OKLAHOMA WATER QUALITY STANDARDS

2018-2019 TRIENNIAL REVISION

Oklahoma Water Resources Board

Informal Stakeholder Meeting

August 29, 2018

WHAT ARE HUMAN HEALTH CRITERIA?

• A Human Health Criterion (HHC) is the highest concentration

of pollutant that is not expected to pose a significant risk to

human health

• Provide protection from two routes of exposure

– Consumption of aquatic organisms

– Consumption of aquatic organisms + water

• Oklahoma HHC applicability

– Public and private water supply beneficial use

– Fish consumption beneficial use

• all OK waters except designated Habitat Limited Aquatic Communities

NATIONALLY RECOMMENDED 304(A) CRITERIA

• CWA section 304(a) requires EPA to develop and update

water quality criteria reflecting latest scientific knowledge

• 158 Human Health and Aquatic Life Criteria

– Derived through risk based assessments

– Based solely on data and science of pollutant-effect relationship,

not economics or technological feasibility

• In 2015, EPA updated 94 HHC

– Recalculated with recent exposure and toxicity data

OKLAHOMA’S HUMAN HEALTH CRITERIA

• Chapter 45 - Oklahoma’s Water Quality Standards (OWQS)

• 37 numerical criteria for inorganic and organic pollutants

• 14 raw water values (legacy MCL’s)

• 2012 update

– 20 recalculated; 5 new

Appendix G, Table 2. Numerical Criteria to Protect Beneficial Uses and All Subcategories Thereof

WHY UPDATE OKLAHOMA’S HHC?

• States are required to review and consider

nationally recommended 304(a) criteria

• Criteria should reflect the most recent,

scientifically sound information and

methodology

• Protect the health of Oklahomans

NEW HHC APPROACH • Evaluated 71 of EPA’s nationally recommended HHC for

environmental relevance in Oklahoma

– Measured ambiently above detection or reporting limit?

• Water Quality Portal

– Being discharged?

• TRI, DMR

– Potential to be discharged?

• Evaluation outcome

– Considering 38 criteria

• 18 Carcinogens

• 20 Non-Carcinogens

– Not considering 33 criteria

• Calculated criteria

– Considering 38 new HHC

Ambient Data Sources

Water Quality Portal- An online database created by the Advisory Committee on Water Information (ACWI) and the National Water

Quality Monitoring Council (NWQMC) and collates information from the organizations listed below. The water quality portal is the

primary data source for all publically available surface water data in the US. Ambient data for the years 1997-2017 were downloaded

and compared to the 304(a) criteria. Water quality portal data sources include:

• Agricultural Research Service (ARS)

• Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

• United States Geological Survey (USGS)

• States and Tribes

Discharge Data Sources

Discharge Monitoring Report (DMR)- The Clean Water Act requires all point source dischargers to obtain an NPDES permit and

monitor their discharge and report their findings. The Integrated Compliance Information System-National Pollutant Discharge

Elimination System (ICIS-NPDES) database includes the DMR information for a subset of NPDES permittees, this database was used

to access the discharger monitoring reports and records of monitored pollutants. Although not all dischargers are required to submit

their DMR information into ICIS-NPDES, in 2016, 67% of major dischargers and 46% of minor dischargers in Oklahoma reported

pollutant loadings to ICIS-NPDES. Information on pollutants discharged was downloaded for the years 2007-2016 and compared to

the 304(a) criteria.

Toxic Release Inventory (TRI)-The TRI program covers over 650 chemicals which cause cancer, acute or chronic human health

effects, or environmental effects. Facilities that manufacture, process or otherwise use these chemicals in amounts above established

levels must submit annual TRI reports on each chemical. The annual TRI reports includes discharges to air or water and land

disposals. The TRI chemical list doesn't include all toxic chemicals used in the US. Facilities that report to TRI are typically larger

facilities involved in manufacturing, metal mining, electric power generation, chemical manufacturing and hazardous waste treatment.

Information on water discharges of pollutants was downloaded for the years 2007-2016 and compared to the 304(a) criteria.

Oklahoma Industry Presence Data Sources

EPA's Risk-Screening Environmental Indicators (RSEI) Model Database (2007-2010) was used to determine the North American

Industry Classification System (NAICS) codes of TRI industries which release to water. The uses of pollutants which warranted further

investigation were researched and compared to the NAICS codes to determine if the industry was present in Oklahoma and therefore

the potential for the pollutant to be used exists.

Oklahoma Agriculture Food and Forestry/ Kelly Solutions The following website was used to search for annual pesticide

registration information for pesticides containing any of the pollutants which warranted further investigation.

http://www.kellysolutions.com/OK/pesticideindex.htm

Detail of Process to Determine Environmentally Relevant

Human Health Criteria Parameters for Oklahoma

Consider Not Considered

1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane *

1,2,4,5-Tetrachlorobenzene *

1,2-Diphenylhydrazine

1,3-Dichlorobenzene

2,4-Dichlorophenol

2,4-Dinitrophenol

2,4,6-Trichlorophenol*

2-Chlorophenol

2-Methyl-4,6-Dinitrophenol

3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine

3-Methyl-4-Chlorophenol

alpha-Endosulfan

Benzo (a) Anthracene

Benzo (k) Fluoranthene

beta-Hexachlorocyclohexane

Bis(2-Chloroethyl)Ether

Bis(Chloromethyl) Ether *

Dibenzo (a,h) Anthracene

Endosulfan Sulfate

Endrin Aldehyde

Hexachlorobutadiene

Hexachlorocyclopentadiene

Hexachloroethane

Hexachlorocyclohexane

Indeno (1,2,3-cd) Pyrene

Nitrosamines *

N-Nitrosodibutylamine *

N-Nitrosodiethylamine

N-Nitrosodimethylamine

N-Nitrosodi-n-propylamine

N-Nitrosodiphenylamine *

N-Nitrosopyrrolidine *

Pentachlorobenzene * 1,1,2-Trichloroethane

1,1-Dichloroethylene

1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene

1,2-Dichlorobenzene *

1,2-Dichloroethane *

1,2-Dichloropropane *

1,3-Dichloropropene *

1,4-Dichlorobenzene *

2,4,5-Trichlorophenol *

2,4-Dimethylphenol *

2,4-Dinitrotoluene *

2-Chloronaphthalene

Acenaphthene

alpha-

Hexachlorocyclohexane

Anthracene

Antimony

Benzo (a) Pyrene

Benzo (b) Fluoranthene

beta-Endosulfan

Bis (2-Chloro-1-Methylethyl)

Ether *

Bromoform

Chlorobenzene *

Chlorodibromomethane

Chrysene

Dinitrophenols *

Fluoranthene

Fluorene

Heptachlor Epoxide

Isophorone*

Manganese

Methyl Bromide *

Methylene Chloride*

Nitrobenzene *

Dichlorodiphenyl-

dichloroethylene (DDE)

Pyrene

Trans-1,2-

Dichloroethylene *

Trichloroethylene

Vinyl Chloride *

* indicates pollutants

which were measured

below detection OR not

investigated in OK and

were determined to have

potential to be used in

OK.

* indicates pollutants

which were measured

below detection OR

not investigated in OK

and were determined

to not likely be used in

OK.

DATA NEEDS FOR HHC CALCULATION • Toxicity Values

– Non-carcinogens

– Carcinogens

• Risk Level

– EPA (10-6); OK (10-5)

• Exposure Inputs

– Fish Consumption Rate (FCR)

• 17.5 g/day to 22 g/day

– Drinking Water Intake (DI)

• 2.0 L/Day to 2.4 L/Day

– Body Weight (BW)

• 70 kg to 80 kg (176.4 lbs)

– Relative source contribution factor (RSC)

• accounts for non-water sources

• Bioaccumulation factor (BAF) or Bioconcentration (BCF)

HOW DO YOU CALCULATE HHC?

Carcinogen Equation

EQUATIONS AND INPUTS Carcinogen

Consumption of water and organisms:

AWQC (μg/L) = toxicity value (10-5 / CSF) [mg/kg-d] × BW (kg) × 1,000 (μg/mg) DI (L/d) + Σ4

i=2 (FCRi (kg/d) × BAFi (L/kg)) Organism only:

AWQC (μg/L) = toxicity value (10-5 / CSF) [mg/kg-d] × BW (kg) × 1,000 (μg/mg) Σ4

i=2 (FCRi (kg/d) × BAFi (L/kg)) Non-Carcinogen

Consumption of water and organisms:

AWQC (μg/L) = toxicity value (RfD [mg/kg-d] × RSC) × BW (kg) × 1,000 (μg/mg) DI (L/d) + Σ4

i=2 (FCRi (kg/d) × BAFi (L/kg))

Organism only:

AWQC (μg/L) = toxicity value (RfD [mg/kg-d] × RSC) × BW (kg) × 1,000 (μg/mg) Σ4

i=2 (FCRi (kg/d) × BAFi (L/kg))

Inputs Value Units

Body Weight 80 kg

Drinking Water Intake 2.4 L/d

Fish Consumption Rate (Total) 0.0220 kg/d

Fish Consumption Rate for Trophic Level 2 0.0076 kg/d

Fish Consumption Rate for Trophic Level 3 0.0086 kg/d

Fish Consumption Rate for Trophic Level 4 0.0051 kg/d

Target excess lifetime cancer risk 0.00001 unitless

NEW HHC VALUES Chemical Name CAS

Water + Organism

(µg/L)

Organism Only

(µg/L)

1,1,2-Trichloroethane 79-00-5 5.5 89

1,1-Dichloroethylene 75-35-4 300 20000

1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene 120-82-1 0.71 0.76

1,2-Dichlorobenzene 95-50-1 1000 3000

1,2-Dichloroethane 107-06-2 99 6500

1,2-Dichloropropane 78-87-5 9 310

1,2-Trans-Dichloroethylene 156-60-5 100 4000

1,3-Dichloropropene 542-75-6 2.7 120

1,4-Dichlorobenzene 106-46-7 300 900

2,4,5-Trichlorophenol 95-95-4 300 600

2,4-Dimethylphenol 105-67-9 100 3000

2,4-Dinitrotoluene 121-14-2 0.49 17

2-Chloronaphthalene 91-58-7 800 1000

4,4'-DDE 72-55-9 0.00018 0.00018

Acenaphthene 83-32-9 70 90

alpha-BHC 319-84-6 0.0036 0.0039

Anthracene 120-12-7 300 400

Antimony 77440-36-0 5 600

Benzo (a) Pyrene 50-32-8 0.0012 0.0013

Benzo (b) Fluoranthene 205-99-2 0.012 0.013

beta-Endosulfan 33213-65-9 20 40

Bis(2-Chloro-1-Methylethyl) Ether 108-60-1 200 4000

Bromoform 75-25-2 70 1200

Chlorobenzene 108-90-7 100 800

Chlorodibromomethane 124-48-1 8 210

Chrysene 218-01-9 1.2 1.3

Dinitrophenols 25550-58-7 10 1000

Fluoranthene 206-44-0 20 20

Fluorene 86-73-7 50 70

Heptachlor Epoxide 1024-57-3 0.00032 0.00032

Isophorone 78-59-1 340 18000

Manganese 7439-96-5 50 100

Methyl Bromide 74-83-9 100 10000

Methylene Chloride 75-09-2 40 3000

Nitrobenzene 98-95-3 10 600

Pyrene 129-00-0 20 30

Trichloroethylene 79-01-6 3 30

Vinyl Chloride 75-01-4 0.22 16

NEXT STEPS…..

• Criteria calculations for 37 existing HHC

• Fact sheets for 38 new HHC being considered

• Chapter 45, Appendix G, Table 2