Water in Landscape

林晏州 教授Yann-Jou Lin

Introduction• Water can bring a magical quality to your garden,

it's movement, sight and sound instills a sense of tranquility which combined with effective lighting can transform the garden into a private haven far away from the stress of everyday life.

Introduction• Movement can be created by fountains, waterfalls

and cascades, while concealed bio systems and suitable planting will maintain the highest quality of water with the least possible maintenance.

Introduction• It’s hard to find another element that is so central

and so vital both to basic life and to a diverse range of aesthetic and recreational pleasure.

Introduction• Water in nature In nature, water is found in a variety of

form, shapes and actions - rivers - lakes - ponds - waterfalls - springs - marshes, etc.

Introduction• In planning and

designing, the first step is to study and understand the “to-and-fro” or activity of nature water sources.

History of Water in Design

In western gardens• Egypt - Water is a necessity—an Egyptian garden is

unthinkable without it—and it is unusual not to have it shown in a picture.

- The gardens of the Egyptians were essentially for private enjoyment and relaxation.

History of Water in Design

In western gardens• Egypt- Straight rectangular canals and channels

inspired the emergence of a symmetrical enclosure as the universally adopted garden plan.

- The water equipments in the garden of Egypt had many applications .

History of Water in Design

• Greece

- There is water set up in different ways.Sometimes it is a fountain splashing into a square basin of clever design appearing among the flowers. This water acts like a mirror, showing us two gardens, the real one and its reflection.

History of Water in Design

• Rome- The application of canals:

ponds, fountains, irrigation, etc.

History of Water in Design

History of Water in Design

古羅馬洞穴石景 德斯特別墅的管風琴噴水

History of Water in Design

• Islamic Cultures- The scarcity of water and

the difficulty of bringing it to the garden compelled Muslim designers to develop efficient methods of irrigation and to embrace a high regard for water as the indispensable support of life.

History of Water in Design• Islamic Cultures- This makes the

intricacy of the channels and the reticence of undisturbed pools and low bubble fountains more strikingly subtle and understated.

- This gives an insight into the spirit behind their reaction.

History of Water in DesignHistory of Water in Design

Alhambra ( 阿罕布拉宮 )

Leones ( 獅子宮 )

History of Water in Design

• Renaissance and Baroque Europe- Italy- France

History of Water in Design• Italy- Because of the highly development of water

arrangement, they set up many fountains and canals to lead the water into the garden from the hill.

History of Water in Design• Italy- A means of expression and the opportunity to

impress by combining decoration with movement.- Water- primarily representative and symbolic- the

soul of a garden, and often deployed with great subtlety..

History of Water in Design•Italy

The waterscape of Villa d'Este

History of Water in Design•Italy

橢圓形噴泉為庭園內最典型的巴洛克式噴泉

History of Water in Design

• France- The Italian influence

on French garden design can be traced very precisely through the story of the Francinis, but there is fewer fountain and waterfall in French garden than in Italian.

The canal of Versailles

History of Water in Design

• France- Everywhere there is

water either in wide tanks or narrow canals, pleasing but scarcely ever artificially wrought, and serving rather as a frame for house and gardens.

The gushing water,France

History of Water in Design

In eastern garden• China- Chinese gardening art

relates closely to the water and mountains found in Nature, but does not simply imitate the types of scenery to be found in natural settings.

History of Water in DesignIn eastern garden• China- Water can be well used as a mirror. Beautiful

images vividly reflect in the water.

- Islets in lakes or ponds are one of the main elements of Chinese gardening.

History of Water in Design• Japan- Water's importance is a

symbol and expression of the sea. In general, a pond or lake occupies the most significant portion of the garden.

History of Water in Design• Japan- If space is a problem, one is supposed to be able to

enjoy the tranquility of the sea in a bucketful of water contained in a stone water basin.

Basic Form of Water• Hydrosphere is the dynamic mass of water

that is continually on the move. It includes the entire water body on our planet. There are four basic forms of water in nature that we can use as the design element.

- Quiet Waters ( 滯水 )- Running Waters ( 流水 )- Waterfalls ( 落水 )- Gushing Waters ( 噴水 )

基本型態 自然狀態

操作行為

方向性 空間構成 水景設計

流水

Running

Waters

流 流動 水平的

(傾斜)

坡度、寬度與長度、流速、流量、線形、護岸

處理，緩急

遣水曲水、流，小河，水道

落水

Waterfalls 落 落水 垂直的

落差，流量，落差寬度與條數，落水口，背景材料，廣、狹、強、弱

瀑布(大、小)、澗

滯水

Quiet

Waters

靜止 靜止 水平的

基地面與形的複雜性，水面積，位置，深度，清澄度，廣、狹

池、池塘、游泳池

噴水

Gushing

Waters

噴出

湧出

噴出

湧出

垂直的

(傾斜)

噴水口，水壓，全體形，場所，高度與風力，光音組合，強弱

噴水、湧水、泉

Basic Form of Water

Basic Form of Water• Quiet Waters (滯水 )- Different scales and shapes of quiet water

will have different characteristics and results.

Basic Form of Water

• Quiet Waters (滯水 )- When the surface of the body

of water is wide, it appears quiet and silent.

- It also reflects the images of things along the shore.

Basic Form of Water• Quiet Waters ( 滯水 )

相映 水的構造物

• Quiet Waters ( 滯水 )

Basic Form of Water• Quiet Waters ( 滯水 )

Basic Form of Water• Running Waters

(流水 )- The shape of

flowing water is dependent on many variables: width , slope, material of bottom of the pool, structure.

Basic Form of Water

• Running Waters (流水 )- The main characteristic of water that we

use as a design element is continuous flowing.

- Running water can use to divide or connect of space.

                                         

    

Basic Form of Water• Running Waters ( 流水 )

• Running Waters

( 流水 )

Basic Form of Water• Waterfalls (落水 )- Waterfalls has many

functions, such as symbolic, harmonizing, guiding, buffering, covering, and making sounds..

Basic Form of Water• Waterfalls (落水 )- The location of waterfalls

depends on the distance of viewers.

- Waterfalls on the squares can be used as recreational equipments.

Basic Form of Water• Waterfalls ( 落水 )

Basic Form of Water• Waterfalls ( 落水 )

• Waterfalls ( 落水 )

• Waterfalls (Waterfalls ( 落水落水 ))

• Waterfalls (落水 )

• Waterfalls ( 落水 )

Basic Form of Water• Gushing Waters ( 噴水 )- natural or artificially conveyed flow of water.

• Gushing Waters ( 噴水 )

• Gushing Waters ( 噴水 )

• Gushing Waters ( 噴水 )

Gushing Waters (Gushing Waters (噴水噴水 ))

Basic Form of Water• Gushing Waters ( 噴水 )

Application of water

• Water played many different roles within the design-- emphasizing architectural elements- masking outdoor noise- producing pleasing sounds- irrigating plants- moisturizing and cooling the hot dry microclimate- soothing the dusty wind- play with it

Application of Water• Play Areas

Motion in Water Features Utilitarian Water Features

Application of Water

Application of WaterApplication of Water

Principles of Design • Design Constraints- Basic

Consideration- Location

dusty, windy- Purpose

public pedestrian, children, attraction, swimming- Maintenance - Feasibility

Principles of Design • Design

Consideration- Scale Lawrence Halprin &

Associates, model - Immediacy Charles Moore,

contact between observer and the water

Principles of Design

• Design Consideration- Sunlight orientation and advantage of

direct sunlight

- Materials metal, small pools, sculptural

elements, copper and sheet brass, sheet lead, watertight basin

Discussion