wateshedmanagement-140522033730-phpapp1

8/19/2019 wateshedmanagement-140522033730-phpapp1

1/45


2/45

Watershed :Defnition:

“Watershed can be defned as aunit o area covers all the landwhich contributes runo to acommon point or outlet andsurrounded by a ridge line”.

Deterioration of watershed takes placedue to faulty and bad managementthrough the activity of man and hisanimals.


3/45

Causes o watershedDeterioration:These activities are:Faulty agriculture, forestry and pasture(Grass land management leading to

degradation of land.!nscienti"c mining and #uarrying.Faulty road alignment and construction.$ndustriali%ationForest Fires &pathy (less interest of the people.


4/45

Deterioration :

'ess production from agriculture,forests, grass lands etc.

rosion increases and decreases

biomass productionapid siltation o reservoirs! la"es

and river beds.

'ess storage of water and lowering ofwater table.)overty as a result of less food

production.


5/45

W#$% &'%DD%(%)*+,%-$+ossible range o treatment

measures

Contour bundingContour trenchingContour stone walls

ench terraces)and levelling&ummer ploughing


6/45

#gro orestry with suitable

species(egetative barriersChec" dams /$emporary and

+ermanent0etaining walls

1arm ponds and +ercolationponds

enovation o e2isting water

bodies and inlet channels


7/45

C*,+*-%-$& *1W#$% &'%DD%(%)*+,%-$: 3 +uman esource Development (-ommunityDevelopment3 &oil and )and ,anagement

3 Water ,anagement3 -rop anagement3 &/orestation3 )asture0Fodder Development

3 'ivestock anagement3 ural nergy anagement3 Farm and non1farm value addition activities&ll these components are interdependent andinteractive.


8/45

D%(%)*+%D W#$% &'%D


9/45

,ethods or hill slopesC*-$*4 $ %-C'%& #-D

&$*-% W#))&%-C' $% #C5-6


10/45

C*-$*4 $ %-C'%&

#-D &$*-% W#))&


11/45


12/45


13/45

&uitable erosioncontrol in hills#dopted or hill slopes

789Continuous or

interrupted


14/45


15/45

2 3-+ T &-$3G


16/45

5t helps to bring sloping land

into di erent level strips toenable cultivation.5t consists o construction o

step li"e felds along contoursby hal cutting and hal flling.*riginal slope is converted

into level felds. $he verticaland hori;ontal intervals aredecided based land slope.


17/45

,ethods or agricultural

landChec" dam+ercolation pond,icro catchments

Contour bundroad beds and urrows

6ully plugs$ree plantation&ummer ploughing#gro orestry(egetative barriers

1arm ponds


18/45

Chec" dam


19/45

-heck Dam


20/45

# low weir normally constructed acrossthe gulliesConstructed on small streams and longgullies ormed by erosive activity oui ers'eight depends on the ban" height!varies rom a ? m to @ m and length

varies rom less than @m to ?9m


21/45

+ercolation pond


22/45

$o improve the ground waterrecharge.&hallow depression created at

lower portions in a natural or

diverted stream course)ocated in soils o permeable

nature

#daptable where 89A@9 groundwater wells or irrigation e2istwith in the ;one o in


23/45

,icro catchments


24/45

$o conserve insitu moistureand reduce soil lossCircular basin o one meter

dia or level lands dependingupon infltration and rain allDitches o si;e Em 2 Em with

trees planted centre

&aucer basins F semi circularbunds with 8m diameter to aheight o ?EA89cm across the

slope


25/45

road beds and urrows


26/45

$o control erosion and toconserve soil moisture in thesoil during rainy days $he broad bed and urrow

system is laid within the feldboundaries.Conserves soil moisture in dry

land.Controls soil erosion.#cts as a drainage channel

during heavy rainy days.


27/45

Contour bund


28/45


29/45

$o intercept the runo


30/45

6ully plugs


31/45

Gully plug is one of the simplemethod of soil and waterconservation. $t plays an importantrole in soil and water conservation.

Gullies are formed due to erosion oftop soil by the 4ow of rain water. $ncourse of time, a gully assumes a bigshape and erosion goes on increasing.

To prevent erosion, barriers or plugs ofdi/erent types of material are putacross the gully, at certain intervals.


32/45

$ree plantation$nstead of uneconomical

agriculture, farmers can growgrass in this hilly area and canuse that as a fodder for cattle.Farmers can go for dairy

development if good #uantity and#uality of grass is available.


33/45

For soil and water

conservation this activity willhelp. )lantation on commonland will satisfy basic need offuel wood.-heapest method for soil and

water conservation


34/45

5ummer ploughing


35/45

ain ob6ective of "eld

preparation is to control weedsFacilitate easy sowing and toestablish good seed soil contactFor easy absorption of moisture

To provide su7cient aeration

To improve water holdingcapacity


36/45

&gro forestry#gro orestry is an integratedapproach of using the interactive

bene"ts from combining trees andshrubs with crops and0or livestock.$t combines agricultural and

forestry technologies to create morediverse, productive, pro"table,healthy and sustainable land1usesystems.


37/45


38/45

(egetative barriers


39/45


40/45

8egetative barriers arealso an e/ective inter1terrace land treatment inplace of earthen barriers.


41/45

Farm ponds


42/45

oof top rainwaterharvesting$o recharge the wells /open

and tube wells0 particularlyabandoned wells by a runocollection system.Direct onAuse o collected

water i storage acility isavailable.


43/45

%C'# 6% $4 % W%))$o directly eed depleteda>ui ers to resh water romground sur ace so that the

recharge is ast without anyevaporation lossDepth o recharge tube well

depends on the presentdepth o bore wells in thearea


44/45


45/45

Documents

wateshedmanagement-140522033730-phpapp1