddle`kp dfY`c`qXk`fe Xk k_\ eXk`feXc c\m\c+ =_Xgk\ij 1 Xe[ 2 flkcè\ k_\

#=VcVRWeVc$ eYV eVc^ mcVXZ`_R]n eYc`fXY`fe eYZd U`Tf^V_e hZ]] cVWVc e` eY`dV

[fcZdUZTeZ`_R] R_U XV`XcRaYZT dVTe`cd eYRe dVcgV Rd eYV ]Z_\ SVehVV_ eYV

_ReZ`_R] ]VgV] R_U eYV ]`TR] ]VgV]2 eYV T`^^f_Zej `c gZ]]RXV& 9VaV_UZ_X fa`_

eYV T`f_ecj$ mcVXZ`_R]n RTeZgZeZVd ^Rj cVWVc e` RTeZ`_d TRccZVU `fe Sj R deReV$

ac`gZ_TV$ UZdecZTe$ dVTe`c$ `c ]`TR] X`gVc_^V_e RcVR !@<6"&

)


;dXST[X]Tb Uâ <TP[cW 9SdRPcX^] 7â]\d]X[hA^QX[XiPcX^]

ifc\j Xe[ jl^^\jk\[ XZk`fej ]fi _\Xck_ \[lZXk`fe Xe[ Zfddle`kpdfY`c`qXk`fe Xk k_\ i\^`feXc Xe[ cfZXc c\m\cj) i\jg\Zk`m\cp+

N_\j\ ^l`[\cè\j ]fi _\Xck_ \[lZXk`fe Xe[ Zfddle`kp dfY`c`qXk`fe Xi\èk\e[\[ kf Y\ lj\[ è ZfealeZk`fe n`k_ k_i\\ fk_\i j\kj f] ^l`[\cè\j[\m\cfg\[ Yp k_\ Qfic[ B\Xck_ Ii^Xe`qXk`fe =fccXYfiXkè^ =\ek\i ]fiL\j\XiZ_) NiXèè^) Xe[ ?iX[`ZXk`fe f] >iXZleZlc`Xj`j Xk k_\ O+M+ =\ek\ij]fi >`j\Xj\ =fekifc(7

p ,D945;9=5B 6>A *5E5;>?9=7 1 .;1= >6 (3C9>= 6>A *A13D=3D;91B9B+A14931C9>= .A>7A1<B

I ,D945;9=5B 6>A /DAE59;;1=35 9= *A13D=3D;91B9B +A14931C9>= .A>7A1<B

p ,D945;9=5B 6>A )85<931; )>=CA>; >6 )>?5?>4 .>?D;1C9>=B -=*A13D=3D;91B9B +A14931C9>= .A>7A1<B

;ck_fl^_ gi\j\ek\[ _\i\ è k_\ Zfek\ok f] k_\ gi\m\ek`fe Xe[ \iX[`ZXk`fef] [iXZleZlc`Xj`j) Zfddle`kp dfY`c`qXk`fe Xe[ _\Xck_ \[lZXk`fe Xi\èk\îXc \c\d\ekj f] P]h i\jgfej`Yc\ gi\m\ek`fe Xe[ Zfekifc gifîXd+N_\i\]fi\) Yp Zfdd`kkè^ i\jfliZ\j Xe[ gfc`Z`\j kf jlggfik Zfddle`kpdfY`c`qXk`fe Xe[ _\Xck_ \[lZXk`fe ]fi k_\ \iX[`ZXk`fe f] [iXZleZlc`Xj`j)gfc`k`ZXc c\X[\ij n`cc Y\ j`dlckXe\fljcp Zi\Xkè^ fi jki\e^k_\eè^ k_\è]iXjkilZkli\ e\\[\[ kf X[[i\jj fk_\i gi`fi`kp glYc`Z _\Xck_ gifYc\dj\]]\Zk`m\cp+

#FVV 6__Vi ) W`c R ScZVW UVdTcZaeZ`_ `W eYVdV XfZUV]Z_Vd R_U Z_decfTeZ`_d W`c

`SeRZ_Z_X eYV^&

>


D6EG >2 >BGEC9H8G>CB

8YRaeVc )& 9E68HB8H@>6F>F2 G=: DEC7@:A 6B9 >AD68G

>iXZleZlc`Xj`j X]]\Zkj Xe \jk`dXk\[ 0 kf 2 d`cc`fe g\ijfej g\i p\Xi) n`k_.1- d`cc`fe g\fgc\ Xk i`jb è ;]i`ZX Xe[ ;j`X+ Ck `j ZXlj\[ Yp k_\ gXiXj`k\)8aPRd]Rd[db \TSX]TbXb$ Xe[ kiXejd`kk\[ Yp k_\ è^\jk`fe f] nXk\iZfekXèè^ ZpZcfgf`[ Zfg\gf[j &k_\ èk\id\[`Xk\ _fjk') n_`Z_ _XiYfi k_\è]\Zk`m\ jkX^\ f] k_\ gXiXj`k\+ N_\ [`j\Xj\ èZXgXZ`kXk\j `kj m`Zk`dj Xe[ `jm\ip gXè]lc+

2XGI[TI[ROGYOY OY GT

OTJOIGZUX ULVU\KXZ_"

VXOSGXOR_ GLLKIZOTM

OTNGHOZGTZY ULVUUX X[XGR

GXKGY ]OZNU[Z GIIKYY ZU YGLK

YU[XIKY UL]GZKX$

N_\ kiXejd`jj`fe f] k_\ [`j\Xj\ ZXe Y\ \]]\Zk`m\cp èk\iilgk\[ YpleZfdgc`ZXk\[ èk\im\ek`fej+ ;[lck ZpZcfgf`[ Zfg\gf[j &jdXcc nXk\i]c\Xj fi }ZpZcfgj~' Xi\ .*0 d`cc`d\k\ij cfe^) m`j`Yc\ kf k_\ eXb\[ \p\) Xe[ZXe Y\ ]`ck\i\[ flk f] [ièbè^ nXk\i n`k_ X g`\Z\ f] Zcfk_+ Ce Zfddle`k`\jn`k_ Zc\Xe) gifk\Zk\[ nXk\i jlggc`\j k_Xk Zfddle`kp d\dY\ij iflkè\cplj\) k_\ [`j\Xj\ `j efe\o`jk\ek+ Ce X]]\Zk\[ Zfleki`\j) k_\ i\cXk`fej_`gY\kn\\e lejX]\ nXk\i jfliZ\j Xe[ [iXZleZlc`Xj`j `j jf Zcfj\ k_Xk k_\èZ`[\eZ\ f] k_\ [`j\Xj\ ZXe Y\ lj\[ Xj Xe è[`ZXkfi f] k_\ jlZZ\jj f]nXk\i jlggcp gifa\Zkj è X]]\Zk\[ Xi\Xj+

>liè^ k_\ fe\*p\Xi èZlYXk`fe fi îfnè^ g\i`f[ è k_\ _ldXe _fjk) k_\X[lck ]\dXc\ nfid dfm\j kf X gfj`k`fe le[\i k_\ jbè f] k_\ X]]c`Zk\[g\ijfe+ N_\e k_\ gXiXj`k\ ZXlj\j X gXè]lc Yc`jk\i kf ]fid) ljlXccp fe k_\cfn\i c\^ fi ]ffk+ Q_\e k_\ g\ijfe `dd\ij\j k_\ X]]\Zk\[ Yf[p gXik ènXk\i) k_\ Yc`jk\i Yi\Xbj) Xe[ k_\ nfid `j \ogfj\[ i\c\Xjè^ _le[i\[j f]k_fljXe[j f] kèp ]ìjk*jkX^\ cXimX\ èkf k_\ nXk\i+ N_\ X[lck ]\dXc\ nfid`j ZXgXYc\ f] i\c\Xjè^ cXimX\ fe i\g\Xk\[ \ogfjli\j kf nXk\i+

Mfd\ f] k_\ cXimX\ [\gfj`k\[ è k_\ nXk\i Xi\ è^\jk\[ Yp k_\ Zfg\gf[jn_\i\ k_\p c`m\ Xe[ [\m\cfg èkf k_ì[*jkX^\ cXimX\ X]k\i .-*.1 [Xpj+ Iecpk_\j\ k_ì[*jkX^\ cXimX\ Xi\ è]\Zk`m\ kf g\fgc\+

;]k\i g\fgc\ [ièb nXk\i ZfekXèè^ è]\Zk\[ Zfg\gf[j) ^Xjki`Z al`Z\j èk_\ jkfdXZ_ b`cc k_\ Zfg\gf[j) Xccfnè^ k_\ è]\Zk`m\ cXimX\ kf \jZXg\+N_\j\ cXimX\ d`îXk\ kf k_\ jdXcc èk\jkè\) g\e\kiXk\ k_ifl^_ k_\èk\jkèXc nXcc Xe[ c`m\ è k_\ XY[fd\e+ GXc\ Xe[ ]\dXc\ cXimX\ i\XZ_dXkli`kp X]k\i XYflk 6-*./- [Xpj) n_\e dXkè^ fZZlij+ N_\i\X]k\i) k_\]\dXc\ Zfekèl\j kf îfn èkf Xe X[lck nfid+ >liè^ k_`j k`d\ k_\ X[lck]\dXc\ dfm\j kfnXi[ k_\ cfn\i c`dYj Xe[ \d\i^\j X]k\i XYflk .-*.1dfek_j+

Ck ljlXccp kXb\j j\m\iXc n\\bj ]fi k_\ X]]c`Zk\[ g\ijfe kf Zfdgc\k\cp \okiXZkk_\ nfid+ >liè^ k_`j k`d\ k_\ g\ijfe `j [`jXYc\[ fi è gXè) f]k\e ]ifdè]\Zk`fe i\jlckè^ ]ifd k_\ nfid Xj `k \d\i^\j ]ifd Xe XYjZ\jj fi ]ifdè]cXddXk`fe f] k_\ afèkj+ M\Zfe[Xip YXZk\i`Xc è]\Zk`fej Xi\ Zfddfe

!


;dXST[X]Tb Uâ

Xe[ ljlXccp gifcfe^ Xe[ Zfdgc`ZXk\ i\Zfm\ip+ N\kXelj ZXe [\m\cfg) Xjn\cc Xj ]ifq\e afèkj Xe[ g\idXe\ek Zi`ggcè^+ N_\ nfidj [f efk jlim`m\è g\fgc\ ]fi dfi\ k_Xe fe\ p\Xi+ N_\p \`k_\i jli]XZ\ k_ifl^_ k_\ jbèXe[ Xi\ \okiXZk\[) fi [`\ èj`[\ k_\ Yf[p+

>iXZleZlc`Xj`j `j Xe è[`ZXkfi f] gfm\ikp) gi`dXi`cp X]]\Zkè^ è_XY`kXekj f]gffi iliXc Xi\Xj n`k_flk XZZ\jj kf jX]\ jfliZ\j f] nXk\i+ Ck `j n\cc[fZld\ek\[ k_Xk k_\ [`j\Xj\ èZXgXZ`kXk\j XYc\ nfib\ij ]fi cfe^ g\i`f[j[\g\e[è^ lgfe k_\ eldY\i f] nfidj Xe[ n_\i\ k_\p \d\i^\+ Mkl[`\jZfdgXiè^ k_\ \]]\Zkj f] k_\ [`j\Xj\ fe jZ_ffc*X^\ Z_`c[i\e i\m\Xc k_Xkn_\i\ [iXZleZlc`Xj`j `j \e[\d`Z) glg`cj d`jj lg kf /2 g\iZ\ek f] k_\jZ_ffc p\Xi ZfdgXi\[ kf /+2 g\iZ\ek è efe*\e[\d`Z Xi\Xj+/ M`d`cXicp)dXep ]Xid\ij Xi\ leXYc\ kf gcXek fi _Xim\jk k_\ì Zifgj) Xe[ dfk_\ij Xi\gi\m\ek\[ ]ifd elijè^ fi ZXiè^ ]fi k_\ì pfle^ Z_`c[i\e Y\ZXlj\ f] k_\[`j\Xj\+0


DPac =2 =]ca^SdRcX^]

8YRaeVc *& =:6@G= :9H86G>CB 6B9 8CAAHB>GLAC7>@>M6G>CB

ANUYK XKYVUTYOHRKLUX

GVVR_OTM ZNKYK YZXGZKMOKY"

XKMGXJRKYY UL]NKZNKX ZNOY OY

GZ ZNK TGZOUTGR" XKMOUTGR" UX

IUSS[TOZ_ RK\KR" YNU[RJ QKKV

OT SOTJ ZNGZ ZNKOX KLLUXZY GXK

GT OTZKMXGRVGXZ ULGT U\KXGRR

TGZOUTGRVRGT ULGIZOUT$

N_`j Z_Xgk\i gi\j\ekj fg\iXk`feXc [\]è`k`fej f] _\Xck_ \[lZXk`fe Xe[Zfddle`kp dfY`c`qXk`fe Xe[ Yi`\]cp i\m`\nj ZfeZ\gkj k_Xk Xi\ ]le[Xd\ekXckf le[\ijkXe[è^ k_\ ifc\ f] \XZ_ è X [iXZleZlc`Xj`j gi\m\ek`fe Xe[\iX[`ZXk`fe gifîXd+ N_fj\ i\jgfej`Yc\ ]fi k_\ Xggc`ZXk`fe f] k_\j\jkiXk\^`\j) i\^Xi[c\jj f] n_\k_\i k_`j `j Xk k_\ eXk`feXc) i\^`feXc) fiZfddle`kp c\m\c) j_flc[ b\\g è dè[ k_Xk k_\ì \]]fikj Xi\ Xe èk\îXc gXikf] Xe fm\iXcc eXk`feXc gcXe f] XZk`fe kf \iX[`ZXk\ [iXZleZlc`Xj`j+ @`^li\ .`ccljkiXk\j _fn j\c\Zk\[ _\Xck_ \[lZXk`fe Xe[ Zfddle`kp dfY`c`qXk`feXZk`m`k`\j Zfeki`Ylk\ kf k_\ b\p jk\gj f] X eXk`feXc \iX[`ZXk`fe gcXe f]XZk`fe Xj [\jZi`Y\[ è k_\ ,D945;9=5B 6>A *5E5;>?9=7 1 .;1= >6 (3C9>= 6>A*A13D=3D;91B9B +A14931C9>= .A>7A1<B#

=:6@G= :9H86G>CB

N_\ gi\m\ek`fe Xe[ lck`dXk\ \iX[`ZXk`fe f] [iXZleZlc`Xj`j Xi\ [\g\e[\eklgfe k_\ 3>;;53C9E5 1=4 9=49E94D1; 2581E9>AB >6 ?5AB>=B \ogfj\[ kflejX]\ [ièbè^ nXk\i+ <p dXbè^ \]]\Zk`m\ gi\m\ek`m\ giXZk`Z\j k_\ ljlXcY\_Xm`fi è \e[\d`Z Xi\Xj) [iXZleZlc`Xj`j ZXe Y\ \iX[`ZXk\[+ N_\i\ `j\m`[\eZ\ k_Xk Zfddle`kp*YXj\[ _\Xck_ \[lZXk`fe gifîXdj ZXe gif[lZ\Y\_Xm`fiXc Z_Xe^\j XjjfZ`Xk\[ n`k_ `dgifm\[ _\Xck_ jkXklj) èZcl[è^ k_\gi\m\ek`fe f] [iXZleZlc`Xj`j+1%3 N_\ gfk\ek`Xc gfn\i f] _\Xck_ \[lZXk`fenXj [\dfejkiXk\[ è k_i\\ m`ccX^\j f] jflk_n\jk\ie <libèX @Xjf è k_\\Xicp .65-j+ Ojè^ fecp _\Xck_ \[lZXk`fe kf gifdfk\ k_\ lj\ f] Zcfk_]`ck\ij) k_\ èZ`[\eZ\ f] [iXZleZlc`Xj`j è k_\ k_i\\ m`ccX^\j nXj i\[lZ\[]ifd 3/+-#) 2/+4#) Xe[ 11+5# i\jg\Zk`m\cp) kf q\if è knf p\Xij+4

BYOTMUTR_ NKGRZN KJ[IGZOUT

ZUVXUSUZK ZNK [YK ULIRUZN

LORZKXY" ZNK OTIOJKTIK UL

JXGI[TI[ROGYOY OT ZNK ZNXKK

\ORRGMKY ]GY XKJ[IKJLXUS

+($& " *($, " GTJ ))$-

XKYVKIZO\KR_" ZU `KXU OT Z]U

_KGXY$

N_\ jfZ`Xc) ZlckliXc Xe[ \Zfefd`Z Zfe[`k`fej f] c`mè^ mXip ]ifdZfddle`kp kf Zfddle`kp Xe[ m`ccX^\ kf m`ccX^\+ N_\i\]fi\) k_\ kXjb f]Z_Xe^è^ Y\_Xm`fij Xdfe^ gfglcXk`fej i\hlì\j ZXi\]lc Xjj\jjd\ek Xe[gcXeeè^ n_`Z_ \eXYc\ _\Xck_ nfib\ij kf j\c\Zk k_\ d\k_f[j dfjk c`b\cp kfjlZZ\\[ è X ^`m\e Zfddle`kp+

B\Xck_ \[lZXk`fe dXp Y\ [\]è\[ Xj _[P]]TS [TPa]X]V Tg_TaXT]RTb P]S

b^RXP[ PRcX^]b !X]R[dSX]V R^\\d]Xch \^QX[XiPcX^]" c^ T]PQ[T _T^_[T

c^ VPX] P] d]STabcP]SX]V P]S R^]ca^[ êTa R^]SXcX^]b cWPc PUUTRc cWTXa

WTP[cW P]S cWT WTP[cW bcPcdb Û ^cWTab&

;e \]]\Zk`m\ eXk`feXc [iXZleZlc`Xj`j \iX[`ZXk`fe gifîXd n`cc i\hlì\ XeXZk`m\ _\Xck_ \[lZXk`fe Zfdgfe\ek è Xcc Zfddle`k`\j Xe[ m`ccX^\j n_\i\k_\ [`j\Xj\ `j \e[\d`Z+ Bfn\m\i) `k `j \hlXccp `dgfikXek kf dXb\ Z\ikXèk_Xk k_\ Zfdd`kd\ek kf _\Xck_ \[lZXk`fe) èZcl[è^ k_\ i\è]fiZ\d\ek f]b\p gi\m\ek`fe d\jjX^\j) `j PRcXeT[h _a^\^cTS Qh [TPSTab Pc cWT

]PcX^]P[ P]S aTVX^]P[ [TeT[b&

{


;dXST[X]Tb Uâ <TP[cW 9 S d R N

;ZXfcV )2 :iRâ]Vd `W =VR]eY :UfTReZ`_ R_U 8`^^f_Zej A`SZ]ZkReZ`_ 6TeZgZeZVd Z_ eYV

8`_eVie `W eYV ?Vj FeVad Z_ R BReZ`_R] D]R_ `W 6TeZ`_ W`c eYV :cRUZTReZ`_ `W 9cRTf_Tf]ZRdZd

=VR]eY :UfTReZ`_ 6TeZ`_d FeVad Z_ eYV BReZ`_R] D]R_

C[\ek`]p ^\e\iXc Y\_Xm`fiXcXe[ \[lZk`fe fYa\Zk`m\j

C[\ek`]p b\p gi\m\ek`fed\jjX^\j

;jj\jj \o`jkè^) e\\[\[\[lZXk`feXc i\jfliZ\j

?jkXYc`j_ X giXZk`ZXc\mXclXk`fe gcXe ]fi _\Xck_\[lZXk`fe

;`c^f]ReV D]R_ `W 6TeZ`_

;eXcpq\ j`klXk`fe &`[\XccpYXj\[ fe eXk`feXc ZXj\j\XiZ_\j'+

>\k\idè\ fYa\Zk`m\j+

>\k\idè\ jlim\`ccXeZ\ gcXe+

C[\ek`]p iXe^\ f]èk\im\ek`fej+

M\c\Zk gifîXd jkilZkli\+

>\k\idè\ d\k_f[j f]\mXclXk`fe+

8`^^f_Zej A`SZ]ZkReZ`_6TeZ`_d

B\`^_k\e glYc`Z XnXi\e\jj+

GfY`c`q\ èk\ij\ZkfiXceXk`feXc gXike\ij_`gj+

>`jj\dèXk\ b\p gi\m\ek`fejkiXk\^`\j+

B\Xck_ \[lZXk`fe kiXèè^

>\c`m\i _\Xck_ \[lZXk`fek\Z_e`ZXc Xjj`jkXeZ\

;ggcp _\Xck_ \[lZXk`fe gif*îXdj ljè^ dlck`gc\d\k_f[j

Gfe`kfi XmX`cXY`c`kp Xe[XZZ\jj`Y`c`kp f] _\Xck_\[lZXk`fe gifîXdj+

Gfe`kfi \ogfjli\ kf _\Xck_\[lZXk`fe+

Gfe`kfi Z_Xe^\ ègi\m\ek`m\ Y\_Xm`fij+

>â]V^V_eReZ`_

Mlim\`ccXeZ\ f] XZk`m`k`\j

Ji\m\ek`fe Xe[ ZfekifcXZk`m`k`\j

:gR]fReZ`_

;jj\jj \]]\Zk`m\e\jj f]gifîXd Xe[ df[`]p Xje\Z\jjXip+

GfY`c`q\ i\^`feXc Xe[Zfddle`kp XnXi\e\jj+

Jifdfk\ i\^`feXc Xe[Zfddle`kp jlggfik+

GfY`c`q\ Zffg\iXk`feXdfe^ dlck`gc\ j\Zkfij è\e[\d`Z Xi\Xj+

9`Tf^V_eReZ`_ `W RSdV_TV`W ecR_d^ZddZ`_&

?[lZXk\ Zfddle`kpd\dY\ij XYflk jg\Z`]`ZXZk`fej k_\p ZXe kXb\ kf7&.' ZXi\ ]fi XZk`m\ ZXj\j)Xe[ &/' gifk\Zk k_\ nXk\ijlggcp+

=fe[lZk XZk`m\ ZXj\j\XiZ_\j è cfZXc`k`\j ]fik_i\\ p\Xij X]k\i fZZlii\eZ\f] cXjk [fZld\ek\[è[`^\eflj ZXj\+

Jifdfk\ glYc`Z jlggfik kfZXi\ ]fi Xe[ ki\Xk XZk`m\ZXj\j+

8VceZWZTReZ`_ `W:cRUZTReZ`_



CORRGMKXY SG_VKXIKO\K ZNGZ

ZNK_ NG\K TU aINUOIKYb

HKIG[YK ZNK UTR_ YU[XIK UL

JXOTQOTM ]GZKX OY

IUTZGSOTGZKJ$ ?KM[RGX GTJ

IUXXKIZ [YK ULIRUZNLORZKXY

JUKYVXU\OJK G \OGHRK"

GRZKXTGZO\K INUOIK$ ANKXKLUXK"

NKGRZN KJ[IGZOUT TUZ UTR_

YKX\KY GY ZNKVXOSGX_ \KNOIRK

ZU SGQK \ORRGMKXY G]GXK ZNGZ

ZNK_ NG\K G aINUOIK"b OZ OY

GRYU ZNK SKGTY H_ ]NOIN ZNK_

]ORR RKGXT NU] ZU GIZ UT ZNGZ

INUOIK$

L\j\XiZ_ Xe[ \og\i`\eZ\ Zfe]ìdj k_Xk k_\ Y\_Xm`fij k_Xk è]cl\eZ\ _\Xck_jkXklj Xi\ cXi^\cp j_Xg\[) df[`]`\[ Xe[ dXèkXè\[ Yp k_\ jfZ`Xc Xe[\emìfed\ekXc ]fiZ\j gi\j\ek n_\i\ g\fgc\ c`m\ Xe[ nfib+ N_\i\]fi\) `k `j`dg\iXk`m\ k_Xk k_fj\ i\jgfej`Yc\ ]fi gifdfkè^ _\Xck_ le[\ijkXe[ Xe[X[[i\jj k_fj\ ]fiZ\j è X ^`m\e kXi^\k gfglcXk`fe Y\]fi\ [\m\cfgè^ XgcXe kf Z_Xe^\ è[`m`[lXc Y\_Xm`fij fi \emìfed\ekXc Zfe[`k`fej è k_XkgfglcXk`fe+

<\]fi\ fe\ ZXe [\k\idè\ n_`Z_ _\Xck_ \[lZXk`fe d\k_f[j Xi\ dfjk c`b\cpkf Y\ \]]\Zk`m\ ]fi X ^`m\e gfglcXk`fe fi ZìZldjkXeZ\) X ZXi\]lc [`Xêfj`jf] k_\ _\Xck_ gifYc\d è k_Xk gfglcXk`fe dljk Y\ dX[\+ Dljk Xj Xg_pj`Z`Xe j_flc[ efk X[dè`jk\i X d\[`ZXk`fe fi g\i]fid jli^\ip n`k_flkXe Xggifgi`Xk\ [`Xêfj`j f] k_\ _\Xck_ gifYc\d Xe[ Xjj\jjd\ek f] k_\gXk`\ek) e\`k_\i ZXe k_\ _\Xck_ \[lZXkfi è`k`Xk\ \[lZXk`feXc èk\im\ek`fejlek`c k_\ gi`fi`kp Y\_Xm`fij) èZcl[è^ k_\ì gifYXYc\ gi\Zlijfij) Xi\ n\ccle[\ijkff[+ >\m\cfgè^ gifîXdj YXj\[ fe gi\Z`j\ Xe[j`klXk`fe*jg\Z`]`Z è]fidXk`fe ZXe dXb\ k_\ [`]]\i\eZ\ Y\kn\\e gifîXdjk_Xk Xi\ \]]\Zk`m\ Xe[ k_fj\ k_Xk Xi\ efk+

A\e\iXccp) \]]\Zk`m\ _\Xck_ \[lZXk`fe Zfej`jkj f] ]fli YXj`Z jk\gj7 &.'`[\ek`]pè^ kXi^\k Y\_Xm`fij) &/' Xjj\jjè^ k_\ i\Xjfej ]fi k_fj\Y\_Xm`fij) &0' Z_ffjè^ Xe[ `dgc\d\ekè^ \[lZXk`feXc jkiXk\^`\j[\j`ê\[ kf Z_Xe^\ k_\ kXi^\k Y\_Xm`fij) Xe[ &1' \mXclXkè^ i\jlckj+ N_`jgifZ\jj `j [\jZi`Y\[ è =_Xgk\i 2+

Q_\k_\i Xk k_\ eXk`feXc) i\^`feXc) fi Zfddle`kp c\m\c) k_fj\ i\jgfej`Yc\]fi _\Xck_ \[lZXk`fe è [iXZleZlc`Xj`j \iX[`ZXk`fe gifîXdj j_flc[ Xcjfle[\ijkXe[ j\m\iXc fk_\i ZfeZ\gkj k_Xk Xi\ ]le[Xd\ekXc kf \]]\Zk`m\ _\Xck_\[lZXk`fe giXZk`Z\+

.' ; YXj`Z VeYZT le[\icpè^ _\Xck_ \[lZXk`fe `j }Z_Xe^\ Yp Z_f`Z\+~<\ZXlj\ k_\ è[`m`[lXc Xe[ Zfcc\Zk`m\ XZk`fej f] g\fgc\ Xi\ jf YXj`Z kfk_\ gi\m\ek`fe f] [iXZleZlc`Xj`j) X Zfdd`kd\ek kf mfclekXip Y\_Xm`fiZ_Xe^\ Xe[ Zfddle`kp gXik`Z`gXk`fe `j \jj\ek`Xc+ Ck `j `dgfikXek kfefk\ k_Xk m`ccX^\ij dXp g\iZ\`m\ k_Xk k_\p _Xm\ ef }Z_f`Z\j~ Y\ZXlj\k_\ fecp jfliZ\ f] [ièbè^ nXk\i `j ZfekXdèXk\[+ L\^lcXi Xe[Zfii\Zk lj\ f] Zcfk_ ]`ck\ij [f\j gifm`[\ X m`XYc\) Xck\ieXk`m\ Z_f`Z\+N_\i\]fi\) _\Xck_ \[lZXk`fe efk fecp j\im\j Xj k_\ gi`dXip m\_`Zc\ kfdXb\ m`ccX^\ij XnXi\ k_Xk k_\p _Xm\ X Z_f`Z\) `k `j Xcjf k_\ d\XejYp n_`Z_ k_\p n`cc c\Xie _fn kf XZk fe k_Xk Z_f`Z\+

/' IYV f]eZ^ReV X`R] W YVR]eY VUfTReZ`_ Zd eYV dR^V Rd eYRe `W R]]afS]ZT YVR]eY Z_eVcgV_eZ`_d4 e` Zâc`gV bfR]Zej `W ]ZWV R_U acVgV_ef__VTVddRcj UVReY& UZdVRdV& R_U UZdRSZ]Zej(

-$ IYV daVTZWZT R_U ^`de Z^^VUZReV X`R] W YVR]eY VUfTReZ`_ Z_ R_ReZ`_R] VcRUZTReZ`_ ac`XcR^ Zd e` WRTZ]ZeReV R_U ac`^èV dRWV hReVcacRTeZTVd R^`_X eY`dV hY` ]ZgV Z_ RcVRd hYVcV UcRTf_Tf]ZRdZd Zd

V_UV^ZT(

/


;dXST[X]Tb Uâ <TP[cW 9 S d R P cX^ ]

a1USS[TOZ_ SUHORO`GZOUTb

XKLKXY ZU G VRGTTKJ YZXGZKM_

]NKXKOT GRR YKIZUXY ULG

IUSS[TOZ_" OTIR[JOTM OZY

RKGJKXY GTJ ZNK MKTKXGR

VUV[RGZOUT" JKIRGXK

JXGI[TI[ROGYOY GT [XMKTZ"

VXOUXOZ_ ZNXKGZ ZU ZNKOX W[GROZ_

ULROLK GTJ [TJKXZGQK

IUUXJOTGZKJ" IURRKIZO\K GIZOUTY

ZU KXGJOIGZK OZ$

1' N_\ \Vj d\Z]]d e\\[\[ kf gcXe Xe[ `dgc\d\ek Xe \]]\Zk`m\ _\Xck_\[lZXk`fe gifîXd kf gi\m\ek Xe[ \iX[`ZXk\ [iXZleZlc`Xj`j èZcl[\7

v X nfibè^ befnc\[^\ f] Yfk_ k_\ g\fgc\ Xe[ i\c\mXek Zljkfdjè k_\ Xi\X Xe[ f] [iXZleZlc`Xj`j) èZcl[è^ `kj df[\ f]kiXejd`jj`fe Xe[ k_\ nXpj kf gi\m\ek `k+

v k_\ XY`c`kp kf `[\ek`]p k_\ df[`]`XYc\ Y\_Xm`fij Xe[\emìfed\ekXc Zfe[`k`fej XjjfZ`Xk\[ n`k_ [iXZleZlc`Xj`j+

v k_\ XY`c`kp kf `[\ek`]p ]XZkfij k_Xk è]cl\eZ\ k_\ Y\_Xm`fijXjjfZ`Xk\[ n`k_ k_\ gi\m\ek`fe f] [iXZleZlc`Xj`j+

v k_\ XY`c`kp kf Xggcp Xggifgi`Xk\ \[lZXk`feXc jkiXk\^`\j èZcl[è^Zfddle`kp fi^Xe`qXk`fe) Zfddle`ZXk`fej) k_\ lj\ f]Xggifgi`Xk\ d\[`X) jfZ`Xc dXib\kè^ d\k_f[j) Xe[ j\c\Zk\[kiXèè^ k\Z_e`hl\j+

v k_\ ZXgXZ`kp kf Zfddle`ZXk\ \]]\Zk`m\cp Xe[ Zi\[`Ycp n`k_ Xcck_fj\ n_f Xi\ nfibè^ kfnXi[ k_\ ^fXc f] \iX[`ZXk`fe Xk k_\eXk`feXc) i\^`feXc) fi Zfddle`kp c\m\c+

8CAAHB>GL AC7>@>M6G>CB

Ce k_\j\ ^l`[\cè\j) }Zfddle`kp dfY`c`qXk`fe~ i\]\ij kf X ?;1==54 BCA1C57GF85A59= 1;; B53C>AB >6 1 3><<D=9CG! 9=3;D49=7 9CB ;5145AB 1=4 C85 75=5A1;?>?D;1C9>=! 453;1A5 4A13D=3D;91B9B 1= DA75=C! ?A9>A9CG C8A51C C> C859A@D1;9CG >6 ;965 1=4 D=45AC1:5 3>>A49=1C54! 3>;;53C9E5 13C9>=B C> 5A14931C59C#

;ck_fl^_ Zfddle`k`\j dXp XggifXZ_ k_\ kXjb f] Zfddle`kp dfY`c`qXk`feè [`]]\i\ek nXpj XZZfi[è^ kf k_\ì le`hl\ ZlckliXc) \[lZXk`feXc) Xe[\Zfefd`Z ZìZldjkXeZ\j) jlZZ\jj]lc Zfddle`kp dfY`c`qXk`fe \]]fikjj_Xi\ ]`m\ Z_XiXZk\i`jk`Zj7

+( AVRUVcdYZa * Xe è[`m`[lXc fi îflg \d\i^\j kf XZZ\gk k_\c\X[\ij_`g ifc\+ N_\ c\X[\i fi c\X[\ij_`g îflg j\im\j Xj k_\gifîXd X[mfZXk\ fi }Z_Xdg`fe~ n_f Zi\Xk\j XnXi\e\jj k_Xk[iXZleZlc`Xj`j `j X gi\m\ekXYc\ gifYc\d Xe[ nfibj kf j\Zli\i\jfliZ\j ]fi gifîXd `dgc\d\ekXk`fe+

,( J_UVcdeR_UZ_X 9`^^f_Zej EVcTVaeZ`_d R_U 8V]ZVWd 'Cdgc\d\ekXk`fe Xe[ dXèk\eXeZ\ f] \]]\Zk`m\ gi\m\ek`fe jkiXk\^`\jdljk Y\ gi\Z\[\[ Yp Xe le[\ijkXe[è^ Xe[ j\ej`k`m`kp kf k_\gi\[fdèXek Y\c`\]j f] k_\ d\dY\ij f] k_\ Zfddle`kp+ CeZfddle`k`\j n_\i\ [iXZleZlc`Xj`j `j \e[\d`Z) k_\i\ `j f]k\e X n`[\mXi`\kp f] Y\c`\]j XYflk k_\ ZXlj\ f] k_\ [`j\Xj\+ ;j Xe \Xicp Xe[èk\îXc gXik f] Zfddle`kp gcXeeè^) Zfddle`kp c\X[\ij j_flc[ kip kfXjZ\ikXè k_\ gi\[fdèXek Zfddle`kp Y\c`\]j Xe[ g\iZ\gk`fej

0



/LOXYZ VXOUXOZ_ OY ZNGZ

IUSS[TOZ_ SKSHKXY

XKIUMTO`K ZNGZ

JXGI[TI[ROGYOY OY G NKGRZN

VXUHRKS ZNGZ NGY Y[HYZGTZOGR

TKMGZO\K OSVGIZ UT OTLKIZKJ

OTJO\OJ[GRY GTJ UT ZNK

]KRLGXK GTJVXUJ[IZO\OZ_ UL

ZNK KTZOXK IUSS[TOZ_$

i\^Xi[è^ Xcc ]XZ\kj f] k_\ [`j\Xj\+ Q_`c\ jfd\ dXp le[\ijkXe[ k_Xkk_\ [`j\Xj\ `j cèb\[ kf ZfekXdèXk\[ [ièbè^ nXk\i) k_\ dXafi`kp Xi\c`b\cp kf m`\n k_\ [`j\Xj\ è k\idj f] k_\ì ]fcb Y\c`\]j [\i`m\[ ]ifdkiX[`k`fe Xe[ p\Xij f] g\ijfeXc \og\i`\eZ\ n`k_ [iXZleZlc`Xj`j+

Mg\Z`Xc \]]fikj j_flc[ Y\ dX[\ kf XZZ\gk k_fj\ n_f \ogi\jjefejZ`\ek`]`Z Y\c`\]j fi n_f dXp efk `dd\[`Xk\cp le[\ijkXe[ k_\ cèbY\kn\\e [iXZleZlc`Xj`j Xe[ nXk\i+ MlZ_ m`\nj j_flc[ Y\ Zflek\i\[n`k_ [\dfejkiXk`fej k_Xk nXk\i `j k_\ fecp jfliZ\ f] k_\ [`j\Xj\+FfZXc Y\c`\]j j_flc[ Y\ i\jg\Zk\[ Xe[ kXZk]lccp X[[i\jj\[ è k_\\ogcXeXk`fej ^`m\e Yp flkj`[\ij+ ?m\ipfe\ j_flc[ le[\ijkXe[ k_Xk ]fiX Zfddle`kp kf le[\ikXb\ Xe \]]\Zk`m\ \iX[`ZXk`fe gifa\Zk) `k `j efke\Z\jjXip kf XZZ\gk X Zfdgc\k\ Xe[ XZZliXk\ jZ`\ek`]`Z \ogcXeXk`fe f]k_\ ZXlj\j f] [iXZleZlc`Xj`j+ Bfn\m\i) `k `j `dg\iXk`m\ k_Xk k_\Zfddle`kp le[\ijkXe[ k_Xk k_\ [`j\Xj\ `j ZXlj\[ Yp [ièbè^ lejX]\nXk\i) k_Xk g\fgc\ n`k_ k_\ [`j\Xj\ j_flc[ Xmf`[ ZfekXdèXkè^ XjfliZ\ f] [ièbè^ nXk\i) Xe[ _fn k_\p ZXe fYkXè nXk\i k_Xk `j jX]\ kf[ièb+

0+ EfS]ZT GVT`X_ZeZ`_ `W eYV Ec`S]V^ | =fddle`k`\j [f efkjg\e[ k`d\) \e\i^p) Xe[ i\jfliZ\j fe `jjl\j k_\p Y\c`\m\ Xi\ f] c`kkc\`dgfikXeZ\ fi fm\i n_`Z_ k_\p _Xm\ c`kkc\ Zfekifc+ ; ]ìjk gi`fi`kp `j k_XkZfddle`kp d\dY\ij i\Zfê`q\ k_Xk [iXZleZlc`Xj`j `j X _\Xck_gifYc\d k_Xk _Xj jlYjkXek`Xc e\^Xk`m\ `dgXZk fe è]\Zk\[ è[`m`[lXcjXe[ fe k_\ n\c]Xi\ Xe[ gif[lZk`m`kp f] k_\ \ekì\ Zfddle`kp+ N_\pdljk Xcjf i\Zfê`q\ k_Xk k_\ [`j\Xj\ `j cèb\[ kf nXk\i Xe[ nXk\iljX^\) Xe[ Yp dXbè^ i\cXk`m\cp df[\jk Z_Xe^\j) k_\p ZXe gi\m\ekXe[ \m\eklXccp \iX[`ZXk\ [iXZleZlc`Xj`j+

?e^X^è^ k_\ g\fgc\ f] X Zfddle`kp è Xjj\jjè^ k_\ì fneg\iZ\`m\[ gifYc\dj) e\\[j Xe[ XjgìXk`fej Xe[ dXbè^ giXZk`ZXc Xe[]\Xj`Yc\ fgk`fej XmX`cXYc\ Xi\ b\pj kf jlZZ\jj+ N_\ lj\ f] [XkX k_XkXi\ jg\Z`]`Z kf k_\ Zfddle`kp fe k_\ èZ`[\eZ\ Xe[ gi\mXc\eZ\ f][iXZleZlc`Xj`j `j \oki\d\cp _\cg]lc è iX`jè^ glYc`Z i\Zfê`k`fe+Mg\Z`Xc \]]fikj j_flc[ Y\ dX[\ kf gi\j\ek k_\ [XkX è giXZk`ZXc k\idj)j_fnè^ ki\e[j è k_\ eldY\i f] ZXj\j fm\i k`d\) Xe[ ZfdgXi`jfejn`k_ fk_\i m`ccX^\j Xe[ i\^`fej `] gfjj`Yc\+

.( EVcTVZgVU 9`^^f_Zej ;WWZTRTj * Q_\k_\i k_\ `jjl\ `jè[`m`[lXc fi Zfcc\Zk`m\ Y\_Xm`fi) Z_Xe^\ `j efk c`b\cp kf fZZli `] k_fj\dXbè^ k_\ \]]fik U` ]^c QT[XTeT cWPc cWTXa TUUâcb RP] \PZT PSXUUTaT]RT& N_lj) gi`fi`kp XZk`fej j_flc[ Y\ kf &.' _\cg Zfddle`k`\jle[\ijkXe[ k_Xk k_\ i\jfclk`fe f] k_`j gifYc\d `j n`k_è k_\ì XY`c`k`\jXe[ i\jfliZ\j &Yfk_ i\jfliZ\j n`k_è k_\ Zfddle`kp Xe[ k_fj\ k_\pZXe fYkXè ]ifd flkj`[\') Xe[ &/' _\cg k_\d le[\ijkXe[ _fn k_\p ZXegi\m\ek Xe[ \iX[`ZXk\ [iXZleZlc`Xj`j+

2+ 9`^^Ze^V_e e` DS[VTeZgVd * Ce k_\ [fZld\ek) ,D945;9=5B 6>A*5E5;>?9=7 1 .;1= >6 (3C9>= 6>A *A13D=3D;91B9B +A14931C9>= .A>7A1<B!X b\p \c\d\ek è k_\ gcXeeè^ gifZ\jj `j k_\ \jkXYc`j_d\ek f] gifîXd^fXcj Xe[ fYa\Zk`m\j+ IYa\Zk`m\j Zfejk`klk\ k_\ jkXe[Xi[ Yp n_`Z_ XZfddle`kp d\Xjli\j `kj gifî\jj kfnXi[ k_\ ^fXcj f] gi\m\ek`fe Xe[

:


;dXST[X]Tb Uâ <TP[cW 9SdRPcX^] 7^\\d]Xch A^QX[XiPcX^]

\m\eklXc \iX[`ZXk`fe f] [iXZleZlc`Xj`j+ Ce X[[`k`fe) k_\ gifZ\jj f]j\kkè^ Zfddle`kp*c\m\c fYa\Zk`m\j ZXe Y\Zfd\ X giXZk`ZXc kffc ]fidfY`c`qè^ \ekì\ gfglcXk`fej Xk k_\ eXk`feXc) i\^`feXc fi Zfddle`kpc\m\c+

>WW


D6EG >>2 @:69:EF=>D 68G>CBF

=XUMXGSY GXK YZXGZKMOI ]NKT

ZNK GIZO\OZOKY GZ ZNK TGZOUTGR"

XKMOUTGR GTJ IUSS[TOZ_

RK\KRY GXK OTZKXJKVKTJKTZ"

IUUXJOTGZKJ" GTJLUI[YKJ UT G

IUSSUT MUGR$

N_\ _\Xck_ \[lZXk`fe Xe[ Zfddle`kp dfY`c`qXk`fe \c\d\ekj f] X eXk`feXc[iXZleZlc`Xj`j \iX[`ZXk`fe gifîXd Xi\ }jkiXk\^`Z~ n_\e k_\ XZk`m`k`\j Xkk_\ eXk`feXc) i\^`feXc Xe[ Zfddle`kp c\m\cj Xi\ gcXee\[ XjX]cTaST_T]ST]c Xe[ R^âSX]PcTS ]leZk`fej n_`Z_ ]fZlj fe X Zfddfe^fXc+

N_\ Z_Xgk\ij k_Xk ]fccfn [\jZi`Y\ k_\ b\p ifc\j k_Xk dljk Y\ ]`cc\[ kfXjjli\ k_Xk \]]\Zk`m\ _\Xck_ \[lZXk`fe Xe[ Zfddle`kp dfY`c`qXk`feXZk`m`k`\j Xi\ fg\iXk`feXc Xk Xcc k_i\\ c\m\cj+ ;k k_\ eXk`feXc c\m\c) k_\ b\pifc\ ]fi _\Xck_ \[lZXk`fe Xe[ Zfddle`kp dfY`c`qXk`fe n`cc dfjk c`b\cp Y\]`cc\[ Yp k_\ eXk`feXc [iXZleZlc`Xj`j Zffi[èXkfi fi Yp X eXk`feXc*c\m\c\og\ik ZfejlckXek Xjj`ê\[ kf k_Xk gfj`k`fe+ Ce k_\ i\^`fej Xe[ cfZXc`k`\j)k_`j ifc\ n`cc Y\ ZXii`\[ flk Yp è[`m`[lXcj Xjj`ê\[ Xj [iXZleZlc`Xj`jgifîXd Zffi[èXkfij ]fi \XZ_ c\m\c i\jg\Zk`m\cp+

B\Xck_ \[lZXk`fe Xe[ Zfddle`kp dfY`c`qXk`fe ]leZk`fej k_ifl^_flk k_\eXk`fe j_flc[ Y\ cèb\[ Yp k_\ j_Xi\[ Zfdd`kd\ek kf Zfddle`ZXk\ Xe[i\è]fiZ\ k_i\\ j`dgc\ d\jjX^\j7

)& 8aPRd]Rd[XPbXb Xb _aTeT]cPQ[T&

*& 8aX]Z fPcTa Ua^\ P bPUT b^daRT â dbT P R[^cW UX[cTa&

+& FcPh ^dc Û cWT fPcTa =U h^d WPeT P Q[XbcTa â P] T\TaVX]V ;dX]TPfâ\&

))


;dXST[X]Tb Uâ <TP[cW 9SdRPcX^] 7^\ A^QX[XiPcX^]

8YRaeVc +& ?:L EC@:F ;CE @:69:EF 6G G=: B6G>CB6@ @:I:@

AfXcj ]fi _\Xck_ \[lZXk`fe Xe[ Zfddle`kp dfY`c`qXk`fe c\X[\ij Xk k_\eXk`feXc c\m\c èZcl[\7

v JXik`Z`gXkè^ è k_\ [\m\cfgd\ek Xe[ Cdgc\d\ekXk`fe f] gcXej Xe[gfc`Z`\j ]fi k_\ eXk`feXc [iXZleZlc`Xj`j \iX[`ZXk`fe gifîXd kf èjli\k_\ èZclj`fe f] i\jgfej`Yc\ _\Xck_ \[lZXk`fe Xe[ Zfddle`kpdfY`c`qXk`fe Zfdgfe\ekj+

B\`^_k\eè^ glYc`Z XnXi\e\jj f] k_\ eXk`feXc*c\m\c Zfdd`kd\ek kf\iX[`ZXk\ [iXZleZlc`Xj`j+

v GfY`c`qè^ gXik`Z`gXk`fe Xe[ jlggfik ]fi `dgc\d\ekè^ _\Xck_\[lZXk`fe Xe[ Zfddle`kp dfY`c`qXk`fe Xdfe^ dlck`gc\ j\Zkfij Xk k_\eXk`feXc c\m\c+

v Jifm`[è^ k_\ k\Z_e`ZXc Xjj`jkXeZ\ Xe[ X[[`k`feXc i\jfliZ\j e\\[\[ kfjlggfik i\^`feXc Xe[ Zfddle`kp*c\m\c èk\im\ek`fej+

0> 13895E5 C85B5 7>1;B! =1C9>=1;";5E5; ;5145AB =554 C> 31AAG >DC 6>DAA>;5B& !)" _[P]]X]V P]S _^[XRh STeT[^_\T]c$ !*" PSe^RPRh P]S_a^\^cX^]$ !+" aTb^daRT XST]cXUXRPcX^] P]S SXbcaXQdcX^]$ P]S !,"

cTRW]XRP[ PbbXbcP]RT P]S `dP[Xch PbbdaP]RT& =] P[[ U^da a^[Tb$

]PcX^]P[%[TeT[ [TPSTab bW^d[S fâZ R[^bT[h fXcW$ P]S X] bd__âc Û$

aTVX^]P[ P]S [^RP[%[TeT[ _Tab^]b&

?<93. =9/;;7;5 /;2 =<971E 23C39<=:3;A

<p XZk`m\cp gXik`Z`gXkè^ è k_\ [\m\cfgd\ek Xe[ `dgc\d\ekXk`fe f] k_\eXk`feXc [iXZleZlc`Xj`j \iX[`ZXk`fe gcXe) eXk`feXc c\X[\ij ZXe èjli\ k_Xk

>@G c # X X a UcW k_\ _\Xck_ \[lZXk`fe Xe[ Zfddle`kp dfY`c`qXk`fe XZk`m`k`\j Xe[ gifîXdj) + &èZcl[è^ Zfdd`kd\ekj ]fi k_\ i\jfliZ\j e\\[\[ kf \o\Zlk\ k_\d' Xi\JXGI[TI[ROGYOY KXGJOIGZOUT & & ( ( ( & ( (( (W + ) ) + + \ogc`Z`k Xe[ èk\îXc Zfdgfe\ekj f] eXk`feXc jkiXk\^`Z gcXej Xe[ gfc`Z`\j+KLLUXZ GXK OT ZNK HKYZVUYOZOUT

ZU OT\UR\K ZNK TGZOUTGR[_]aX_a4 U\\ ]cW_a R_ac]ae HXk`feXc*c\m\c c\X[\ij j_flc[ dXb\ jg\Z`Xc \]]fikj kf \e^X^\ eXk`feXc

c\X[\ij ]ifd Xcc i\c\mXek j\Zkfij Xj gXike\ij &]fi \oXdgc\) g\fgc\ ]ifd_\Xck_) nXk\i) Xî`Zlckli\) \[lZXk`fe) dXjj d\[`X) jfZ`Xc j\im`Z\j) Xe[i\c`^`flj fi^Xe`qXk`fej'+ Gfjk f]k\e) eXk`feXc*c\m\c fi^Xe`qXk`fej è Xccj\Zkfij _Xm\ Zfddle`ZXk`fej è]iXjkilZkli\j ZXgXYc\ f] i\XZ_è^ k_\ìZflek\igXikj n`k_ c\X[\ij_`g i\jgfej`Y`c`kp Xk k_\ i\^`feXc Xe[ Zfddle`kpc\m\cj+ <p \eZfliX^è^ gXike\ij è fk_\i j\Zkfij kf èZfigfiXk\[iXZleZlc`Xj`j gi\m\ek`fe d\jjX^\j èkf k_\ì \o`jkè^ Zfddle`ZXk`fejZ_Xee\cj) k_\ fm\iXcc Zfddle`ZXk`fe \]]fik n`cc Y\ jki\e^k_\e\[+ HXk`feXcc\X[\ij f] k_\ [iXZleZlc`Xj`j \iX[`ZXk`fe \]]fik Xi\ è k_\ Y\jk gfj`k`fe kfèmfcm\ k_\ eXk`feXc c\X[\ij ]ifd fk_\i j\Zkfij+

@`^li\ / [\g`Zkj n_Xk nflc[ fZZli `] k_\ nXk\i) Xî`Zlckli\ Xe[\[lZXk`feXc j\Zkfij) ]fi \oXdgc\) afè\[ ]fiZ\j n`k_ k_\ _\Xck_ j\Zkfi Xk

)$


<ZXfcV ,

B`SZ]ZkZ_X KVceZTR] R_U >`cZk`_eR] 9`^^f_ZTReZ`_ R_U Hfaa`ce 7^`_X

eYV CReZ`_R]& GVXZ`_R]& R_U 9`^^f_Zej AVgV]d

CReZ`_R]

AVRUVcdYZa CReZ`_R] :cRTf_Tf]ZRdZd ;cRUZTReZ`_ Ec`XcR^

7XcZTf]efcVLReVc ;UfTReZ`_

Bf]eZa]V HVTe`cd ReCReZ`_R] AVgV]

7XcZTf]efcV ;UfTReZ`_LReVc

7 HaVTZWZT GVXZ`_ hZeYZ_CReZ`_

9`^^f_ZeZVd) KZ]]RXVdHVcgVU Sj GVXZ`_

>`cZk`_eR]9`^^f_ZTReZ`_ R^`_XCReZ`_R]']VgV] ERce_Vcd

>`cZk`_eR] 9`^^f_ZTReZ`_R^`_X GVXZ`_R]'AVgV]ERce_Vcd

>`cZk`_eR] 9`^^f_ZTReZ`_R^`_X =c`fad hZeYZ_ VRTY9`^^f_Zej `c KZ]]RXV

=`R]4 ;cRUZTReZ`_ `W :cRTf_Tf]ZRdZd Sj +33/


k_\ eXk`feXc c\m\c+ P\ik`ZXc Zfddle`ZXk`fej ]ifd k_\ eXk`feXc c\m\c k_Xk]cfn k_ifl^_ k_\ i\^`feXc c\m\c kf k_\ Zfddle`kp c\m\c è k_\ [`]]\i\ekj\Zkfij nflc[ ZXiip X Zfej`jk\ek gi\m\ek`fe d\jjX^\+ @lik_\idfi\) n_\ek_\ eXk`feXc*c\m\c f]]`Z\ f] \XZ_ j\Zkfi \eZfliX^\j `kj i\^`feXc f]]`Z\ kfZfccXYfiXk\ n`k_ k_\ì Zflek\igXikj è fk_\i j\Zkfij) k_\ YXj`j ]fi_fi`qfekXc Zfddle`ZXk`fe Xe[ ZfccXYfiXk`fe Xk k_fj\ knf b\p c\m\cj `j\jkXYc`j_\[+ C] dlck`*j\Zkfi gXik`Z`gXk`fe Xe[ fne\ij_`g è k_\ gifîXd `j\]]\Zk`m\cp \jkXYc`j_\[) Zfddfe d\jjX^\j ZXe Y\ [`jj\dèXk\[ n`[\cpXe[ iXg`[cp Xk X ZfdgXiXk`m\cp df[\jk Zfjk+

N_\ gièZ`gc\ f] Zfddle`kp gXik`Z`gXk`fe) jf \jj\ek`Xc kf \]]\Zk`m\ XZk`fe Xkk_\ cfZXc c\m\c) `j Xcjf Zi`k`ZXc Xk k_\ eXk`feXc c\m\c+ N_\ jlZZ\jj f] eXk`feXcXe[ i\^`feXc _\Xck_ \[lZXk`fe Xe[ Zfddle`kp dfY`c`qXk`fe fYa\Zk`m\j)gfc`Z`\j) Xe[ gi`fi`k`\j `j lck`dXk\cp [\g\e[\ek lgfe k_\ n`cc Xe[ ZXgXZ`kpf] g\ijfej Xe[ fi^Xe`qXk`fej Xk k_\ cfZXc c\m\c+ N_\i\]fi\) c\X[\ij j_flc[dXb\ X ZfeZ\ik\[ \]]fik kf XZ_`\m\ jfd\ c\m\c f] cfZXc gXik`Z`gXk`fe Xe[\e[fij\d\ek f] k_\ gifZ\jj+ <p dfY`c`qè^ dlck`c\m\c gXik`Z`gXk`fe) k_\k\ej`fe Xe[ gffi Zfddle`ZXk`fe k_Xk jf f]k\e fZZlij Xdfe^ mXi`fljeXk`feXc gXik`Z`gXekj ZXe Y\ Xmf`[\[+


HfXXVdeVU 7TeZ`_d W`c E]R__Z_X R_U E`]ZTj :VgV]à^V_e

#CReZ`_R] AVgV]$

)& 6ddfcV eYRe eYVcV RcV _ReZ`_R] ^ÙV] XfZUV]Z_Vd eYRe cVXZ`_R] R_U ]`TR] ]VgV] ac`XcR^

^R_RXVcd ^Rj fdV W`c2 !R" a]R__Z_X R_U Zâ]V^V_eZ_X YVR]eY VUfTReZ`_ ac`XcR^d$ !S"

ecRT\Z_X \Vj RdaVTed `W eYV Zâ]V^V_eReZ`_ ac`TVdd$ R_U !T" ac`XcR^ VgR]fReZ`_&

*& :deRS]ZdY R YZXY ]VgV] a`]ZTj deReV^V_e Rd e` hYRe Zd ViaVTeVU `W V_UV^ZT cVXZ`_d R_U

T`^^f_ZeZVd SVW`cV eYVjhZ]] SV V]ZXZS]V W`c RUUZeZ`_R] cVd`fcTVd& 8cZeVcZR ^ZXYe Z_T]fUV2

o ^Z_Z^f^ deR_URcUd W`c eYV `cXR_ZkReZ`_R] decfTefcV !eRd\ W`cTV$ eVR^d$ YVR]eY h`c\Vcd"

Re VRTY ]VgV]

o VgZUV_TV `W ^Z_Z^R] SRdV]Z_V UReR W`c ac`XcR^ a]R__Z_X R_U ^`_Ze`cZ_X

o R_ VgR]fReZ`_ a]R_

o UVgV]à^V_e `W R ac`XcR^ a]R_ Z_T]fUZ_X ac`XcR^ `S[VTeZgVd

o cVd`fcTVd T`^^ZeeVU Sj eYV ]`TR] ]VgV]

o R_ VgR]fReZ`_ a]R_

+& Ffaa`ce R_U ac`^èV _ReZ`_R] R_U cVXZ`_R] T`_WVcV_TVd hYVcV a`]ZeZTR] UVTZdZ`_%^R\Vcd

h`c\ hZeY T`_TVc_VU TZeZkV_d R_U YVR]eY h`c\Vcd e` defUj UcRTf_Tf]ZRdZd R_U UVeVc^Z_V X`R]d

R_U RTeZ`_d _VTVddRcj e` VcRUZTReV eYV UZdVRdV&

ANKY[IIKYY ULTGZOUTGR GTJ

XKMOUTGR NKGRZN KJ[IGZOUT

GTJ IUSS[TOZ_

SUHORO`GZOUT UHPKIZO\KY"

VUROIOKY" GTJVXOUXOZOKY OY

[RZOSGZKR_ JKVKTJKTZ [VUT

ZNK ]ORR GTJ IGVGIOZ_ UL

VKXYUTY GTJ UXMGTO`GZOUTY

GZ ZNK RUIGR RK\KR$

>u


DPac ==2 @TPSTabWX_ 5RcX^]b

,& DRceZTZaReV Z_ eYV W`c^f]ReZ`_ `W _ReZ`_R] UcRTf_Tf]ZRdZd a`]ZTj Sj2

r VâYRdZkZ_X eYV VWWVTeZgV_Vdd `W YVR]eY VUfTReZ`_ Z_ ^ZeZXReZ_X eYV UcRTf_Tf]ZRdZd

ac`S]V^ !Rd hV]] Rd èYVc acZ`cZej YVR]eY ac`S]V^d Z_ eYV _ReZ`_ `c cVXZ`_"&

o ac`gZUZ_X U`Tf^V_eReZ`_ `W eYV VWWZTRTj `W YVR]eY VUfTReZ`_ Z_ UcRTf_Tf]ZRdZd acVgV_eZ`_

Wc`^ U`^VdeZT R_U Z_eVc_ReZ`_R] ViRâ]Vd&

-& 9VgV]à T]VRc R_U ^VRdfcRS]V YVR]eY VUfTReZ`_ R_U T`^^f_Zej ^`SZ]ZkReZ`_ `S[VTeZgVd

W`c eYV _ReZ`_R] ac`XcR^ eYRe W`Tfd `_ Z_TcVRdZ_X acVgV_eZgV SVYRgZ`cd$ ^`SZ]ZkZ_X cVXZ`_R]

R_U T`^^f_Zej RTeZ`_ VcRUZTReZ`_ T`^^ZeeVVd$ cVRTYZ_X \Vj eRcXVe RfUZV_TVd Z_ eYV T`f_eZj

!VX&$ WRc^Vcd$ ^èYVcd$ dTY``] TYZ]UcV_$ R_U X`gVc_^V_e ]VRUVcd"3 R_U ^`SZ]ZkZ_X ^f]eZa]V

TYR__V]d e` UZddV^Z_ReV \Vj^VddRXVd&

.& 9cRWe ^ÙV] `S[VTeZgVd eYRe ]VRUVcd Re eYV cVXZ`_R] R_U T`^^f_Zej ]VgV]d TR_ fdV e`

W`c^f]ReV VcRUZTReZ`_ X`R]d R_U ac`XcR^ `S[VTeZgVd aVceRZ_Z_X e` eYZd Z_ZeZReZgV&

?<93. /2C<1/1E/;2 =?<:<A7<;

IYV ^`de TcZeZTR] RdaVTe `W eYZd c ]V Zd e` ZUV_eZWj eYV \Vj YVR]eY VUfTReZ`_

^VddRXVd R_U eYV^Vd cV]VgR_e Z_ eYV T`f_ecj& R_U Z_dfcV eYV ^VR_d eÙZddV^Z_ReV eY`dV ^VddRXVd eYc`fXY`fe eYV T`f_ecj( 7__Vi , ac`gZUVd

d`^V ViRâ]Vd `W dZâ]V Sfe \Vj ^VddRXVd W`c daVTZWZT eRcXVeaàf]ReZ`_d( 9f]efcV& Tfde`^d& R_U VUfTReZ`_R] ]VgV]d hZ]] UVeVc^Z_V SèY

eYV acVTZdV T`_eV_e `W R ^VddRXV R_U eYV ^VR_d eYc`fXY hYZTY eYV

^VddRXV TR_ SV ^`de VWWVTeZgV]j UZddV^Z_ReVU( ?_ ^R_j Z_deR_TVd& eYV

^`de a`hVcWf] ^VddRXVd ^Rj SV UVaZTeZ`_d `c Z]]fdecReZ`_d fdVU Z_ acZ_e

`c V]VTec`_ZT ^VUZR( #HVV 7__Vi - W`c ViRâ]Vd($

D_TV eYV ^`de RaacàcZReV ^VddRXVd R_U ^VeYÙd `W UV]ZgVcj RcV

UVeVc^Z_VU& Ze Zd eYV cVda`_dZSZ]Zej `W eYV YVR]eY VUfTReZ`_)T`^^f_Zej

^`SZ]ZkReZ`_ aRce `W R _ReZ`_R] VcRUZTReZ`_ ac`XcR^ e` Z_dfcV eYRe R

^VTYR_Zd^ Zd Z_ a]RTV W`c UZddV^Z_ReZ`_ eYc`fXY Rd ^R_j UZWWVcV_e

TYR__V]d Rd Zd WVRdZS]V5 eYZd Z_TcVRdVd eYV TYR_TVd eYRe eRcXVe aàf]ReZ`_d

hZ]] SV Via`dVU e`& RTTVae& R_U RTe `_ eY`dV ^VddRXVd(

CReZ`_R] ]VRUVcd dY`f]U fdV TcVReZgV àa`cef_ZeZVd e` YVZXYeV_ afS]ZT

RhRcV_Vdd W& R_U dfaa`ce W`c& eYV _ReZ`_R] VcRUZTReZ`_ ac`XcR^( <`c

ViRâ]V& e` cRZdV _ReZ`_R] T`_dTZ`fd_Vdd RS`fe eYV ac`S]V^& eYV CZXVcZR_

X`gVc_^V_e acÙfTVU eYcVV a`deRXV deRâd e` T`^^V_`cReV CReZ`_R]

=fZ_VRh`c^ ;cRUZTReZ`_ :Rj `_ BRcTY ,*&+33+( #HVV 7__Vi .($

7Z OY IXOZOIGR ZU OJKTZOL_ ZNK

SUYZ OSVUXZGTZ NKGRZN

KJ[IGZOUT SKYYGMKY GTJ

KTY[XK ZNK SKGTY ZU

JOYYKSOTGZK ZNKS

ZNXU[MNU[Z ZNK IU[TZX_$

A



HfXXVdeVU 7TeZ`_d W`c 7Ug`TRTj R_U Ec`^èZ`_

#CReZ`_R] AVgV]$

)& GR\V eYV ]VRU e` RddfcV eYRe R ^Rdd ^VUZR TRâRZX_ Zd a]R__VU R_U Zâ]V^V_eVU e`

T`^^f_ZTReV \Vj acVgV_eZ`_ ^VddRXVd eYc`fXY R]] RaacàcZReV TYR__V]d Z_ eYV T`f_ecj&

*& 8cVReV Z_eVcdVTe`cR] ]Z_\d Sj VUfTReZ_X ac`daVTeZgV aRce_Vcd RS`fe eYV YVR]eY R_U d`TZR]

SfcUV_ eYRe cVdf]ed Wc`^ UcRTf_Tf]ZRdZd R_U Y`h$ Sj VcRUZTReZ_X eYV UZdVRdV$ eYVZc dVTe`cd

hZ]] SV_VWZe

+& >_dfcV eYRe YVR]eY VUfTReZ`_ ^VddRXVd RcV RTTfcReV R_U eYV ^VddRXVd RcV UV]ZgVcVU fdZ_X

^f]eZa]V ^VeYÙd R_U d`f_U T`^^f_ZTReZ`_ acZ_TZa]Vd&0 ;`c ViRâ]V2

o 6 ]`X` !R dj^S`] `W eYV ac`XcR^"$ dY`f]U SV dZâ]V$ _è T]feeVcVU3 cVW]VTe R \Vj T`_TVae `cac`XcR^ SV_VWZe3 SV VRdZ]j cVacÙfTZS]V3 R_U RaaVR] e` eYV XcVRe ^R[`cZej `W aVcd`_d Z_

eYV T`^^f_Zej `c gZ]]RXV&

o 6 cRUZ` daè dY`f]U acVdV_e `_V ZUVR3 XVe aVà]Vld ReeV_eZ`_3 SV UZcVTe R_U Via]ZTZe3 Rd\]ZdeV_Vcd e` eR\V R daVTZWZT RTeZ`_3 R_U cVZ_W`cTV \Vj ZUVvd `c RTeZ`_d `W eYV VcRUZTReZ`_ac`XcR^&

o 6 gZdfR] RZU$ Sc`TYfcV !W]jVc" `c T]Z_ZT a`deVc$ dY`f]U TRccj Z_W`c^ReZ`_ ^`de ]Z\V]j e` SVW`cXèeV_3 fdV gZdfR]d e` eV]] R de`cj$ _è `_]j h`cUd3 SV T`_TZdV3 dY`h aVà]V V_XRXZ_X Z_SVYRgZ`cd eYRe hZ]] acVgV_e UcRTf_Tf]ZRdZd3 R_U fdV Z^RXVd eYRe RcV ReecRTeZgV e` eYVeRcXVe RfUZV_TV&

o 6_ VWWVTeZgV a`deVc dY`f]U UcR^ReZkV R dZ_X]V ZUVR3 ReecRTe ReeV_eZ`_ Wc`^ Re ]VRde )(^VeVcd RhRj3 SV ^V^`cRS]V3 ^ÙV] UVdZcVU acVgV_eZgV SVYRgZ`c3 R_U dY`h eYV SV_VWZe `W

acRTeZTZ_X acVgV_eZgV SVYRgZ`c&

,& >_dfcV eYRe R]] ^VddRXVd SV ^fefR]]j cVZ_W`cTZ_X R_U d

VcRUZTReZ`_ ac`XcR^&

faa`ce eYV `gVcR]] X`R]d `W eYV

-& DcVaRcV ^VddRXVd eYRe RcV RaacàcZReV W`c eRcXVe RfUZV_TVd Z_ R XZgV_ dVTe`c$ V&X&$ dTY``]d$

h`^V_ld Xc`fad$ cV]ZXZ`fd `cXR_ZkReZ`_d$ R_U WRc^h`c\Vcd&

+$ DcVaRcV XfZUV]Z_Vd W`c eYV VWWVTeZgV fdV `W eYV ^ReVcZR]d R_U ^VddRXVd Sj eYV aRce_Vcd Z_

èYVc dVTe`cd& GYVdV XfZUV]Z_Vd ^ZXYe Z_T]fUV daVTZWZT cVT`^^V_UReZ`_d R_U acVaRcVU

ViRâ]Vd dfTY Rd ]Vdd`_d R_U TfccZTf]R W`c dTY``]d$ dVc^`_d W`c cV]ZXZ`fd ]VRUVcd$ R_U

ac`T]R^ReZ`_d `c ac`_`f_TV^V_ed eYRe ecRUZeZ`_R] `c a`]ZeZTR] ]VRUVcd ^ZXYe fdV&

'+



/& AVVe hZeY cVacVdV_eReZgVd `W aRce_Vc `cXR_ZkReZ`_d e` !)" cVgZVh eYV XfZUV]Z_Vd R_U

UZdTfdd eYV UZddV^Z_ReZ`_ ac`TVdd$ Z_T]fUZ_X ViaVTeVU eRcXVe RfUZV_TVd R_U eZ^V `W

UZddV^Z_ReZ`_3 !*" Via]`cV a`ddZS]V ^VeYÙd `W VgR]fReZ`_3 R_U !+" fcXV eYRe eYV

`cXR_ZkReZ`_dl T`_eRTe aVcd`_d Re eYV cVXZ`_R] ]VgV]d h`f]U SV hZ]]Z_X e` T``cUZ_ReV eYVZc

VWW`ced hZeY èYVc `cXR_ZkReZ`_d Re eY`dV ]VgV]d&

0& DfS]ZdY R_U UZddV^Z_ReV ac`XcVdd cVa`ced `_ YVR]eY VUfTReZ`_ R_U T`^^f_Zej

^`SZ]ZkReZ`_ RTeZgZeZVd& HdV R UZddV^Z_ReZ`_ a]R_ eYRe hZ]] cVRTY gVceZTR]]j Wc`^ eYV _ReZ`_R]$

cVXZ`_R] R_U ]`TR] ]VgV]d$ R_U Y`cZk`_eR]]j Re VRTY ]VgV]& FaVTZR] VWW`ced dY`f]U SV ^RUV e`

cVRTY dV_Z`c afS]ZT YVR]eY R_U a`]ZeZTR] ]VRUVcd$ R_U \Vj cVacVdV_eReZgVd Wc`^ dVTe`c aRce_Vcd

Re R]] ]VgV]d&

?<93. ?3@<B?13 723;A7471/A7<;/;2 27@A?70BA7<;

ANKVXOSGX_ TGZOUTGR

XURK OY ZUVXU\OJK

M[OJGTIK" XKYU[XIKY

GTJSGZKXOGRY ZU ZNK

XKMOUTGRGTJ RUIGR

RK\KRY$

IYV acZ^Rcj T`_TVc_ Z_ eYZd c`]V Zd e` ac`gZUV RaacàcZReV XfZUR_TV&

cVd`fcTVd R_U ^ReVcZR]d e` eYV cVXZ`_R] R_U ]`TR] ]VgV]d( GVXZ`_d R_U

]`TR]ZeZVd dY`f]U _è YRgV e` WV_U W`c eYV^dV]gVd& _`c dY`f]U eYVj YRgV e`

UVgV]à r_Vhs ^ReVcZR]d `c Raac`RTYVd e` ac`S]V^d `c TZcTf^deR_TVd

hYZTY RcV T`^^`_ e` ^R_j dZeVd R_U T`f]U SV VWWVTeZgV]j RUUcVddVU hZeYR T`^^`_ decReVXj( <`c ViRâ]V& _ReZ`_R]']VgV] YVR]eY VUfTReZ`_)

T`^^f_Zej ^`SZ]ZkReZ`_ ]VRUVcd TR_ ac`gZUV cVXZ`_R] R_U ]`TR]']VgV]h`c\Vcd hZeY T]èY WZ]eVcd& S``\]Ved R_U Sc`TYfcVd& W]Za TYRced& a`deVcd&

T`^ZT S``\d& TfccZTf]R R_U eVRTYVcdt XfZUVd W`c dTY``]d& deR_URcUacVgV_eZ`_ ^VddRXVd& dTcZaed W`c a]Rjd `c afaaVed dY`hd& gR_d VbfZaaVU

W`c gZUV` R_U)`c afS]ZT RUUcVdd VbfZa^V_e& ReecRTeZgV WRScZT hZeY acZ_eVU

acVgV_eZ`_ ]`X`d R_U ^VddRXVd& R_U I'dYZced(

IYV WZ_R_TZR] R_U Yf^R_ cVd`fcTVd _VVUVU e` dfaa`ce YVR]eY VUfTReZ`_

R_U T`^^f_Zej ^`SZ]ZkReZ`_ W`c eYV acVgV_eZ`_ R_U VcRUZTReZ`_ `W

UcRTf_Tf]ZRdZd TR_ VZeYVc T`^V Wc`^ ViZdeZ_X cVd`fcTVd eYRe RcV _è SVZ_X

Raa]ZVU e` UcRTf_Tf]ZRdZd acVgV_eZ`_& `c eY`dV eYRe RcV fdVU Sfe RcV _è

hV]]'T``cUZ_ReVU& `c Wc`^ _Vh d`fcTVd RgRZ]RS]V Wc`^ hZeYZ_ `c Wc`^

`fedZUV `W eYV T`f_ecj(

GVd`fcTVd Z_T]fUV UZcVTe VT`_`^ZT dfaa`ce& dfTY Rd R XcR_e& T`_ecRTe& `cR ]`h'Z_eVcVde ]`R_( ?e R]d` Z_T]fUVd Yf^R_ cVd`fcTVd Z_ eYV W`c^ `W

eVTY_ZTR] RddZdeR_TV `c ecRZ_Z_X dfaa`ce& hYZTY ^Rj T`^V Wc`^ èYVc

dVTe`cd hZeYZ_ eYV T`f_ecj& Wc`^ ^f]eZ]ReVcR] R_U SZ]ReVcR] RddZdeR_TV

RXV_TZVd& `c Wc`^ Z_eVc_ReZ`_R] g`]f_eRcj `cXR_ZkReZ`_d dfTY Rd eYV EVRTV

9`cad R_U _`_'X`gVc_^V_eR] `cXR_ZkReZ`_d #C=Dd$(

B


HXk`feXc c\X[\ij j_flc[ \jkXYc`j_ X jpjk\d k_Xk n`cc \eXYc\ k_\d kf Xjj\jjXcc Zlii\ek i\jfliZ\j k_Xk ZXe jlggfik k_\ _\Xck_ \[lZXk`fe Xe[Zfddle`kp dfY`c`qXk`fe Zfdgfe\ekj f] k_\ì eXk`feXc [iXZleZlc`Xj`j\iX[`ZXk`fe gcXe+ Ce X[[`k`fe) k_\p j_flc[ \ogcfi\ \m\ip Xm\el\ kf j\Zli\Xep X[[`k`feXc i\jfliZ\j e\\[\[ kf jlggfik _\Xck_ \[lZXk`fe Xe[Zfddle`kp dfY`c`qXk`fe Xk Xcc c\m\cj è k_\ eXk`fe+ <^fTeTa$ cWT UXabc_aXâXch bW^d[S QT VXeT] c^ PRcXePcX]V cWT dbT Û P__a^_aXPcT

aTb^daRTb P[aTPSh PePX[PQ[T X] cWT R^d]cah&

HfXXVdeVU 7TeZ`_d W`c GVd`fcTV ?UV_eZWZTReZ`_ R_U :ZdecZSfeZ`_

#CReZ`_R] AVgV]$


)& >UV_eZWj R]] _ReZ`_R] `cXR_ZkReZ`_d R_U Xc`fad eYRe ^Rj YRgV cVd`fcTVd W`c$ `c Z_eVcVde Z_$

YVR]eY VUfTReZ`_$ T`^^f_Zej ^`SZ]ZkReZ`_$ UcRTf_Tf]ZRdZd$ acVgV_eZ`_$ `c YVR]eY Z_ XV_VcR]&

:gVcj VWW`ce dY`f]U SV ^RUV e` Z_dfcV eYRe eYV ^Rdd ^VUZR !VX&$ eV]VgZdZ`_$ cRUZ`$ acZ_e ^VUZR$

R_U X`gVc_^V_e TYR__V]d" RcV RTeZgReVU e` TcVReV R _ReZ`_R] f^ScV]]R `W T`^^f_ZTReZ`_

dfaa`ce W`c eYV VcRUZTReZ`_ TRâRZX_&

*& 8`_eRTe eYVdV `cXR_ZkReZ`_d R_U Xc`fad e` RdTVceRZ_ eYVZc ]VgV] `W Z_eVcVde R_U e` ZUV_eZWj

eYV T`_eRTe aVcd`_ ^`de ]Z\V]j e` ac`gZUV _VVUVU Z_W`c^ReZ`_&

+& DcVaRcV R_U UZdecZSfeV R dZâ]V TYVT\ ]Zde hYZTY hZ]] YV]a cVda`_UV_ed ZUV_eZWj aèV_eZR]

cVd`fcTVd Wc`^ Z_eVcVdeVU `cXR_ZkReZ`_d R_U Xc`fad&

,& 8`_gV_V R ^VVeZ_X `W eY`dV `cXR_ZkReZ`_d R_U Xc`fad e` UVeVc^Z_V Y`h eY`dV cVd`fcTVd

^ZXYe SV ^`de VWWZTZV_e]j fdVU `c T``cUZ_ReVU Rd R aRce `W eYV `gVcR]] _ReZ`_R] decReVXj&

-& DfcdfV aèV_eZR] àa`cef_ZeZVd W`c dfaa`ce Wc`^ eYV X`gVc_^V_e R_U èYVc RaacàcZReV

_ReZ`_R] d`fcTVd&

.& FVV\ dfaa`ce Wc`^ Z_eVc_ReZ`_R] YVR]eY R_U aYZ]R_eYcàZT RXV_TZVd !V&X&$ HB>8:;$ J=C$

HF6>9"&

>F



1( ?RS`f

eYVj

"VgV]à R T`^^f_ZTReZ`_ djdeV^ e` Z_W`c^ eY`dV Re eYV cVXZ`_R] R_U T`^^f_Zej ]VgV]d

e hYRe cVd`fcTVd RcV RgRZ]RS]V$ Z_T]fUZ_X Z_W`c^ReZ`_ RS`fe Y`h e` `SeRZ_ eYV^ R_U Y`h

^ZXYe SVde SV fdVU&

2( +T`^Z

UVgV]à R T]VRcZ_XY`fdV `c Z_gV_e`cj ]Zde `W eYV cVd`fcTVd W`c

_f_Zej ^`SZ]ZkReZ`_&

YVR]eY VUfTReZ`_ R_U

3( ?# % gZUV RaacàcZReV `cZV_eReZ`_ `c ecRZ_Z_X Z_ eYV fdV `W cVd`fcTVd&

?<93. A316;71/9/@@7@A/;13/;2 >B/97AE/@@B?/;13

LYZ]V YVR]eY VUfTReZ`_ R_U T`^^f_Zej ^`SZ]ZkReZ`_ RcV _è RSd`]feV

cV^VUZVd& eYVj TR_ cV_UVc T`_dZUVcRS]V YVR]eY SV_VWZed hYV_ decReVXZTR]]j

a]R__VU R_U RaacàcZReV]j Zâ]V^V_eVU(3"+- IYVdV SV_VWZed RcV hV]]( ( & Q ( U`Tf^V_eVU Z_ gRcZVU VeY_ZT& d`TZ`VT`_`^ZT R_U XV`XcRaYZTOSVUXZGTZ QK_ ZU KLLKIZO\K T`_UZeZ`_d+. +0 R_U RTc`dd ^f]eZa]V dZeVd Z_T]fUZ_X T`^^f_Zej&+1",.

GZ K [IGZOUT dTY``]&,/",1 h`c\a]RTV&,2'-* R_U ^VUZTR] TRcV dVeeZ_Xd(-+"-- 7d Zd eYVIUSS[TOZ_ SU O`VZOUT OY O W c Rll afS]ZT YVR]eY acRTeZTVd& R_ Zâ`ceR_e \Vj e` VWWVTeZgV YVR]eY

XKTIK ZU W OZ_ VUfTReZ`_ R_U T`^^f_Zej ^`SZ]ZkReZ`_ Zd eYV VieV_e e` hYZTY eYVj RUYVcVYZGTJGXJY" OTIR[JOTM eF deR_URcUd& Z_T]fUZ_X VgR]fReZ`_(K\GR[GZOUT$

HfXXVdeVU 7TeZ`_d W`c IVTY_ZTR] 7ddZdeR_TV R_U FfR]Zej

7ddfcR_TV

#CReZ`_R] AVgV]$

+( :

^`SZ

XZgV_

RcVRd

:deRS]ZdY _ReZ`_R]'cVXZ`_R] ^VTYR_Zd^d W`c Z_%dVcgZTV YVR]eY VUfTReZ`_ R_U T`^^f_Zej

]ZkReZ`_ ecRZ_Z_X W`c RaacàcZReV h`c\Vcd Re R]] ]VgV]d& FaVTZR] T`_dZUVcReZ`_ dY`f]U SV

e` V_YR_TZ_X eYV TRaRTZeZVd `W ]Rj aVcd`_d hY` ^fde UV]ZgVc ac`XcR^d Z_ f_UVcdVcgVU

(

*% )_ReZT

acVg4

_ReZ`

UV_eZWj `c VdeRS]ZdY R _Veh`c\ e` V_RS]V YVR]eY VUfTReZ`_ acRTeZeZ`_Vcd e` YRgV RTTVdd e`

Z_R]'cVXZ`_R] UReR$ cVdVRcTY WZ_UZ_Xd R_U ac`XcR^ ^ReVcZR] cV]VgR_e e` UcRTf_Tf]ZRdZd

3_eZ`_ R_U VcRUZTReZ`_ Rd hV]] Rd èYVc acZ`cZej YVR]eY ac`S]V^d T`^^`_ e` R XZgV_

_ `c cVXZ`_& !FfTY Z_W`c^ReZ`_ dY`f]U SV eZ^V]j R_U RgRZ]RS]V Re cVRd`_RS]V T`de"

A



+& Dc`^èV R_U dfaa`ce eYV UVgV]à^V_e `W aVcW`c^R_TV deR_URcUd W`c YVR]eY VUfTReZ`_

R_U T`^^f_Zej `cXR_ZkReZ`_ RTeZgZeZVd Z_ T`]]RS`cReZ`_ hZeY cVacVdV_eReZgVd Wc`^

ac`WVddZ`_R] afS]ZT YVR]eY R_U VUfTReZ`_R] `cXR_ZkReZ`_d& GYV H&F& 8V_eVcd W`c 9ZdVRdV

8`_ec`]ld ecRZ_Z_X T`fcdV$ 5[OTKG DUXS%2XGI[TI[BGYOY 3XGJOIGZOUT =XUMXGSSK. AXGOTOTM

1U[XYKLUX 5[OTKG DUXS 1UUXJOTGZUXY" Zd R X`Ù ViRâ]V&

,& 7fZ]U R djdeV^ W`c eYV ]`_X%cR_XV$ dZ^f]eR_V`fd ecRT\Z_X `W !)" TYR_XVd Z_ hReVc fdV

SVYRgZ`cd$ R_U !*" U`Tf^V_eVU YVR]eY VUfTReZ`_ R_U T`^^f_Zej ^`SZ]ZkReZ`_ VWW`ced e`

^ÙZWj eY`dV SVYRgZ`cd Sj T`^^f_ZeZVd& GYZd djdeV^ dY`f]U SV TRaRS]V `W cVXf]Rc

^`_Ze`cZ_X `W eYV acà`ceZ`_ `W RWWVTeVU gZ]]RXVd T`gVcVU Sj R XZgV_ ]VgV] `W YVR]eY VUfTReZ`_

R_U T`^^f_Zej ^`SZ]ZkReZ`_ VWW`ced& >_W`c^ReZ`_ Wc`^ eYZd djdeV^$ ]Z_\VU e` eYV UZdVRdV

Z_TZUV_TV UReR Wc`^ eYV dfcgVZ]]R_TV djdeV^ !dVV 5[OJKROTKYLUX @[X\KORRGTIK OT 2XGI[TI[ROGYRY

3XGJOIGZOUT =XUMXGSY!" ]ORRVXU\OJK ZNK K\OJKTIK TKKJKJ ZU JKSUTYZXGZK ZNK cOTQ HKZ]KKT ZNK NKGRZN

KJ[IGZOUT GTJ IUSS[TOZ_ SUHORO`GZOUT KLLUXZY OSVRKSKTZKJ GTJ ZNK VXK\KTZOUT GTJ KXGJOIGZOUT UL

ZNK JOYKGYK$

-& 8cVReV R _ReZ`_R] ^Ra `W R]] k`_Vd hYVcV UcRTf_Tf]ZRdZd Zd V_UV^ZT R_U T`]`c TÙV eYV

V_UV^ZT RcVRd Z_ RTT`cUR_TV e` eYV ]VgV] `W ecRZ_Z_X R_U eVTY_ZTR] RddZdeR_TV ac`gZUVU$ R_U

]VgV] `W ac`XcR^ RTeZgZej& HdV eYV ^Ra e` YZXY]ZXYe acZ`cZej eRcXVe RcVRd R_U e` XcRaYZTR]]j

Z]]fdecReV TYR_XV eYRe `TTfcd eYc`fXY`fe eYV VcRUZTReZ`_ ac`XcR^&

.& :deRS]ZdY R YZXY]j gZdZS]V djdeV^ e` RT\_`h]VUXV R_U cVhRcU `fedeR_UZ_X YVR]eY

VUfTReZ`_ R_U T`^^f_Zej ^`SZ]ZkReZ`_ RTT`â]ZdY^V_ed Re R]] ]VgV]d Z_ eYV _ReZ`_&

%%


+J+wi:+ ,,i% zC+ ] , w + : N , + 6 e j

8YRaeVc ,& ?:L EC@:F ;CE @:69:EF 6G G=: E:<>CB6@ @:I:@

ANKYOTMRK SUYZ OSVUXZGTZ

L[TIZOUT ZNGZ XKMOUTGR

RKGJKXY S[YZ IGXX_ U[Z OY

ZNKVXU\OYOUT ULUT#MUOTM

Y[VKX\OYOUT GTJ GYYOYZGTIK

ZU ZNK IUSS[TOZOKY GTJ

\ORRGMKY$

L\^`feXc*c\m\c c\X[\ij ]fi _\Xck_ \[lZXk`fe Xe[ Zfddle`kp dfY`c`qXk`feXi\ è X ZilZ`Xc gfj`k`fe è k_\ fm\iXcc jZ_\d\ f] X eXk`feXc [iXZleZlc`Xj`j\iX[`ZXk`fe gifîXd+ Ce X[[`k`fe kf i\è]fiZè^ k_\ eXk`feXc X[mfZXZp Xe[glYc`Z XnXi\e\jj ]leZk`fe) k_\p Xi\ gfj`k`fe\[ Xj k_\ b\p Zfddle`ZXk`fecèb Y\kn\\e k_\ dfjk giXZk`ZXc gifîXd XZk`m`k`\j k_Xk kXb\ gcXZ\ Xk k_\Zfddle`kp fi m`ccX^\ c\m\c Xe[ k_\ eXk`feXc c\m\c n_\i\ b\p jlggfik[\Z`j`fej Xi\ dX[\ XYflk gcXeeè^) gfc`Zp Xe[ k_\ XccfZXk`fe f] i\jfliZ\jè jlggfik f] cfZXc XZk`m`k`\j+ L\^`feXc*c\m\c c\X[\ij j_flc[ gifm`[\jlggfik kf cfZXc c\X[\ij Xe[ ]\\[YXZb kf eXk`feXc c\X[\ij &@`^li\ /'+

Q`k_è k_\ Zfek\ok f] X eXk`feXc \iX[`ZXk`fe gcXe) g\ijfee\c Xk k_`j c\m\c_Xm\ [ì\Zk ZfekXZk n`k_ Zfddle`kp fi m`ccX^\ c\X[\ij Xe[ m`ccX^\`dgc\d\ek\ij+ N_\i\]fi\) k_\ i\^`feXc c\X[\ij Y\Xi i\jgfej`Y`c`kp ]figifm`[è^ kiXèè^ Xe[ k\Z_e`ZXc Xjj`jkXeZ\ Xe[ Xjjliè^ k_Xk dXk\i`XcjXe[ e\\[\[ i\jfliZ\j Xi\ XmX`cXYc\ Xe[ [\c`m\i\[ Xj e\\[\[+ N_\ jè^c\dfjk `dgfikXek ]leZk`fe k_Xk i\^`feXc c\X[\ij dljk ZXiip flk `j k_\gifm`j`fe f] fe*^fè^ jlg\im`j`fe Xe[ Xjj`jkXeZ\ kf k_\ Zfddle`k`\j Xe[m`ccX^\j+

N_\ ^\e\iXc ^fXcj ]fi _\Xck_ \[lZXk`fe Xe[ Zfddle`kp dfY`c`qXk`fec\X[\ij Xk k_\ i\^`feXc c\m\c èZcl[\7

v ?jkXYc`j_è^ Xe[ dXèkXèè^ k_\ jpjk\dj e\Z\jjXip kf Xjjli\\]]\Zk`m\ Xe[ k`d\cp Zfddle`ZXk`fe n`k_è k_\ i\^`fe Xe[ Y\kn\\e k_\eXk`feXc Xe[ Zfddle`kp c\m\cj+

Jifm`[è^ [ì\Zk jlg\im`j`fe) _\Xck_ \[lZXk`fe k\Z_e`ZXc Xjj`jkXeZ\)kiXèè^) Xe[ i\jfliZ\j kf Zfddle`kp* Xe[ m`ccX^\*c\m\c \iX[`ZXk`fegifîXdj+

v B\`^_k\eè^ glYc`Z XnXi\e\jj f] [iXZleZlc`Xj`j Xe[ `kj gi\m\ekXY`c`kpYp X[Xgkè^ d\jjX^\j Xe[ [`jj\dèXk`fe jkiXk\^`\j [\m\cfg\[ Xk k_\eXk`feXc c\m\c kf d\\k k_\ le`hl\ e\\[j Xe[ ZìZldjkXeZ\j f] k_\i\^`feXc c\m\c+

v >\m\cfgè^ Xe[ `dgc\d\ekè^ k_\ i\^`feXc _\Xck_ \[lZXk`fe Xe[Zfddle`kp dfY`c`qXk`fe Zfdgfe\ekj f] \iX[`ZXk`fe gifîXd gcXejXe[ gfc`Z`\j &èZcl[è^ `[\ek`]pè^ k_\ `dgfikXek i\c\mXekZ_XiXZk\i`jk`Zj f] k_\ i\^`fe Xe[ `kj gfglcXk`fe'+

v GfY`c`qè^ gXik`Z`gXk`fe Xe[ jlggfik Xdfe^ dlck`gc\ j\Zkfij Xk k_\i\^`feXc c\m\c ]fi k_\ `dgc\d\ekXk`fe f] X jkiXk\^`Z gcXe ]fi _\Xck_\[lZXk`fe Xe[ Zfddle`kp dfY`c`qXk`fe+

CN



I` RTYZVgV eYVdV X`R]d& cVXZ`_R] ]VRUVcd _VVU e` TRccj `fe W`fc \Vj c ]Vd4

#+$ RUg`TRTj R_U ac`^èZ`_& #,$ T`^^f_ZTReZ`_d& #-$ ecRZ_Z_X& eVTY_ZTR]RddZdeR_TV R_U cVd`fcTV dfaa`ce& R_U #.$ ac`XcR^)a`]ZTj a]R__Z_X&

^R_RXV^V_e R_U Zâ]V^V_eReZ`_(

?<93. /2C<1/1E/;2 =?<:<A7<;

I` Z_dfcV eYV UVgV]à^V_e `W R decReVXZT a]R_ `W YVR]eY VUfTReZ`_ R_U

T`^^f_Zej ^`SZ]ZkReZ`_ Z]]fdecReVU Z_ <ZXfcV , #aRXV +-$& ]VRUVcd Re eYV

cVXZ`_R] ]VgV] ^fde _fcefcV ^f]eZ'dVTe`cR] aRce_VcdYZad Re eYVZc ]VgV]( IYV

^VeYÙd `W RTYZVgZ_X eYVdV aRce_VcdYZad dY`f]U SV T`â]V^V_eRcj R_U_RefcR] VieV_dZ`_d `W dZ Z]Rc VWW`ced f_UVceR\V_ Re eYV _ReZ`_R] ]VgV](

HfXXVdeVU 7TeZ`_d W`c 7Ug`TRTj R_U Ec`^èZ`_

#GVXZ`_R] AVgV]$

)& ;`]]`hZ_X fa `_ _ReZ`_R]%]VgV] >_ZeZReZgVd$ cVTcfZe aRce_Vcd Wc`^ èYVc dVTe`cd Sj

VUfTReZ_X eYV^ RS`fe eYV SfcUV_ UcRTf_Tf]ZRdZd TcVReVd Z_ eYZd cVXZ`_ R_U Y`h Sj

VcRUZTReZ_X eYV UZdVRdV$ eYVZc dVTe`c hZ]] SV_VWZe

*& 6ddZde Z_ RURaeZ_X R_U UVgV]àZ_X RaacàcZReV VUfTReZ`_R] ^ReVcZR]d R_U UcRTf_Tf]ZRdZd

acVgV_eZ`_ ^VddRXVd W`c fdV Z_ eYV cVXZ`_&

+& 6URae R]] acVgV_eZ`_ ^VddRXVd d` eYRe eYVj RcV RaacàcZReV W`c eYV eRcXVe RfUZV_TV Z_ R

XZgV_ dVTe`c$ V $ dTY``]d$ h`^V_ld Xc`fad$ cV]ZXZ`fd `cXR_ZkReZ`_d$ R_U WRc^h`c\Vcd&

,& 7VTRfdV `W cVXZ`_R] ]R_XfRXV R_U VeY_ZT UZWWVcV_TVd$ dfaawce R_U ac`^èV ^Rdd ^VUZR

TRâRZX_d daVTZWZTR]]j eRZ]`cVU W`c eRcXVe RfUZV_TVd Z_ eYV cVXZ`_&

-& >_dfcV eYRe Z_decfTeZ`_d acVaRcVU e` RddZde eYV aRce_Vcd Z_ eYV RaacàcZReV fdV `W

^VddRXVd R_U ^ReVcZR]d RcV fdVU& AVVe hZeY cVacVdV_eReZgVd `W aRce_Vc `cXR_ZkReZ`_d e` !)"

cVgZVh eYV Z_decfTeZ`_d R_U UZdTfdd eYV UZddV^Z_ReZ`_ ac`TVdd$ Z_T]fUZ_X ViaVTeVU eRcXVe

RfUZV_TVd R_U eZ^V `W UZddV^Z_ReZ`_3 !*" Via]`cV a`ddZS]V ^VeYÙd `W VgR]fReZ`_3 R_U !+"

UVeVc^Z_V hYVeYVc eYV `cXR_ZkReZ`_dl T`_eRTe aVcd`_d Re eYV cVXZ`_R] ]VgV]d h`f]U SV hZ]]Z_X

e` T``cUZ_ReV eYVZc VWW`ced hZeY èYVc `cXR_ZkReZ`_d Re eY`dV ]VgV]d&

*)



?<93. 1<::B;71/A7<;@

I` VdeRS]ZdY R_U ^RZ_eRZ_ R_ VWWVTeZgV T`^^f_ZTReZ`_d ]Z_\ SVehVV_ eYV

_ReZ`_R] R_U T`^^f_Zej ]VgV]d& cVXZ`_R] ]VRUVcd ^fde YRgV #+$ R djdeV^ e`

XReYVc cV]VgR_e Z_W`c^ReZ`_ Wc`^ eYV _ReZ`_R] ]VgV] R_U R]d` Wc`^

T`^^f_ZeZVd `W eYZd cVXZ`_& #,$ R ^VR_d `W afeeZ_X eYRe Z_W`c^ReZ`_ Z_e` R

W`c^Re R_U ]R_XfRXV hYZTY Zd f_UVcdeR_URS]V e` R]] aRceZVd hY` hZ]] fdV Ze&R_U #-$ R djdeV^ e` ecR_d Ze eYV Z_W`c^ReZ`_ e` RaacàcZReV fdVcd(

HfXXVdeVU 7TeZ`_d W`c 9`^^f_ZTReZ`_d

#GVXZ`_R] AVgV]$

)& :deRS]ZdY R djdeV^ e` cVXf]Rc]j XReYVc cV]VgR_e UcRTf_Tf]ZRdZd ac`XcR^ Z_W`c^ReZ`_

hZeYZ_ eYV cVXZ`_& GYZd Z_W`c^ReZ`_ dY`f]U Z_T]fUV ac`XcR^ RTeZgZeZVd$ cVd`fcTVd _VVUVU$

cVd`fcTVd RgRZ]RS]V$ R_U UReR `_ aReeVc_d `W UZdVRdV& GYZd djdeV^ dY`f]U SV T`_dZdeV_e hZeY

ac`TVUfcVd VdeRS]ZdYVU Re eYV _ReZ`_R] ]VgV]&

*& >UV_eZWj T`_eRTed Re eYV _ReZ`_R] R_U T`^^f_Zej ]VgV]d2 daVTZWZT aVcd`_d e` R_U Wc`^

hY`^ j`f dY`f]U dV_U R_U cVTVZgV Z_W`c^ReZ`_&

+& :deRS]ZdY deR_URcU TYR__V]d R_U ^VTYR_Zd^d eYc`fXY hYZTY Z_W`c^ReZ`_ hZ]] SV

ViTYR_XVU& ;`c ViRâ]V$ _Vhd]VeeVcd `c ^V^`cR_UR UZdecZSfeVU Re cVXf]Rc acVUVeVc^Z_VU

Z_eVcgR]d RcV VWWVTeZgV TYR__V]d `W T`^^f_ZTReZ`_ hZeY cV]VgR_e dVTe`cd Re R]] ]VgV]d& FaVTZR]

^VVeZ_Xd ^ZXYe SV fdVU e` YR_U]V fcXV_e Z_W`c^ReZ`_& FaVTZR] VWW`ced dY`f]U SV eR\V_ e`

Z_W`c^ UVTZdZ`_%^R\Vcd Re eYV _ReZ`_R] R_U cVXZ`_R] ]VgV] `W ac`XcR^^ReZT ac`XcVdd& GYVdV

T`^^f_ZTReZ`_d dY`f]U SV UcR^ReZT$ RTTfcReV$ ScZVW$ R_U VRdj e` f_UVcdeR_U&

,& :deRS]ZdY R UVRc$ f_T`â]ZTReVU ^VR_d e` T``cUZ_ReV eYV T`^^f_ZTReZ`_ R_U Z_eVcRTeZ`_

hZeY ]VRUVcd Re eYV T`^^f_Zej `c gZ]]RXV ]VgV]& GYZd djdeV^ dY`f]U SV T`_dZdeV_e hZeY

_ReZ`_R] a`]ZTj& JZeY`fe dfTY R djdeV^$ Z_UZgZUfR]$ f_T``cUZ_ReVU T`_eRTe hZeY eYV ]`TR] ]VgV]

Sj aRce_Vcd Wc`^ ^f]eZa]V dVTe`cd T`f]U TcVReV T`_WfdZ`_&

*+



?<93. A?/7;7;5" A316;71/9 /@@7@A/;13 /;2 ?3@<B?13

@B==<?A6KGRZN KJ[IGZOUT GTJ

IUSS[TOZ_ SUHORO`GZOUT

GXK ZUURY QTU]T ZU HK

KLLKIZO\K OTVXK\KTZOTMGTJ

KXGJOIGZOTM JXGI[TI[ROGYOY$

>VR]eY VUfTReZ`_ R_U T`^^f_Zej ^`SZ]ZkReZ`_ RcV e``]d \_`h_ e` SV

VWWVTeZgV Z_ acVgV_eZ_X R_U VcRUZTReZ_X UcRTf_Tf]ZRdZd( IYVcVW`cV& \VjZ_UZTRe`cd W`c R dfTTVddWf] VcRUZTReZ`_ ac`XcR^ hZ]] SV eYV RSZ]ZeZVd W

]`TR]']VgV] ac`XcR^ h`c\Vcd e` UV]ZgVc eYVdV e``]d VWWVTeZgV]j( 7 ^`de

TcfTZR] Wf_TeZ`_ W`c cVXZ`_R]']VgV] ]VRUVcd Zd e` ?_dfcV #+$ YZXY bfR]Zej

ecRZ_Z_X& dfaVcgZdZ`_& R_U eVTY_ZTR] RddZdeR_TV Z_ YVR]eY VUfTReZ`_ R_U

T`^^f_Zej ^`SZ]ZkReZ`_ R_U #,$ eYV cVd`fcTVd _VTVddRcj e` Zâ]V^V_e

Z_eVcgV_eZ`_d( 8èY ejaVd `W dfaa`ce ^fde SV ac`gZUVU W`c eYV ]`TR]']VgV]ac`XcR^d( 8VW`cV acVaRcZ_X `c T`_UfTeZ_X YVR]eY VUfTReZ`_ ecRZ_Z_X

ac`XcR^d W`c ]`TR]']VgV] h`c\Vcd& ecRZ_Vcd dY`f]U SV WR^Z]ZRc hZeY eYV^f]eZa]V YVR]eY VUfTReZ`_ c ]Vd TRccZVU `fe Re eYV T`^^f_Zej ]VgV]( #HVV

7__Vi /($

HfXXVdeVU 7TeZ`_d W`c IcRZ_Z_X& IVTY_ZTR] 7ddZdeR_TV& R_U GVd`fcTV Hfaa`ce

#GVXZ`_R] AVgV]$

)& 6ddVdd ecRZ_Z_X$ dfaVcgZd`cj$ >

R_U gZ]]RXVd dVcgVU Sj eYV cVXZ`_&

eVTY_ZTR] RddZdeR_TV$ R_U cVd`fcTV _VVUd `W R]] T`^^f_ZeZVd

*& DcVaRcV R dY`ce%cR_XV !fa e` ) jVRc" ecRZ_Z_X a]R_ eYRe Z_T]fUVd !R" cVT`X_ZeZ`_ ` W eYV

UZWWVcV_e ecRZ_Z_X _VVUd ` W cVXZ`_R] h`c\Vcd$ T`^^f_Zej h`c\Vcd$ R_U h`c\Vcd Wc`^ UZWWVcV_e

dVTe`cd !V&X&$ YVR]eY$ RXcZTf]efcV$ hReVc$ VUfTReZ`_"$ !S" ZUV_eZWZTReZ`_ `W ecRZ_Vcd R_U ecRZ_Z_X

deR ]]ZV " daVTZWZTReZ`_ `W ecRZ_Z_X cVd`fcTVd _VVUVU$ !U" UReVd R_U ]`TReZ`_ `W ecRZ_Z_X$ R_U !V" R

a]R_ `c ^VTYR_Zd^ e` _èZWj ac`daVTeZgV ecRZ_VVd& 8`_dZUVc eYV _VVU W`c cVWcVdYVc ecRZ_Z_X

hYZ]V eYV ac`XcR^ Zd f_UVchRj&

+& 8``cUZ_ReV R_U ^R_RXV YVR]eY VUfTReZ`_ R_U T`^^f_Zej ^`SZ]ZkReZ`_ ecRZ_Z_X

h`c\dYàd& >_ h`c\dYàd W`c ]Rj aVcd`_d hY` ^fde UV]ZgVc ac`XcR^d Z_ >â`gVcZdYVU RcVRd$

daVTZR] VWW`ced dY`f]U SV ^RUV e` Z_T]fUV VUfTReZ`_R] eVTY_ZbfVd eYRe RcV VWWVTeZgV W`c

Z]]ZeVcReV RUf]ed !V&X&$ aàf]Rc eYVReVc$ de`cj%eV]]Z_X R_U eYV fdV `W XcRaYZTd eYRe T`^^f_ZTReV

>UVRd R_U T`_TVae hZeY`fe h`cUd"& ;`c R]] ecRZ_Z_X ac`XcR^d$ Ze hZ]] SV YV]aWf] e` Raa]j `c

RURae e` daVTZWZT _VVUd eYV ^VeYÙd R_U ^ReVcZR]d dfXXVdeVU Z_ 5[OTKG DUXS%2XGI[TI[ROGYOY

3XGJOIGZOUT =XUMXGSSK. AXGOTOTM1U[XYKLUX 5[OTKG DUXS 1UUXJOTGZUXY$

,& JZeY RddZdeR_TV Wc`^ eYV _ReZ`_R] ]VgV]$ ZUV_eZWj R]] d`fcTVd eYRe ^Rj YRgV cVd`fcTVd W`c$

`c Z_eVcVde Z_$ YVR]eY VUfTReZ`_$ T`^^f_Zej ^`SZ]ZkReZ`_$ UcRTf_Tf]ZRdZd$ acVgV_eZ`_$ `c

YVR]eY Z_ XV_VcR] Z_ eYZd cVXZ`_&

Gj


DPac XX2 @TPSTabWX_ 5RcX^]b

-& DfcdfV aèV_eZR] àa`cef_ZeZVd W`c dfaa`ce Z_ `SeRZ_Z_X cVd`fcTVd Wc`^ eYV

X`gVc_^V_e$ èYVc RaacàcZReV _ReZ`_R] d`fcTVd$ R_U cVXZ`_R] `cXR_ZkReZ`_d&

.& 8`]]RS`cReV hZeY _ReZ`_R]%]VgV] ]VRUVcd Z_ dVV\Z_X dfaa`ce Wc`^ Z_eVc_ReZ`_R] R_U

SZ]ReVcR] RddZdeR_TV RXV_TZVd&

/& >_W`c^ T`^^f_Zej R_U gZ]]RXV%]VgV] ]VRUVcd RS`fe hYRe cVd`fcTVd RcV RgRZ]RS]V$

Z_T]fUZ_X Z_W`c^ReZ`_ RS`fe Y`h e` `SeRZ_ eYV^ R_U Y`h eYVj ^ZXYe SVde SV fdVU&

EC@92 DEC;E5A'DCH7K D@5BB=B;

?_ eYZd c ]V& ]VRUVcd ^fde SV TVceRZ_ eYRe eYV YVR]eY VUfTReZ`_ R_UT`^^f_Zej ^`SZ]ZkReZ`_ T`â`_V_ed `W eYV UcRTf_Tf]ZRdZd VcRUZTReZ`_

a]R_& Z_T]fUZ_X eYV ac`XcR^ `S[VTeZgVd& cVR]ZdeZTR]]j cVW]VTe eYV f_ZbfV

_VVUd `W eYV cVXZ`_ R_U RcV T`_dZdeV_e hZeY _ReZ`_R] ac`XcR^ a ]ZTZVd(

7d acVgZ`fd]j ^V_eZ`_VU& eYV dfTTVdd `W _ReZ`_R] R_U cVXZ`_R] YVR]eY

VUfTReZ`_ R_U T`^^f_Zej ^`SZ]ZkReZ`_ `S[VTeZgVd R_U a`]ZTZVd Zd

UVaV_UV_e fa`_ eYV hZ]] R_U TRaRTZej `W aVcd`_d R_U `cXR_ZkReZ`_d Re eYV

]`TR] ]VgV]( IYVcVW`cV& eYV ^RZ_ [`S `W cVXZ`_R] ]VRUVcd Zd e` WRTZ]ZeReV [^RP[_PacXRX_PcX^] P]S T]SâbT\T]c `W eYV ac`TVdd(

HfXXVdeVU 7TeZ`_d W`c Ec`XcR^)E`]ZTj E]R__Z_X

#GVXZ`_R] AVgV]$

N

>

Z

8`_UfTe cVXZ`_R] ^VVeZ_Xd hYVcV a`]ZeZTR] UVTZdZ`_%^R\Vcd h`c\ hZeY T`_TVc_VU TZeZkV_d

Z_U YVR]eY h`c\Vcd e` UVeVc^Z_V X`R]d R_U RTeZ`_d e` ^ZeZXReV eYV UZdVRdV Z_ eYZd aRceZTf]Rc

oVXZ`_&

*& 6URae'Z_eVcacVe _ReZ`_R] ac`XcR^ a`]ZTZVd W`c Raa]ZTReZ`_ Z_ eYZd cVXZ`_&

A



+& 9VgV]à T]VRc R_U ^VRdfcRS]V YVR]eY VUfTReZ`_ R_U T`^^f_Zej ^`SZ]ZkReZ`_ `S[VTeZgVd

W`c eYV VcRUZTReZ`_ ac`XcR^ Z_ eYZd cVXZ`_& 8`_ecZSfeV e` eYV UVgV]à^V_e `W T`âRcRS]V

`S[VTeZgVd Re eYV _ReZ`_R] ]VgV]&

,& 9cRWe ^ÙV] `S[VTeZgVd eYRe ]`TR] ]VRUVcd TR_ fdV e` W`c^f]ReV VcRUZTReZ`_ X`R]d R_U

ac`XcR^ `S[VTeZgVd Z_ eYVZc T`^^f_ZeZVd&


DPac>[XY@TPSTabA_ 5RcX^]b

8YRaeVc -& ?:L EC@:F ;CEJCE?:EF 6G G=: 8CAAHB>GL CE

=fddle`kp fi m`ccX^\*c\m\c nfib\ij _Xm\ k_\ ]ifek*cè\ i\jgfej`Y`c`kp ]fidfY`c`qè^ k_\ Zfddle`kp Xe[ Xggcpè^ k_\ fm\iXcc _\Xck_ \[lZXk`fegifîXd) èZcl[è^ k_\ k`d\cp [`jki`Ylk`fe f] Zcfk_ ]`ck\ij+ Ce X[[`k`fe) k_\p_Xm\ X dXafi ifc\ è gifm`[è^ dfek_cp i\gfikj f] [iXZleZlc`Xj`j èZ`[\eZ\è k_\ì Zfddle`k`\j Xe[ i\]\iiè^ gXk`\ekj ]fi ki\Xkd\ek Xe[,fi gifm`[è^kfg`ZXc ki\Xkd\ek Xj Xggifgi`Xk\+

N_\ gi`dXip _\Xck_ \[lZXk`fe Xe[ Zfddle`kp dfY`c`qXk`fe kXjbj ]fiZfddle`kp fi m`ccX^\ c\m\c _\Xck_ nfib\ij Xi\ j\m\iXc7

v B\cgè^ k_\ Zfddle`kp i\Xc`q\ k_Xk [iXZleZlc`Xj`j `j Xe `dgfikXekgifYc\d ]fi k_\d Xe[ k_Xk k_\i\ Xi\ j`dgc\ k_è^j k_\p ZXe [f kfgifk\Zk k_\dj\cm\j+

v GfY`c`qè^ è]cl\ek`Xc Zfddle`kp d\dY\ij Xe[ i\c\mXek fi^Xe`qXk`fejè k_\ Zfddfe jlggfik Xe[ gifdfk`fe f] X [iXZleZlc`Xj`j \iX[`ZXk`fe\]]fik+

v ?jkXYc`j_è^ Xe[ dXèkXèè^ X m`ccX^\ _\Xck_ nfib\i kf dfe`kfi k_\[`j\Xj\ Ce k_\ Zfddle`kp Xe[ kf _\cg m`ccX^\ij `dgc\d\ek Zfekifcd\Xjli\j &\jg\Z`Xccp [`jki`Ylkè^ Zcfk_ ]`ck\ij Xe[ kiXèè^ m`ccX^\ij èk_\ì lj\'+

v Cejliè^ k_Xk ZlckliXccp Xggifgi`Xk\) \]]\Zk`m\ _\Xck_ \[lZXk`fed\jjX^\j Xi\ n`[\cp [`jj\dèXk\[ k_ifl^_ Xcc XmX`cXYc\ Z_Xee\cj èk_\ Zfddle`kp+

Nf XZ_`\m\ k_\j\ ^fXcj) Zfddle`kp fi m`ccX^\ _\Xck_ nfib\ij e\\[ kf ZXiipflk ]fli b\p ifc\j7 &.' Zfddle`kp dfY`c`qXk`fe Xe[ XnXi\e\jj) &/' _\Xck_\[lZXk`fe Xe[ [`jki`Ylk`fe f] ]`ck\ij) &0' dfek_cp i\gfikè^ f] ZXj\j) Xe[&1' kfg`ZXc ki\Xkd\ek fi i\]\iiXc f] gXk`\ekj n`k_ [iXZleZlc`Xj`j+ N_`jZ_Xgk\i ]fZlj\j fe k_\ ]ìjk knf ifc\j+

?<93. 1<::B;7AE:<0797F/A7<;/;2 /D/?3;3@@

;e \jj\ek`Xc ]leZk`fe è ]lc]`ccè^ k_`j ifc\ `j kf XZk`m\cp èmfcm\ d\dY\ij f]k_\ Zfddle`kp è Xcc Xjg\Zkj f] k_\ gifîXd+ Ce jf [fè^) jg\Z`XcXkk\ek`fe j_flc[ Y\ gX`[ kf i\Zil`kè^ k_\ gXik`Z`gXk`fe f] g\ijfej n_f Xi\}è]fidXc~ c\X[\ij Xj n\cc Xj k_fj\ n_f Xi\ }]fidXc~ c\X[\ij Yp d\Xej f]k_\ì gfj`k`fe è k_\ Zfddle`kp+ Jfk\ek`Xc è]cl\ek`Xc g\ijfej èZcl[\7

p E9;;175 5;45A >A 38956I A5;979>DB ;5145Ap 3><<D=9CG 851;C8 F>A:5AI F1C5A BD??;G F>A:5AI F><5= B 7A>D? ;5145A

I>@@6<: @:I:@

1USS[TOZ_ UX

\ORRGMK#RK\KR ]UXQKXY NG\K

ZNKLXUTZ#ROTK

XKYVUTYOHOROZ_LUX

SUHOROÒTM ZNK IUSS[TOZ_

GTJ GVVR_OTM ZNK U\KXGRR

NKGRZN KJ[IGZOUTVXUMXGS$

"


I B38>>; C51385AI ?>;9C931; >A71=9H1C9>= A5?A5B5=C1C9E5p 851;C8 35=C5A 5<?;>G55I CA149C9>=1; 851;5AI 17A93D;CDA1; F>A:5Ap E9;;175 B3A925 >A B53A5C1AG C> E9;;175 38956

7]] T`^^f_ZeZVd RcV `cXR_ZkVU e` gRcjZ_X UVXcVVd( 7_ VWW`ce dY`f]U SV

^RUV e` ]``\ W`c acVgZ`fd a`dZeZgV `c _VXReZgV ViaVcZV_TVd hZeY dZ Z]Rc

ac`S]V^d R_U& ?W a`ddZS]V& SfZ]U `_ eY`dV( ?e Zd Zâ`ceR_e e` ]VRc_ eYc`fXY

UZdTfddZ`_d hZeY T`^^f_Zej ^V^SVcd eYV YZde`cj& ac`S]V^d& Tfde`^d&cVd`fcTVd& R_U d`]feZ`_d R]cVRUj fdVU Sj eYV T`^^f_Zej Z_ ac`S]V^d

acVgZ`fd]j V_T`f_eVcVU( >`hVgVc& ^`de `W eYV VWW`ce e` ^`SZ]ZkV

T`^^f_Zej ]VRUVcd ^fde SV U`_V Sj R_U eYc`fXY aVcd`_d Re eYV _Vie

YZXYVc RU Z_ZdecReZgV ]VgV] RS`gV eYV gZ]]RXV ZedV]W& dfTY Rd Z_ R W`c^R]

TYRZ_ `W T`^^R_U( <`c ViRâ]V& eVRTYVcd dY`f]U SV ^`SZ]ZkVU R_U

dfaa`ceVU Sj eYV UVaRce^V_e `W VUfTReZ`_ W`c eYRe cVXZ`_& R_U eYV gZ]]RXV

TYZVWd Sj eYV a ]ZeZTR] ]VRUVcd `W eYV cVXZ`_( IYV gZ]]RXV YVR]eY h`c\Vc TR_

eYV_ h`c\ hZeY R_U eYc`fXY eYV gRcZ`fd gZ]]RXV ]VRUVcd Z_ Zâ]V^V_eZ_X eYV

ac`XcR^( IYZd Z_eVcRTeZgV Raac`RTY cVZ_W`cTVd eYV Zâ`ceR_TV `W gVceZTR]

R_U Y`cZk`_eR] T`^^f_ZTReZ`_ UVdTcZSVU Z_ 9YRaeVc - R_U Z]]fdecReVU Z_

<ZXfcV ,(


HfXXVdeVU 7TeZ`_d W`c 9`^^f_Zej B`SZ]ZkReZ`_ R_U 7hRcV_Vdd

#A`TR] AVgV]$

)& FYRcV gZ]]RXV%daVTZWZT Z_W`c^ReZ`_ hZeY ]VRUVcd e` Z_dfcV eYRe eYVj !R" cVT`X_ZkV eYRe

UcRTf_Tf]ZRdZd Zd R dVcZ`fd eYcVRe e` eYV bfR]Zej `W ]ZWV `W T`^^f_Zej ^V^SVcd R_U !S"

f_UVcdeR_U eYRe acVgV_eZ`_ R_U VgV_efR] VcRUZTReZ`_ RcV WVRdZS]V R_U cVR]ZdeZT&

*& =V]a gZ]]RXVcd VdeRS]ZdY eYV ]Z_\ SVehVV_ hReVc R_U UcRTf_Tf]ZRdZd Sj2

o T`_UfTeZ_X UV^`_decReZ`_d VZeYVc Z_ afS]ZT XReYVcZ_Xd `c Sj dZeV gZdZed e` Z_UZgZUfR] hReVcd`fcTVd& ;`c ViRâ]V$ aVà]V TR_ SV XZgV_ eYV àa`cef_Zej e` ]``\ Re eYVZc T`_eR^Z_ReVUUcZ_\Z_X hReVc eYc`fXY R ^RX_ZWjZ_X X]Rdd `c ^ZTc`dTàV$ `c dZâ]j Sj Y`]UZ_X eYV hReVcZ_ R X]Rdd `c [Rc fa e` eYV ]ZXYe e` UV^`_decReV dhZ^^Z_X TàVaÙd&

o Z_gZeZ_X eVdeZ^`_ZR]d Sj aVcd`_d hY` ]ZgV Z_ _VRcSj T`^^f_ZeZVd `c gZ]]RXVd eYRe _`h fdVT]VR_ UcZ_\Z_X hReVc R_U hYVcV UcRTf_Tf]ZRdZd YRd SVV_ V]Z^Z_ReVU `c cVUfTVU&

o V_T`fcRXZ_X Xc`fad e` UZdTfdd gRcZ`fd RdaVTed `W UcRTf_Tf]ZRdZd& GYZd TR_ SVRTT`â]ZdYVU Z_ daVTZR] T`^^f_Zej ^VVeZ_Xd `c Sj Z_T]fUZ_X UcRTf_Tf]ZRdZd `_ eYVRXV_UR `W VdeRS]ZdYVU ^VVeZ_Xd Re dTY``]d$ h`^V_ld Xc`fad$ a`]ZeZTR] R_U RXcZTf]efcR]Rdd`TZReZ`_d$ R_U Sj eYV fdV `W e`h_ TcZVcd&

:UYZ ULZNK KLLUXZ ZU

SUHORO`K IUSS[TOZ_

RKGJKXY S[YZ HK JUTK H_

GTJ ZNXU[MNVKXYUTY GZ ZNK

TK^Z NOMNKX GJSOTOYZXGZO\K

RK\KR GHU\K ZNK \ORRGMK

OZYKRL" Y[IN GY OT GLUXSGR

INGOT ULIUSSGTJ$ 4UX

K^GSVRK" ZKGINKXY YNU[RJ

HKSUHORO`KJ GTJ

Y[VVUXZKJ H_ ZNK

JKVGXZSKTZ ULKJ[IGZOUT

LUX ZNGZ XKMOUT" GTJ ZNK

\ORRGMK INOKLY H_ ZNK

VUROZOIGR RKGJKXY ULZNK

XKMOUT$

*-



+& :deRS]ZdY ^`SZ]V YVR]eY VUfTReZ`_ meVR^dn e` RddZde Z_ UZddV^Z_ReZ_X \Vj YVR]eY ^VddRXVd&

GYV W`]]`hZ_X RcV ViRâ]Vd `W ^VeYÙd R_U a`ddZS]V UZdTfddZ`_ eàZTd W`c gZdZed Sj dfTY

YVR]eY VUfTReZ`_ eVR^d2

o Z_ZeZReV UZdTfddZ`_ Sj dY`hZ_X aYè`XcRaYd `W aVà]V hZeY UcRTf_Tf]ZRdZd R_U eYV_ Rd\gRcZ`fd bfVdeZ`_d2 JYRe Zd eYV UZdVRdV5 =`h U` aVà]V XVe Ze5 =`h Zd Ze ViaVcZV_TVU `ccVT`X_ZkVU Sj aVà]V hY` YRgV Ze5 >d Ze T`^^`_ Z_ eYV T`^^f_Zej5 =Rd eYV aReeVc_ `WeYV UZdVRdV TYR_XVU `gVc eZ^V5 JYRe Zd eYV ZâRTe `W eYV UZdVRdV `_ Z_UZgZUfR]d R_U eYVZchV]WRcV Z_ eYZd T`^^f_Zej5

o ac`gZUV R_ àa`cef_Zej W`c Z_UZgZUfR]d e` cVT`f_e eYVZc aVcd`_R] ViaVcZV_TVd hZeY eYVUZdVRdV !Tf]efcR] _`c^d aVc^ZeeZ_X"& GYVdV UZdTfddZ`_d TR_ SV deZ^f]ReVU `c W`TfdVU SjfdZ_X R gRcZVej `W UZdTfddZ`_ eVTY_ZbfVd2 bfVdeZ`_d R_U R_dhVcd$ c`]V a]RjZ_X `cT`^^f_Zej eYVReVc$ afaaVe dY`hd$ de`cj%eV]]Z_X$ R_U gZdfR] ^ReVcZR]d !dfTY Rd W]Za TYRced$jZUV` gR_d$ WZ]^d$ a`deVcd$ ]VRW]Ved"&

,& :_T`fcRXV T`^^f_Zej ]VRUVcd e` T`_dZUVc W`c^Z_X R UcRTf_Tf]ZRdZd VcRUZTReZ`_

T`^^ZeeVV e` cVT`^^V_U R_U T``cUZ_ReV VcRUZTReZ`_ RTeZgZeZVd Z_ eYV T`^^f_Zej& >e ^Rj _è

SV _VTVddRcj e` VdeRS]ZdY R daVTZR] T`^^ZeeVV W`c eYZd ZW d`^V èYVc YVR]eY `c d`TZR] T`^^ZeeVV

eYRe TR_ Rddf^V eYZd Wf_TeZ`_ R]cVRUj ViZded Z_ eYV gZ]]RXV&

-& A`SZ]ZkV eYV T`^^f_Zej e` cRZdV ^`_Vj `c U`_ReV ]RS`c W`c Zâc`gZ_X eYV gZ]]RXVld

UcZ_\Z_XhReVc dfaa]j !W`c ViRâ]V$ YR_U%UfXhV]]$ S`cVY`]VhV]]$ cRZ_hReVc TReTY^V_e"&

EC@92 D@5BB=B;$ =AD@9A9BG=B; 5B8 9I5@H5G=B; G<9 <95@G<

98H75G=CB DEC;E5A

=`Ù a]R__Z_X ^fde SV SRdVU `_ cV]VgR_e Z_W`c^ReZ`_( <`c eYV acVgV_eZ`_

AU OTY[XK ZNGZ ZNK TKKJY R_U VcRUZTReZ`_ o% UcRTf_Tf]ZRdZd Re eYV T`^^f_Zej `c gZ]]RXV ]VgV]&GTJ OTZKXKYZY ULZNK ZGXMKZ cV]VgR_e Z_W`c^ReZ`_ dY`f]U Z_T]fUV R UVdTcZaeZ`_ `W hReVc'fdV SVYRgZ`cd

VUV[RGZOUT XKSGOT IKTZXGR" R_U eYV WRTe`cd eYRe Z_W]fV_TV eYV^( I` Z_dfcV eYRe eYV _VVUd R_U Z_eVcVdedSKSHKXY ULZNGZ ZGXMKZ k_\ kXi^\k J-V 0((-- cV^RZ_ TV_ecR]& ^V^SVcd `W eYRe eRcXVe aàf]ReZ`_

VUV[RGZOUT YNU[RJ HK j_flbD V èmfkm\[ )e k_\ J(0x %V ac`TVdd(-.'-0 ?_ dfTY R T`_eVie& eYVOT\UR\KJ OT ZNK2B[SOTK VUfTReZ`_R] ViTYR_XV ^Rj SV TYRcRTeVcZkVU Rd U`Z_X d`^VeYZ_X rhZeY UXUIKYY 8NK TSd\cX]faU cReYVc eYR_ re` èYVcd( 7UYVcV_TV e` eYV acZ_TZa]V `W aRceZTZaReZ`_ XcVRe]j

TgRWP]VTSG_ HK decV_XeYV_d eYV ]Z\V]ZY`Ù `W ReeRZ_Z_X eYV UVdZcVU VUfTReZ`_R] `feT`^V(

INGXGIZKXO`KJ GY JUOTMYUSKZNOTM ]OZNbXGZNKX 8VTRfdV eYVcV RcV ?_YVcV_e UZWWVcV_TVd Z_ eYV hRj aVà]V cVTVZgV R_UZNGT aZUbUZNKXY cVda`_U e` Z_W`c^ReZ`_& eYV YVR]eY VUfTReZ`_ ac`XcR^ dY`f]U fdV dVgVcR]

UZWWVcV_e ]VRc_Z_X ^VeYÙd R_U decReVXZVd e` ^RiZ^ZkV eYV ac`SRSZ]Zej `W

cVRTYZ_X VgVcj`_V Z_ eYV T`^^f_Zej( <`c ViRâ]V& eYV 9>?A:'e`'9YZ]U

Raac`RTY hYVcV TYZ]UcV_& eYc`fXY de`cj'eV]]Z_X R_U dV]VTeVU aRceZTZaRe`cj

A


;dXST[X]Tb Uâ<TP[cW 9 S f

k\Z_e`hl\j) efk fecp c\Xie XYflk Alè\X nfid) k_\p Xcjf Y\Zfd\}\[lZXkfij~ ]fi Yifk_\ij Xe[ j`jk\ij Xe[ fk_\ij k_\ì X^\+ &M\\ ;ee\o 3'N_\ ]èXc j\c\Zk`fe f] d\k_f[j Xe[ XZk`m`k`\j k_Xk n`cc Y\ lj\[ n`cc [\g\e[fe j\m\iXc ]XZkfij) èZcl[è^ &.' k_\ le`hl\ Z_XiXZk\i`jk`Zj f] k_\ kXi^\kgfglcXk`fe &k_\i\ dXp Y\ j\m\iXc jlYgfglcXk`fej fi dèfi`kp îflgjn`k_è X ^`m\e Zfddle`kp) Xe[ k_\ le`hl\ e\\[j Xe[ Z_XiXZk\i`jk`Zj f] Xccj_flc[ Y\ kXb\e èkf Zfej`[\iXk`fe'8 &/' befnc\[^\ Xj kf n_Xk d\k_f[jXi\ c`b\cp kf Y\ dfjk \]]\Zk`m\ ^`m\e k_fj\ le`hl\ Z_XiXZk\i`jk`Zj8 &0' k_\XZk`m\ èmfcm\d\ek f] ZfccXYfiXkè^ fi^Xe`qXk`fej fi gXike\ij8 Xe[ &1' k_\i\jfliZ\j XmX`cXYc\ &\Zfefd`Z) _ldXe Xe[ dXk\i`Xc' kf `dgc\d\ek k_fj\d\k_f[j+

Ce k\idj f] è[`m`[lXc XZk`fej) k_\i\ Xi\ knf gi`dXip Y\_Xm`fiXc kXi^\kj ]fik_\ gi\m\ek`fe f] [iXZleZlc`Xj`j7 &.' [ièbè^ f] nXk\i k_Xk ZfekXèjè]\Zk\[ Zfg\gf[j) Xe[ &/' nX[è^ è nXk\i Yp g\ijfej n`k_ Alè\X nfidlcZ\ij) Yc`jk\ij) fi \d\i^è^ nfidj+ Ce fi[\i kf Xmf`[ [ièbè^ nXk\i k_XkZXe ZXlj\ k_\d kf ^\k [iXZleZlc`Xj`j) k_\ Zfddle`kp Xe[ `kj d\dY\ijZflc[ le[\ikXb\ Xep f] j\m\iXc XZk`fej) èZcl[è^7

JLIN?=N k_\ì \o`jkè^ nXk\i jlggc`\j ]ifd ZfekXdèXk`fe+

@CFN?L Xcc nXk\i Y\]fi\ [ièbè^+

=IHMNLO=N X e\n nXk\i jlggcp fi iX`j\ k_\ ]le[j ]fi fe\+

;LL;HA? @IL NL?;NG?HN I@ NB? Q;N?L jlggcp n`k_ k_\Z_\d`ZXc) k\d\g_fj+ &M\\ ,D945;9=5B 6>A C85 )85<931; )>=CA>; >6)>?5?>4 .>?D;1C9>=B 9= *A13D=3D;91B9B #

N_\ m`ccX^\ _\Xck_ nfib\i j_flc[ ]fZlj _`j fi _\i Xkk\ek`fe) Xj ]Xi Xj _\Xck_\[lZXk`fe `j ZfeZ\ie\[) fe .' \]]fikj kf g\ijlX[\ m`ccX^\ij efk kf \ek\ijfliZ\j f] [ièbè^ nXk\i n_\e k_\p _Xm\ Xe \d\i^è^ Alè\X nfid fi XAlè\X nfid*i\cXk\[ Yc`jk\i fi lcZ\i Xe[ /' gifdfkè^ k_\ gifg\i lj\ f]Zcfk_ ]`ck\ij kf ]`ck\i [ièbè^ nXk\i+ N_\ fk_\i dXè èk\im\ek`fej&ki\Xkd\ek f] [ièbè^ nXk\i jfliZ\j Xe[ ZfejkilZk`fe f] X e\n nXk\ijlggcp' dXp i\hlì\ jg\Z`Xc`q\[ Xjj`jkXeZ\ ]ifd g\ijfej flkj`[\ f] k_\m`ccX^\+

;j d\ek`fe\[ è =_Xgk\i /) k_\ _\Xck_ \[lZXk`fe gifZ\jj i\hlì\j Xk_fl^_k]lc XeXcpj`j efk fecp f] k_\ gi\m\ek`m\ Y\_Xm`fij è hl\jk`fe) YlkXcjf f] k_\ mXi`flj ]XZkfij k_Xk è]cl\eZ\ jlZ_ Y\_Xm`fi+ @fi \oXdgc\) k_\jè^c\ Y\_Xm`fi f] ]`ck\iè^ nXk\i `j dfi\ Zfdgc\o k_Xe `k Xgg\Xij8 `kXZklXccp Zfej`jkj f] j\m\iXc èk\ii\cXk\[ XZk`fej) èZcl[è^7

<ORCHA,I<N;CHCHA X ]`ck\i fi ]`ck\i dXk\i`Xc

OMCHA NB? @CFN?L ]fi Xcc [ièbè^ nXk\i

+(


+++++++++++++++++++++++++++ +++ +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++DPac ==2 @TPSTabWX_ 5RcX^]bG;BDK?C= I>; <?AI;G 97G;<JAAN d` eYRe TàVaÙd hZ]] _è daZ]]Z_e` eYV WZ]eVcVU hReVc

9A;7C?C= #879@L7H>?C= L?I> <?AI;G;: L7I;G$ I>; <?AI;GRWeVc fdV

HIDG?C= I>; <?AI;G Z_ R dVTfcV a]RTV hYVcV Ze hZ]] _è SV UR^RXVU

?CHE;9I?C= I>; <?AI;G SVW`cV VRTY fdV e` SV dfcV Ze YRd _` Y`]Vd `ceVRcd

:?H97G:?C= 7 :7B7=;: <?AI;G R_U G;EA79?C= ?I

IYV R_R]jdZd `W SVYRgZ`cd dY`f]U T`_eZ_fV eYc`fXY`fe eYV VcRUZTReZ`_

VWW`ce( 7d acVgZ`fd]j ^V_eZ`_VU Z_ eYZd TYRaeVc& dfTY Z_W`c^ReZ`_ ^Rj SV

`SeRZ_VU Wc`^ T`^^f_Zej RddVdd^V_ed& T`^^f_Zej ^VVeZ_Xd& `c Wc`^

W`Tfd Xc`fa Z_eVcgZVhd(

?_ 9YRaeVc ,& eYV a`Z_e hRd ^RUV eYRe YVR]eY VUfTReZ`_ a]R__Z_X TR_ SV

TRccZVU `fe Sj XV_VcR]]j W`]]`hZ_X R deVa'Sj'deVa ac`TVdd Z_ hYZTY eYV

YVR]eY h`c\Vc4 #+$ ZUV_eZWZVd eY`dV SVYRgZ`cd eYRe ^`de T`_ecZSfeV e`

UcRTf_Tf]ZRdZd& #,$ RddVddVd eYV cVRd`_d W`c eY`dV SVYRgZ`cd& #-$ dV]VTed

R_U Zâ]V^V_ed RaacàcZReV Z_eVcgV_eZ`_ ^VeYÙd& R_U #.$ VgR]fReVd eYV

ac`XcR^ Zâ]V^V_eVU( 7 UVeRZ]VU UVdTcZaeZ`_ `W eYRe ac`TVdd& hZeYViRâ]Vd Zd acVdV_eVU Z_ 7__Vi 1(

HfXXVdeVU 7TeZ`_d W`c E]R__Z_X& ?â]V^V_eZ_X R_U ;gR]fReZ_X eYV >VR]eY

;UfTReZ`_ Ec`XcR^

#A`TR] AVgV]$

)& JZeY eVTY_ZTR] RddZdeR_TV Wc`^ eY

R_U Zâ]V^V_eReZ`_ ac`TVdd dfTY Rd

1U[XYKLUX 5[OTKG DUXS 1UUXJOTGZUXY&

V cVXZ`_$ Raa]j R d

eYRe UVdTcZSVU Z_ 7

jdeV^ReZT YVR]eY VUfTReZ`_ a]R__Z_X

>__Vi /$ `c acà`dVU Z_ eYV AXGOTOTM

*& 9ZdecZSfeV T]èY WZ]eVcd e` R]] Y`fdVY`]Ud Z_ gZ]]RXVd hYVcV UcRTf_Tf]ZRdZd `TTfcd R_U

dY`h eYV gZ]]RXVcd Y`h e` fdV eYV^ acàVc]j& >W _j]`_ `c èYVc T]èY WZ]eVcd RcV _è jVe

RgRZ]RS]V Wc`^ eYV UcRTf_Tf]ZRdZd VcRUZTReZ`_ ac`XcR^$ V_T`fcRXV gZ]]RXVcd e` fdV R_j èYVc

WZ_V]j h`gV_ T]VR_ T]èY eYVj R]cVRUj YRgV e` WZ]eVc eYVZc hReVc$ eR\Z_X TRcV e` V_dfcV eYRe dfTY

T]èY Zd dfZeRS]V R_U Zd _è fdVU ZW Ze YRd Y`]Vd&

+)



+& :_dfcV eYV acàVc fdV `W T]èY WZ]eVcd Sj T`_UfTeZ_X cVaVReVU UV^`_decReZ`_d Z_ d^R]]

Xc`fad Z_ eYV gZ]]RXV R_U Z_ Z_UZgZUfR] Y`fdVY`]Ud&

,& HdV ^f]eZa]V ^VeYÙd R_U ^f]eZa]V TYR__V]d e` )" V_T`fcRXV aVcd`_d hY` YRgV R_

V^VcXZ_X <fZ_VR h`c^ `c <fZ_VR%h`c^%cV]ReVU S]ZdeVcd `c f]TVcd _è e` V_eVc R UcZ_\Z_X

hReVc d`fcTV R_U *" V_T`fcRXV YVR]eYj WR^Z]j `c T`^^f_Zej ^V^SVcd e` XReYVc hReVc W`c

dfTY aVcd`_d d` eYVj U` _è YRgV e` V_eVc eYV d`fcTV `W UcZ_\Z_XhReVc&

-& >_dfcV eYRe acVgV_eZ`_ ^VddRXVd RcV T`_gVjVU e` aReZV_ed R_U eYVZc WR^Z]ZVd Z_ Z_UZgZUfR]

T`f_dV]Z_X& ;`c ViRâ]V$ \Vj acVgV_eZ`_ ^VddRXVd dY`f]U SV R SRdZT T`â`_V_e `W YVR]eY

h`c\Vcdl c`feZ_V hYV_ eYVj ac`gZUV ecVRe^V_e W`c R aVcd`_ hZeY UcRTf_Tf]ZRdZd$ hYV_ eYVj

UZdecZSfeV WZ]eVcd$ `c UfcZ_X eYVZc^`_eY]j gZdZed e` Y`fdVY`]Ud W`c T`f_eZ_X TRdVd&

=] bd\\Pah$ P bdRRTbbUd[ ]PcX^]P[ SaPRd]Rd[XPbXb TaPSXRPcX^]_a^VaP\ aT`dXaTb cWT R^\\Xc\T]c P]S PRcX^] Û ]PcX^]P[$ aTVX^]P[P]S R^\\d]Xch [TPSTabWX_& BPcX^]P[ bdRRTbb Xb ST_T]ST]c d_^]\d[cX_[T bdRRTbbTb Pc cWT R^\\d]Xch â eX[[PVT [TeT[ fWTaT cWTfâZTab \dbc aT[h d_^] cWT cX\T[h PbbXbcP]RT P]S bd__âc Ua^\ cWTXaaTVX^]P[ P]S ]PcX^]P[ _Pac]Tab Ua^\ P[[ bTRcâb&


E:;:E:B8:F

.+ Bfgbèj >L) Ll`q*N`Y\e ?+ >iXZleZl``Xj`j ?iX[`ZXk`fe7 NXi^\k .662+ ;d\i`ZXe DflieXc f] Nifg`ZXcG\[`Zè\ Xe[ Bp^`\e\ .66-8 10&0'7/63*0--+

/+ QXk\i Xe[ MXe`kXk`fe ]fi B\Xck_ Jifa\Zk &Q;MB'+ ;[[è^ Alè\X Qfid =fekifc =fdgfe\ekj7Al`[\cè\j ]fi QXk\i Xe[ MXe`kXk`fe Jifa\Zkj+ &Ji\gXi\[ ]fi k_\ I]]`Z\ f] B\Xck_) <li\Xl ]fi MZ`\eZ\ Xe[N\Z_efcf^p) O+M+ ;^\eZp ]fi Cek\ieXk`feXc >\m\cfgd\ek'+ Q;MB @`\c[ L\gfik Hf+ 2.) GXiZ_ .6557 gX^\ 0+

0+ QXkkj MD) <i`\^\i QL) RXZffY G+ Alè\X Qfid7 ;e Ce*>\gk_ Mkl[p f] Q_Xk BXgg\ej kf Gfk_\ij)@Xd`c`\j Xe[ =fddle`k`\j+ MfZ MZ` G\[ .6568 /6&6'7.-10*16+

1+ ;bgfm` MO) Df_ejfe >=) <i`\^\i QL+ Alè\X Qfid =fekifc7 N\jkè^ k_\ ?]]`ZXZp f] B\Xck_ ?[lZXk`fe èJi`dXip =Xi\+ Cek\ieXk`feXc DflieXc f] B\Xck_ ?[lZXk`fe .65.8 /1&1'7//6*/04+

2+ QXi[ Q<) H\ldXee ;E) JXggf\ G?+ =fddle`kp B\Xck_ ?[lZXk`fe è LliXc A_XeX7 N_\ >Xe]X Jifa\Zk+;e ;jj\jjd\ek f] ;ZZfdgc`j_d\ekj+ Cek\ieXk`feXc DflieXc f] =fddle`kp B\Xck_ ?[lZXk`fe .65.*5.8/&/'7.10*.22+

3+ <i`\^\i QL) ;bgfm` MO+ ; B\Xck_ ?[lZXk`fe ;ggifXZ_ kf NiXèè^ P`ccX^\ B\Xck_ Qfib\ij è H`^\i`X+Cek\ieXk`feXc KlXik\icp f] =fddle`kp B\Xck_ ?[lZXk`fe .65/8 0&/'7.12*.2/+

4+ AYXip ;L) Al`^l\d[\ NL) Il\[iXf^f D<+ FX >iXZleZlcfj\) Oe @c\Xl ?iX[`hl\ >Xej Nif`j P`ccX^\j >l<libèX @Xjf JXi FÅ?[lZXk`fe MXe`kXì\+ <lcc\kè >\ FX MfZ`\k\ >\ JXk_fcf^`\ ?ofk`hl\ .6548 5-706-*062+

5+ Qfic[ B\Xck_ Ii^Xe`qXk`fe+ =fddle`ZXk`fe7 ; Al`[\ ]fi GXeX^\ij f] HXk`feXc >`Xii_f\Xc >`j\Xj\=fekifc JifîXdd\j+ A\e\mX7 Qfic[ B\Xck_ Ii^Xe`qXk`fe) .6547 1-*15+

6+ ;ckdXe >A) @cfiX D;) @fidXee MJ) @Xihl_Xi DQ+ N_\ =fjk*\]]\Zk`m\e\jj f] N_i\\ Mdfbè^ =\jjXk`feJifîXdj+ ;d\i`ZXe DflieXc f] JlYc`Z B\Xck_ .6548 447.23/*.232+

.-+ Afi[fe ;D+ Gò\[ MkiXk\^`\j è B\Xck_ ?[lZXk`fe Xe[ =fddle`kp JXik`Z`gXk`fe7 ;e ?mXclXkfe f]>\e^l\ =fekifc è k_\ >fdè`ZXe L\glYc`Z+ B\Xck_ ?[lZXk`fe L\j\XiZ_) N_\fip Xe[ JiXZk`Z\ .65580&1'7066*1.6+

..+ B\Xk_ AQ) F\feXi[ <?) Q`cjfe LB) E\e[i`Zb D?) Jfn\cc E?+ =fddle`kp*YXj\[ ?o\iZ`j\Cek\im\ek`fej7 Sle` >`XY\k\j Jifa\Zk+ >`XY\k\j =Xi\ .6548.-&2'7246*250+

./+ PèZ\ek GF) =c\Xi`\ ;L) MZ_clZk\i G>+ L\[lZè^ ;[fc\jZ\ek Ji\êXeZp k_ifl^_ MZ_ffc B\Xck_ Xe[=fddle`kp*YXj\[ ?[lZXk`fe+ DflieXc f] k_\ ;d\i`ZXe G\[`ZXc ;jjfZ`Xk`fe .6548/247 005/*0053+

.0+ Gfi`jbp >?) F\mè\ >F) Ai\\e FQ) M_Xgìf M) Lljj\cc LJ) Md`k_ =L+ @`m\*p\Xi <cff[ Ji\jjli\ =fekifcXe[ GfikXc`kp @fccfnè^ B\Xck_ ?[lZXk`fe ]fi Bpg\ik\ej`m\ JXk`\ekj+ ;d\i`ZXe DflieXc f] JlYc`Z B\Xck_.6508407.20*.3/+

- -


.1+ @fidXee MJ) Q`cc`Xdj JN) Blcc\p M<) \k Xc+ >f\j >`\kXip B\Xck_ ?[lZXk`fe L\XZ_ Iecp k_\ Ji`m`c\^\[:N_\ MkXe]fi[ N_i\\ =fddle`kp Mkl[p+ =ìZlcXk`fe .65/8 33&.'744*5/+

.2+ Gfpe`_Xe G) Glb_\ia\\ O+ P`jlXc =fddle`ZXk`fe n`k_ Hfe*F`k\iXk\j7 ; L\m`\n f] =lii\ek Eefnc\[^\CeZcl[è^ L\j\XiZ_ è Hfik_\ie Ce[`X+ Cek\ieXk`feXc DflieXc f] B\Xck_ ?[lZXk`fe .65.8 /17/2.*/3/+

.3+ ;bgfm` MO) Df_ejfe >=) <i`\^\i QL+ Alè\X Qfid =fekifc7 N\jkè^ k_\ ?]]`ZXZp f] B\Xck_ ?[lZXk`feè Ji`dXip =Xi\+ Cek\ieXk`feXc DflieXc f] B\Xck_ ?[lZXk`fe .65.8 /1&1'7//6*/04+

.4+ EfkZ_\e DG) GZE\Xe B?) DXZbjfe*N_Xp\i M) \k Xc+ N_\ CdgXZk f] X B`^_ <cff[ Ji\jjli\ =fekifcJifîXd fe Bpg\ik\ej`fe =fekifc Xe[ =P> GfikXc`kp+ DflieXc f] k_\ ;d\i`ZXe G\[`ZXc ;jjfZ`Xk`fe .6548/247005/*0053+

.5+ JljbX J) \k Xc+ N_\ =fddle`kp*YXj\[ MkiXk\^p kf Ji\m\ek =fifeXip B\Xik >`j\Xj\7 =feZclj`fej ]ifdk_\ N\e R\Xij f] k_\ Hfik_ EXi\c`X Jifa\Zk+ ;eelXc L\m`\n f] JlYc`Z B\Xck_ .6528 37.14*.60+

.6+ PXik`Xè\e ?) \k Xc+ Ji\m\ek`fe f] Hfe*Zfddle`ZXYc\ >`j\Xj\j7 L`jb @XZkfij è Rflk_*k_\ Hfik_EXi\c`X Rflk_ Jifa\Zk &.651*.655' B\Xck_ Jifdfk`fe .6538 .&0'7/36*/50+

/-+ Alp\i <) AXccX^_\i MM) =_Xe^ <B) ;qqXiX =P) =lggc\j F;) =fckfe N+ Ji\m\ek`fe f] =_`c[_ff[ Ceali`\j7?mXclXk`fe f] k_\ MkXk\n`[\ =_`c[_ff[ Cealip Ji\m\ek`fe JifîXd &M=CJJ'+ ;d\i`ZXe DflieXc f] JlYc`ZB\Xck_ .6568 467.2/.*.2/4+

/.+ FXe[f B;) Ffb\e <) BfnXi[*J`ke\p <) J\Z_XZ\b N+ =fddle`kp CdgXZk f] X FfZXc`q\[ Mdfbè^=\jjXk`fe =fek\jk+ ;d\i`ZXe DflieXc f] JlYc`Z B\Xck_ .66-8 5-7232*236+

//+ J`\iZ\ DJ) GXZXjb`cc J) B`cc ;+ Ffe^*k\id ?]]\Zk`m\e\jj f] GXjj G\[`X F\[ ;ek`jdfbè^ =XdgX`êj è;ljkiXc`X+ ;d\i`ZXe DflieXc f] JOYc`Z B\Xck_ .66-8 5-7232*236+

/0+ <i`\^\i QL) LXdXbi`j_eX D) ;[\ep` D>+ =fddle`kp Cemfcm\d\ek è MfZ`Xc GXib\kè^7 Alè\X =fekifc+Cek\ieXk`feXc KlXik\icp f] =fddle`kp B\Xck_ ?[lZXk`fe .653*548 4&.'7.6*0.+

/1+ HXe^Xn\ ?) M_fd\k @) LfnY\i^ ?) \k Xc+ =fddle`kp JXik`Z`gXk`fe7 N_\ GXXjX` B\Xck_ M\im`Z\jJifa\Zk) NXeqXe`X+ Cek\ieXk`feXc KlXik\icp f] B\Xck_ ?[lZXk`fe .653*548 47010*02.+

/2+ L\jlckj f] k_\ MZ_ffc B\Xck_ ?mXclXk`fe+ DflieXc f] MZ_ffc B\Xck_ .652 &IZkfY\i'8 02&5'7 \ekì\ `jjl\+

/3+ J\iip =c) Fl\gb\i LP) GliiXp >G) \k Xc+ JXi\ek Cemfcm\d\ek n`k_ =_`c[i\eÅj B\Xck_ Jifdfk`fe7 k_\Gèe\jfkX Bfd\ N\Xe+ ;d\i`ZXe DflieXc f] JlYc`Z B\Xck_ .6558 457..23*..3-+ ;cjf) J\iip =F) \k Xc+Ji\[`Zkfij f] ;[fc\jZ\ek Mdfbè^7 Cdgc`ZXk`fej ]fi Ji\m\ek`fe+ GfiY`[`kp Xe[ GfikXc`kp Q\\bcp L\gfik.6518 03&12') M\gk\dY\ij

/4+ GliiXp >G) L`Z_Xi[j JM) \k Xc+ N_\ Ji\m\ek`fe f] =`^Xi\kk\ Mdfbè^ è =_`c[i\e7 Nnf Xe[ N_i\\*R\Xi@fccfn*lg =fdgXi`jfej f] @fli Ji\m\ek`fe MkiXk\^`\j+ DflieXc f] <\_Xm`fiXc G\[`Zè\ .6548 .-7262*3..+

/5+ <\ik\iX LF JcXeeè^ Xe[ Cdgc\d\ekè^ B\Xck_ Jifdfk`fe è k_\ QfibgcXZ\7 ; =Xj\ Mkl[p f] k_\>lgfek ?og\i`\eZ\+ B\Xck_ ?[lZXk`fe KlXik\icp .66- &@Xcc' 8.4&0'70-4*0/4+


/6+ <cp DF) Dfe\j L=) L`Z_Xi[jfe D?+ CdgXZk f] Qfibj`k\ B\Xck_ Jifdfk`fe fe B\Xck_ =Xi\ =fjkj Xe[Ok`c`qXk`fe7 ?mXclXk`fe f] k_\ Df_ejfe Xe[ Df_ejfeÅj F`m\ ]fi F`]\ JifîXd+ DflieXc f] k_\ ;d\i`ZXeG\[`ZXc ;jjfZ`Xk`fe .6538/23&/0'0/02*0/1-+

0-+ <cXì MH) \k Xc+ ; JlYc`Z B\Xck_ Cek\im\ek`fe Gf[\c ]fi Qfibj`k\ B\Xck_ Jifdfk`fe+ DflieXc f] k_\;d\i`ZXe G\[`ZXc ;jjfZ`Xk`fe .6538 /22&4'76/.*6/3+

0.+ Efkkb\ N?) <Xkk`jkX LH) >\]i`\j\ AB) <i\bb\ GF+ ;kki`Ylk\j f] MlZZ\jj]lc Mdfbè^ =\jjXk`feCek\im\ek`fe è G\[`ZXc JiXZk`Z\7 ; G\kX*XeXcpj`j f] 06 =fekifcc\[ Ni`Xcj+ DflieXc f] k_\ ;d\i`ZXe G\[`ZXc;jjfZ`Xk`fe .6558 /26&.6'7/550*/556+

0/+ Gfi`jbp >?) >\Glk_ HG) \k Xc+ ?mXclXk`fe f] @Xd`cp B\Xck_ ?[lZXkfè kf <l`c[ MfZ`Xc Mlggfik ]fiFfe^*k\id =fekifc f] B`^_ <cff[ Ji\jjli\+ B\Xck_ ?[lZXk`fe KlXik\icp .6528 ./&.'702*2-+

00+ Gfi`jbp >?) GXcfkk\ =E) \k Xc+ ; JXk`\ek ?[lZXk`fe JifîXd kf Cdgifm\ ;[_\i\eZ\ L;k\j n`k_;ek`klY\iZlcfj`j >il^ L\^`d\ej+ B\Xck_ ?[lZXk`fe KlXik\icp .66-8 .4&0'7/20*/35+

01+ Gèbc\i G+ =`k`q\e JXik`Z`gXk`fe è B\Xck_ è k_\ L\glYc`Z f] =lYX+ Cek\ieXk`feXc KlXik\icp f]=fddle`kp B\Xck_ ?[lZXk`fe .65-*5.8 .723*45+

02+ Ai\\e FQ+ N_\ N_\fip f] JXik`Z`gXk`fe7 ; KlXek`kXk`m\ ;eXcpj`j f] Ckj ?ogi\jj`fe è HXk`feXc Xe[Cek\ieXk`feXc B\Xck_ Jfc`Z`\j+ ;[mXeZ\j è B\Xck_ ?[lZXk`fe Xe[ B\Xck_ Jifdfk`fe .6538 . &JXik ;'+

03+ <iXZ_k H) Njflifj ;+ JièZ`gc\j Xe[ MkiXk\^`\j f] ?]]\Zk`m\ =fddle`kp JXik`Z`gXk`fe+ B\Xck_Jifdfk`fe Cek\ieXk`feXc .66-8 2&0'7 .66*/-5+

FV]VTeVU 7ZS]Z`XcRaYj

; GXelXc fe B\Xck_ ?[lZXk`fe Xe[ Ji`dXip B\Xck_ =Xi\+ .654+ QBI

Ai\\e FQ) Ei\lk\i GQ+ B\Xck_ Jifdfk`fe JcXeeè^7 ;e ?[lZXk`feXc Xe[ ?emìfed\ekXc ;ggifXZ_+ Gk+P`\n) =Xc`]fie`X7 GXp]`\c[ JlYc`j_\ij) .66.+

Lfk_dXe D+ N_i\\ df[\cj f] Zfddle`kp fi^Xe`qXk`fe+ Ce SXckdXe) EXkc\i Xe[ EXl]dXe \[j+') =i\Xkè^MfZ`Xc =_Xe^\) .6447 1*4/*2-.+

<i`\^\i QL) LXdXbi`j_eX D) ;bgfm` MO) ;[\e`p` D>+ M\c\Zkè^ Xck\ieXk`m\ jkiXk\^`\j ]fi Zfddle`kp _\Xck_\[lZXk`fe è ^lè\X nfid Zfekifc+ Cek` KlXik+ =fdd+ B\Xck_ ?[+ .6518 2&1'70 . 0*0/-+

<i`\^\i QL) Lfj\ejn\`^ @+ .655+ Qfibj_fg fe Alè\X Qfid Xk k_\ =fddle`kp F\m\c7 ; NiXèè^ Al`[\+Q;MB N\Z_e`ZXc L\gfik Hf+ 2-+

?b\_ B) ;[\e`p` D+ .654+ Ojè^ k\XZ_\ij Xj Z_Xe^\ X^\ekj è k_\ Zfekifc f] kifg`ZXc [`j\Xj\j7 Xe\okiX*Zlii`ZlcXi XggifXZ_+ Cek+ KlXik+ =fdd+ B\Xck_ ?[+ .6548 3&1'70/0*000+

-/


Cj\`p L<) Rf_Xc\d >+ ; Qfibj_fg >\j`ê ]fi =fddle`kp JXik`Z`gXk`fe+ Pfcld\ C+ MkXikè^ Qfib n`k_=fddle`k`\j &C=? ! NL-15'+ Pfcld\ CC JcXeeè^ Xe[ Cdgc\d\ekè^ MljkXèXYc\ Jifa\Zkj &C=? ! NL-16'+Q;MB N\Z_e`ZXc L\gfik Hf+ 00).655+

Glcc\i L+ Alè\X nfid [`j\Xj\7 \g`[\d`fcf^p) Zfekifc) Xe[ ki\Xkd\ek+ <lcc+ QBI .6468 54&0'350*356+

Md`k_ D) RXZffY G+ N\XZ_è^ XYflk Alè\X Qfid Ji\m\ek`fe7 ; GXelXc ]fi M\Zfe[Xip MZ_ffc N\XZ_\ij+Q;MB @`\c[ L\gfik Hf+ //0).655+

+5


7CC;M;H

+$rsMt MYuik` Z3

'-Xh\$ WV 23KZ nX`D

+ GSK\]_]P S6S] K]J]+jSNm,PM #JU& cWWYB LX] âG"]_PO#S \ l Oh$$ i$gKk!""$((dZeZ8'Zm "q0 _èeZ!RWVdP


6BB:K )

E:FCHE8: 9C8HA:BGF 6B9 I>FH6@6>9F ;CE 9E68HB8H@>6F>F

:E69>86G>CB DEC<E6AF

898 <fZUV]Z_Vd

;dXST[X]Tb Uâ 8TeT[^_X]V P D[P] Û 5RcX^] Uâ 8aPRd]Rd[XPbXb 9aPSXRPcX^]Da^VaP\b&

Ji\gXi\[ Yp k_\ QBI =fccXYfiXkè^ =\ek\i ]fi L\j\XiZ_) NiXèè^) Xe[ ?iX[`ZXk`fe f]>iXZleZlc`Xj`j Xk k_\ =\ek\ij ]fi >`j\Xj\ =fekifc+

N_\j\ ^l`[\cè\j Xi\ èk\e[\[ ]fi lj\ Yp eXk`feXc Xe[ i\^`feXc Xlk_fi`k`\j)gifîXd f]]`Z`Xcj) Xe[ ZfejlckXekj kf k_\ Gè`jki`\j f] B\Xck_ Z_Xi^\[ n`k_[\m\cfgè^ X eXk`feXc gcXe f] XZk`fe ]fi \iX[`ZXk`fe f] [iXZleZlc`Xj`j+

;mX`cXYc\ è ?e^c`j_ Xe[ è @i\eZ_+=fjk7 @i\\ f] Z_Xi^\+

;dXST[X]Tb Uâ FdaeTX[[P]RT X] 8aPRd]Rd[XPbXb 9aPSXRPcX^] Da^VaP\b&


N_\j\ ^l`[\cè\j Xi\ èk\e[\[ kf _\cg g\ijfej èmfcm\[ n`k_[iXZleZlc`Xj`j \iX[`ZXk`fe gifîXdj dXb\ [\Z`j`fej XYflk k_\ [\j`ê fidf[`]`ZXk`fe f] jlim\`ccXeZ\ kf dfe`kfi Xe[ [fZld\ek k_\ [`jXgg\XiXeZ\f] k_\ [`j\Xj\+

;mX`cXYc\ è ?e^c`j_ Xe[ @i\eZ_+=fjk7 @i\\ f] Z_Xi^\+

;dXST[X]Tb Uâ <TP[cW 9SdRPcX^] P]S 7^\\d]Xch A^QX[XiPcX^] X] 8aPRd]Rd[XPbXb9aPSXRPcX^] Da^VaP\b&

Ji\gXi\[ Yp k_\ Qfic[ B\Xck_ Ii^Xe`qXk`fe =fccXYfiXkè^ =\ek\i ]fi L\j\XiZ_) NiXèè^)Xe[ ?iX[`ZXk`fe f] >iXZleZlc`Xj`j Xk k_\ =\ek\ij ]fi >`j\Xj\ =fekifc è ZfealeZk`fe n`k_AcfYXc /--- Jifa\Zk) =Xik\i Ji\j`[\ek`Xc =\ek\i) CeZ+


N_\j\ ^l`[\cè\j Xi\ èk\e[\[ ]fi lj\ Yp eXk`feXc) i\^`feXc) [`jki`Zk) Xe[Zfddle`kp c\m\c g\ijfee\c èmfcm\[ n`k_ [\m\cfgè^ Xe[ `dgc\d\ekè^_\Xck_ \[lZXk`fe Xe[ Zfddle`kp dfY`c`qXk`fe gcXej è eXk`feXc[iXZleZlc`Xj`j \iX[`ZXk`fe gifîXdj+

;mX`cXYc\ è ?e^c`j_ Xe[ @i\eZ_+=fjk7 @i\\ f] Z_Xi^\+

;dXST[X]Tb Uâ 7WT\XRP[ 7^]ca^[ Û 7^_T_^S D^_d[PcX^]b X] 8aPRd]Rd[XPbXb9aPSXRPcX^] Da^VaP\b&


N_\j\ ^l`[\cè\j Xi\ èk\e[\[ kf _\cg g\ijfej èmfcm\[ n`k_[iXZleZlc`Xj`j \iX[`ZXk`fe gifîXdj dXb\ [\Z`j`fej XYflk Z_\d`ZXcZfekifc f] Zfg\gf[ gfglcXk`fej è jfliZ\j f] [ièbè^ nXk\i+

;mX`cXYc\ è ?e^c`j_ Xe[ è @i\eZ_+=fjk7 @i\\ f] Z_Xi^\+

L\hl\jk k_\j\ Al`[\cè\j ]ifd7 QBI =fccXYfiXkè^ =\ek\i ]fi L\j\XiZ_) NiXèè^) Xe[?iX[`ZXk`fe f] >iXZleZlc`Xj`j) =\ek\ij ]fi >`j\Xj\ =fekifc) >`m`j`fe f] JXiXj`k`Z >`j\Xj\j@//).3-- =c`]kfe LfX[) ;kcXekX) A\fi^`X 0-000+ N\c\g_fe\7 &1-1' 155*12-6+

D@6BB>B<

5SSX]V ;dX]TP Jâ\ 7^]ca^[ 7^\_^]T]cb2 ;dXST[X]Tb Uâ JPcTa P]S FP]XcPcX^]Da^YTRcb&

J5F< GTRW]XRP[ ET_âc B^& -)$ APh )100$ 44 __&5dcWâb2 5V\P DaX]b P]S APh KPR^^Q&

N_\j\ ^l`[\cè\j gifm`[\ è]fidXk`fe fe _fn kf X[[ X [iXZleZlc`Xj`j Zfekifc Zfdgfe\ekkf \o`jkè^ cXi^\*jZXc\ eXk`feXc nXk\i Xe[ jXe`kXk`fe gifa\Zkj) Xe[ Xi\ èk\e[\[ ]fi lj\ Ypgifa\Zk f]]`Z\ij f] gi`mXk\ mfclekXip fi^Xe`qXk`fej) fk_\i [fefij) Xe[ eXk`feXc X^\eZ`\j è\e[\d`Z Zfleki`\j+

;mX`cXYc\ è ?e^c`j_ Xe[ è @i\eZ_+L\hl\jk ]ifd7 Q;MB Jifa\Zk) .3.. H+ E\ek Mki\\k) Lffd .--.) ;icè^kfe)P; ///-6*/...) OM;+ =fjk7 @i\\ f] Z_Xi^\+

+-


7^bc%9UUTRcXeT 5__a^PRWTb c^ cWT 7^]ca^[ Û 8aPRd]Rd[XPbXb&J5F< GTRW]XRP[ ET_âc B^& +0$ FT_cT\QTa )10.$ F+ __&5dcWâ2 >^W] DPd[&

N_`j dfefîXg_ [\jZi`Y\j X df[\c [\m\cfg\[ kf _\cg ZfdgXi\ k_\ Zfjkj Xe[ Y\e\]`kj f][`]]\i\ek èk\im\ek`fej &gifm`j`fe f] jX]\ [ièbè^ nXk\i) _\Xck_ \[lZXk`fe) Z_\d`ZXc Zfekifcf] Zfg\gf[j' è k_\ Zfekifc f] [iXZleZlc`Xj`j+

;mX`cXYc\ è ?e^c`j_+L\hl\jk ]ifd7 Q;MB Jifa\Zk) .3.. H+ E\ek Mki\\k) Lffd .--.) ;icè^kfe)P; ///-6*/...) OM;+=fjk7 @i\\ f] Z_Xi^\+

GE6>B>B<

;dX]TP Jâ\=8aPRd]Rd[XPbXb 9aPSXRPcX^] Da^VaP\\T2 GaPX]X]V 7^dabT Uâ ;dX]TPJâ\ 7^âSX]Pcâb&

Ji\gXi\[ Yp k_\ QBI =fccXYfiXkè^ =\ek\i ]fi L\j\XiZ_) NiXèè^) Xe[ ?iX[`ZXk`fe f]>iXZleZlc`Xj`j Xk k_\ =\ek\ij ]fi >`j\Xj\ =fekifc è ZfccXYfiXk`fe n`k_ AcfYXc /---Jifa\Zk) =Xik\i Ji\j`[\ek`Xc =\ek\i) CeZ++

N_`j 2 [Xp Zflij\ nXj [\j`ê\[ ]fi [`jki`Zk*c\m\c _\Xck_ nfib\ij è A_XeX)Ylk j_flc[ Xcjf Y\ lj\]lc è fk_\i \e[\d`Z Zfleki`\j+ GXk\i`Xcj èZcl[\ XkiXè\iÅj ^l`[\) gXik`Z`gXek gXZb\k) Xe[ Zflij\ [ì\ZkfiÅj ^l`[\+ N_\gXZb\k ZfekXèj Zflij\ _Xe[flkj) _\Xck_ \[lZXk`fe dXk\i`Xcj &èZcl[è^ X>iXZleZlclj d\[è\ej`j c`]\ ZpZc\ ]c`g Z_Xik') Xe[ afY X`[j) jlZ_ Xj Z_Xikj]fi b\\gè^ i\Zfi[j+ Nfg`Zj èZcl[\ jlim\`ccXeZ\) Zfddle`kp Xjj\jjd\ek)gifdfkè^ Zfddle`kp XZk`fe) gifdfkè^ è[`m`[lXc Xe[ ]Xd`cp XZk`fe)m\Zkfi Zfekifc) Xe[ Zcè`ZXc ki\Xkd\ek+

;mX`cXYc\ è ?e^c`j_ Xe[ è @i\eZ_+L\hl\jk ]ifd7 >i+ >feXc[ Bfgbèj) AcfYXc /--- Jifa\Zk) .51- Hfik_Bl[jfe) =_`ZX^f) CF 3-3.1) OM;+=fjk7 @i\\ f] Z_Xi^\+

JâZbW^_ ^] ;dX]TP Jâ\ 7^]ca^[ Pc cWT 7^\\d]Xch @TeT[2 5 GaPX]X]V ;dXST&J5F< GTRW]XRP[ ET_âc B^& -($ >P]dPah )100$ 0+ __&5dcWâb2 JX[[XP\ E& 6aXTVTa P]S :aTS E^bT]bfTXV&

N_`j kiXèè^ ^l`[\ `j [\j`ê\[ kf _\cg kiXè\ij Zfe[lZk X /*.,/ [Xpnfibj_fg ]fi gXik`Z`gXekj kf `dgifm\ k_\ì jb`ccj è gcXeeè^ Xe[`dgc\d\ekè^ [iXZleZlc`Xj`j Zfekifc gifa\Zkj+ N_\ ^l`[\ `j fi`\ek\[kfnXi[j `dgifmè^ [ièbè^ nXk\i jfliZ\j Xj k_\ gi\]\ii\[ èk\im\ek`fe+N_\ nfibj_fg `j èk\e[\[ ]fi g\ijfej n_f nfib è iliXc Zfddle`kpj\kkè^j Xe[ n_f _Xm\ i\jgfej`Y`c`kp ]fi Zfekifccè^ [iXZleZlc`Xj`j &\+ +)


_\Xck_ Xjj`jkXekj) elij\j) _\Xck_ èjg\Zkfij) Xe[ fk_\i [`jki`Zk*c\m\c &efkm`ccX^\*c\m\c' _\Xck_ nfib\ij+

;mX`cXYc\ è ?e^c`j_ Xe[ è @i\eZ_+L\hl\jk ]ifd7 Q;MB Jifa\Zk) .3.. H+ E\ek Mki\\k) Lffd .--.) ;icè^kfe)Pì^è`X ///-6*/...) OM;+=fjk7 @i\\ f] Z_Xi^\+

Da^VaP\\X]V ;dXST Uâ ;dX]TP Jâ\ 9aPSXRPcX^]&J5F< :XT[S ET_âc +)1$ 8TRT\QTa )11(& )((__&5dcWâb2 8PeXS K^WP[T\& ETeXbTS Qh >& 6T]YP\X] P]S D& C[b^]&

N_\ ^l`[\ ZfekXèj YXZbîfle[ è]fidXk`fe fe k_\ ZXlj\j Xe[ \]]\Zkj f]Alè\X nfid [`j\Xj\ Xe[ k_\ Zfddfe èk\im\ek`fej i\Zfdd\e[\[ YpQBI) k_\ =\ek\ij ]fi >`j\Xj\j =fekifc) OHC=?@) Xe[ ;+C+>+ Ck Xcjfjl^^\jkj ifc\j Xe[ i\jgfej`Y`c`k`\j ]fi J\XZ\ =figj jkX]] kf Zffi[èXk\Xe[ gifdfk\ Pfclek\\i èmfcm\d\ek è \iX[`ZXk`fe \]]fikj Xj gXik f] XeXk`feXc gifîXd+

;mX`cXYc\ è ?e^c`j_ Xe[ è @i\eZ_+L\hl\jk ]ifd7 Q;MB Jifa\Zk) .3.. H+ E\ek Mk+) Lffd .--.) ;icè^kfe)Pì^è`X ///-6*/...) OM;+=fjk7 @i\\ f] Z_Xi^\+

CaXT]cPcX^] c^ ;dX]TP Jâ\ 8XbTPbT2 5 ;dXST Uâ HbT X] DaT%FTaeXRT P]S =]%FTaeXRTGaPX]X]V&J5F< :XT[S ET_âc +*($ >P]dPah )11)& ,*__&5dcWâb2 8PeXS K^WP[T\ P]S FPaPW :ah&

N_`j ^l`[\ Xe[ fi`\ekXk`fe `j X`d\[ Xk J\XZ\ =figj kiXè\\j Xjj`ê\[ kfZfddle`k`\j X]]\Zk\[ Yp Alè\X nfid [`j\Xj\+ Ckj gligfj\ `j kf _\cg]Xd`c`Xi`q\ k_\j\ kiXè\\j n`k_ k_\ eXkli\ f] Alè\X nfid [`j\Xj\ Xe[ kf_\cg k_\d [\]è\ k_\ì ifc\ è \iX[`ZXkè^ k_\ [`j\Xj\ è k_\ì Zfddle`k`\j+

;mX`cXYc\ è ?e^c`j_ Xe[ è @i\eZ_+L\hl\jk ]ifd7 Q;MB Jifa\Zk) .3.. H+ E\ek Mk+) Lffd .--.) ;icè^kfe)Pì^è`X ///-6*/...) OM;+=fjk7 @i\\ f] Z_Xi^\+


G:68=>B< >B F8=CC@F

GTPRWX]V PQ^dc ;dX]TP Jâ\ DaTeT]cX^]2 5 AP]dP[ Uâ FTR^]SPah FRW^^[GTPRWTab&J5F< :XT[S ET_âc B^& **+$ :TQadPah )100$ 1+ __&5dcWâb2 >Pb^] F\XcW P]S APh KPR^^Q&

N_`j dXelXc gifm`[\j jXdgc\ c\jjfe gcXej) i\jfliZ\ dXk\i`Xcj) Xe[ Xeflkcè\ ]fi X kiXèè^ nfibj_fg ]fi k\XZ_\ij n_f n`cc lj\ k_\ ^l`[\ kf\[lZXk\ jkl[\ekj XYflk [iXZleZlc`Xj`j Xe[ `kj gi\m\ek`fe+

;mX`cXYc\ è ?e^c`j_ Xe[ è @i\eZ_+L\hl\jk ]ifd7 Q;MB Jifa\Zk) .3.. H+ E\ek Mki\\k) Lffd .--.) ;icè^kfe)P; ///-6*/...) OM;+=fjk7 @i\\ f] Z_Xi^\+

;WP]P ;dX]TP Jâ\ 9aPSXRPcX^] Da^VaP\\T GTPRWTab <P]SQ^^Z&8TeT[^_TS Qh P H&F& DTPRT 7â_b I^[d]cTTa$ X] R^[[PQâPcX^] fXcW ;[^QP[ *(((Da^YTRc'677= P]S cWT ;WP]P AX]XbcaXTb Û <TP[cW P]S 9SdRPcX^]&

N_`j Yffbc\k [\jZi`Y\j k_\ Alè\X nfid c`]\ ZpZc\) ]`ckiXk`fe f] [ièbè^nXk\i ljè^ Zcfk_ ]`ck\ij) Xejn\ij Zfddfecp*Xjb\[ hl\jk`fej XYflkAlè\X nfid [`j\Xj\) Xe[ gifm`[\j \o\iZ`j\j ]fi glg`cj+

;mX`cXYc\ è ?e^c`j_+L\hl\jk ]ifd7 Gi+ FXiip >f[[) AcfYXc /--- Jifa\Zk) A_XeX AQ?J)Ji`mXk\ GX`cYX^) EfkfbX Cek\ieXk`feXc ;ìgfik) ;ZZiX) A_XeX+=fjk7 @i\\ f] Z_Xi^\+

GTPRWX]V ;dX]TP Jâ\ DaTeT]cX^] X] FTR^]SPah FRW^^[b2 5 ;dXST Uâ GaPX]X]V

DTPRT 7â_b I^[d]cTTa GTPRWTab&J5F< :XT[S ET_âc +*)$ >P]dPah )11)& //__&5dcWâb2 8PeXS K^WP[T\ P]S FPaPW :ah&

N_`j kiXèè^ ^l`[\ `j X`d\[ Xk J\XZ\ =figj Pfclek\\i j\Zfe[Xip jZ_ffck\XZ_\ij Xjj`ê\[ kf Zfddle`k`\j n_\i\ Alè\X nfid [`j\Xj\ `j\e[\d`Z+ Ckj gligfj\ `j kf _\cg ]Xd`c`Xi`q\ k_\j\ mfclek\\ij n`k_ k_\eXkli\ f] Alè\X nfid [`j\Xj\ Xe[ kf _\cg k_\d [\]è\ k_\ ifc\ k_\p Xe[k_\ì jkl[\ekj d`^_k gcXp è \iX[`ZXkè^ k_\ [`j\Xj\ è k_\ì Zfddle`k`\j+

;mX`cXYc\ è ?e^c`j_ Xe[ è @i\eZ_+L\hl\jk ]ifd7 Q;MB Jifa\Zk) .3.. H+ E\ek Mk+) Lffd .--.) ;icè^kfe)

Pì^è`X ///-6*/...) OM;+=fjk7 @i\\ f] Z_Xi^\+

+G


F@>9:F

I>9:CF

J<C F[XST FTc FTaXTb2 GWT ;dX]TP Jâ\&

L\hl\jk ]ifd7 >i+ J_`c`gg\ LXehl\) @`cXi`Xj`j Oe`k) =N>) Qfic[ B\Xck_Ii^Xe`qXk`fe) ./.. A\e\mX /4) Mn`kq\icXe[+=fjk7 OM "3-+-- g\i j\k+

G5@7 F[XST FTc2 8aPRd]Rd[XPbXb !;dX]TP fâ\ SXbTPbT"&

N_`j k\XZ_è^ jc`[\ j\k nXj [\m\cfg\[ ]fi glYc`Z Xe[ Zfddle`kp _\Xck_nfib\ij) Xe[ jXe`kXi`Xej Xe[ \ok\ej`fe nfib\ij n_f Xi\ ZfeZ\ie\[ n`k_nXk\i jlggc`\j è Xi\Xj n_\i\ [iXZleZlc`Xj`j Cj Zfddfe+

L\hl\jk ]ifd7 N\XZ_è^ ;`[j Xk Ffn =fjk &N;F=') @fle[Xk`fe ]fiN\XZ_è^ ;`[j Xk Ffn =fjk) Cejk`klk\ f] =_`c[ B\Xck_) 0- Al`c]fi[ Mki\\k)Ffe[fe Q=CH C?B) ?e^cXe[+

IYZd dVe `W 0+ T`]`c d]ZUVd hRd acVaRcVU Sj eYV L`c]U >VR]eY DcXR_ZkReZ`_(

;dX]TP Jâ\2 GWT :XTah FTa_T]c&

; /-*dèlk\ Zfcfi m`[\f &XmX`cXYc\ è PBM) HNM= ]fidXkj' n`k_ jfle[+Jif[lZ\[ Yp k_\ =\ek\ij ]fi >`j\Xj\ =fekifc è Zffg\iXk`fe n`k_ OHC=?@)OH>J) Xe[ AcfYXc /---) CeZ+

;mX`cXYc\ è ?e^c`j_ Xe[ è @i\eZ_+

GWT JPcTab Û 5h [TO

N_`j /5*dcelk\ Zfcfi m`[\f &XmX`cXYc\ è PBM) HNM= ]fidXkj' n`k_ jfle[)gif[lZ\[ Yp OH>J Xe[ OM;C>) èZcl[\j jfd\ ]ffkX^\ XYflk Alè\Xnfid [`j\Xj\ è i\cXk`fe kf X iliXc nXk\i jlggcp gifa\Zk è Nf^f+

;mX`cXYc\ è ?e^c`j_ Xe[ è @i\eZ_+

L\hl\jk ]ifd7 Oe`k\[ HXk`fej >\m\cfgd\ek JifîXd) >`m`j`fe f]Ce]fidXk`fe) Ie\ Oe`k\[ HXk`fej JcXqX) Lffd >=.*.6-1) H\n Rfib) HR.--.4) OM;+ N\c\g_fe\ &/./' 6-3*20.5+ ?XZ_ m`[\f `j XmX`cXYc\ Xk X Zfjkf] OM ".2+-- &=_\Zbj,dfe\p fi[\ij dljk Y\ è OM [fccXij'

++


;>@AFGE>DF';@>D 8=6EGF

JWTaT 8^Tb GWT ;dX]TP Jâ\ 7^\T :a^\4

<Xj\[ fe X gifa\Zk Zfe[lZk\[ è EXk`) Nf^f) k_`j ]`cdjki`g Xe[,fi ]c`g Z_Xik`j [\j`ê\[ kf \eZfliX^\ îflg gXik`Z`gXk`fe f] n_Xk k_\ Xl[`\eZ\ j\\j è\XZ_ g`Zkli\+

;mX`cXYc\ è ?e^c`j_ Xe[ è @i\eZ_+L\hl\jk ]ifd7 Qfic[ H\`^_Yfij) 2..3 H+ JfikcXe[ ;m\el\) IbcX_fdX=`kp) IE 40../*/-65) OM;+ N\c\g_fe\ &1-2' 613*0000+=fjk7 OM ".-+-- g\i ]`cd jki`g fi ]c`g Z_Xik+

;dX]TP Jâ\'8aPRd]RdXXPbXb 9aPSXRPcX^] Da^VaP\\T2 GaPX]X]V 7^dabT Uâ ;dX]TPJâ\ 7^âSX]Pcâb&

N_`j kiXèè^ Zflij\ ZfekXèj X >iXZleZlclj d\[è\ej`j c`]\ ZpZc\ ]c`gZ_Xik) &j\\ le[\i NL;CHCHA'+

>B;CEA6G>CB 8:BG:EF

JPcTa P]S FP]XcPcX^] Uâ <TP[cW !J5F<" P]S cWT ITRcâ 6X^[^Vh P]S 7^]ca^[ Da^YTRc!I67" =]Uâ\PcX^] 7T]cTa&

N_\ Q;MB Xe[ P<= Jifa\Zkj Xi\ jlggfik\[ Yp k_\ O+M+ ;^\eZp ]fiCek\ieXk`feXc >\m\cfgd\ek kf `dgifm\ k_\ hlXc`kp f] c`]\ ]fi g\fgc\ è[\m\cfgè^ Zfleki`\j+ P<= `j [\j`ê\[ kf `dgifm\ k_\ \]]\Zk`m\e\jj f]m\Zkfi Zfekifc gifîXdj Yp gifm`[è^ k\Z_e`ZXc j\im`Z\j kf `[\ek`]p n\Xbcèbj è k_\ Z_Xè f] kiXejd`jj`fe &Yfk_ Y`fcf^`ZXc Xe[ fg\iXk`feXc'+ Q;MBgifm`[\j j_fik*k\id k\Z_e`ZXc Xjj`jkXeZ\ j\im`Z\j ]fi nXk\i jlggcp Xe[jXe`kXk`fe gifa\Zkj+ IYa\Zk`m\j f] k_\ è]fidXk`fe Z\ek\i Xi\ kf7

v Zfcc\Zk Xe[ fi^Xe`q\ glYc`ZXk`fej) i\gfikj) Xe[ Xik`Zc\jg\ikXèè^ kf Alè\X nfid8

v i\jgfe[ kf è]fidXk`fe i\hl\jkj XYflk Alè\X nfid Xe[ kf[`jki`Ylk\ fi kiXejcXk\ g\i`f[`Z Ylcc\kèj fi e\njc\kk\ij8

v [\m\cfg X [XkXYXj\ fe Alè\X nfid jg\Z`Xc`jkj Xe[ZfejlckXekj8

v \jkXYc`j_ X [XkXYXj\ fe Zlii\ek Alè\X nfid Zfekifc gifa\Zkj8

v [\m\cfg X [XkXYXj\ kf dfe`kfi Xe[ i\gfik fe fZZlii\eZ\ figi\mXc\eZ\ f] Alè\X nfid8 Xe[

+u


v gi\gXi\ è]fidXk`fe gXZb\kj,Yi`\]è^ [fZld\ekj f] Alè\Xnfid ]fi OM;C> _\Xck_ f]]`Z\ij) Gè`jkip f] B\Xck_ I]]`Z`Xcj) \kZ+

N_\ è]fidXk`fe Z\ek\i kiXejcXk\j k_\ =\ek\ij ]fi >`j\Xj\ =fekifcX[dè`jkiXk`m\ Zfddle`ZXk`fe Alè\X Qfid QiXg*lg èkf @i\eZ_ Xe[[`jki`Ylk\j `k kf @iXeZfg_fe\ Zfleki`\j+ Nf i\hl\jk è]fidXk`fe ni`k\ kf7

;dX]TP Jâ\ =]Uâ\PcX^] 7T]cTa

Q;MB Jifa\Zk.3.. Hfik_ E\ek Mki\\k) Ml`k\ .--.;icè^kfe) Pì^è`X ///-6*/...) OM;

,d


6__Vi *

FfXXVdeVU AVddRXVd$ D`ddZS]V 8YR__V]d `W 8`^^f_ZTReZ`_$ R_U FaVTZWZT

GRcXVe <c`fad W`c 9cRTf_Tf]ZRdZd DcVgV_eZ`_ R_U :cRUZTReZ`_ Dc`XcR^d

G?MM;A?M

KZ]]RXVcd `c JdVcd

Bfn fe\ ^\kj [iXZleZlccXj`j

@`ck\i nXk\i kf gi\m\ek [iXZleZlc`Xj`j

Bfn kf lj\ k_\ ]`ck\i Zfii\Zkcp

=Xi\ f] k_\ ]`ck\i

>f efk ZfekXdèXk\ jfliZ\ f] [ièbè^ nXk\i

B\cg e\`^_Yfi n_f _Xj [iXZleZlc`Xj`j kf Zfcc\Zk nXk\i

HTY``]TYZ]UcV_ R_U IVRTYVcd

Bfn [iXZleZlc`Xj`j `j jgi\X[

Bfn kf gi\m\ek [iXZleZlc`Xj`j

Bfn kf ki\Xk [iXZleZlc`Xj`j

B\cg \c[\ij kf Zfcc\Zk nXk\i

>VR]eY L`c\Vcd

Q_Xk Cj [iXZleZlc`Xj`j:

Bfn `j `k jgi\X[:


GXeX^\d\ek f] ZXj\j7@fccfn*lg) kiXZ\) j\XiZ_) ki\Xk

Ii^Xe`q\ k_\ Zfddle`kp

<\ j\ej`k`m\ kf cfZXc Y\c`\]j

G?NBI>M,=B;HH?FM

Jfjk\ij

MZ_ffc Z_`c[i\e

;l[`fm`jlXc X`[j

F\Xieè^ X`[j &]`gZ_Xikj'

BXe[Y`ccj

N\c\m`j`fe Xe[ iX[`f

>iXdX) [\dfejkiXk`fe) ifc\*gcXpè^

Nfne Zi`\ij

G\\kè^j) Z_liZ_\j) dfjhl\j) dXib\k nfd\e

@XZ\*kf*]XZ\ Zfddle`ZXk`fe

F\Zkli\j

>\dfejkiXk`fe fe k_\ Zfii\Zk lj\ f] ]`ck\ij

JXi\ek,N\XZ_\i ;jjfZ`Xk`fej

?o\iZ`j\ Yffbj

?jjXp Zfdg\k`k`fej

>\YXk\j

=fd`Z Yffbj

Qfibj_fgj,j\dèXij

NiXèè^ dXelXcj Xe[ Z_Xikj

Mlg\im`jfip m`j`kj

A


B;HH7=;H

8VeeVc AZWV W`c GfcR] L`^V_

>iXZleZlc`Xj`j i\[lZ\j èZfd\ f] iliXc nfd\e

Bfn [iXZleZlc`Xj`j `j kiXejd`kk\[


?[lZXk`fe `j X b\p kf gi\m\ek`fe

GV]ZXZ`fd AVRUVcd

Bfn [iXZleZlc`Xj`j `j kiXejd`kk\[


Bfn kf ]`ck\i nXk\i

?iX[`ZXk`fe i\hlì\j Zfddle`kp èmfcm\d\ek

E`]ZTj BR\Vcd

Q_Xk `j [iXZleZlc`Xj`j:

Jifm`[\ jX]\ nXk\i

HXk`feXc Xe[ jkXk\ kXjb ]fiZ\j gifdfk\ gifîXdj

?[lZXk\ k_\ glYc`Z XYflk [iXZleZlc`Xj`j \iX[`ZXk`fe

H\\[ kf dfe`kfi \iX[`ZXk`fe gifîXdd\ è k_\ì jkXk\j

CeZfigfiXk\ èkf gi`dXip _\Xck_ ZXi\ gifîXdd\ è k_\ì jkXk\j

?Zfefd`Z,jfZ`Xc `dgXZk f] [iXZleZlc`Xj`j

IRd\ <`cTV BV^SVcd

L\^lcXi Xkk\e[XeZ\ f] d\\kè^j Yp k_\ jXd\ g\ijfe]fi Zfekèl`kp

H\\[ ]fi èk\im\ek`fe k_ifl^_flk p\Xi

NXi^\k [Xk\j ]fi \iX[`ZXk`fe

8TeT[^_TS Qh2

=VR]eY :UfTReZ`_ FfST`^^ZeeVVBReZ`_R] GRd\ ;`cTVBZXVcZR_ <fZ_VR J`c^ :cRUZTReZ`_ Dc`XcR^^V

CTe`SVc ,$)11(

B;I>D:H)9>7CC;AH

M\dèXij

G\\kè^j

N\c\m`j`fe Xe[ iX[`f

=_liZ_,dfjhl\ j\idfej

>`jZljj`fe îflgj

BXe[Y`ccj

>ì\Zk [`jZljj`fe

;Zk`m`k`\j fe HXk`feXc Alè\X Qfid >Xp

@le[*iX`jè^ Xk k_\ jkXk\ c\m\c

SfeXc ]XZ`c`kXkfij

=_Xìd\e f] NXjb @fiZ\j

G\dY\ij f] MkXk\ NXjb @fiZ\j

FA; =ffi[èXkfij

Jifî\jj i\gfikj

+/


:iRâ]Vd `W IZdfR] 6aa]ZTReZ`_d

6__Vi +


PP Rg ZU:G<A84IBD@WZ]eVc j`fc

UcZ_\Z_XhReVc`SeRZ_VU Wc ^ a`_Ud(


?< DCAN JCH7<; L7I;G ?H 7K7?A78A; L>;C NDJ >7K; =J?C;7LDGB

)' 7Y XY^ QY SX^Y ^RO N\SXUSXQ aKÔ\ ]Y_\MO]'*' >OOZ cY_\ aY_XN N\c% MVOKX KXN MYÒ\ON'+' 7Y XY^ MYÒ\ cY_\ aY_XN aS^R KXc USXN YP KXSWKV N_XQ% Y\

\OWSNSO] WKNO P\YW ]YSV \YY^]% RO\L]% YSV',' <P cY_ QO^ K RSQR POÒ\ Y\ cY_\ aY_XN LOMYWO] Ò\c ]aYVVOX

]OO K ROKV^R aY\UO\ PY\ ^\OK^WOX^ K] ]YYX K] ZY]]SLVO'-' <P cY_ K\O _XKLVO ^Y QY% ]OXN ]YWOYXO SX cY_\ PKWSVc ^Y

L\SXQ ^RO WONSMKV ROVZ ^Y cY_'.' <P aSXNSXQ YP ^RO aY\W S] Z\KM^SMON% NY S^ QOX^Vc% LOMK_]O

L\OKUSXQ ^RO aY\W MKX MK_]O ]O\SY_] MYWZVSMK^SYX]'/' <P cY_\ LOQSX XYa ^Y KVaKc] N\SXU YXVc ]KPO aKÔ\ cY_ aSVV

XY^ RKÒ Q_SXOKaY\W XOb^ cOK\'0' 4VaKc] PSVÔ\ Y\ LYSV _X]KPO aKÔ\ LOPY\O N\SXUSXQ ^Y

Z\OÒX^ Q_SXOKaY\W XOb^ cOK\'

)& 6]hRjd WZ]eVc Ze SVW`cV UcZ_\Z_X

p ;Z]eVcZ_X cV^`gVd eYV XfZ_VRh`c^ SRSZVd Wc`^ eYV hReVc

p HdV `_]j R WZ_V UèY `c R daVTZR] WZ]eVc cVT`^^V_UVU Sj R

YVR]eY h`c\Vc W`c WZ]eVcZ_X

*& 6UU eV^VaY`d !6SReV" e` hReVc

pj`fc YVR]eY h`c\Vc hZ]] eVRTY j`f Y`h e` fdV eV^VaY`d

!6SReV" e` \Z]] eYV XfZ_VR h`c^ SRSZVd&

pdaVTZR] TRcV Zd cVbfZcVU Z_ YR_UZ_X eV^VaY`d

+& 7`Z] eYV hReVc SVW`cV UcZ_\Z_X&

pS`Z]Z_X \Z]]# R]] eYV XfZ_VR h`c^ SRSZVd Z_ eYV hReVc&

pS`Z]Z_X R]d` \Z]]d èYVc XVc^d

,& J`c\ hZeY j`fc T`^^f_Zej e` acèVTe j`fc hReVc d`fcTVd

Wc`^ WfceYVc T`_eR^Z_ReZ`_&

=fZ_VR L`c^):cRTf_Tf]ZRdZd;cRUZTReZ`_ Ec`XcR^^V

EcÙfTVU Sj eYV>VR]eY ;UfTReZ _ J_Ze W`c eYV Dj` HeReV=fZ_VRh`c^ ;cRUZTReZ _ Ec`XcR^^V

:ZdVRdV 9`_ec`] :VaRce^V_eBZ_Zdecj `W >VR]eY ?SRUR_


<79IH 78DJI =J?C;7 LDGB :?H;7H;

=J?C;7 LDGB 9DB;H <GDB I>; :G?C@?C=L7I;G

C @KX QO^] :_SXOK IY\W Lc N\SXUSXQaKÔ\ P\YW _X]KPO ]Y_\MM]'

*' GX]KPO aKÔ\ RK] Q_SXOK aY\W LKLSO]SX S^

+' FRO Q_SXOK aY\W LKLSO] QY SX^Y WKX]LYNc aRO\O ^ROc VSÒ KXN Q\Ya SX^YKN_V^ Q_SXOK aY\W]'

,' <^ ^KUO] KLY_^ âOVÒ WYX^R] PY\ K LKLcQ_SXOK aY\W ^Y Q\Ya SX^Y KX KN_V^Q_SXOK aY\W'

-' FRO aY\W ]VYaVc WYÒ] P\YW ^RO]^YWKMR ^Y KXc ZVKMO _XNO\ ^RO ]USX'

.' IROX ^RO aY\W S] \OKNc ^Y MYWO Y_^ KZKSXP_V LVS]Ô\ KZZOK\] YX ^RO ]USX%aRSMR MK_]O] K L_\XSXQ POOVSXQ'

/' @KXc ZOYZVO ^\c ^Y \OVSOÒ ^RO ZKSX LcZ_^^SXQ ^RO LVS]Ô\ SX aKÔ\'

0' IROX S^ ^Y_MRO] aKÔ\% ^RO LVS]Ô\L\OKU]% ^RO aY\W ]^K\^] ^Y MYWO Y_^%KXN ^RY_]KXN] YP ^SXc Q_SXOK aY\WLKLSO] K\O \OVOK]ON SX^Y ^RO aKÔ\'

1' EY aROXOÒ\ K WKX aS^R Q_SXOK aY\W_VMO\ QYO] SX^Y ^RO aKÔ\ ^Y QK^RO\aKÔ\% Y\ T_]^ ^Y \OVSOÒ ^RO ZKSX% RO XSV]^RO aKÔ\ aS^R Q_SXOK aY\W LKLSO]'

)(' IROX KXY^RO\ WKX MYWO] ^Y N\SXU ^RS]aKÔ\ MYX^KSXSXQ ^RO LKLSO] ^RO McMVO]^K\^] KVV YÒ\ KQKSX'

)' CSZON aKÔ\*' IOVV aS^R RKXN Z_WZ0+ IOVV aS^R \YZO KXN L_MUO^,' DKSX aKÔ\'

JCH7<; L7I;G HDJG9;H

)' CYXN% ?KUO% 7KW*' DSÒ\% E^\OKW% 6KXKV$ IY\U aS^R cY_\ MYWW_XS^c ^Y

Z\YÔM^ cY_\ aKÔ\ ]Y_\MO P\YWMYX^KWSXK^SYX'

Jqe dRWV afâ hReVc

:G?C@ DCAN L7I;G L>?9> ?H H7<; <GDB=J?C;7 LDGB 9DCI7B?C7I?DC H7<; L7I;G

HDJG9;H

JdV dRWV hV]] hReVc

H?I;H D< =J?C;7 LDGB JA9;G

)' @Y]^ YP ^RO ^SWO Q_SXOK aY\WMYWO] Y_^ P\YW OS^RO\ ^RO?OQ] Y\ ^RO POO^

*' ;YaOÒ\% K aY\W WKc]YWO^SWO] MYWO Y_^ P\YW ^ROROKN% K\W% MRO]^% L\OK]^%RKXN Y\ Y^RO\ ZK\^] YP ^RO LYNc'

0+ <^ S] ZY]]SLVO PY\ YXO ZO\]YX ^YRKÒ ]OÒ\KV Q_SXOK aY\WMYWSXQ Y_^ YP NSPPO\OX^ ZVKMO]'

E;GHDCH L?I> =J?C;7LDGB JA9;GH DG8A?HI;GH BJHI CDI =D ?CID I>;

:G?C@?C= L7I;G HDJG9;

)' IY\U aS^R cY_\ MYWW_XS^c ^Y Z\YÔM^ cY_\ aKÔ\ ]Y_\MO]P\YW MYX^KWSXK^SYX'

*' 5_SVN K \O]^SXQ ]ROVÔ\ K^ aK^PM\ ]Y_\MO ^Y OXMY_\KQO SXPOMÔN ZO\]YX] ^Y ]^Kc Y_^ YP ^RO aKÔ\ aRSVO K XYX&SXPOMÔNZO\]YX QK^RO\] aKÔ\ PY\ ^ROW'

+' 5_SVN K ZVK^PY\W SX^Y ^RO aKÔ\ ]Y_\MO ^Y UOOZ SXPOMÔNZO\]YX] P\YW MYWSXQ SX^Y MYX^\KM^ aS^R ^RO aKÔ\'

,' CY]^ K VYMKV K_^RY\S^c ^Y WYXS^Y\ aKÔ\ ]Y_\MO e ^Y \VV9SXPOMÔN ZO\]YX] Y_^ YP ^RO aKÔ\ ]Y_\MO'

-' 8N_MKÔ MYWW_XS^c WOWLO\] ^Y UOOZ SXPOMÔN ZO\]YX] Y_^%YP ^RO aKÔ\ ]Y_\MO'

.' 7S]ZVKc ZY]Ô\] K^ aKÔ\ ]Y_\MO] ^Y UOOZ SXPOMÔN ZO\]YXY_^ YP ^RO aKÔ\'


8 8 ; 2 1 !!!6 " * 3 4 )* 9<71 **


BReZ`_R] <fZ_VRh`c^ :cRUZTReZ`_ 9Rj 8`^^V^`cReZgV D`deRXV FeRâd

9ReV `W EV]VRdV2 ARcTY *($ )11)

)(? R_U +(? deRâd UVdZX_VU Sj Ac& <&B& Cdf[Z

*(? deRâ UVdZX_VU Sj 8&C& CXSVS`c

6__Vi ,

F Z c W e Z ^ ^ Z eo''^

A BHXk`feXc Alè\Xnfid?iX[`ZXk`fe >XpNXi^\k Ä 62

EcVgV_e=fZ_VRh`c^

?_WVT eZ`_


6__Vi -

Jifm`[è^ ^l`[XeZ\ è Z_Xe^è^ Y\_Xm`fij dXp Y\ XZZfdgc`j_\[ k_ifl^_ [`]]\i\ekXggifXZ_\j Xk j\m\iXc [`]]\i\ek c\m\cj f] gXik`Z`gXk`fe+ Ce ZXiipè^ flk k_\ _\Xck_ \[lZXk`fekXjb) k_\ _\Xck_ nfib\i dXp Y\ i\hlì\[ kf gifm`[\ [ì\Zk Zflej\cè^ n`k_ Xe Ce[`m`[lXc fi]Xd`cp fe\ [Xp) n_`c\ gi\gXiè^ X gifîXd ]fi X d\\kè^ n`k_ k_\ d\dY\ij f] Xe \ekì\m`ccX^\ k_Xk X]k\ieffe+

N_\ _\Xck_ \[lZXkfi dljk Y\ ]c\o`Yc\ Xe[ XYc\ kf hl`Zbcp i\Zfê`q\ k_Xk \XZ_ Xl[`\eZ\dXp i\hlì\ [`]]\i\ek _\Xck_ \[lZXk`fe XZk`m`k`\j+ @fli f] k_\ dfjk Zfddfe ifc\j)Zflej\cfi) ]XZ`c`kXkfi) cèb\i) Xe[ kiXè\i) Xi\ gi\j\ek\[ Y\cfn+

p 7^d]bT[â

Ce k_`j ifc\) k_\ _\Xck_ \[lZXkfi \eZfliX^\j è[`m`[lXcj kf k_èb XYflk k_\ì gifYc\dj jfk_Xk k_\p Zfd\ kf X î\Xk\i le[\ijkXe[è^ f] k_\ ZXlj\j+ ;Zkè^ Xj X Zflej\cfi) k_\ _\Xck_\[lZXkfi Cekif[lZ\j g\ijfej kf Xck\ieXk`m\ jfclk`fej kf gifYc\dj+ ;j X i\jlck f] e\nèj`^_k Xe[ le[\ijkXe[è^) k_\ c`b\c`_ff[ `j èZi\Xj\[ k_Xk k_\p n`cc Zfdd`k k_\dj\cm\j kfkXbè^ XZk`fe k_Xk n`cc jfcm\ gifYc\dj+

9gP\_[T

5 bRW^^[ cTPRWTa \PZTb P W^\T eXbXc c^ cWT UP\X[h Û P _d_X[ fW^ WPb

\XbbTS P fTTZ Û bRW^^[$ cWT RWX[Snb \^cWTa WPb ;J8 P]S bWT ]TTSb

cWT RWX[S c^ UTcRW cWT fPcTa& GWT cTPRWTa$ X] cWT a^[T Û P WTP[cW TSdRPcâ$

[XbcT]b RPaTUd[[h Pb cWT \^cWTa P]S RWX[S Tg_[PX] cWT _a^Q[T\& GWT

TSdRPcâ Tg_aTbbTb R^]RTa] PQ^dc cWT \^cWTanb bdUUTaX]V P]S P[b^ ]^cT

cWT eP[dT Û bRW^^[ PccT]SP]RT P]S T]R^daPVTb cWT \^cWTa c^ cWX]Z Û

P[cTa]PcXeT b^[dcX^]b c^ cWT _a^Q[T\&

GWT RWX[S \T]cX^]b cWPc bWT RP] R^[[TRc b^\T fPcTa TPa[h QTUâT bRW^^[&

GWT \^cWTa aT\T\QTab UaXT]Sb fW^\ bWT WT[_TS X] cWT _Pbc fW^ fX[[

aTcda] P UPeâ& GWT \^cWTa cWX]Zb cWPc bWT RP] R^\T d_ fXcW P fPcTa

R^[[TRcX^] bRWTSd[T cWPc fX[[ PSSaTbb cWT _a^Q[T\ fX[[ fâZ fXcW^dc

bPRaXUXRX]V cWT RWX[Snb bRW^^[ fâZ& 5RcX]V Pb R^d]bT[â$ cWT WTP[cW

TSdRPcâ WPb VdXSTS cWT SXbRdbbX^]$ Qdc P[[^fTS cWT UP\X[h c^ \PZT Xcb

^f] STRXbX^]b&

k :PRX[XcPcâ

Ce k_`j ifc\) k_\ _\Xck_ \[lZXkfi ]fjk\ij ZìZldjkXeZ\j k_Xk n`cc cfn\i YXii`\ij kf \eXYc\ Xeè[`m`[lXc) îflg) fi Zfddle`kp kf kXb\ _\Xck_]lc XZk`fej+ N_\ _\Xck_ \[lZXkfi [f\j k\cc

E`]Vd `W eYV =VR]eY :UfTRe`c#

#GR\V_ Wc`^ FZ]gVcWZ_V :&3 7cZVXVc$ J&3 8YfcTYZ]]& 8`^^f_Zej%7RdVU >_ZeZReZgVd e` :cRUZTReV <fZ_VR J`c^2 6

AR_fR] W`c DVRTY 8`cad I`]f_eVVcd$ H&F& DVRTV 8`cad R_U 6XV_Tj W`c >_eVc_ReZ`_R] 9VgV]à^V_e$ FVaeV^SVc

)11($ JRdYZ_Xe`_$ 9&8&

-)


gXik`Z`gXekj n_Xk k_\p j_flc[ ]\\c) k_èb) fi [f+ LXk_\i) _\,j_\ gifm`[\j X j\kkè^ n_\i\g\fgc\) n_f j_Xi\ X Zfddfe gifYc\d) ZXe Zfd\ kf^\k_\i Xe[ _\cg k_\dj\cm\j+

N_\ îflg dXp d\\k feZ\ Xe[ Y\ jXk`j]`\[ fi k_\p dXp \eafp k_\ \og\i`\eZ\ f] j_Xiè^ XgifYc\d Xe[ [\Z`[\ kf d\\k X^Xè+ Ck `j `dgfikXek k_Xk k_\ _\Xck_ \[lZXkfi ]fjk\ij k_\]\\cè^ k_Xk k_\ îflg Y\cfe^j kf `kj d\dY\ij) Xe[ k_\p _Xm\ k_\ ZXgXZ`kp kf) Xe[k_\i\]fi\ j_flc[) XZk è X nXp k_Xk ZXe Y\jk j\im\ k_\ì èk\i\jk+

9gP\_[T

5] 5VaXRd[cdaP[ 9gcT]bX^] JâZTa aTR^V]XiTb cWPc bTeTaP[ UPa\Tab PaT

R^\_[PX]X]V QTRPdbT cWTh S^]nc WPeT T]^dVW _T^_[T c^ fâZ X] cWT [P]S

QTRPdbT cWTh$ P]S'â cWTXa UP\X[XTb PaT bXRZ fXcW ;J8& GWT fâZTa X]eXcTb

bTeTaP[ UPa\Tab c^ WPeT RÛUTT Pc WXb W^dbT ^]T TeT]X]V& JWT] cWT

UPa\Tab PaaXeT$ cWTXa R^\\^] R^\_[PX]c bdaUPRTb X] cWT R^]eTabPcX^]&

GWT TgcT]bX^] fâZTa bdVVTbcb cWPc cWT bXcdPcX^] RP] QT RWP]VTS P]S

VXeTb cWT UPa\Tab TgP\_[Tb Û W^f ^cWTab fXcW P bX\X[Pa _a^Q[T\b WPeT

b^[eTS Xc& 5UcTa bTeTaP[ U^[[^f%d_ \TTcX]Vb$ cWT Va^d_ STRXSTb c^ QdX[S P

WTPS fP[[ Pa^d]S cWT [^RP[ fT[[&

k @X]ZTa

H\knfibè^ `j Xe `dgfikXek _\Xck_ \[lZXkfi ]leZk`fe k_Xk _\cgj cèb X Zfddle`kp &fiè[`m`[lXc' n`k_ X i\jfliZ\ X^\eZp fi îflg+ N_\ _\Xck_ \[lZXkfi Ce`k`Xccp j\im\j Xj XeX[mfZXk\ ]fi k_\ e\\[j f] k_\ Zfddle`kp Ylk \m\eklXccp Yiè^j k_\ Zfddle`kp Xe[X^\eZ`\j kf^\k_\i kf jfcm\ k_\ gifYc\d afèkcp+ N_\ cèb dXp Y\ dX[\ Y\kn\\e îflgjn`k_è X Zfddle`kp fi Y\kn\\e X Zfddle`kp Xe[ Xe \ok\ieXc fi^Xe`qXk`fe k_Xk ZXegifm`[\ k\Z_e`ZXc fi ]èXeZ`Xc Xjj`jkXeZ\+

9gP\_[T

JWX[T eXbXcX]V P eX[[PVT c^ cP[Z PQ^dc cWT ;J8 _a^Q[T\$ cWT WTP[cW

TSdRPcâ QTR^\Tb PfPaT cWPc cWT eX[[PVTab PaT d_bTc QTRPdbT cWT R[^cW

UX[cTab \T]cX^]TS ^] cWT aPSX^ WPeT ]TeTa QTT] ST[XeTaTS c^ cWT eX[[PVT&

GWT WTP[cW TSdRPcâ Tg_[PX]b cWPc cWT R[^cW Xb PePX[PQ[T Uâ R^[[TRcX^] Pc

cWT 8XbcaXRc <TP[cW CUUXRT&

GWT eX[[PVTab R^\_[PX] cWPc cWTh S^] c Z]^f W^f c^ j\n cWT UX[cTab& GWT

TSdRPcâ ]^cTb cWPc cWT 8XbcaXRc GPX[âbn 5bb^RXPcX^] WPb V^]T ^] aTRâS

c^ WT[_ P]S daVTb cWT eX[[PVTab c^ bT]S aT_aTbT]cPcXeTb c^ \TTc Pc cWT

SXbcaXRc WTPS`dPacTab cWT TSdRPcâ fX[[ X]ca^SdRT cWT\ c^ cWT WTP[cW ÛUXRT

bcPUU P]S cWT cPX[âb&

k GaPX]Ta

Ce k_\ ifc\ f] kiXè\i) _\Xck_ \[lZXkfij gifm`[\ ]fidXc fi Ce]fidXc fggfikle`k`\j kf kiXej]\ibefnc\[^\) jb`ccj) Xe[ Xkk`kl[\j kf fk_\i _\Xck_ Xe[ [\m\cfgd\ek nfib\ij Xj n\cc Xj kfZfddle`kp d\dY\ij+ ;ck_fl^_ _\Xck_ \[lZXkfij dXp efk Y\ k\Z_e`ZXc \og\ikj fe \m\ipjlYa\Zk) k_\p [f _Xm\ k_\ XY`c`kp kf fi^Xe`q\ Xggifgi`Xk\ c\Xieè^ \og\i`\eZ\j èZfccXYfiXk`fe n`k_ k\Z_e`ZXc jkX]]+

--


9gP\_[T

5 eX[[PVT STeT[^_\T]c R^\\XccTT WPb STRXSTS UX[cTaX]V Xb P V^^S bWâc

cTa\ \TPbdaT c^ VTc ;J8 d]STa R^]ca^[$ Qdc ]^]T Û cWT \T\QTab WPb

TeTa dbTS P UX[cTa& GWT R^\\XccTT PbZb cWT WTP[cW TSdRPcâ c^ WT[_ _[P] P

caPX]X]V bTbbX^] fXcW cWT\ b^ cWPc cWTh RP] [TPa] W^f c^ dbT UX[cTab

RâaTRc[h P]S bdQbT`dT]c[h W^f c^ SXbcaXQdcT cWT UX[cTab X] cWT R^\\d]Xch&

5 bdQR^\\XccTT$ X]R[dSX]V cWT WTP[cW TSdRPcâ$ Xb Uâ\TS c^ _[P] cWT

caPX]X]V& GWTh XST]cXUh cWT R^]RT_cb P]S bZX[[b cWTh fP]c c^ [TPa]$ b_TRXUh

cWT \^bc P__a^_aXPcT \TcW^Sb P]S \PcTaXP[b ]TTSTS Uâ cWT caPX]X]V&

GWTh ^dc[X]T P bRWTSd[T P]S _aTbT]c Xc c^ cWT fW^[T R^\\XccTT Uâ

R^]bXSTaPcX^]&

A


6__Vi .

GRcXVeZ_X 8YZ]UcV_ W`c =VR]eY :UfTReZ`_ Z_ <fZ_VR J`c^ :cRUZTReZ`_ fdZ_XeYV 8=>@9%e`%8YZ]U 6aac`RTY

=BCF>*kf*Z_`c[ &=N=' `j Xe XggifXZ_ kf gi`dXip _\Xck_ \[lZXk`fe k_Xk `j YXj\[ fe k_\ m`\n k_Xk Z_`c[i\e_Xm\ k_\ gfn\i kf jgi\X[ ^ff[ _\Xck_ d\jjX^\j Xe[ kf dXb\ [\Z`j`fej Xe[ kXb\ XZk`fe kf gifdfk\ Y\kk\i_\Xck_+ =_`c[i\e ZXe [f k_`j è ]fli nXpj7 .' k_ifl^_ k_\ ZXi\ k_\p gifm`[\ ]fi k_\ì pfle^\i Yifk_\ij Xe[j`jk\ij7 /' k_ifl^_ k_\ì è]cl\eZ\ fe fk_\i Z_`c[i\e Ce k_\ì X^\ îflg) \jg\Z`Xccp k_fj\ n_f [f efk ^f kfjZ_ffc7 0' k_ifl^_ è[`m`[lXc è]cl\eZ\ fe k_\ì gXi\ekj8 Xe[ 1' k_ifl^_ k_\ì Zfcc\Zk`m\ è]cl\eZ\ fe k_\ìgXi\ekj8 Xe[ 1' k_ifl^_ k_\ì Zfcc\Zk`m\ è]cl\eZ\ fe k_\ì Zfddle`k`\j+

=BCF>*kf*Z_`c[ gifdfk\j gi\m\ek`m\ _\Xck_ ZXi\ k_ifl^_ Xe XZk`m\) gXik`Z`gXkfip XggifXZ_ k_Xk k\XZ_\jgiXZk`ZXc _\Xck_ d\jjX^\j Xe[ jb`ccj k_Xk Z_`c[i\e ZXe lj\ è k_\ì \m\ip[Xp c`m\j+

5 FP\_[T 7<=@8%c^ 7WX[S @Tbb^] ^] ;dX]TP Jâ\

F\jjfe IYa\Zk`m\j7

<p k_\ \e[ f] k_\ c\jjfe) Z_`c[i\e n`cc Y\ XYc\ kf7

.+ \ogcXè _fn Alè\X nfid Cj ZXlj\[,jgi\X[/+ `[\ek`]p 0 nXpj kf gi\m\ek Alè\X nfid0+ [\dfejkiXk\ _fn kf ]`ck\i [ièbè^ nXk\i ljè^ X Zcfk_ ]`ck\i

G\k_f[7

.+ Cekif[lZ\ k_\ c\jjfe Yp Xjbè^ k_\ Z_`c[i\e n_Xk k_\p befn XYflk Alè\X nfid+ Ce k_`j nXp pfl ZXeYl`c[ pfli c\jjfe fe k_\ Z_`c[i\eÅj befnc\[^\ Xe[ j_fn k_\d _fn dlZ_ k_\p Xci\X[p befn+ Rfl d`^_kXjb) ]fi \oXdgc\7

X+ BXm\ pfl \m\i j\\e X Alè\X nfid:Y+ Bfn [f pfl befn n_\e jfd\fe\ _Xj Alè\X nfid:Z+ Q_Xk _Xgg\ej n_\e pfl ^\k Alè\X nfid: >f pfl ^f kf ]Xid &fi jZ_ffc' Xj ljlXc:[+ Q_Xk ZXlj\j Alè\X nfid: &Ii _fn [f\j Alè\X nfid ^\k èkf pfli Yf[p:'\+ Bfn ZXe pfl gi\m\ek Alè\X nfid:

/+ N\cc X jkfip XYflk Alè\X nfid) jlZ_ Xj k_\ ]fccfnè^) ljè^ ]cXee\cîXg_j fi fk_\i CccljkiXk`fej Xkfggfikle\ gcXZ\j+ ;jb k_\ Z_`c[i\e kf c`jk\e ZXi\]lccp jf k_Xk k_\p ZXe Xejn\i pfli hl\jk`fej X]k\i k_\ jkfip`j ]è`j_\[+

IeZ\ lgfe X k`d\ è X m`ccX^\ efk ]Xi ]ifd O^\g &fi P__a^_aXPcT [^RPcX^]"$ k_\i\ c`m\[ X m\ip e`Z\ ]Xd`cp+N_\i\ nXj JXgX) GXdX) k_\ YXYp Cjl) k_\ jdXcc Yfp Ikl) Xe[ k_\ j\e`fi Yifk_\i Ibf` !dbT ]P\Tb

P__a^_aXPcT c^ cWT [^RPcX^]"&

. %


Ie\ [Xp GXdX Xjb\[ Ibf` kf ]\kZ_ nXk\i Xj ljlXc+ Ibf` kffb lg _`j _\X[ gXe Xe[ j\k f]] ]fi k_\ gfe[+Ie _`j nXp _\ d\k _`j Y\jk ]i`\e[) CnXiX+ CnXiX nXj efk n\cc B\ nXcb\[ c`b\ k_`j !_aTcT]S c^ [X\_$

SaPVVX]V cWT [TUc U^^c fXcW P _PX]TS Tg_aTbbX^]&" B`j i`^_k ]ffk nXj hl`k\ Xcc i`^_k) Ylk _`j c\]k ]ffk Ck nXjjnfcc\e lg) n`k_ X Y`^ i\[ jfi\ e\Xi k_\ _\\c+ ; k_è n_`k\ nfid nXj Zfdè^ flk f] k_Xk jfi\+ &Q_Xk [fpfl k_èb _\ _X[:'

?m\e k_fl^_ CnXiX Zflc[ efk nXcb n\cc) _\ n\ek n`k_ _`j ]i`\e[ kf ]\kZ_ nXk\i XepnXp+ Ibf` Xe[ CnXiX Yfk_nXcb\[ i`^_k èkf k_\ gfe[ kf ^\k k_\ nXk\i+ Q_\e CnXiX glk k_Xk Alè\X nfid èkf k_\ nXk\i) dXep kèpAlè\X nfid \^^j ZXd\ ]ifd k_\ Y`^ fe\+ N_\ Yfpj Zflc[ efk j\\ k_\ \^^j) Ylk dXep ZXd\ flk èkf k_\gfe[) &8T_T]SX]V ^] cWT PVT Û cWT RWX[SaT] h^d \XVWc P[b^ PSS cWPc cWTbT ;dX]TP fâ\ TVVb fTaT

TPcT] Qh cX]h fWXcT fPcTa U[TPb LRhR[^_bM cWPc cWT Q^hb SXS ]^c bTT&"

Ibf` ]`cc\[ _`j YXjè n`k_ nXk\i) Xe[ k_\ Yfpj nXcb\[ _fd\+ Ibf` ]`cc\[ lg k_\ ]Xd`cpÅj nXk\i gfk8 k_\e _\kffb lg _`j _f\ Xe[ n\ek kf _\cg _`j ]Xd`cp fe k_\ ]Xid+

Q_\e Ibf` Xe[ _`j Yifk_\i Ikl ZXd\ _fd\ ]ifd ]Xid) k_\p n\i\ m\ip _leîp+ &Q_Xk [f pfl k_èb k_\pXk\: Q_Xk [f pfl \Xk n_\e pfl Zfd\ _fd\ ]ifd ]Xid: fi jZ_ffc:' N_\p Yfpj Xk\ X Y`^ gfk f] ]l]l &fi^Xii`) \kZ+') Xe[ pfle^ Ikl [iXeb X d`^_kp ^cXjj f] nXk\i ]ifd k_\ ]Xd`cpÅj nXk\i gfk+

?m\ipk_è^ n\ek n\cc n`k_ k_\ ]Xd`cp ]fi jfd\ k`d\+ N_\p nfib\[ _Xi[ fe k_\ ]Xid8 Xe[ \m\ipk_è^ î\nn\cc+ N_\ _Xim\jk nXj ^ff[ Bfn\m\i) aljk Y\]fi\ k_\ e\ok gcXekè^ j\Xjfe jfd\k_è^ k\ii`Yc\ _Xgg\e\[+F`kkc\ IklÅj ]ffk jn\cc\[ lg) Xe[ _\ ^fk X YX[ jfi\ fe _`j _\\c+ B`j ]ffk gXè\[ _`d î\Xkcp+ &Q_Xk [f pflk_èb _\ _X[:' B\ Zflc[ _Xi[cp nXcb+ B\ Zflc[ efk ^f kf ]Xid fi kf jZ_ffc ]fi j\m\iXc n\\bj+ B\ Zflc[fecp i\dXè fe _`j dXk Xk _fd\ kf jl]]\i+ N_\ ]Xd`cp ]Xid [`[ efk [f jf n\cc n`k_flk Ikl%j _\cg+ N_\ n_fc\]Xd`cp nfii`\[ ]fi gffi Ikl+ B`j îXe[dfk_\i Xe[ Yifk_\i lj\[ kf j`k Yp _`j Y\[j`[\+ B`j dfk_\i ki`\[ kfZXi\ ]fi Ikl) Ylk j_\ [`[eÅk befn _fn kf b`cc k_Xk nfid

Ie\ [Xp j_\ kffb Ikl kf k_\ kiX[`k`feXc _\Xc\i è k_\ m`ccX^\+ M_\ k_fl^_k dXpY\ _\ nflc[ _Xm\ jfd\jdXcc }Dlal~ kf kXb\ XnXp k_\ Alè\X nfid+ M_\ ^Xm\ _\i cXjk bfYf kf k_\ _\Xc\i+ N_\ kiX[`k`feXc [fZkfijX`[ k_Xk k_\ YfpÅj Ycff[ nXj efk jkife^) jf _\ ^Xm\ _`d Ycff[ kfe`Z+ &>f pfl k_èb k_Xk kfe`Z kffb XnXpk_\ Alè\X nfid:'

N_\ Alè\X nfid jfi\ Zfekèl\[ kf gXè Ikl+ B`j dfk_\i [`[ Xcc j_\ Zflc[+ M_\ nXj_\[ k_\ jfi\ \m\ip[Xp n`k_ jfXg Xe[ Zc\Xe nXk\i+ N_\e j_\ glk X Zc\Xe gcXjk\i ^\ekcp fe k_\ nfle[+ &>f pfl k_èb k_XkgcXjk\i jkfgg\[ k_\ nfid ]ifd Zfdè^ flk:' Ck [`[ efk8 Xe[ IklÅj dfk_\i ^\ekcp nfle[ k_\ nfid Xifle[ XjdXcc jk`Zb Xj `k ZXd\ flk) X c`kkc\ dfi\ \XZ_ [Xp+ M_\ Xcjf kffb Ikl kf k_\ _\Xck_ Z\eki\) n_\i\ _\ nXj^`m\e d\[`Zè\ ]fi k_\ gXè Xe[ jn\ccè^) Xe[ X N\kXelj mXZZèXk`fe kf gi\m\ek k_\ [\X[cp [`j\Xj\ N\kXelj+

;]k\i ]fli n\\bj k_\ nfid ]èXccp ZXd\ Xcc k_\ nXp flk f] IklÅj ]ffk+ N_\ ]ffk _\Xc\[ hl`Zbcp X]k\i k_Xk+

0+ ;jb k_\ Z_`c[i\e hl\jk`fej kf Y\ jli\ k_\p le[\ijkff[ k_\ jkfip Xe[ ZXe \ogcXè _fn Alè\X nfid `jZXlj\[ Xe[ jgi\X[+ ?eZfliX^\ Xj dXep Xj gfjj`Yc\ kf Xejn\i) Xe[ Xccfn k_\d kf _\cg \XZ_ fk_\i+

Kl\jk`fe7 Q_p [`[ k_\ Yfp Ikl ^\k Alè\X nfid:&B\ [iXeb nXk\i k_Xk _X[ Y\\e è]\Zk\[ n`k_ Alè\X nfid+ B\ jnXccfn\[ k_\ nXk\i ]c\Xj k_Xk ZfekXè\[Alè\X nfid \^^j+'

--


Kl\jk`fe7 Bfn [`[ k_\ Alè\X nfid ^\k èj`[\ k_\ nXk\i:&CnXiX nXcb\[ èkf k_\ gfe[ n_\e _\ _X[ Alè\X nfid Xe[ k_\ YXYp \^^j ZXd\ flk f] k_\ jfi\ fe _`j c\^èkf k_\ nXk\i+ Ibf` ]\kZ_\[ k_Xk è]\Zk\[ nXk\i ]ifd k_\ gfe[ Xe[ glk `k èkf k_\ ]Xd`cpÅj nXk\i gfk+'

Kl\jk`fe7 =Xe pfl j\\ k_\ Alè\X nfid:&<XY`\j TcXimX\U7 HI+ ;[lck nfidj7 R?M+'

Kl\jk`fe7 Q_Xk ZXe n\ [f kf jkfg k_`j Alè\X nfid:&@ìjk) [`jZljj _fn kf b\\g Alè\X nfid flk f] k_\ gfe[ fi nXk\i jfliZ\7 k_\e [`jZljj _fn kf b`cc fi\c`dèXk\ k_\ Alè\X nfid `] `k ^\kj èkf k_\ nXk\i+'

Ji\m\ek`fej7

v <l`c[ jk\gj èkf k_\ gfe[ jf k_Xk g\fgc\ [feÅk _Xm\ kf nXcb i`^_k èkf k_\ nXk\i n_\e k_\p ^f kf ]\kZ_nXk\i+

v C] k_\i\ Xi\ efk jk\gj) [feÅk ^f kf ]\kZ_ nXk\i `] pfl Xi\ jl]]\iè^ ]ifd Alè\X nfid+v >`^ n\ccj fi Yfi\ _fc\j kf \ejli\ X jX]\ nXk\i jfliZ\+v @`ck\i Xe[,fi Yfcc nXk\i kf ^\k i`[ f] Alè\X nfid+

1+ >\dfejkiXk\ _fn kf lj\ X Zcfk_ ]`ck\i kf i\dfm\ [ìk Xe[ k_\ ZpZcfgj &nXk\i ]c\Xj' ]ifd Ce]\Zk\[ nXk\i+?ogcXè n_p `k `j `dgfikXek kf dXib k_\ lg*j`[\ f] k_\ ]`ck\i è jfd\ nXp jf k_Xk k_\ [ìk Xe[ nXk\i ]c\Xj jkXpfe k_\ kfg Xe[ k_\ Zc\Xe j`[\ `j XcnXpj fe k_\ Yfkkfd+ &N_\ ]`ck\i ZXe Y\ dX[\ f] / cXp\ij f] Zcfk_) fe\ Xc`^_k Zfcfli) k_\ fk_\i n_`k\8 fi X jg\Z`Xc dXib ZXe Y\ glk fe k_\ lg*j`[\ f] X jè^c\ cXp\i+' >RgV eYVTYZ]UcV_ acRTeZTV fdZ_X eYV WZ]eVc(

2+ ;jb k_\ Z_`c[i\e n_Xk k_\p ZXe [f Xk _fd\ fi è k_\ Zfddle`kp kf _\cg jkfg Alè\X nfid+ N_\e\eZfliX^\ Xe[ _\cg k_\ Z_`c[i\e kf [f fe\ fi dfi\ f] k_\ ]fccfnè^ XZk`m`k`\j7v ]è[ flk _fn dXep g\fgc\ è k_\ì Zfdgfle[) jZ_ffc) fi e\`^_Yfli_ff[ _Xm\ jl]]\i\[ ]ifd Alè\X

nfid è k_\ cXjk p\Xiv k\cc fk_\i Z_`c[i\e Xk jZ_ffc k_\ jkfip XYflk Alè\X nfidv glk fe X gcXp è k_\ m`ccX^\ jhlXi\ XYflk _fn Alè\X nfid `j jgi\X[v j_fn k_\ì gXi\ekj Xe[ Yifk_\ij Xe[ j`jk\ij _fn kf ]`ck\i [ièbè^ nXk\i n`k_ X Zcfk_ ]`ck\iv dXb\ lg X jfe^ XYflk _fn kf gi\m\ek Alè\X nfid

@fi ]lik_\i Ce]fidXk`fe ZfekXZk7

=BCF>*kf*=_`c[Cejk`klk\ f] ?[lZXk`feOe`m\ij`kp f] Ffe[fe/- <\[]fi[ QXpFfe[fe) ?e^cXe[ Q=.B I;F

5 &


6__Vi /

=VR]eY :UfTReZ`_ W`c 9cRTf_Tf]ZRdZd :cRUZTReZ`_

JlYc`Z _\Xck_ nfib\ij _Xm\ ]fle[ k_\ JL?=?>? df[\c kf Y\ Xe \]]\Zk`m\ ]iXd\nfib ]fi gcXeeè^)`dgc\d\ekè^ Xe[ \mXclXkè^ [iXZleZlccXj`j _\Xck_ \[lZXk`fe gifîXdj+( L\^`feXc _\Xck_ \[lZXk`fec\X[\ij ZXe _\cg m`ccX^\ `dgc\d\ek\ij Yp gifm`[è^ k\Z_e`ZXc Xjj`jkXeZ\ è _fn kf [\m\cfg gifîXdj è k_`jnXp+

N_`j ;ee\o gifm`[\j Xe \oXdgc\ f] _fn k_\ gièZ`gc\j f] k_\ JL?=?>? df[\c ZXe Y\ Xggc`\[ è X _\Xck_\[lZXk`fe gifîXd kf \iX[`ZXk\ [iXZleZlccXj`j+ N_\ \oXdgc\ `j fi^Xe`q\[ èkf ]fli }[`Xêfjk`Z~ jk\gj7 &.'`[\ek`]pè^ kXi^\k Y\_Xm`fij) &/' Xjj\jjè^ k_\ i\Xjfej ]fi k_\d) &0' Z_ffjè^ Xe[ `dgc\d\ekè^\[lZXk`feXc jkiXk\^`\j) Xe[ &1' \mXclXkè^ i\jlckj+

)& =ST]cXUh cWT cPaVTc QTWPeXâb&

Ce k\idj f] è[`m`[lXc XZk`fej) k_\i\ Xi\ knf gi`dXip Y\_Xm`fiXc kXi^\kj ]fi k_\ gi\m\ek`fe f] [iXZleZlc`Xj`j7&.' [ièbè^ nXk\i k_Xk ZfekXèj è]\Zk\[ Zfg\gf[j) Xe[ &/' nX[è^ è nXk\i Yp g\ijfej n`k_ XZk`m\ Alè\Xnfid lcZ\ij+ C] k_\ _\Xck_ \[lZXk`fe ^fXc nXj7 }Zfddle`kp d\dY\ij n`cc fecp [ièb nXk\i k_Xk [f\j efkZfekXè è]\Zk\[ Zfg\gf[j)~ k_\ Zfddle`kp Xe[ `kj d\dY\ij Zflc[ le[\ikXb\ j\m\iXc Y\_Xm`fiXc XZk`fej kf_\cg k_\d XkkXè k_`j ^fXc) èZcl[è^7

v @CFN?L Xcc nXk\i Y\]fi\ [ièbè^

v NL?;N NB? Q;N?L jlggcp n`k_ k_\ Z_\d`ZXc) k\d\g_fj &M\\ ;dXST[X]Tb Uâ cWT7WT\XRP[ 7^]ca^[ Û 7^_T_^S D^_d[PcX^]b X] 8aPRd]Rd[XPbXb"

v N;E? ;=NCIH kf gifk\Zk k_\ \o`jkè^ nXk\i jlggc`\j

v =IHMNLO=N X e\n nXk\i jlggcp+

Q_\e X jg\Z`]`Z Y\_Xm`fi `j kXi^\k\[ ]fi èk\im\ek`fe Xe[ Z_Xe^\) k_\ Y\_Xm`fiXc }[`Xêfj`j~ dljk Y\i\]è\[ è fi[\i kf `[\ek`]p Xcc f] k_\ Zfdgfe\ek gXikj f] k_\ Y\_Xm`fi è hl\jk`fe+ @fi \oXdgc\) k_\ jè^c\Y\_Xm`fi7 f] }]`ck\iè^ nXk\i~ `j dfi\ Zfdgc\o k_Xe `k Xgg\Xij8 `k `j [\g\e[\ek lgfe X j\i`\j f] èk\ii\cXk\[gi\Zlijfi XZk`fej) èZcl[è^7

v <ORCHA,I<N;CHCHA X ]`ck\i fi ]`ck\i dXk\i`Xc

v OMCHA NB? @CFN?L ]fi Xcc [ièbè^ nXk\i

v JF;=CHA NB? @CFN?L IH NB? JIN =ILL?=NFR jf k_Xk le]`ck\i\[ nXk\i ZXe efkjgcXj_ èkf k_\ gfk

#GYV ^ReVcZR] Z_ eYZd R__Vi YRd SVV_ RURaeVU Wc`^ FZ]gVcWZ_V$ :&3 7cZVXVc$ J3 8YfcTYZ]]& 8`^^f_Zej%7RdVU

>_ZeZReZgVd e` :cRUZTReV <fZ_VR J`c^2 6 AR_fR] W`c DVRTV 8`cad I`]f_eVVcd$ H&F& DVRTV 8`cad R_U 6XV_Tj W`c

>_eVc_ReZ`_R] 9VgV]à^V_e$ FVaeV^SVc )11($ JRdYZ_Xe`_$ 9&8& GYV ^`de fa%e`%UReV UZdTfddZ`_ `W eYV

DE:8:9: ^ÙV] Zd W`f_U Z_ <cVV_$ @J3 ?cVfeVc AJ& =VR]eY Dc`^èZ`_ D]R__Z_X2 6_ :UfTReZ`_R] R_U

:_gZc`_^V_eR] 6aac`RTY$ ARjWZV]U DfS]ZdYZ_X$ Ae& IZVh$ 8R]ZW`c_ZR$ )11)&

-5


v L?GIPCHA NB? @CFN?L =;L?@OFFR jf k_Xk Zfg\gf[j n`cc efk jg`cc èkf k_\ ]`ck\i\[nXk\i

v =F?;HCHA &<;=EQ;MBCHA QCNB @CFN?L?> Q;N?L' NB? @CFN?L X]k\i lj\

v MNILCHA NB? @CFN?L è X j\Zli\ gcXZ\ n_\i\ `k n`cc efk Y\ [XdX^\[

v CHMJ?=NCHA NB? @CFN?L Y\]fi\ \XZ_ lj\ kf Y\ jli\ `k _Xj ef _fc\j fi k\Xij

v >CM=;L>CHA ; >;G;A?> @CFN?L Xe[ L?JF;=CHA CN

N_\ }[`Xêfj`j~ f] k_\j\ Y\_Xm`fij Zfekèl\j k_ifl^_flk X gifîXd Yp [iXnè^ fe è]fidXk`fe k_Xkgifm`[\j èj`^_k fe k_\ gifYXYcp ZXlj\j f] X ^`m\e Y\_Xm`fi+ ;j d\ek`fe\[ \Xic`\i è k_`j Z_Xgk\i) jlZ_è]fidXk`fe dXp Y\ fYkXè\[ ]ifd Zfddle`kp Xjj\jjd\ekj) Zfddle`kp d\\kè^j) fi jg\Z`Xccp Zfe[lZk\[]fZlj îflgj+ N_\ fe*^fè^ j\c\Zk`fe f] d\k_f[j `j YXj\[ lgfe k_`j c\m\c f] è]fidXk`fe+

*& 5bbTbb P]S STcTa\X]T fWPc UPRcâb bWP_T cWT cPaVTc QTWPeXâ&

;dfe^ k_\ dXè ]XZkfij k_Xk è]cl\eZ\ Y\_Xm`fi Xi\7 befnc\[^\) XZZ\jj kf j\im`Z\j) XmX`cXY`c`kp f] dfe\p)\eZfliX^\d\ek fi [`jZfliX^\d\ek Yp ]i`\e[j) Xe[ YXj`Z jb`ccj jlZ_ Xj c`k\iXZp) [\ok\i`kp Xe[ jf fe+

N_\j\ dlck`gc\) Zfdgc\o ]XZkfij ZXe Y\ j`dgc`]`\[ Xe[ Y\kk\i dXeX^\[ ]fi gcXeeè^ gligfj\j `] k_\p Xi\Zcljk\i\[ èkf k_i\\ dfi\ ^\e\iXc ZXk\^fi`\j f] ]XZkfij7 gi\[`jgfjè^) \eXYcè^) Xe[ i\è]fiZè^+

p EcVUZda`dZ_X WRTe`cd4 è]cl\eZ\ g\fgc\Åj g\iZ\gk`fej Xe[ dfk`mXk`fe+ N_\p èZcl[\n_Xk g\fgc\ befn fi [feÅk befn) n_Xk k_\p Y\c`\m\ Xe[ n_Xk k_\ì Xkk`kl[\j Xi\ kfi\c\mXek kf `jjl\j XjjfZ`Xk\[ n`k_ k_\ Y\_Xm`fi+

p ;_RS]Z_X WRTe`cd4 Xi\ k_\ i\jfliZ\j k_Xk \eXYc\ k_\ [\jì\[ Y\_Xm`fi kf kXb\ gcXZ\+?oXdgc\j èZcl[\ k_\ XmX`cXY`c`kp Xe[ XZZ\jj`Y`c`kp f] j\im`Z\j Xe[ i\jfliZ\j) g\ijfeXcjb`ccj Xe[ k`d\+

p GVZ_W`cTZ_X WRTe`cd4 Xi\ k_fj\ XZk`fej Xe[,fi d\jjX^\j) gXjj\[ fe k_ifl^_ \o`jkè^Z_Xee\cj f] Zfddle`ZXk`fe &èZcl[è^ ]Xd`cp) ]i`\e[j) Zfddle`kp c\X[\ij Xe[Zf*nfib\ij' k_Xk jlggfik fi _è[\i _\Xck_]lc giXZk`Z\j+ @fi \oXdgc\) fe\Åj Y\_Xm`fidXp Y\ jkife^cp è]cl\eZ\[ Yp k_\ jfZ`Xc i\nXi[j) èZ\ek`m\j) fi gle`j_d\ekj &\`k_\ii\Xc fi g\iZ\`m\[' f] ]i`\e[j) ]Xd`cp) Xe[ Zf*nfib\ij+

B\i\ Xi\ jfd\ \oXdgc\j n_`Z_ `ccljkiXk\ _fn k_\j\ ]XZkfij fg\iXk\[ Xj `dgfikXek gfj`k`m\ Xe[ e\^Xk`m\]XZkfij kf è]cl\eZ\ k_\ jfZ`Xc Xe[ ZlckliXc XZZ\gkXeZ\ f] ]`ck\iè^ Y\_Xm`fi è X H`^\i`Xe m`ccX^\+

DaTSXb_^bX]V :PRcâb

6T[XTUb

<\ZXlj\ jfd\ g\fgc\ Y\c`\m\[ k_Xk Alè\X nfid `j X eXkliXc gXik f] k_\ Yf[p) c`b\ X k\e[fe)Xe[ Zflc[ efk Y\ gi\m\ek\[) k_\p [`[ efk QT[XTeT k_Xk k_\ ]`ck\i nflc[ nfib Xj gifd`j\[+

-/


?]^f[TSVT

IP[dTb

@fikleXk\cp k_\i\ nXj Xcjf X j\k f] g\fgc\ n_f _X[ XZZ\jj kf n\cc nXk\i) Ylk k_\p jk`cc Yfl^_k]`ck\ij+ N_\p be\n k_Xk k_\ n\ccj jfd\k`d\j ^f [ip Xe[ jf nXek\[ YXZblg gifk\Zk`fe X^XèjkAQ>+ N_\p _X[ XZZ\gk\[ }df[\ie~ _\Xck_ `[\Xj+

;dfe^ k_fj\ n_f Y\c`\m\[ è k_\ \]]`ZXZp f] k_\ ]`ck\ij) k_\i\ n\i\ k_fj\ n_f Zfej`[\i\[ k_\dkf Y\ j\Zfe[ iXk\ ZfdgXi\[ kf n\ccj+ N_\p QT[XTeTS k_Xk k_\ n\ccj n\i\ dfi\ g\idXe\ek Xe[n\i\) k_\i\]fi\) X eP[dTS jfclk`fe+

DTaRT_cX^]b

Mfd\ g\fgc\ Ycè[cp XZZ\gk\[ k_\ì ]`ck\ij Xe[ lj\[ k_\d i\^lcXicp kf k_\ gfèk n_\i\ kèp_fc\j jkXik\[ kf ]fid+ N_\p [`[ efk le[\ijkXe[ k_Xk `k nXj efk k_\ XZk f] ]`ck\iè^ k_Xk nXjgifk\Zk`m\) Ylk k_\ hlXc`kp f] k_\ Zcfk_+ Oe]fikleXk\cp k_\p [`[ efk _TaRTXeT k_Xk k_\ _fc\j n\i\[Xe^\iflj+ Ie k_\ gfj`k`m\ j`[\ k_\i\ n\i\ k_fj\ g\fgc\ n_f n\i\ _Xggp n`k_ k_\ ]`ck\iY\ZXlj\ k_\p Zflc[ j\\ n_Xk k_\p ]\ck n\i\ k_\ i\jlckj f] ]`ck\iè^7 [ìk) c\Xm\j) \kZ+) c\]k Y\_è[X]k\i gfliè^ nXk\i k_ifl^_ k_\ ]`ck\i+

<PQXcdPcX^]

Ck `j f]k\e \Xjp kf ]fi^\k kf g\i]fid X Y\_Xm`fi fi efk kf Yfk_\i+ Mfd\ nflc[ ZXiip k_\ ]`ck\in`k_ k_\d n_\e k_\p n\ek ]ifd ]Xid _Xdc\k èkf kfne Xe[ k_\e nflc[ ]fi^\k `k n_\e i\klieè^kf k_\ _Xdc\k+ L\^lcXi ]`ck\i lj\ dljk Y\Zfd\ Xe leZfejZ`flj) iflkè\7 X WPQXc&

9]PQ[X]V :PRcâb

7^bcb

;ck_fl^_ k_\ ]`ck\i nXj jfc[ e\Xi Zfjk &X gi`Z\ c\jj k_Xe X d\Xjli\ f] i`Z\ fi XYflk k_\ jXd\ XjX Yfkkc\ f] Y\\i' jfd\ g\fgc\ ZfdgcXè\[ k_Xk k_\p [`[ efk _Xm\ dfe\p kf Ylp fe\+

7^]eT]XT]RT

GXep g\fgc\ ]\ck k_Xk k_\ ]`ck\i nXj \Xjp kf lj\ Y\ZXlj\ X ilYY\i YXe[ j\ne è k_\ _\d dX[\`k Zcè^ kf k_\ gfk n_`c\ k_\p gfli\[ nXk\i+ N_\ dfef]`cXd\ek d\j_ Xccfn\[ nXk\i kf ]cfnjdffk_cp Xe[ dXep Xggi\Z`Xk\[ k_`j+

HbTUd[]Tbb

FZX[[

; ]\n è[`m`[lXcj c`b\[ k_\ ]`ck\ij Y\ZXlj\ k_\p Zflc[ \em`j`fe fk_\i) k_fl^_ èXggifgi`Xk\) lj\j]fi k_\d) jlZ_ Xj j`\mè^ Zfie Xe[ ZXjjXmX jkXiZ_+

?m\e n_\e g\fgc\ i\d\dY\i\[ kf lj\ k_\ ]`ck\i) k_\p jfd\k`d\j [`[ efk lj\ `k Zfii\Zkcp Xe[gcXZ\[ `k fe k_\ gfk lgj`[\ [fne+

.(m


1USVKZOZOUT

Q\ f]k\e ]fi^\k k_Xk n_\e n\ gifdfk\ fi }dXib\k~ X e\n _\Xck_ C[\X k_Xk k_\i\ Cj Zfdg\k`k`fen`k_ fk_\i gif[lZkj+ Ce k_`j ZXj\ g\fgc\ kiX[`k`feXccp lj\[ Xcld kf j\kkc\ gXik`ZlcXk\ dXkk\i ènXk\i+ ;cc k_Xk nflc[ Y\ e\\[\[ nXj X ]\n Z\ekj f] Xcld kf [f k_\ afY+ Oe]fikleXk\cp Xcld)n_`c\ dXbè^ k_\ nXk\i Xgg\Xi Zc\Xi) _Xj ef \]]\Zk fe [`j\Xj\ fi^Xe`jdj+ Ce k_\ cfe^ ile lj\f] Xcld dXp Zfjk dfi\ k_Xe X ]`ck\i) Ylk k_\ j_fik k\id Zfjkj n\i\ dlZ_ c\jj Xe[ k_\ Åm`j`Yc\Åi\jlckj n\i\ k_\ jXd\+

ETX]UâRX]V :PRcâb

:aXT]Sb

A\e\iXccp k_\ ]`ck\ij n\i\ [`jki`Ylk\[ k_ifl^_ k_\ e\knfib f] m`ccX^\ _\Xck_ nfib\ij &PBQj' n_fn\i\ cfZXc g\fgc\ j\c\Zk\[ Yp d\dY\ij f] k_\ì _Xdc\kj ]fi k_`j afY+ ;j ]i`\e[j Xe[ e\`^_Yfij)k_\ PBQj ]fle[ `k \Xjp kf Zfddle`ZXk\ kf fk_\ij è k_\ì _Xdc\k Xe[ \eZfliX^\ XZZ\gkXeZ\+Ce _Xdc\kj n_\i\ k_\i\ n\i\ ef PBQj) XZZ\gkXeZ\ nXj hl`k\ cfn+

+& FT[TRc cWT \TcW^Sb â \Xg Û \TcW^Sb cWPc PaT \^bc [XZT[h c^ RWP]VT cWT cPaVTc

QTWPeXâ&

N_`j jk\g èmfcm\j ZXi\]lc Zfej`[\iXk`fe f] k_\ ]XZkfij k_Xk è]cl\eZ\ kXi^\k Y\_Xm`fi&j' n`k_ k_\ ^fXc f]j\c\Zkè^ k_\ dfjk Xggifgi`Xk\ _\Xck_ \[lZXk`fe jkiXk\^`\j Xe[ d\k_f[j+

Dljk Xj k_\i\ Xi\ k_i\\ YifX[ îflgj f] ]XZkfij k_Xk è]cl\eZ\ Y\_Xm`fi) k_\i\ Xi\ Xcjf k_i\\ îflgj f]\[lZXk`feXc jkiXk\^`\j X`d\[ Xk k_\j\ ]XZkfij+ =fekèlè^ n`k_ ]`ck\i lj\ Xj Xe \oXdgc\) k_\ kXYc\ fe k_\]fccfnè^ gX^\ c`jkj k_\ \[lZXk`feXc jkiXk\^`\j k_Xk c\X[ kf ]XZkfij k_Xk dXp è]cl\eZ\ ]`ck\iè^ Y\_Xm`fi+


GRS]V2 FV]VTeZ_X =VR]eY :UfTReZ`_ FecReVXZVd e` 6UUcVdd DcZ`cZej 7VYRgZ`cR] ;RTe`cd

98H75G=CB5@ FGE5G9;=9F

!=]Uâ\PcX^] FcaPcTVXTb"

jkfi`\j Xk m`ccX^\ d\\kè^j

_\Xck_ kXcbj Xk Zcè`Zj Xe[ n`k_ Zfddle`kpîflgj Xe[ ZclYj

m`jlXc X`[j kf [\g`Zk ]`ck\i Y\_Xm`fi

Zflej\cè^ Xk Zcè`Z

!ETb^daRT FcaPcTVXTb"

]le[ iX`jè^

fi^Xe`q\ cfZXc kX`cfij kf gif[lZ\ ]`ck\ij

kiXè m`ccX^\ _\Xck_ nfib\ij kf [`jki`Ylk\

kiXè m`ccX^\ij kf lj\ ]`ck\ij gifg\icp

69<5I=CE5@ :57GCEF

!DaTSXb_^bX]V :PRcâb"

befnc\[^\ f] _fn ]`ck\i nfibj

Y\c`\] k_Xk ]`ck\i gi\m\ekj [iXZleZlc`Xj`j8mXcl\ k_Xk k\dgfiXip èZfem\e`\eZ\ gXpj f]]

befnc\[^\ f] Zfii\Zk lj\

[\Z`j`fe kf Ylp ]`ck\ij

!9]PQ[X]V :PRcâb"

dfe\p kf Ylp ]`ck\i

jfliZ\ f] i\X[p dX[\ Zcfk_

XZZ\jj kf ]`ck\ij

jb`cc f] Zfii\Zk ]`ck\iè^

!F^RXP[ Fd__âc FcaPcTVXTb" !ETX]UâRX]V :PRcâb"

[`jZljj`fe Xk nfd\eÅj jfZ`\kp d\\kè^j \c[\i nfd\e è]cl\eZ\ pfle^\i

m`ccX^\ _\Xck_ nfib\ij &Xj e\`^_Yfij' [`jki`Ylk\ ]`ck\ij e\`^_Yfij \eZfliX^\ gliZ_Xj\

fgè`fe c\X[\ij dfY`c`q\ jlggfik ^\e\iXc XZZ\gkXY`c`kp f] ]`ck\iè^ `[\X

Ck `j lec`b\cp k_Xk X _\Xck_ \[lZXkfi ZXe Zfe[lZk Xcc f] k_\j\ XZk`m`k`\j) Xck_fl^_ X Zi `W ^VeYÙd `j f]k\edfi\ \]]\Zk`m\ k_Xe Xep fe\ d\k_f[ Xcfe\+ Ck dljk Y\ [\k\idè\[ n_`Z_ jkiXk\^`\j Xi\ dfjk Xggifgi`Xk\Xe[ n_`Z_ ]XZkfij dfjk Z_Xe^\XYc\ ]fi k_\ _\Xck_ \[lZXkfi kf Y\ jlZZ\jj]lc è XZ_`\mè^ k_\ ^fXc f]\eZfliX^è^ Zfddle`kp d\dY\ij kf lj\ X ]`ck\i \XZ_ k`d\ k_\p Zfcc\Zk nXk\i+

;ck_fl^_ k_\i\ Xi\ X n`[\ mXi`\kp f] jkiXk\^`\j Xe[ d\k_f[j k_Xk ZXe Y\ lj\[ le[\i k_\ ilYi`Z f]}Zfddle`kp dfY`c`qXk`fe~ Xe[ }_\Xck_ \[lZXk`fe)~ k_i\\ Xi\ Zfddfecp lj\[ Yp _\Xck_ \[lZXkfij è Xm`ccX^\ j\kkè^7 &.' jkfip k\ccè^) &/' [\dfejkiXk`fej Xe[ &0' îflg [`jZljj`fe+ N_\j\ Xe[ fk_\i d\k_f[j Xi\[\jZi`Y\[ è [\kX`c è ;ee\o /+

,& 9eP[dPcT cWT _a^VaP\

N_\ lck`dXk\ k\jk f] jlZZ\jj f] X [iXZleZlc`Xj`j \iX[`ZXk`fe gifîXd) èZcl[è^ `kj _\Xck_ \[lZXk`feZfdgfe\ek) `j n_\k_\i fi efk k_\ [`j\Xj\ `j) fm\i k`d\) \c`dèXk\[+ Q`k_è lck`dXk\ ^fXc f] \iX[`ZXk`fe) k_\gi`dXip d\Xjli\ f] jlZZ\jj ]fi _\Xck_ \[lZXk`fe n`cc Y\ k_\ \ok\ek kf n_`Z_ `k XZ_`\m\j `kj gligfj\7 kf _\cgg\ijfej Xk i`jb ]fi AQ> df[`]p k_\ì Y\_Xm`fi n`k_ i\^Xi[ kf nXk\i lj\+

-u


?mXclXk`fe `j Yl`ck èkf k_\ _\Xck_ \[lZXk`fe gcXeeè^ gifZ\jj Xe[ Y\^èj n`k_ k_\ ZXi\]lc gifZ\jj f][\]èè^ k_\ Y\_Xm`fiXc Xe[ \[lZXk`feXc fYa\Zk`m\j f] X gifîXd+ N_\i\ Xi\ jfd\ m\ip giXZk`ZXc Ylk\]]\Zk`m\ jk\gj k_Xk i\jgfej`Yc\ giXZk`k`fe\ij ZXe kXb\ kf Xjj\jj k_\ \]]\Zk`m\e\jj f] k_\ì _\Xck_ \[lZXk`fe\]]fikj+ @fi \oXdgc\) Xe `dgfikXek \mXclXk`fe kXjb `j kf Xjj\jj k_\ \ok\ek kf n_`Z_ \[lZXk`feXc Xeèk\im\ek`fe è]cl\eZ\j èk\id\[`Xk\ Y\_Xm`fi Z_Xe^\ è[`ZXkfij jlZ_ Xj Z_Xe^\j è befnc\[^\ XYflk k_\ZXlj\ f] AQ> Xe[ n_\k_\i fi efk g\fgc\ gfjj\jj k_\ jb`cc kf glk k_\ ]`ck\i fe k_\ì gfkj Zfii\Zkcp+

Ce fi[\i kf d\Xjli\ jlZ_ è[`ZXkfij f] Z_Xe^\) k_\ _\Xck_ \[lZXkfi dljk ]ìjk [\k\idè\7

p hY` k_\ kXi^\k Xl[`\eZ\ `j

p hYRe k_\ b\p Y\_Xm`fij Xi\

p hYV_ Xe[ n`k_ n_Xk ]i\hl\eZp k_\ Y\_Xm`fij j_flc[ _Xm\ Y\\e g\i]fid\[

p hYVcV k_\ Y\_Xm`fij Xi\ kf kXb\ gcXZ\

p Y`h k_\ Y\_Xm`fij Xi\ kf Y\ d\Xjli\[+

H\ok) gi\Z`j\ Xe[ ZfeZi\k\ fYa\Zk`m\&j' j_flc[ Y\ jkXk\[7

}N_\ ^ìcj è k_\ jZ_ffc #hY`$ n`cc lj\ Zcfk_ ]`ck\ij #hYRe$ Xk _fd\ #hYVcV$ \XZ_ k`d\ k_\p ]\kZ_nXk\i #hYV_$(s

?m\ip _\Xck_ \[lZXk`fe gifîXd k_Xk `j \mXclXk\[ dljk Y\^è n`k_ Xe fYa\Zk`m\ k_Xk `j gi\Z`j\cp jkXk\[ Xe[`j i\c\mXek kf k_\ _\Xck_ ^fXc+ N_\ fYa\Zk`m\ `j k_\ jkXe[Xi[ Yp n_`Z_ pfl d\Xjli\ pfli jlZZ\jj+ <\cfn `j XgiXZk`ZXc \oXdgc\ f] \mXclXkè^ k_\ ac`TVdd Xe[ k_\ ZâRTe f] fe\ Xjg\Zk f] X AQ> _\Xck_ \[lZXk`fe\]]fik) X ]`ck\i [\dfejkiXk`fe+

v N_\ kXi^\k Xl[`\eZ\ `j7 Xcc ^ìcj è jZ_ffc n_f ]\kZ_ nXk\i ]fi k_\ ]Xd`c`\j è k_\ m`ccX^\+

v Mg\Z`]`Z fYa\Zk`m\j ]fi k_\ j\jj`fe Xi\ \jkXYc`j_\[ Xe[ Zc\Xicp jkXk\[ jf k_Xk Yfk_ k_\gXik`Z`gXekj Xe[ k_fj\ XjjfZ`Xk\[ n`k_ k_\ gifîXd ]lcc le[\ijkXe[ k_\d+ N_\j\jkXk\d\ekj ]fid }Y\_Xm`fiXc fYa\Zk`m\j+~ @fi \oXdgc\7

<p k_\ \e[ f] k_`j j\jj`fe &n_\e' k_\ gXik`Z`gXekj &n_f' n`cc Y\ XYc\ kf[\dfejkiXk\ kf Xefk_\i gXik`Z`gXek &_fn d\Xjli\[' n_`Z_ j`[\ f] k_\ ]`ck\i]XZ\j lg fe k_\ nXk\i al^ &n_Xk'

<p k_\ \e[ f] k_\ j\jj`fe &n_\e' k_\ gXik`Z`gXekj &n_f' n`cc Y\ XYc\ kf c`jk&n_Xk' k_\ .- jk\gj fe }Bfn kf ]`ck\i QXk\i~ &j\\ >\dfejkiXk`fe Y\cfn' feX g`\Z\ f] gXg\i &_fn d\Xjli\['

<p k_\ \e[ f] k_\ j\jj`fe k_\ gXik`Z`gXek n`cc Y\ XYc\ kf Zfe[lZk X[\dfejkiXk`fe f] _fn kf ]`ck\i nXk\i ]fi Xefk_\i gXik`Z`gXek è k_\ j\jj`fe+

/-


&HIN?7 Ck `j `dgfikXek kf [\m\cfg \XZ_ fYa\Zk`m\ jf k_Xk `k `j YXj\[ fe Xm\ip ZfeZi\k\) XZk`fe m\iY+ IYa\Zk`m\j j_flc[ Y\ jg\Z`]`Z Xj kf k_\flkZfd\ Xe[ d\XjliXYc\+

v <Xj\[ fe k_\ Zfek\ek f] k_\ Y\_Xm`fiXc fYa\Zk`m\j) k_\ \[lZXkfi nflc[ k_\e j\c\Zk k_\\[lZXk`feXc d\k_f[&j' dfjk c`b\cp kf XZ_`\m\ k_fj\ fYa\Zk`m\j+ C] k_\i\ Xi\ dlck`gc\XZk`m`k`\j) k_\p j_flc[ Y\ c`jk\[ è k_\ fi[\i kf Y\ Zfdgc\k\[+ N_\ k`d\ i\hlì\[ kfZfe[lZk \XZ_ d\k_f[ j_flc[ Y\ èZcl[\[+ @fi \oXdgc\7

&2 dèlk\j' .+ >\dfejkiXk\ Zfii\Zk lj\ f] ]`ck\i+

&.- dèlk\j' /+ >\dfejkiXk\ ljè^ gfjk\i) }N\e jk\gj èmfcm\[ è Zfii\Zk]`ck\iè^+~

&12 dèlk\j' 0+ BXm\ \XZ_ gXik`Z`gXek [\dfejkiXk\ k_\ gifZ\jj kf Xefk_\igXik`Z`gXek+

v N_\ \]]\Zk`m\e\jj f] k_\ k\XZ_è^ gifZ\jj Zflc[ Y\ Xjj\jj\[ X^Xèjk k_\ jkXk\[fYa\Zk`m\ Yp &.' fYj\imè^ gXik`Z`gXekj Xj k_\p [\dfejkiXk\ k_\ ]`ck\iè^ gifZ\jj kffe\ Xefk_\i) Xe[ &/' _Xmè^ gXik`Z`gXekj c`jk k_\ jk\gj k_\p i\d\dY\i è k_\ ]`ck\iè^gifZ\jj+

MlZZ\jj nflc[ Y\ [\k\idè\[ YXj\[ fe k_\ ]fccfnè^ è[`ZXkfij7

v `] Xcc k_\ ^ìcj lj\[ k_\ Zfii\Zk j`[\ f] k_\ ]`ck\i è k_\ì [\dfejkiXk`fe

v `] Xcc k_\ ^ìcj c`jk\[ k_\ k\e jk\gj Zfii\Zkcp fe k_\ gXg\i

v `] Xcc k_\ gXik`Z`gXekj Zfii\Zkcp [\dfejkiXk\[ k_\ k\e jk\g gifZ\jj f]]`ck\iè^ nXk\i

Ik_\i è]fidXk`fe kf Xjj\jj k_\ gifZ\jj f] èjkilZk`fe ZXe Y\ fYkXè\[ è]fidXccp Yp kXcbè^ kf gXik`Z`gXekjXe[ ]è[è^ flk n_Xk nfibj Xe[ n_Xk [f\jeÅk+ N_\j\ hl\jk`fej ]fZlj fe è]fidXk`fe XYflk pfli k\XZ_è^d\k_f[j+ N_`j `j ZXcc\[ gifZ\jj \mXclXk`fe+

Npg`ZXc gifZ\jj hl\jk`fej èZcl[\7

v Bfn dXep g\fgc\ Xkk\e[\[ k_\ j\jj`fe:

v Q_f gXik`Z`gXk\[ è k_\ j\jj`fej: GXc\j) ]\dXc\j) X^\j:

v QXj dXk\i`Xc XmX`cXYc\ ]fi Xcc k_\ gXik`Z`gXekj:

v =flc[ k_\ XZk`m`k`\j Y\ ZXii`\[ flk è k_\ k`d\ ]iXd\ Xccfkk\[:

v Q_Xk Z_Xe^\j nflc[ k_\ gXik`Z`gXekj jl^^\jk ]fi `dgifm\d\ek:

/6


C] k_\ _\Xck_ \[lZXk`fe XZk`m`kp èmfcm\j X cXi^\i îflg jlZ_ Xj è X Zfddle`kp [\dfejkiXk`fe) `k `jX[m`jXYc\ kf \mXclXk\ k_\ XZk`m`kp k_ifl^_ X dfcgVj& g\i_Xgj ljè^ X jlY*jXdgc\ f] _flj\_fc[j+ IeZ\ Xk X_flj\_fc[) hl\jk`fej ZXe Y\ Xjb\[ kf ]è[ flk XYflk befnc\[^\ Xe[ Y\c`\]j8 Xe[) fe\ ZXe `SdVcgVg\i]fidXeZ\ f] k_\ ]`ck\iè^ jb`cc+ ;cjf) k_\ ]`ck\i ZXe Y\ Z_daVTeVU kf j\\ [\k\idè\ `kj Zfe[`k`fe k_ljj_fnè^ \m`[\eZ\ f] gifg\i lj\+

+. J(H( =DK;GCB;CI EG?CI?C= D<<?9; 4 +33+ ' /-/'.1.


Documents

W`c ;UfTReZ` R U Z Ec`XcR^d - who.int · 4muxyavonqwox^]2 fro pyvvyasxq zoyzvo z\y`snon sx`kv_klvo kn`smo kxn k]]s]^kxmo sx ^ro no`ovyzwox^ yp ^ro]o q_snovsxo]2 =y]r_k 4noxscs3 hsmox^sk