Water and Environmental Justice Ch33

8102019 Water and Environmental Justice Ch33

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullwater-and-environmental-justice-ch33 139



10486291048626

Introduction

Te United States has remarkable water systems developed over two centuries o tech-nological institutional and economic advances Yet the bene1047297ts o those systems have

not been elt equally across regions communities or populations And the adverse con-

sequences o inadequate water quality or quantity and the lack o responsiveness o some

water institutions to community input and participation have helped contribute to the

growing environmental justice (EJ) effort to reorm water policies based on respect and

justice or all ree rom discrimination bias or inequity In communities rom Detroit to

New Orleans the inner city to the tribal areas efforts to understand and address EJ issues

around water are beginning to take shape

Environmental justice research documents disproportionate environmental burdensacing low-income communities and communities o color ranging rom high concen-

trations o hazardous acilities to contaminated groundwater rom agricultural activities

Environmental justice contextualizes the environmental conditions that threaten the

physical social economic or environmental health and well-being o these communities

within overall patterns o racism classism and other orms o discrimination in the US

economy government and society in general Water justice is one piece o a larger vision

or EJ Concepts o the ldquosof path or waterrdquo and o water justice demand that all commu-

nities be able to access and manage water or bene1047297cial uses including drinking waste re-

moval cultural and spiritual practices reliance on the wildlie it sustains and enjoymentor recreational purposes (EJCW 10486269830889830881048629)

3

WATER AND ENVIRONMEN TAL JUSTICE

Amy Vanderwarker

Water is lie Te Peoplersquos Water Board advocates or

access protection and conservation o water We believe

water is a human right and all people should have access

to clean and affordable water Water is a commons that

should be held in the public trust ree o privatization

Te Peoplersquos Water Board promotes awareness o the

interconnectedness o all people and resources

mdashMission o the Peoplersquos Water Board o Detroit Michigan



Water and En983158ironmental Justice 10486291048627

Recent experience in Detroit offers an example o both the challenges and innova-

tive solutions associated with inequities in water policy and management Frustrated by

a series o water shutoffs threats o privatization and a closed and unresponsive water

board residents rom across Detroit ormed a Peoplersquos Water Board to shadow the gov-erning Board o Water Commissioners o the municipal water supplier the Detroit

Water and Sewage Department Te demands o the Peoplersquos Water Board include a

citywide water affordability plan public control o water services and more transparent

water decision making (Peoplersquos Water Board 1048626983088983088983097) Tese kinds o organizing efforts

in Detroit a predominantly Arican American city with high rates o poverty and un-

employment exempliy growing community responses to water injustices especially the

chronic lack o access to sae clean affordable water in some low-income communities

and communities o color

Tis chapter draws on concepts that EJ advocates and organizers rom across the coun-try have long used to demand healthy clean places to live work and play as a ramework

to explore water-speci1047297c EJ issues in ederal policy and to identiy needed policy changes

We explore some o the most severe and well-documented examples o water injustices

and their underlying causes with recommendations to better incorporate EJ into ederal

water policy Indigenous water issues are addressed separately (see chapter 983092 ribes and

Water) however any consideration o water injustices must highlight both the historical

legacy o indigenous water struggles and the imperative need to address current indige-

nous water concerns

The Environmental Justice Movement

Environmental Justice affi rms the sacredness o Mother Earth ecological unity and the

interdependence o all species and the right to be ree rom ecological destruction

Environmental Justice demands that public policy be based on mutual respect and justice or all

peoples ree rom any orm o discrimination or bias

mdashFirst and Second Principles o En983158ironmental Justice

Many communities have struggled to protect their natural resources and quality o lie

or years but the modern EJ movement emerged rom several currents o social justice

activism in the 1048625983097983095983088s It gained momentum rom grassroots struggles around the country

to protect community lands and people rom pollutants Te movement expands the

de1047297nition o the environment to include where people live work and play In doing so

it challenges mainstream environmentalism to move beyond ecological protection and

address the broad hazards that low-income communities and communities o color ace

(Cole and Foster 10486269830889830881048625)

Te EJ movement challenges the exclusive nature o environmental decision making

For example decisions about where to build a dam have historically been made without

any input rom those who would be most affected by the proposalmdashsuch as the people



1048629983092 A wenty-First Century US Water Policy

displaced by 1047298ooding or the people whose water would be dammed o counter this pat-

tern the EJ movement has worked to ensure the voices o those most affected by environ-

mental decisions are involved in a transparent decision-making process (Di Chiro 1048625983097983097983094)

In 10486259830979830971048625 the First National People o Color Environmental Leadership Summit au-thored the 983089983095 Principles o En983158ironmental Justice which remain oundational today Te

principles outline three major concepts o EJ no community should bear a dispropor-

tionate burden o environmental hazards all communities should have access to envi-

ronmental bene1047297ts and decision-making processes need to be transparent and include

community voices

Many early EJ struggles revolved around battles to prevent the siting o toxic acilities

ranging rom re1047297neries to hazardous waste acilities in low-income communities and

communities o color (Cole and Foster 10486269830889830881048625) Water issues were and continue to be a

piece o many 1047297ghts but rarely has a comprehensive EJ analysis applied directly to water problems and the range o agencies involved in water management

Mounting pressure on both state and national governments resulted in the creation o

a ederal-level policy inrastructure to incorporate EJ into environmental decision mak-

ing In 10486259830979830971048626 the ederal Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) created an Offi ce o

Environmental Justice and in 10486259830979830971048627 established a National Environmental Justice Advisory

Committee (NEJAC) to provide independent advice and analysis rom stakeholders on

EJ issues (EPA 10486269830881048625983088b) In 1048625983097983097983092 President Clinton signed Executive Order 10486251048626983096983097983096 direct-

ing agencies receiving ederal unding to address the disproportionate environmental

impacts o their policies and programs on low-income communities and communities ocolor Te executive order also established an Interagency Working Group on Environ-

mental Justice bringing together representatives rom 10486251048626 ederal agencies to integrate EJ

into ederal programs including agencies with water jurisdiction

Environmental Justice and Federal Water Policy

All ederal agencies involved in national water policy no matter their diversity or jurisdic-

tion are encompassed within the executive order on EJ As was noted in chapter 1048626 Legaland Institutional Framework o Water Management ldquoederal water policyrdquo includes the

literally dozens o agencies laws Congressional committees and regulations designed to

manage water resources in the United States It includes sweeping pieces o legislation

such as the Sae Drinking Water Act (SDWA) and the Clean Water Act (CWA) as well as

water provisions within legislation as diverse as that governing the Department o Agricul-

ture and the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act which manages hazardous waste

disposal Te Bureau o Reclamation and the Army Corps o Engineers build and operate

large-scale publicly unded water projects which develop water resources or irrigation do-

mestic supplies to urban areas and hydropower With the exception o the Army Corps allhave been represented within the Interagency Working Group on Environmental Justice




Federal environmental policy including water policy has struggled to ully institu-

tionalize EJ despite the strong guidance o NEJAC Independent studies by the National

Academy o Public Administration the US Commission on Civil Rights and the O-

1047297ce o the Inspector General have all reached similar conclusions EJ ldquohas not yet beenintegrated ully into the agencyrsquos core mission or its staff unctionsrdquo (NAPA 10486269830889830881048625) and

ldquoederal agencies have not established accountability and perormance outcomes or pro-

grams and activitiesrdquo (USCCR 10486269830889830881048627 983096) As result there has been little effective or com-

prehensive implementation o EJ policies (OIG 1048626983088983088983094)

Te history o ederal water policy has created a particular set o EJ issues Federal

water policy has prioritized use o water or economic purposes primarily through

large-scale water developments such as dams irrigation and 1047298ood control and in do-

ing so has overlooked a range o impacts on speci1047297c communities and the environ-

ment (Steinberg 10486259830979830971048627) A heavy reliance and emphasis on ldquoengineeringrdquo solutions to water problems such as dams has emphasized technological skills rather than commu-

nity voices or local consequences (Espeland 1048625983097983097983096 Donahue and Johnston 1048625983097983097983096) Cor-

respondingly water decisions whether at a local or ederal level have been exclusive

and opaque (EJCW 10486269830889830881048629Ingram Whiteley and Perry 1048626983088983088983096) Consequently as water

scholars Helen Ingram John Whitely and Richard Perry note ldquomany water develop-

ments ail to satisy the basic distributional equity and environmental justice tenet that

no groups particularly the disadvantaged should be made worse off because o water

policiesrdquo (1048626983088983088983096 1048625983094)

Documenting Environmental Injustices

Te poor and especially the nonwhite poor bear a disproportionate burden o exposure to

suboptimal unhealthy environmental conditions in the United States

mdashEvans and Kantrowitz ( 983090983088983088983090 )

In the past several decades there have been hundreds o studies investigating the cor-

relations between race income and environmental burdens983089 Literature reviews reveal

overwhelming evidence that backs up what many communities long suspected Race andclass matter in the distribution o environmental burdens oxic waste sites and acilities

that release toxic emissions are more likely to be sited in low-income neighborhoods

with primarily nonwhite residents (Bullard et al 1048626983088983088983095 Fricker and Hengarten 10486269830889830881048625

Rowan and Fridgen 10486269830889830881048627) Health in the United States is inextricably linked to race

and class Lower-income communities and communities o color have higher rates o a

vast array o diseases ranging rom asthma to lead poisoning to higher rates o mortality

(Evans and Kantrowitz 10486269830889830881048626 Brulle and Pellow 1048626983088983088983094 Gee and Payne-Sturges 1048626983088983088983092

Quintero-Somaini and Quirindongo 1048626983088983088983092 Williams and Collins 10486259830979830971048629) An analysis o

Caliornia health data suggested that about 10486261048629983088983088983088983088 Caliornians sometimes go without water due to insuffi cient supply or are exposed to contaminated water and that many




o these residents ldquoreside in rural economically disadvantaged communitiesrdquo (Wilber

10486269830889830881048627 Moore and Matalon 104862698308810486251048625)

As a result low-income communities and communities o color may experience the cu-

mulative impacts o exposure to a wide variety o contaminants or disproportionate lacko access to resources According to NEJAC the idea o cumulative risks and impacts

is the ldquomatrix o physical chemical biological social and cultural actors which result

in certain communities and sub-populations being more susceptible to environmental

toxins being more exposed to toxins or having compromised ability to cope with andor

recover rom such exposurerdquo (NEJAC 1048626983088983088983092 i)

Tere are many barriers to achieving change or EJ in communities More affl uent com-

munities have an array o privileges that help ensure healthier environments including

more political in1047298uence and resources to 1047297ght unwanted environmental hazards (Brulle

and Pellow 1048626983088983088983094) An Institute o Medicine report on EJ and public health ound thatldquothere are identi1047297able communities o concern that experience a certain type o double

jeopardy in the sense that they (1048625) experience higher levels o exposure to environmental

stressors in terms o both requency and magnitude and (1048626) are less able to deal with these

hazards as a result o limited knowledge o exposures and disenranchisement in the po-

litical processrdquo (Committee on Environmental Justice 1048625983097983097983097 983094)

Tese problems extend to water resources Water injustices within ederal water policy

include

bull Instances where low-income communities and communities o color are disproportionately burdened by water hazards ranging rom lack o clean drinking

water to higher exposure to 1047297sh contamination

bull Legacies o discrimination in land-use planning and housing that perpetuate

water inequities such as exposure to lead contamination in drinking water

bull Inequalities in the enorcement o water-speci1047297c policies and regulations

bull Gaps in existing regulations around water policy and a lack o regulations

around critical water justice issues

bull Cumulative risks and impacts to low-income communities and communities o

color that are overlookedbull Community voices and water needs that have been excluded rom ederal water

policy

Regional studies and stories rom across the country document the water struggles

o low-income communities and communities o color and demonstrate that there is

much progress to be made beore water justice is achieved in the United States Accu-

rate data on water quality and water use do not exist in many places and is not com-

prehensively collected nationwide (see chapter 1048625) Tere is also a lack o data com-

paring water issues in the context o race and income For example the US Censusonce collected inormation on individual sources o drinking water but the question




is no longer asked making it diffi cult to assess questions o inequitable access to water

(GWF 1048626983088983088983095)

983116983137983139983147 983151983142 983137983139983139983141983155983155 983156983151 983155983137983142983141 983139983148983141983137983150 983140983154983145983150983147983145 983150983143 983159983137983156983141983154 983137983150983140

983159983137983155983156983141983159983137983156983141983154 983155983141983154983158983145983139983141983155

Tere is a widespread assumption that sae affordable water or drinking and household

use is available to all residents in the United Statesmdashindeed UN estimates o urban pop-

ulations with access to sae water or sanitation ofen assume 1048625983088983088 percent coverage in the

United States Te reality is that some low-income communities and communities o

color lack access to water or the most basic human needs Tis lack o access to clean sae

drinking water can be caused by contamination in the water or because o a lack o ade-

quate drinking water and wastewater inrastructure such as old or nonexistent plumbing

983108983154983145983150983147983145983150983143 983159983137983156983141983154 983139983151983150983156983137983149983145983150983137983156983145983151983150

Without water we canrsquot live but we have nitrates Tere is no money put into communities or

certain things Either the community doesnrsquot have enough money to 1047297x the problem or agencies

donrsquot really care about it

mdash Jessica Sanchez resident o East Orosi Caliornia

Jessica Sanchez lives in East Orosi a small predominantly low-income Latino town inCaliorniarsquos agricultural heartland the San Joaquin Valley Te groundwater that is the

source o drinking water in East Orosi has been contaminated with nitrates a result o

ertilizer application at large arms and con1047297ned animal acilities (Harter 1048626983088983088983097) Nitrates

can cause death in inants reproductive problems and have been linked to cancer (Moore

and Matalon 104862698308810486251048625)

Te ederal Sae Drinking Water Act requires all drinking water to meet health stan-

dards set by the EPA but violations occur regularly In one year alone the water o nearly

one-third o all people drinking water rom a public system had a health violation (EPA

1048626983088983088983097c) Over the last 1047297ve years more than 983092983097 million people were served by water systemsthat reported instances o contaminants exceeding ederal health limits (Duhigg 1048626983088983088983097c)

Tis leads to widespread but poorly quanti1047297ed and hard to measure health impacts By

one estimate there are 1048625983094983092 million gastrointestinal illnesses caused by contaminated

drinking water each year (Messner et al 1048626983088983088983094)

Low-income communities and communities o color oten ace the most severe

and persistent drinking water contamination (Evans and Kantrowitz 10486269830889830881048626) Sixty-

one percent o drinking water systems on Native American reservations had health

violations or other signiicant reporting violations in 1048626983088983088983094 compared with 1048626983095 per-

cent o all public systems in the United States (EPA 1048626983088983088983097c) One study ound thatlevels o both nitrate and coliorm on two reservations in Nebraska were signiicantly




higher than both regional and national averages (McGinnis and Davis 10486269830889830881048625) An-

other report linked high levels o industrial contaminants in the drinking water o

Latino residents in ucson Arizona to abnormally high rates o adult cancer and

neurological disorders in newborns (Pinderhughes 1048625983097983097983094) In the Appalachia regiono West Virginia the drinking water supply o low-income communities has been

contaminated with coal slurry injections containing a host o toxic chemicals (Sludge

Saety Project 1048626983088983088983097)

Lead is a metal ound in natural deposits but it is commonly used in a variety o house-

hold products old paints and household plumbing materials and water service lines Te

greatest exposure to lead comes rom swallowing or breathing in lead paint chips and

dust but lead in drinking water is also a health risk A prohibition on lead in plumbing

materials has been in effect since 1048625983097983096983094 but an old inrastructure can contaminate drink-

ing water with lead Drinking water can contribute over 1048626983088 percent o lead poisoning inchildren (EPA 1048626983088983088983092) and low-income Arican American and Latino children consis-

tently have disproportionately high levels o lead in their blood (EPA 1048626983088983088983088)

983116983137983139983147 983151983142 983137983139983139983141983155983155 983156983151 983137983140983141983153983157983137983156983141 983145983150983142983154 983137983155983156983154983157983139983156983157983154983141 983142983151983154 983156983144983141 983152983151983151983154

Wersquore like a hole in the doughnut with regard to sewer garbage pickup and street lighting We

want a voice in political affairs and we want the services that are afforded to everyone around us

Wersquore trying to get communities that have been neglected or 1048625983088983088 years brought up to date up to

code up to 10486261048625st-century standards

mdashMaurice Holland Midway Community Association North Carolina (qtd in UNCCR 983090983088983088983094 )

In small towns like Midway North Carolina Arican American residents live with the

vestiges o Jim Crow segregation and lack o basic services such as sewer systems (Par-

nell et al 1048626983088983088983092) Residents in the small rural Arican American community struggle

with sewage over1047298ows while nearby white affl uent communities are developed as ma-

jor tourism destinations (UNCCR 1048626983088983088983094) Researchers in North Carolina ound that

ldquodiscriminatory zoning ordinances and land-use regulations continue to be used to deny

Arican Americans access to basic services and political voice in critical community and

economic development decisionsrdquo (Johnson et al 1048626983088983088983092 1048627)

While many people ofen take the pipes that bring water to their 1047297ngertips or granted

literally hundreds o thousands o houses across the country lack complete plumbing

many in impoverished rural areas (Gasteyer and Vaswami 1048626983088983088983092) Te 1048626983088983088983095 American

Housing Survey indicates that 10486251048625 percent o all housing units lack some aspect o indoor

plumbing rising to 10486261048627 percent or houses below the poverty level Over 1048627 percent o

households experienced a water stoppage at some point in the year (US Census 1048626983088983088983096)

Numerous studies have shown that these problems are higher among low-income com-

munities and communities o color One study shows that Arican Americans are more

than twice as likely and Hispanics are more than three times as likely as non-Hispanic




whites to live in homes with incomplete plumbing (Mather 1048626983088983088983092) Nearly 10486251048626 percent o

Native Americans on reservations and 1048627983088 percent o Alaska Natives lack plumbing (EPA

10486269830889830881048625b) Rural Arican American households are three times as likely as other rural house-

holds to lack plumbing (George Pinder and Singleton 1048626983088983088983092) In rural subdivisionscalled colonias along the 1048626983088983088983088-mile border between the United States and Mexico just

about one-quarter o all residents lack treated water and 983092983092 percent o the houses do not

have wastewater plumbing (FRBD nd) Residents are overwhelmingly Latino o Mexi-

can descent and immigrants About one-third o these residents live below the poverty

level and average incomes are as low as $1048629983088983088983088 per year in some areas (FRBD nd)

Discrimination in zoning and construction has denied low-income communities and

communities o color basic inrastructure such as sewers and wastewater (Lichter et al

1048626983088983088983095 roesken 10486269830889830881048626 WERA 10486269830889830881048626 Anderson 1048626983088983088983096) Colonias both along the border

and in agricultural areas rural Arican American communities and Native American res-ervations illustrate a material orm o racial discrimination (Snipp 1048625983097983097983094) And these same

isolated rural areas are most likely to lack basic water and wastewater services (Snipp

1048625983097983097983094)

Access to and the scale o water 1047297nancing is also ofen inequitable Water distribution

systems are generally 1047297nanced and constructed at a local level with some ederal support

but such unding (primarily in the orm o loans and grants or inrastructure construc-

tion) has a series o barriers or low-income water systems (discussed in the next section)

and has traditionally ailed to address the underlying persistence o water problems in

low-income communities and communities o color

983127983144983151 983152983137983161983155 983137983150 983140 983159983144983151 983145983155 983148983141983142983156 983151983157983156 983141983153983157983145 983156983161 983145983150 983159983137983156983141983154 983142983145 983150983137983150983139983145983150 983143 983137983150 983140 983142983157983150983140983145983150 983143

Despite the clear evidence that many people in the United States still lack basic water

inrastructure ederal appropriations or water projects have been steadily declining

since the mid-1048625983097983094983088s (Cody and Carter 1048626983088983088983097) Drinking water and wastewater systems

throughout the country not just those serving low-income communities and commu-

nities o color are acing unding needs estimated between $10486271048627983092983096 and $1048629983088983092 billion over

the next 1048626983088 years to maintain the current drinking water systems and replace outdated in-rastructure (EPA 1048626983088983088983097a) In the ace o an already glaring gap in services or low-income

communities and communities o color this looming need threatens to exacerbate the

existing inequities in both access and unding

983123983149983137983148983148 983155983161983155983156983141983149983155 983145983150 983150983141983141983140

Ninety-our percent o water systems in the country are small water systems serving

ewer than 10486271048627983088983088 connections (EPA 1048626983088983088983097c) Small systems generally have higher rates o

health violations and inrastructure costs per person served In 10486269830889830881048629 small systems had




9830971048627 percent o all health violations with one violation per 983096983088 persons served versus one

violation per 10486259830979830941048626983088983092 persons served in very large systems (Imperial 1048625983097983097983097)

According to the Congressional Research Service the ldquoEPA and states have docu-

mented the diffi culties many small systems ace in meetings SDWA [Sae Drinking Water Act] rules and more undamentally in ensuring the quality o their water sup-

plies Major problems include deteriorated inrastructure diseconomies o scale and

limited technical and managerial capacitiesrdquo (eimann 1048626983088983088983094 10486251048629) Because o these bar-

riers small water systems also have three times the per-household inrastructure need o

large systems (EPA 1048625983097983097983097a)

Tese systems have largely ailed to receive the bene1047297ts o ederal environmental

programs established to help drinking water systems comply with health standards

primarily through the Sae Drinking Water State Revolving Fund and to a lesser ex-

tent the Clean Water State Revolving Fund Federal and state grant or low-interestloan programs are extremely hard to obtain because o extensive engineering and re-

porting requirements and ofen small systems ldquoare characterized by narrow or weak

tax bases limited or no access to capital markets lower relative household incomes

and higher per capita needsrdquo (Copeland 10486269830881048625983088 983095) Even when grants and loans can be

obtained the cost o installing and operating a new treatment system may put a large

cost burden on a low-income community because o the small number o people to

share the costs (NDWAC 10486269830889830881048627)

Compounding this lack o resources is the ailure o states to use provisions within the

Sae Drinking Water State Revolving Fund that would assist small communities Te ed-eral government allows states to use up to 1048627983088 percent o capitalization grants to provide

loan subsidies or low-income communities but most states have used only a raction o

this State are also empowered to orgive the principal o a sae drinking water loan but

according to the EPA since 1048625983097983097983094 only 1048625983094 states have done so totaling less than 1048627 percent

o all loan unds awarded (Copeland and iemann 1048626983088983088983096) Also the EPA has ailed to set

aside authorized unds or technical assistance to small systems (iemann 1048626983088983088983097) An-

other study documented the inequitable distribution o the Clean Water State Revolving

Fund or wastewater systems low-income minority communities were statistically less

likely to receive construction grants (Imperial 1048625983097983097983097) Federally recognized tribes whichace chronic drinking water and inrastructure issues are prohibited rom receiving more

than 10486251048629 percent o all available unding under the CWA and SDWA despite the well-

documented need in these areas (EJESC 1048626983088983088983097)

983105983143983154 983145983139983157983148983156983157 983154983141 983137983150983140 983145983150983141983153983157983137983148983145 983156983161

Agriculture is the largest water user in the nation and one o the largest sources o water

contamination (EPA 10486269830889830881048629 chapter 983096 Water and Agriculture) Te western United States

produces the vast majority o the countryrsquos crops but this production would be impos-sible without large-scale water developments that move water rom rivers to armlands




ofen across great distances Te ederal Bureau o Reclamation maintains and operates

publicly unded inrastructure such as aqueducts dams and pumping stations and de-

livers subsidized irrigation water to arms that do not naturally have enough rainall to

sustain production Tese subsidies have enabled and are a critical support or large-scale corporate agriculture (Reisner 10486259830979830971048627) In 1048626983088983088983097 the Associated Press ound that the

Bureau o Reclamation gave out more than $983094983096983095 million in subsidies over two years to

hundreds o armers in Caliornia and Arizona (Burke 1048626983088983088983097) ldquoAlthough water subsidies

originally may have possessed a legitimate social purpose that purpose largely has been

outlived Instead o the intended small amily armers receiving the bene1047297ts much o the

subsidies now go to large growers and corporationsrdquo (Candee 1048625983097983096983097 9830941048629983095ndash9830941048629983096)

Federal water policy supports large-scale agriculture but or the most part agribusi-

nesses are not held responsible or the impacts o their arming practices (Kimbrell 10486269830889830881048626)

Tis includes the impacts on local water resources ranging rom the 1047298ooding o riversto create dams or irrigation to the contamination o streams and drinking water wells

throughout rural areas (Woe1047298e-Erskine 1048626983088983088983095 Duhigg 1048626983088983088983097b) Even though the ederal

government spends billions on water energy and crop subsidies it does not authorize

enough money to help provide sae drinking water to small systems in the same agricul-

tural areas In some areas o Caliornia arms receive ederally subsidized irrigation water

piped rom hundreds o miles away while low-income communities next door cannot

drink their tap water due to agricultural contamination (Scott 10486269830881048625983088)

In studies rom Caliornia to the Great Plains to the southern states the communities

next to highly pro1047297table arming enterprises ofen struggle with high rates o unemploy-ment poverty and a lack o basic water and wastewater services (Carter 10486269830881048625983088 MacCan-

nell 10486259830979830961048627 Preston and Bailey 10486269830889830881048627) In a study o 10486251048627 midwestern agricultural states with

nearly 1048627 million people researchers ound that rural development unding which goes to

projects such as water and wastewater inrastructure was about $10486291048627 per capita whereas

the top 1048626983088 arm subsidy recipients received on average over $1048625 million in ederal pay-

ments (Bailey and Preston 1048626983088983088983095) Tough this is an imperect comparison it provides a

sense o the scale and nature o inequitable ederal subsidies

It is not just ederal subsidies that keep large-scale arming a1047298oat low-wage labor is

also a 1047297xture o industrialized agriculture (Kimbrell 10486269830889830881048626) According to the Occupa-tional Health and Saety Act o 1048625983097983095983088 employers are required to provide proper sani-

tation including drinking water or arm workers in the 1047297elds However many stud-

ies show that arm workers ace a lack o clean sae water in both the 1047297elds where they

work and the housing that is provided and maintained by arm operations (Vela-Acosta

Bigelow and Buchan 10486269830889830881048626) esting o drinking water wells or migrant arm workers

in Colorado ound they contained high rates o nitrates (EPA 1048626983088983088983097b) In Washington

County Oregon which seasonally employs 983096983088983088983088 migrant arm workers 983092983088 percent o

all migrant arm worker housing lacked access to drinking water (McCauley et al 10486269830889830881048625)

In another example almost hal the water supply o migrant arm workers in North Car-olina contained bacterial contamination (Cieslski Handzel and Sobsey 10486259830979830971048625) Federal




water subsidies are thus being provided to companies that cannot or will not provide

basic water and wastewater services or their employees or in their employee housing in

violation o ederal labor laws

Te connections between ederal water and agricultural policy extend rom the Bu-reau o Reclamation to the Department o Agriculture to the powerul lobbying inter-

ests that ensure regular reauthorization o ederal subsidies (Reisner 10486259830979830971048627) Even though

agriculture is a critical piece o local economies and the nationrsquos ood security the larger

environmental and social costs o our current system o industrialized agriculture must be

reconsidered i there is a true commitment to water justice

983105983142983142983151983154983140983137983138 983145983148983145983156 983161

I you donrsquot pay your water bills they cut off your water and donrsquot give you an opportunity to

appeal Ten they transer the bills above $1048625983088983088 to property tax rolls or collection I you canrsquot

pay your house can be oreclosed People lose their homes business and can even lose their

children

mdashMaureen aylor Michigan Welare Rights Organization (qtd in NCLC 983090983088983088983094 )

Afer over 983092983088983088983088983088 amilies had their water shut off in one year the Michigan Welare

Rights Organization launched a campaign to create a citywide plan to ensure affordable

water or Detroitrsquos low-income residents For low-income households affordability is a

question o both the economic burden a water bill places on a resident and whether thatresident is being orced to displace other essential services to provide the basic need o

water Te EPA de1047297nes water ser vice affordability as 10486261048629 percent o Median Household

Income (MHI) As long as water bills do not exceed 10486261048629 percent o MHI water service

is considered affordable However the MHI obscures many o the large discrepancies

in the range o incomes in an area or the geographic distribution o differing incomes

Although on average people can be paying less than 10486261048629 percent o their income on

water bills low-income households may be paying a much higher percentage he

percentage o MHI spent on a water bill also may not encompass all the water-related

costs that a household may bear For example i household members must purchasebottled water because their water is contaminated the actual amount they are paying

is much higher

Te economic crisis that began in 1048626983088983088983097 sharpened the types o affordability issues

that Detroit aced Reports o water shutoffs have become more common as utilities

have been raising rates becoming more aggressive in collecting overdue water bills and

shutting off accounts as their investments have allen due to the recession (Smith 1048626983088983088983096

DePalma 1048626983088983088983095 Can1047297eld 10486269830881048625983088) Utilities in Chicago saw a 983095983088 percent increase in the

number o delinquent water bills in 1048626983088983088983096 and implemented rate increases o 10486251048629 percent

each year or the next three years (Cottrell 1048626983088983088983096) Te rising rate o oreclosures has impacted renters or example in Oakland Caliornia many low-income tenants aced




abrupt utility shutoffs as their landlords aced oreclosure in the wake o massive mort-

gage deaults (Grady 1048626983088983088983096)

Despite the limitations o this measure recent data has shown that the number o

houses whose water and wastewater bills exceeded EPArsquos designated affordability criteriais growing From 10486269830889830881048626 to 1048626983088983088983092 the number o bills or water and wastewater services in

major cities that exceeded the EPArsquos affordability criteria rose rom 1048627 to 983095 percent (Brandt

1048626983088983088983092) Te Congressional Budget Offi ce predicts that between 1048625983088 and 1048626983088 percent o

households may be spending more than 983092 percent o household income on water by 10486269830881048625983097

(CBO 10486269830889830881048626) For more inormation on a community campaign to ensure equitable ac-

cess to affordable water see the case study o Michigan Welare Rights Organization in

chapter 983095 Municipal Water Use

Another indicator o aordability is how much people spend on water as com-

pared to other services or needs In general low-income residents spend a higher per-cent o their household income on water than wealthier residents do (Morello-Frosch

et al 1048626983088983088983097) As many as one in ive households ace diiculties meeting ldquoessential

needsrdquo over the course o a year and the most common diiculty is paying utility bills

(Bauman 10486269830889830881048627)

Tere are no ederal programs to assist low-income residents in covering their water

bill such as the ones that exist or telephone and energy usage It is lef to the discretion

o the utility to create such a program A survey o large utilities ound that only 983096 per-

cent had a subsidy or ldquolielinerdquo rate (Raucher 1048626983088983088983092) Given this lack o a saety net the

rising cost o drinking water is also a rising threat to the water security o low-incomecommunities

983125983154983138983137983150983145983162983137983156983145983151983150 983116983141983143983137983139983145983141983155 983151983142 983140983145983155983139983154983145983149983145983150983137983156983145983151983150 983145983150 983148983137983150983140-983157983155983141 983152983148 983137983150983150983145983150983143

983152983141983154983152983141983156983157983137983156983141 983159983137983156983141983154 983145983150983146983157983155983156983145983139983141983155

When I was a little girl because our wetlands were o good quality we would get all excited to

run out and play urkey Creek had a cultural signi1047297cancemdashwe couldnrsquot use the beaches because

they were segregated We used the creek or 1047297shing and swimming and baptizing But then

development started coming and it ruined the quality o our wetlands and there was 1047298ooding inour streets and homes and churches

mdashRose Johnson urkey Creek resident and activist ( Johnson pers comm 983090983088983089983088)

North Gulport and the neighboring community o urkey Creek Mississippi were

ounded by emancipated slaves Te entire area is a 1047298ood zone and Arican American resi-

dents were relegated to the edges o the wetlands along urkey Creek Residents long used

the creek or recreation as nearby beaches were segregated Te creek slowly became con-

taminated as industries such as DuPont Chemical moved into the area and urban sprawl

devoured the creekrsquos wetlands and increased 1047298ooding in the homes o nearby residents(Ray 1048626983088983088983092) Te wetlands would absorb water and prevent 1047298ooding but as they were




paved over 1047298ooding worsened oday residents are 1047297ghting to create a greenway along

urkey Creek

Urbanizationmdashthe process o urban growthmdashhas led to a drastic increase in the

amount o land covered by impervious suraces such as concrete Tese suraces gen-erate much larger quantities o water running off streets than the nonurbanized land-

scapes they replace Tis runoff picks up the many chemicals and heavy metals that exist

in urban areas including pesticides oil and grease bacteria and trash and is one o the

largest sources o water contamination today (EPA 10486269830881048625983088a) Exacerbating runoff are com-

bined sewage over1047298ows or CSOs which are sewer systems built to carry both sewage

and stormwater in the same pipes Tese systems over1047298ow when there is lots o rain or

snow and discharge directly into nearby water bodies carrying many pollutants that a-

ect health including bacteria viruses and 1047298oating trash (EPA 10486269830889830881048625a)

Widespread water issues with urbanization have been caused in large part by theoverwhelming disconnect between land-use planning policies and water planning As

the Government Accountability Offi ce notes ldquomost states and localities do not compre-

hensively assess the impacts o different land uses on water quality and develop strategies

to mitigate any adverse effectsrdquo (GAO 10486269830889830881048625 983094)

Te disconnect between land-use planning and water management maps onto legacies

o discriminatory planning Land-use planning and zoning practices determine what

land uses are allowed where including residential housing and industrial acility sites

From redlining practices which deliberately excluded people o color rom living in cer-

tain neighborhoods to ederal housing policies that encouraged suburban developmentat the expense o urban city centers land use and zoning decisions have acilitated the

concentration o low-income communities and communities o color in impoverished

areas and near toxic acilities (NAPA 10486269830889830881048627) Ultimately land-use planning and zoning

have ldquosegregated communities along the lines o race and classrdquo and led to ldquothe creation o

an urban underclass that is denied access to mainstream opportunitiesrdquo (Wilson Hutson

and Mujahid 1048626983088983088983096 104862610486251048626)

oday this ldquourban underclassrdquo is ofen especially susceptible to the water-related

problems o urbanization ranging rom over1047298owing CSOs to seasonal 1047298ooding (EJCW

10486269830889830881048629) Case studies rom communities such as urkey Creek West Philadelphia (Spirn10486269830889830881048629) Bayview Hunters Point in San Francisco (EJCW 10486269830889830881048629) Columbia Sloughs in

Portland Oregon (Stroud 1048625983097983097983097) Anacostia River in Washington (Williams 10486269830889830881048625) Gary

Indiana (Hurley 1048625983097983096983096) and Sun Valley in Los Angeles (reePeople 1048626983088983088983097) attest to the

complex ways the low-income communities and communities o color come to live in

areas with high rates o contamination storm and wastewater over1047298ows or increased

risks o 1047298ooding

Most urban runo prevention programs are run at the state level and are voluntary

EPA eorts to regulate national stormwater permitting programs have been slow

and ineective (GAO 1048626983088983088983095) here are ew incentives and resources or local gov-ernments to tackle the issue independently




When cities do take action to address the impacts o urbanization it can have EJ

implications In several cities municipal plans to address CSOs have called or the

construction o large wastewater treatment plants to be located in low-income

communities and communities o color (Lane and Heath 1048626983088983088983097) For more on onecommunityrsquos struggle to ensure an equitable CSO treatment plan please see chapter

1048629 Water Quality

Te combination o discriminatory land-use patterns and the impacts o urbanization

means that water issues in a low-income community or community o color may be easily

overlooked Whereas many o the water-related impacts o urbanization are related to

local planning and permitting decisions it is also local-level planning that has in1047298uenced

the concentration o low-income communities and communities o color into marginal

urban geographies As the EPA takes an increased role in addressing the disconnect be-

tween water and land-use planning policy it must also address the historical and livinglegacies o discrimination that affect communities today

Bearing the Burden Low-income Communities and Communities of Color Pay for

Industrial Development

One o the most important contributions o the EJ movement has been demonstrating

how the costs o pollution that impact low-income communities and communities

o color are not actored into traditional environmental decision making Federal water policies around industrial discharge show how the environmental costs o industrial

development are displaced onto these communities

983107983151983150983156983137983149983145983150983137983156983141983140 983142983145983155983144

Studies rom around the country have shown that many communities o color have

some o the highest rates o 1047297sh consumption ranging rom Native American and

Alaskan Natives to Arican Americans to Latinos to Asian and Asian American popu-

lations (OEHHA 10486269830889830881048625 Corburn 10486269830889830881048626 EHC 10486269830889830881048629 Shilling 1048626983088983088983097 Silka nd Williamset al 1048626983088983088983088 AMAP 1048626983088983088983097) Te EPA has ound low-income communities consume

signi1047297cantly higher amounts o both cooked and uncooked 1047297sh (EPA 10486269830889830881048626) Studies

in Pennsylvania and South Carolina demonstrate that Arican American anglers con-

sume up to our times the amount o 1047297sh as white anglers do (Weintraub and Birn-

baum 1048626983088983088983096) Another study in Indiana ound signi1047297cantly higher daily average 1047297sh

consumption rates among anglers o color versus white anglers (Williams et al 1048626983088983088983088)

In one survey rom Caliorniarsquos SacramentondashSan Joaquin Delta 983096983094 percent o Hmong

women 9830951048629 percent o Cambodian women 1048629983096 percent o Vietnamese and 1048629983095 percent

o Filipino women surveyed ate sport 1047297sh versus 1048627983088 percent o white women (Silveret al 1048626983088983088983095)




Many 1047297sh today are contaminated by pollutants that bioaccumulate in their 1047298esh a-

ter being released into the water Common contaminants include mercury rom historic

gold mining ongoing mercury depositions rom coal plants and chemicals called persis-

tent organic pollutants used in a variety o manuacturing processesTe policy response to 1047297sh contamination has been one o risk avoidance which allo-

cates the responsibility or addressing risks to those who bear the risks (OrsquoNeill 1048626983088983088983095)

Te EPA issues 1047297sh advisories to provide guidance on sae levels o consumption or con-

taminated 1047297sh In areas with high levels o contamination in speci1047297c 1047297sh species they rec-

ommend replacing or reducing consumption Under the CWA all acilities are required

to obtain permits that speciy the quality o water they will discharge this is the National

Pollutant Discharge Elimination System Under the CWArsquos otal Maximum Daily Load

program the EPA can limit the total amount o contaminants in a particular water body

But instead o using these tools to create pollution limits in waterways with documentedsubsistence 1047297shing the EPA ultimately places the burden o protection on low-income

communities communities o color and other 1047297sh consumers (OrsquoNeill 1048626983088983088983095)

Risk avoidance also simply ails at its policy objectives when it comes to low-income

communities and communities o color Many communities have ound that 1047297sh ad-

visories are diffi cult to understand or are not language-appropriate (Silka nd EJCW

10486269830889830881048629) Te 1047297sh advisories are ofen based on recreational angler levels o consumption

rather than subsistence rates (Shilling 1048626983088983088983097)

As the NEJAC explains ldquoFor many communities o color low-income communities

tribes and other indigenous peoples there are no real alternatives to eating and using1047297sh aquatic plants and wildlie For many members o these groups it is entirely imprac-

tical to lsquoswitchrsquo to lsquosubstitutesrsquo when the 1047297sh and other resources on which they rely have

become contaminated Tere are numerous and ofen insurmountable obstacles to seek-

ing alternatives (eg 1047297shing lsquoelsewherersquo throwing back lsquoundesirablersquo species o 1047297sh adopt-

ing different preparation methods or substituting bee chicken or tou)rdquo Te ldquocostrdquo o

widespread 1047297sh contamination caused by private companies and government acilities

thus disproportionately is borne by low-income communities and communities o color

(Gauna OrsquoNeill and Rechtschaffen 10486269830889830881048629)

983116983137983139983147 983151983142 983137983139983139983141983155983155 983156983151 983159983137983156983141983154 983142983151983154 983154983141983139983154983141983137983156983145983151983150983137983148 983151983152983152983151983154983156983157983150983145983156983145983141983155

We all grew up in Chelsea and we didnrsquot realize we had a river You canrsquot see it you canrsquot touch it

there are no viewpointsmdashjust huge industries up and down the waterront We started to

question why are all these industries in Chelsea It became clear to us that it was because we are a

low-income community o color

mdashRoseann Bongiovanni Chelsea Creek Action Group

Chelsea Creek runs into the Boston Harbor through East Boston and Chelsea both

working-class neighborhoods with large immigrant communities An EPA investigation




in partnership with community groups ound that Chelsea and East Boston have signi-

icantly less access to green space than elsewhere in Boston Working with local and na-

tional agencies companies and residents community groups such as the Chelsea Creek

Action Group cleaned up and redeveloped an old industrial site into the Condor StreetUrban Wild Park and they are now working to create an entire Chelsea Riverway or

local residents to access the waterront (NOAH 1048626983088983088983094)

Disparities in distribution o open spaces have been well documented Low-income

communities ofen have less access to open spaces and recreational opportunities than

do more affl uent communities (imperio et al 1048626983088983088983095 Harnick 1048626983088983088983094 Kibel 1048626983088983088983095) In

a report mapping race income and park access in Los Angeles the City Project ound

that the communities that had the worst access to parks were the largely nonwhite

and poor communities o Central and South Los Angeles (Garcia and White 1048626983088983088983094 )

Along many industrialized waterronts the adjacent low-income and predominatelyminority communities are effectively cut off rom the waterront in the low-income

predominately Latino and Arican American industrial shipping area o South Bronx

New York City the Hunts Point area has six miles o waterront and only 1048626983088983088 eet o

waterront recreation access (Sustainable South Bronx 1048626983088983088983096) Research rom around

the country demonstrates that a lack o recreational opportunities translates into in-

creased health problems ranging rom high rates o obesity type II diabetes and other

diseases among low-income communities and communities o color (Wilson Hutson

and Mujahid 1048626983088983088983096)

Natural spaces can promote physical and psychological health (Giles-Corti et al 10486269830889830881048629Garcia and White 1048626983088983088983094) and increasingly EJ activists are working to secure access to

healthy creeks and water-based recreational opportunities as a means o creating positive

changes in their communities (Miller 1048626983088983088983097) Even though many o the patterns o indus-

trial development along waterways trace back to local land-use planning decisions and

ordinances the ederal government can play a proactive role in not only creating strict

CWA permits or industrial acilities and thus limiting pollution but also in identiying

and supporting watershed restoration projects in low-income communities and commu-

nities o color

983109983150983141983154983143983161 983152983154 983151983140983157983139983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983159983137983156983141983154 983145 983150983146983157983155983156983145983139983141983155

Tere was a sludge dam holding nine billion gallons o toxic substances right above where we

lived I also watched the March Fork stream get poisoned three miles above the intake valve or

the town o Sylvester West Virginia I wersquore poisoning our drinking water we have to ask what

kind o people are we

mdashJudy Bonds Coal River Mountain Watch West Virginia (qtd in Smecker 983090983088983088983097 )

Community organizations such as Coal River Mountain Watch and Ohio Valley Envi-

ronmental Coalition have been working to stop the impacts o coal mining in Appalachia








(Leslie 1048626983088983088983096) Large-scale ethanol production proposed as a ldquobio-uelrdquo to reduce ossil

uel dependence has led to a host o water problems and threatened small armers around

the globe (Hauter 1048626983088983088983096) Environmental justice advocates ear proposals such as creating

markets or carbon trading will exacerbate the already existing pollution in low-incomecommunities and communities o color (Shepard and Corbin-Mark 1048626983088983088983097)

With a predicted increase in severe weather events how the ederal government pre-

pares and assists communities afer water-related disasters is a crucial EJ issue ldquoMany

minorities and the poor have had greater diffi culties recovering rom disasters due to

less insurance lower incomes ewer savings more unemployment less access to com-

munication channels and inormation and the intensi1047297cation o existing povertyrdquo

(Pastor et al 1048626983088983088983094 10486261048627) Vulnerability is compounded by disparities in government

disaster preparedness aid relie and recovery Tese range rom the basic ailure to

provide assistance to disaster materials issued in inappropriate languages cultural ste-reotypes and racism in service provision and unequal distribution o disaster relie

and recovery assistance rom local state and national agencies (Heberger et al 1048626983088983088983097

Pastor et al 1048626983088983088983094)

Ultimately or many EJ activists moving orward means moving away rom a depen-

dence on ossil uels Te Environmental Justice Leadership Forum on Climate Change

an alliance o EJ organizations working to impact the development o climate change

policy in the United States calls or ldquoa national goal supported by legislatively dedicated

resources to transition us rom the ossil uel economy to the green clean renewable en-

ergy economy by 10486269830881048626983088rdquo (Shepard and Corbin-Mark 1048626983088983088983097)

Underlying Causes of Water Injustices

Climate change has heightened the sense o urgency to address water injustices However

any potential solutions or both water management issues and climate change will not be

adequate i they ail to address some o the underlying inequalities in ederal water policy

that link the various water injustices outlined in this chapter

983113983150983141983153983157983137983148983145983156983145983141983155 983145983150 983141983150983158 983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983154983141983143983157983148983137983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983141983150983142983151983154983139983141983149983141983150 983156

A driving orce behind much o the EJ movement has been the reality that environmental

regulations are not equitably enorced Biases in government regulation and enorcement

have ailed to ensure that low-income communities and communities o color receive the

same environmental protections that more affl uent white areas do (Bullard 10486269830889830881048625) In an

exhaustive report examining penalties applied by the EPA researchers ound that pen-

alties under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act are up to 1048629983088983088 percent higher in

white communities than in communities o color or comparable violations (Lavelle andCoyle 10486259830979830971048626) For example petroleum re1047297neries along the Mississippi River surrounded




by predominantly Arican American communities tend to receive smaller 1047297nes than re-

1047297neries in white affl uent communities do (Lynch Stretesky and Burns 1048626983088983088983092)

Te CWA is the EPArsquos main tool to keep water bodies ree o pollution yet illegal

wastewater discharges have been routinely identi1047297ed as a problem (Leavitt 1048626983088983088983095) andenorcement o the act in low-income communities and communities o color is not

evenhanded A recent lawsuit by Arican American residents in exas documented con-

sistent pollution o their drinking water by local oil companies despite clean-up efforts

in neighboring white areas (Hoffman 1048626983088983088983095) In Dickinson ennessee a county land1047297ll

is sited in the one Arican American community in the area and the local well water

has been poisoned by leaking hazardous materials Even though city and county offi cials

knew o the contamination they continued permitting land1047297ll operations Additionally

they provided noti1047297cation and treatment to nearby white amilies but not to Arican

American residents (Bullard et al 1048626983088983088983095)Another example is the National Priority List created under the Superund Program

to identiy and clean up sites with hazardous contamination One study demonstrated

that it took 1048626983088 percent longer or Superund sites in low-income communities and com-

munities o color to be listed and that penalties or pollution in white communities were

983092983094 percent higher than in nonwhite communities (Lavelle and Coyle 10486259830979830971048626) Another

showed that the more people o color there are in an area the less likely it is to receive

Superund protection (Anderton Oakes and Egan 1048625983097983097983095 Hird 10486259830979830971048627) Yet another shows

that a 1048625983088 percent higher Native American population lowers the chance o being listed by

a shocking 983096983088 percent and a 1048625983088 percent higher level o poverty decreases listing chancesby 10486271048625 percent (OrsquoNeil 1048626983088983088983095)

An important mechanism at the ederal level or low-income communities and com-

munities o color is 1047297ling complaints with the Offi ce o Civil Rights (OCR) under

itle VI o the Civil Rights Act o 1048625983097983094983092 which prohibits any agency that receives

ederal unding rom discrimination in services (Ringquist and Clark 1048625983097983097983097) A recent

court case however highlights the ailure o the ederal government to respond to

EJ complaints In 10486269830889830881048627 the community group Rosemere Neighborhood Association

based in Vancouver Washington 1047297led a itle VI complaint with the OCR against

the City o Vancouver Washington Rosemere alleged that Vancouver ailed to useEPA unds to address long-standing problems in 1048625983095 low-income and minority neigh-

borhoods including inadequate sewer services and other standard amenities ound in

more affl uent areas

Over the course o six years the organization aced retaliation by the City o Vancouver

and was orced to 1047297le a second civil rights claim Finally in 1048626983088983088983097 the Ninth Court Circuit

o Appeals ound that the OCR had ailed to respond to Rosemerersquos complaints which

ldquobloomed into a consistent pattern o delay by the EPArdquo Te court noted ldquothat Rose-

merersquos experience beore the EPA appears sadly and unortunately typical o those who

appeal to OCR to remedy civil rights violationsrdquo ( Rosemere Neighborhood Association vUnited States En983158ironmental Protection Agency 10486299830961048625 F 1048627d 10486251048625983094983097 983097th Cir 1048626983088983088983097 1048625104862710486291048625983088)




983119983158983141983154983148983151983151983147983145983150983143 983148 983137983154983143983141 983155983151983157983154983139983141983155 983151983142 983139983151983150983156983137983149983145983150983137983156983145983151983150

Efforts to regulate nonpoint source contamination have not effectively addressed the

root causes o the contamination or they overlook large sources For example the wastes rom large animal acilities are technically subject to water-quality permits by

the CWA but these only apply i the acilities discharge into surace waters Tis reg-

ulatory loophole has effectively lef hundreds o thousands o acilities entirely unreg-

ulated (GAO 1048626983088983088983096) Even compliance and enorcement o regulations that do exist

have been acknowledged by the EPA to be insuffi cient as o 1048626983088983088983096 less than one-third

o eligible acilities even had permits (Copeland 10486269830881048625983088) Nonpoint source contami-

nation (originating rom a variety o sources) such as agricultural runoff or animal

eedlots is largely exempt rom CWA regulation (ELI 1048626983088983088983088 see also chapter 1048629 Water

Quality)

Te pork industry came to eastern North Carolina because we are black poor rural and have no

political clout Te arms permitted seepage o waste into groundwater rom their cesspools Te

wells here were constructed over 1048629983088 years earlier Tey were open or all kinds o contamination

mdashGary Grant Executive Director o Concerned Citizens or illery

Te injustices within water management are not simply the result o unequal enorcement

o existing regulations but also are due to a lack o policies or regulations in place that

address the chronic water issues aced by low-income communities and communities o

color Concerned Citizens or illery in North Carolina have been 1047297ghting the industrialhog industry or the past decade Hogs now outnumber residents o the state and hog

arming has been linked to elevated rates o nitrates in nearby wells (Marks 10486269830889830881048625) Afer

partnering or a study with proessors at the University o North Carolina the citizensrsquo

group ound that areas with lower incomes and more Arican American residents had the

highest numbers o hog arms (Wing Cole and Grant 1048626983088983088983088) Subsequent studies ound

similar conditions in the Mississippi hog industry (Wilson et al 10486269830889830881048626)

Agricultural and animal acility runoff can lead to high rates o nitrates in groundwater

(Harter 1048626983088983088983097) Te EPA has a drinking water standard or nitrates but its regulation o nu-

trients in both drinking water and surace water has been ound to be ldquoinadequate at botha statewide and national scalerdquo by State-EPA Nutrient Innovations ask Group (SENIG

1048626983088983088983097) Tis type o gap results in severe health and quality-o-lie risks or residents in

illery and many other communities throughout the United States (Duhigg 1048626983088983088983097b)

983111983154983151983157983150983140983159983137983156983141983154 983152983154983151983156983141983139983156983145983151983150 983137 983143983148983137983154983145983150983143 983143983137983152

Over hal o US residents rely on groundwater or some part o their drinking water

(GWF 1048626983088983088983095) but the quality o groundwater is increasingly ound to be degraded

here are many sources o contamination and the contaminants vary widely across

geographic regions but some o the main sources are a combination o industrial






basic elements o cumulative impacts the ormation o drinking water standards and the

industrial permitting under the CWA (NAPA 10486269830889830881048625) Neither process routinely includes

the wide variety o contaminants that communities may be exposed to or the chemical

interplay these contaminants may have (Gauna OrsquoNeill and Rechtschaffen 10486269830889830881048629) Teyalso overlook the protection o vulnerable populations such as children or pregnant

women even when contaminants are shown to be particularly harmul or these groups

(EJCW 10486269830889830881048629 NEJAC 1048626983088983088983092)

Drinking water standards are set using cost-bene1047297t analyses which attempt to quan-

titatively assess the public health risks associated with a particular contaminant in com-

parison to the overall costs o ully cleaning up or regulating the contaminant (Foster

10486269830889830881048626) As noted earlier low-income communities and communities o color are more

likely to live near polluting acilities but these disparities are not addressed in traditional

cost-bene1047297t analyses Environmental justice and law scholar Sheila Foster points out thatthis type o technical evaluation ldquoviolates most notions o equity and justicerdquo because

ldquomany environmental issues such as siting decisions entail clearly different distributions

o net bene1047297ts and costs (or risks) ofen along lines o geography income political

power and racerdquo (Foster 10486269830889830881048626 983092983094983096)

Teoretically a cost-bene1047297t analysis is an objective means o comparison But the

process or establishing drinking water standards has been beset by industry pressure

Lobbyists have been able to secure less stringent standards by using considerable private

resources to argue that the costs o regulation are too expensive as well as bankrolling

studies to argue that the health threats o a particular contaminant are minimal (Duhigg1048626983088983088983097d Corn 1048626983088983088983097)

Water discharge permits required by the CWA are similarly drated by sta who

use technical methodologies and work with the polluter to create an amenable limit

on discharges rather than working with communities to identiy needed protections

(NAPA 10486269830889830881048625) From an EJ perspective these quantitative methods are a way o

ldquomanaging regulating and distributing risksmdashinstead o protecting public health

and the environment in low income and people o color communitiesrdquo (Bullard et

al 1048626983088983088983095)

983123983157983152983152983151983154983156983145983150983143 983156983144983141 983155983151983139983145983137 983148 983139983157983148983156983157983154983137983148 983137983150983140 983141983150983158 983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983158983137983148983157983141 983151983142 983159983137983156983141983154

Water rights are everything we have in our communities Tey are part o our history and culture

part o our livelihood

mdashJanice Varela New Mexico Acequia Association

Water has value that goes beyond economic production It has cultural spiritual and so-

cial meanings (Donahue and Johnston 1048625983097983097983096) But these values have ew legal or political

protections (Ingram Whiteley and Perry 1048626983088983088983096 Espeland 1048625983097983097983096) particularly in regards

to water rights and increasingly private values have crowded out these public ones For




example the water-sharing customs o acequias which hold water rights communally

rather than privately are integral to identity survival and sense o community in small

rural Latino and Native American towns throughout New Mexico For more on water

rights please see chapter 1048626 Legal and Institutional Framework o Water ManagementMany EJ activists oppose privatization o water services because it threatens to inringe

on this heritage and local water values and uses Privatization commodi1047297es what many

communities eel is a common resource that should be protected or overall public use

(Barlow and Clarke 10486269830889830881048625) Furthermore private takeover o water services has caused a

host o negative impacts in low-income communities and communities o color ranging

rom drastic rate increases and service shutoffs (Snitow Kauman and Fox 1048626983088983088983095 EJCW

10486269830889830881048629) Other types o privatization are emerging throughout the country new ldquowater

marketsrdquo are orming that allow entities with water rights to sell water rom one area

to another (Klein 1048626983088983088983095) New water markets and privatization threaten to exacerbateexisting water injustices as low-income communities and communities o color will not

be able to access these markets (Gibler 10486269830889830881048629) Providing water services to a low-income

rural community will not be pro1047297table

Te ailure to integrate social and cultural values is not solely the result o private in-

volvement Public water agencies have also ofen ailed to protect these aspects o the

public interest While growing privatization o water inrastructure worldwide prompts

questions about justice by directing our attention to issues such as unair allocation and

pricing and limited public access to decision making we also know that historically pol-

icy ailures regarding water equity have as ofen been the result o misguided governmentdecisions to dam rivers divert water and buy and sell water rights in order to better ben-

e1047297t the interests o the rich and powerul (Ingram Feldman and Whiteley 1048626983088983088983096) Te

United Statesrsquo dam-building boom re1047298ects the ways that particular values can get lost in

the calculus o ederal water policy and the need to better incorporate and protect the

social environmental and cultural values o water

Recommendations for Federal Water Policy

Past water policy in the United States has ofen had adverse and inequitable conse-

quences or low-income and communities o color Although strategies to address these

consequences are varied one thing is clear providing communities with a voice in water

policy decisionsmdasha key component in the sof path to water and environmental issues

broadly is central to accepted principles o EJ (EJCW 10486269830889830881048629) Whether it is breaking

down barriers o discrimination that bar certain communities rom basic water services

or incorporating inormation on the cumulative impacts o pollution in a community

or recognizing the cultural value o water the issues aced by low-income communities

and communities o color must be more careully and explicitly integrated into ederal

water policy Te EJ movement has struggled to show agencies and decision makers the




importance o an open and transparent decision-making process (Cole and Foster 10486269830889830881048625

Di Chiro 1048625983097983097983094) In order to begin addressing EJ in ederal water policy we must start by

including the voices o those directly affected by the existing system o water management

Te ollowing policy recommendations offer ways to address the current water injus-tices and in doing so create a more equitable sustainable vision or ederal water policy

983110983157983148983148983161 983145983150983156983141983143983154983137983156983141 983141983150983158983145983154 983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983146983157983155983156983145983139983141 983152983154983145983150983139983145983152983148983141983155 983145983150983156983151 983142983141983140983141983154983137 983148

983159983137983156983141983154-983154983141983148983137983156983141983140 983152983154983151983143983154983137983149 983155 983137983150 983140 983152983151 983148983145983139983145 983141983155

Many ederal agencies including the Environmental Protection Agency and Department

o the Interior already have the statutory ability to address the concerns raised by EJ com-

munities in permitting project review and construction and 1047297nancing activities related

to water Tere are guidance documents through the work o NEJAC and other effortso the Offi ce o Environmental Justice

A more serious effort must be made to ully integrate EJ into ederal water policy

using the benchmarks o measurable progress in eliminating disproportionate impacts

in low-income communities and communities o color as well as implementing a clear

system o evaluation and accountability based on demonstrable results in a speci1047297ed

time rame Some o the key elements o such an effort to integrate EJ into ederal water

policy include staff positions charged with EJ assessments For instance ederal agency

staff should assess the disproportionate impacts o any proposed project policy or per-

mit ranging rom CWA National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System permits toBureau o Reclamation dam operations In addition methods should be developed to

incorporate noneconomic water uses such as social and cultural activities into proposed

projects policies or permits Finally the ederal government should reorm water quality

permits and programs such as the Underground Injection Control and the otal Max-

imum Daily Load programs to be based on numeric standard that are protective o the

most sensitive populations

983123983141983156 983152983154983145983151983154983145 983156983145983141983155 983142983151983154 983137983140983140983154983141983155983155983145983150983143 983159983137983156983141983154-983154983141983148983137983156983141983140 983141983150983158 983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983146983157983155983156983145983139983141 983145983155 983155983157983141983155

Addressing EJ in ederal water policy requires not only revising programs to include EJ

principles moving orward but also recognizing and proactively addressing current water

injustices Federal agencies with water management authority should ensure that their

programs identiy communities acing disproportionate water impacts and create con-

crete action plans within de1047297ned goals and time rames to address issues Clean-up and

remediation priorities should be based on disproportionate impacts to low-income com-

munities and communities o color within programs such as the Resource Conservation

and Recovery Act or Superund remediation Finally when working with communitygroups to develop solutions to longstanding EJ and water issues the technical expertise




o ederal agencies (National Fish and Wildlie Services Army Corps and others) should

be used Tese projects should use a collaborative community-based ramework to iden-

tiy and implement needed actions

983107983151983148983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983141 983159983145983156983144 983155983156983137983156983141 983137983150983140 983148983151983139983137983148 983143983151983158983141983154983150983149983141983150983156983155 983156983151 983137983140983140983154983141983155983155

983159983137983156983141983154-983154983141983148983137983156983141983140 983141983150 983158983145983154 983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983146983157983155983156983145983139983141 983145983155 983155983157983141983155

Given the local nature o both EJ issues and water management and the delegation

o authority to state agencies implementing ederal water legislation ederal agencies

must participate in related state processes to ensure EJ is adequately addressed his

can include but is not limited to providing leadership in working with state and

local governments as well as other stakeholders to identiy and prioritize issues o

water and EJ concern in a speciied region and coordinating with state and localgovernments to ensure implementation o an enhanced standard public participa-

tion process

983125983155983141 983139983157983149983157983148983137983156983145983158983141 983145983149983152983137983139983156 983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156983155 983145983150 983159983137983156983141983154 983152983154983151983146983141983139983156

983152983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983137983150983140 983152983141983154 983149983145983156983156983145983150983143 983139983151983150983155983145983140983141983154983137983156983145983151983150983155

For any piece o ederal water policy to effectively integrate EJ principles it must use a

cumulative risk and impact model in decision making Te EPA has created a Frame-

work or Cumulative Risk Assessment and NEJAC has issued guidance on how to most

effectively implement such a ramework Efforts should be undertaken within all ederal

agencies with water authority to implement the ramework and NEJAC recommen-

dations Tis would include incorporating social economic cultural and community

health actors particularly those involving vulnerability into the EPArsquos and other water-

related agenciesrsquo decision-making processes assessing diverse types o discharges a a-

cility emits and emissions rom other adjacent polluters in permitting decisions using

diverse sources o inormation and expertise including that o communities that stand

to be directly affected by the proposed project program or permit and ocusing on

community-based approaches particularly community-based participatory research andintervention

983117983137983147983141 983159983137983156983141983154 983152983151983148983145983139983161 983137983150983140 983143983151983158983141983154983150983137983150983139983141 983140983141983139983145983155983145983151983150983155 983137983150983140 983152983151983148983145983139983145983141983155 983149983151983154983141

983137983139983139 983141983155983155983145983138983148983141 983137983150983140 983154983141983155983152983151983150983155983145 983158983141 983156983151 983139983151983149983149983157983150983145983156983161 983150983141983141983140983155

NEJAC has produced many guiding documents on how to ensure adequate and mean-

ingul public participation including the Model Plan or Public Participation Te

EPA Department o Interior Department o Agriculture Army Corps and other

agencies that are involved in water policy should ensure the core values expressed within the model plan strategies are part o their water-related activities and take




proactive steps to ensure meaningul public participation including providing doc-

umentation in languages other than English in areas where more than 1048625983088 percent o

the impacted community speaks a language other than English acilitating ongoing

opportunities or direct interaction between agency heads and communities allocat-ing unding or staff positions trained and dedicated to community outreach and a-

cilitating collaborations and choosing arrangements or community interactions to

maximize effective participation assessing actors such as meeting times locations

and translation needs

983120983154983151983158983145983140983141 983154983141983155983151983157983154983139983141983155 983142983151983154 983139983151983149983149983157983150983145983156 983161-983138983137983155983141983140 983151983154983143983137983150983145983162983137983156983145983151983150983155 983156983151 983137983140983140983154983141983155983155

983159983137983156983141983154 983145983155 983155983157983141983155 983137983150983140 983142983137983139983145983148 983145983156983137983156983141 983152983157983138983148983145983139 983152983137983154983156983145 983139983145983152983137983156983145983151983150

Organizations in low-income communities and communities o color ofen lack theresources or capacity to effectively resolve ongoing water issues Community-based

organizations and technical assistance providers can play a central role in ensuring

meaningul involvement o affected community residents in environmental decision

making and resolving community-based issuesconcerns Federal agencies such as the

EPA Department o Agriculture and Army Corps should build relationships and col-

laborate with community-based organizations to help bridge community needs and

agency efforts to resolve water issues

983109983155983156983137983138983148983145983155983144 983137 983150 983145983150983156983141983154 983137983143983141983150983139983161 983143983154983151983157983150983140983159983137983156983141983154 983152983154983151983156983141983139983156983145983151983150 983137 983150983140 983151983158983141983154 983155983145983143983144983156

983152983154983151983143983154983137983149

Groundwater management and clean-up is currently dispersed among a variety o

ederal laws and legislation ranging rom administration o the Underground Injec-

tion Control program within EPArsquos Offi ce o Ground Water and Drinking Water to

guidelines within the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act or disposal o haz-

ardous waste near groundwater aquiers Tis ragmented approach does not provide

a comprehensive strategy or protection and management o groundwater Steps to

implement a comprehensive strategy or protection include improving data collectionand assessment o threats and existing conditions within aquiers providing support

or interagency and state efforts to protect and manage groundwater identiying crit-

ical EJ and groundwater issues and allocating suffi cient unding to ensure program

maintenance

983113983149983152983148983141983149983141983150983156 983150983141983159 983142983141983141983155 983137983150983140 983155983156983154983145983139983156983141983154 983142983145983150983141983155 983151983150 983140983145983155983139983144983137983154983143983141983154983155 983157983150983140983141983154 983156983144983141

983107983148983141983137 983150 983127983137983156983141983154 983105983139983156

Te noneconomic costs o water discharges ranging rom the contamination o 1047297sh tothe contamination o local water bodies are ofen borne by low-income communities




and communities o color Te EPA should use its statutory authority to 1047297ne dischargers

that violate National Pollutant Discharge Elimination permits and work with state-

delegated authorities to ensure state agencies also use their statutory authority to strictly

enorce permit violations Such 1047297nes can provide unding or water needs and deteruture pollution

983122983141983139983151983143983150983145983162983141 983156983144983141 983112983157983149983137983150 983122983145983143983144983156 983156983151 983127983137983156983141983154

Te US Congress should pass legislation recognizing the human right to water as rec-

ognized by the UN Human Rights Council in September 10486269830881048625983088 Such legislation can lay

the groundwork or a new ethic underlying water management across ederal agencies

and create an imperative or all ederal government agencies to prioritize the provision o

basic water resources or all Americans

983105983140983140983154983141983155983155 983139983154983145983156983145983139983137 983148 983141983150 983158983145983154 983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983146983157 983155983156983145983139983141 983145983155 983155983157983141983155 983159983145 983156983144 983137983152 983152983154 983151983152983154983145 983137983156983141

983142983141983140983141983154983137983148 983159983137983156983141983154 983142983157983150983140983145983150983143

Addressing long-standing water injustices will require ederal 1047297nancial support Pro-

grams such as the Clean Water State Revolving Fund the Sae Drinking Water Revolving

Fund and the Department o Agriculturersquos Rural Loan and Grant program should be

required to prioritize unding and expand current programs speci1047297cally or low-income

communities and communities o color to und critical water supply water quality and wastewater projects Tis can be accomplished through expanding existing set-asides ded-

icated to small and low-income communities creating EJ prerequisites within programs

that currently lack such standards and reducing local match requirements or grants or

small-system or low-income water projects

A second aspect to equitable ederal unding is ensuring that both direct grant and

loan programs and subsidy programs are not worsening water injustices Tis requires

an assessment o ederal subsidy programs and identi1047297cation o communities eligible or

subsidies Entities receiving ederal unding should be required to demonstrate collabora-

tion with affected communities and ongoing efforts to address disproportionate impactsin order to continue receiving unding Tis would apply to programs to both grant and

loan programs such as Department o Agriculturersquos Environmental Quality Incentives

Program State Revolving Funds but also Bureau o Reclamation agricultural water de-

livery programs such as Caliorniarsquos Central Valley Project




983108983145983154983141983139983156 983142983141983140983141983154 983137983148 983159983137983156983141983154-983154983141983148983137983156983141983140 983139983148983145983149983137983156983141 983139983144983137983150983143983141 983137 983140983137983152983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140

983149983145983156983145983143983137983156983145983151983150 983152983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983152983154983151983139983141983155983155983141983155 983156983151 983145983140983141983150983156983145983142983161 983137983150983140 983152983154 983151983156983141983139983156 983158983157983148983150983141983154983137983138983148983141

983139983151983149983149983157983150983145983156983145983141983155

Federal water policy must include efforts to reduce the rapidly growing risks o climate

change or water resources and developed water systems Tis includes broad efforts at all

ederally owned or operated inrastructure with special attention to inequitable or dispro-

portionately large impacts on vulnerable populations Tis includes assessing water- and

climate-related risks in EJ communities particularly those risks related to 1047298ooding water

scarcity quality threats and sea-level rise and developing adaptation plans with those com-

munities

ReferencesAnderson M 1048626983088983088983096 ldquoCities Inside Out Race Poverty and Exclusion at the Urban Fringerdquo UCLA

Law Review 10486291048629 10486259830889830971048629ndash10486251048625983094983088

Anderton D L J M Oakes and K L Egan 1048625983097983097983095 ldquoEnvironmental Equity in Superundrdquo Eval-

uation Review 10486261048625 (1048625) 1048627ndash1048626983094

Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme 1048626983088983088983097 AMAP Assessment 983090983088983088983097 Human Health

in the Arctic Oslo Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme

Ashley J S and Z A Smith 10486269830889830881048625 ldquoWestern Groundwater Warsrdquo Forum or Applied Research

and Public Policy 1048625983094 (1048625) 10486271048627-1048627983097

Bailey J M and K Preston 1048626983088983088983095 Swept Away Chronic Hardship and Fresh Promise on the Rural

Great Plains Lyons NE Center or Rural AffairsBarlow M and Clarke 10486269830889830881048626 Blue Gold Te Fight to Stop the Corporate Tef o the Worldrsquos

Water New York Te New Press

Bauman K J 10486269830889830881048627 Extended Measures o Well-Being Living Conditions in the United States

983089983097983097983096 Washington DC US Census Bureau

Brandt P 1048626983088983088983092ldquoOverview o Affordability Programsrdquo USEPA Environmental Financial Advi-

sory Board Affordability Workshop San Francisco August 1048625983096 1048626983088983088983092

Brulle R J and D N Pellow 1048626983088983088983094 ldquoEnvironmental Justice Human Health and Environmental

Inequalitiesrdquo Annual Review o Public Health 1048627 (1048626983095) 1048625

Bullard R D 10486269830889830881048625 ldquoEnvironmental Justice in the 10486261048625st Century Race Still Mattersrdquo Phylon 983092983097

104862510486291048625ndash10486259830951048625Bullard R D P Mohai R Saha and B Wright 1048626983088983088983095 oxic Waste and Race at wenty 983089983097983096983095ndash

983090983088983088983095 Cleveland OH Te United Church o Christ

Bullard R D and B Wright 1048626983088983088983097 ldquoRace Place and the Environment in Post-Katrina New

Orleansrdquo In Race Place and En983158ironmental Justice afer Hurricane Katrina Struggles to

Reclaim Rebuild and Revitalize New Orleans and the Gul Coast Edited by R D Bullard and

B Wright 1048625983097ndash983092983096 Philadelphia Westview Press

Burke G 1048626983088983088983097 Large Subsides to Corporate Farms in West Depleting Vital Water Supplies Te

Arizona Daily Star April 10486251048629




Caliornia Energy Commission (CEC) 10486269830889830881048629 983090983088983088983093 Integrated Energy Policy Report Report

CEC-1048625983088983088-10486269830889830881048629-983088983088983095 Sacramento Caliornia Energy Commission httpwwwenergyca

gov10486269830889830881048629publicationsCEC-1048625983088983088-10486269830889830881048629-983088983088983095CEC-1048625983088983088-10486269830889830881048629-983088983088983095-CMFPDF

Candee H 1048625983097983096983097 ldquoTe Broken Promise o Reclamation Reormrdquo Hastings Law Journal 983092983088 9830941048629983095ndash9830949830961048629

Can1047297eld C 10486269830881048625983088 ldquoWater Bills Go up in down Economy as Usage Dropsrdquo Inside Bay Area April 983092

Carter L G 10486269830881048625983088 ldquoReaping Riches in a Wretched Region Subsidized Industrial Farming and Its

Link to Perpetual Povertyrdquo Golden Gate University o En983158ironmental Law Journal 1048627 (1048625) 1048629ndash9830921048625

Cieselski S Handzel and M Sobsey 10486259830979830971048625 ldquoTe Microbiologic Quality o Drinking Water in

North Carolina Migrant Labor Campsrdquo American Journal o Public Health 9830961048625 9830959830941048626

Clean Air ask Force and Te Land and Water Fund o the Rockies 10486269830889830881048627 Te Last Straw Water

Use By Power Plants in the Arid West Hewlett Foundation Energy Series San Francisco and

Menlo Park Te Energy Foundation and Te Hewlett Foundation

Cody B A and N Carter 1048626983088983088983097 983091983093 Years o Water Policy Te 983089983097983095983091 National Water Commission and Present Challenges Washington DC Congressional Research Service

Cole L W and S R Foster 10486269830889830881048625 From the Ground Up En983158ironmental Racism and the Rise o

the En983158ironmental Justice Mo983158ement New York New York University Press

Committee on Environmental Justice Institute o Medicine 1048625983097983097983097 oward En983158ironmental Jus-

tice Research Education and Health Policy Needs Washington DC National Academy Press

Congressional Budget Offi ce (CBO) 10486269830889830881048626 Future In983158estment in Drinking Water and Wastewa-

ter Inastructure Washington DC Te Congress o the United States

Copeland C 10486269830881048625983088 Water 1048657uality Issues in the 983089983089983089th Congress Oversight and Implementation

CRS Report R983092983088983088983097983096 Washington DC Congressional Research Service

Copeland C and M iemann 1048626983088983088983096 Water Inastructure Needs and In983158estment Review and Analysis o Key Issues CRS Report RL1048627104862510486251048625983094 Washington DC Congressional Research Service

Corburn J 10486269830889830881048626 ldquoCombining Community-Based Research and Local Knowledge to Conront

Asthma and Subsistence-Fishing Hazards in GreenpointWilliamsburg Brooklyn New

Yorkrdquo En983158ironmental Health Perspectives 10486251048625983088 (Suppl 1048626) 10486269830921048625ndash1048626983092983096

Corn D 1048626983088983088983097 Rocket (Fuel) Man Mother Jones February 10486251048627 httpmotherjonescom

politics10486269830889830889830979830881048626rocket-uel-man

Cottrell M 1048626983088983088983096 ldquoCity Sees Sharp Rise in Unpaid Water Billsrdquo Chi-own Daily News

September 983096

Cutter S 1048626983088983088983094 ldquoTe Geography o Social Vulnerability Race Class and Catastropherdquo In

Understanding Katrina Perspectives om the Social Sciences Edited by D A Farber and J Chen 10486251048626983088ndash104862510486261048626 New York Aspen Publishers

DePalma A 1048626983088983088983095 ldquoCity Keeping Water Rate From Risingrdquo New York imes December 983095

DeSimone L A P A Hamilton and R J Gilliom 1048626983088983088983097 1048657uality o Water om Domestic Wells

in Principal Aquiers o the United States 983089983097983097983089ndash983090983088983088983092 ndash Overview o Major Findings USGS

Circular 1048625104862710486271048626 Reston VA US Geological Survey

Di Chiro G 1048625983097983097983094 ldquoNature as Community Te Convergence o Environment and Social

Justicerdquo In Uncommon Ground Rethinking the Human Place in Nature Edited by W Cronon

1048626983097983096ndash10486271048626983088 New York W W Norton




Donahue J M and B R Johnston 1048625983097983097983096 ldquoConclusionrdquo In Water Culture amp Power Local Strug-

gles in a Global Context Edited by J M Donahue and B R Johnston 10486271048627983097ndash1048627983092983094 Washington

DC Island Press

Duhigg C 1048626983088983088983097a ldquoCleansing the Air at the Expense o Waterwaysrdquo New York imes October 10486251048626mdashmdashmdash 1048626983088983088983097b ldquoHealth Ills Abound as Farm Runoff Fouls Wellsrdquo New York imes September 1048625983095

mdashmdashmdash 1048626983088983088983097c ldquoMillions in US Drink Dirty Water Records Showrdquo New York imes December 983095

mdashmdashmdash 1048626983088983088983097de ldquoTat ap Water Is Legal But May Be Unhealthyrdquo New York imes December 1048625983095

Duncan B 10486269830881048625983088 ldquoFlammable Drinking Water Why Gas Drilling in New York and Nearby

States Could Become an Environmental Catastropherdquo AlterNet April 10486261048625 httpwwwalternet

orgstory10486259830929830941048629983092983088

Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) 10486269830889830881048626 Water amp Sustainability (Volume 983091) US Water

Consumption or Power ProductionmdashTe Next Hal Century Report 1048625983088983088983094983095983096983094 Palo Alto Elec-

tric Power Research Institute

Environmental Health Coalition (EHC) 10486269830889830881048629 Survey o Fishers on Piers in San Diego Bay Results and Conclusions National City CA Environmental Health Coalition http

wwwenvironmental heal thorgEHC_Misc_ArchiveCB CPierFishersSur veyRepor t

htm

Environmental Justice Coalition or Water (EJCW ) 10486269830889830881048629 Tirsty or Justice A Peoplersquos Blueprint

or Caliornia Water Oakland Environmental Justice Coalition or Water

Environmental Justice Executive Steering Committee (EJESC) 1048626983088983088983097 ldquoEnvironmental Justice at

EPAmdashransition Paperrdquo Environmental Justice Executive Steering Committee Washington

DC httpenvironmentaljusticeblogblogspotcom10486269830889830889830979830881048626environmental-justice-at-epa-

transitionhtml

Environmental Law Institute (ELI) 1048626983088983088983088 Putting the Pieces ogether State Nonpoint Source En- orceable Mechanisms in Context Washington DC Environmental Law Institute

Espeland W N 1048625983097983097983096 Te Struggle or Water Politics Rationality and Identity in the American

Southwest Chicago University o Chicago Press

Evans G W and E Kantrowitz 10486269830889830881048626 ldquoSocioeconomic Status and Health Te Potential Role o

Environmental Risk Exposurerdquo Annual Review o Public Health 10486261048627 10486279830881048627ndash104862710486271048625

Federal Reserve Bank o Dallas (FRBD) nd ldquoexas Colonias A Tumbnail Sketch o the Con-

ditions Issues Challenges and Opportunitiesrdquo Federal Reserve Bank o Dallas Accessed

August 1048626 1048626983088983088983097 httpwwwdallasedorgcapubscoloniashtml

Feeley J Duda L Green R Kleinmann J Murphy Ackman and J Hoffman 10486269830889830881048629

Addressing the Critical Links Between Fossil Energy and Water Washington DC Departmento EnergyOffi ce o Fossil Energyrsquos Water-Related Research Development and Demonstra-

tion Programs

Food and Agriculture Organization o the United Nations (FAO) 1048626983088983088983096 Climate Change Adap-

tation and Mitigation in the Food and Agriculture Sector echnical Background Document

rom the Expert Consultation held on 1048629 to 983095 March 1048626983088983088983096 Rome United Nations

Foster S 10486269830889830881048626 ldquoEnvironmental Justice in an Era o Devolved Collaborationrdquo Harvard En983158iron-

mental Law Review 1048626983094 9830921048629983097ndash983092983097983096

Fougegraveres D 1048626983088983088983095 ldquoClimate Change Environmental Justice and Human Rights in Calior-

niarsquos Central Valley A Case Studyrdquo Center or International Environmental Law Washing-

ton DC httpwwwcielorgPublicationsClimateCaseStudy_CentralValleyCA_Nov983088983095 pd




Fricker R D and N W Hengartner 10486269830889830881048625 ldquoEnvironmental Equity and the Distribution o oxic

Release Inventory and Other Environmentally Undesirable Sites in Metropolitan New York

Cityrdquo En983158ironmental and Ecological Statistics 983096 10486271048627ndash10486291048626

Garciacutea R and A White 1048626983088983088983094 Healthy Park Schools and Communities Mapping Green Access and Equity or the Los Angeles Region Los Angeles Te City Project

Gasteyer S and R Vaswani 1048626983088983088983092 Still Living without the Basics in the 983090983089st Century Ana-

lyzing the Availability o Water and Sanitation Services in the United States Washington DC

Rural Community Assistance Partnership

Gauna E C A OrsquoNeill and C Rechtschaffen 10486269830889830881048629 En983158ironmental Justice A Center or Pro-

gressive Regulation White Paper CPR White Paper 10486299830881048629 Washington DC Center or Progres-

sive Reorm httpwwwprogressivereormorgwhitePaperscm

Gee G C and D C Payne-Sturges 1048626983088983088983092 ldquoEnvironmental Health Disparities A Framework

Integrating Psychosocial and Environmental Conceptsrdquo En983158ironmental Health Perspectives 104862510486251048626

(1048625983095) 10486259830949830921048629ndash104862598309410486291048627George L J Pinder and Singleton 1048626983088983088983092 Race Place and Housing Housing Conditions in

Rural Minority Counties Washington DC Housing Assistance Council

Gibler J 10486269830889830881048629 Water or People and Place Mo983158ing Beyond Markets in Caliornia Water Policy

Oakland Public Citizen

Giles-Corti Billie M H Broomhall M Knuiman C Collins K Douglas K Ng A Lange et

al 10486269830889830881048629 Increasing Walking How Important Is Distance to Attractiveness and Size o Public

Open Spacerdquo American Journal o Preventive Medicine 1048626983096 (1048626S1048626) 1048625983094983097ndash1048625983095983094

Gleick P 1048626983088983088983097 ldquoestimony o Dr Peter H Gleick beore the United States Senate Committee

on Energy and Natural Resources on the Energy and Water Integration Act o 1048626983088983088983097rdquo Paci1047297c

Institute httppacinstorgpublicationstestimonyGrady B1048626983088983088983096 ldquoForeclosed Property Renters Wonrsquot Lose Waterrdquo Oakland ribune February 1048626983095

Ground Water Protection Council 1048626983088983088983094a Ground Water Report to the Nation A Call o Action

Oklahoma City Ground Water Protection Council

mdashmdashmdash1048626983088983088983094b Ground Water and Underground Injection Control Oklahoma City Ground

Water Protection Council

Ground Water ask Force (GWF) 1048626983088983088983095 Recommendations om the EPA Ground Water ask

Force EPA 1048629983088983088-R-983088983095-9830889830881048625 Washington DC US Environmental Protection Agency

Harnik P 1048626983088983088983094 Te Excellent City Park System What Makes It Great and How to Get Tere San

Francisco CA Te rust or Public Land

Harter 1048626983088983088983097 ldquoAgricultural Impacts on Groundwater Nitraterdquo Southwest Hydrology 983096 (983092)10486261048626ndash10486261048627 10486271048629

Hauter W 1048626983088983088983096 ldquoAgriculturersquos Big Tirst How o Change the Way We Grow Our Foodrdquo In

Water Consciousness How We All Have o Change o Protect Our Most Critical Resource

Edited by Lohan chap 983094 San Francisco CA AlterNet Books

Heberger M H Cooley P Herrera P Gleick and E Moore 1048626983088983088983097 Te Impacts o Sea-Level Rise

on the Caliornia Coast Oakland Caliornia Climate Change Center

Hird J A 10486259830979830971048627 ldquoEnvironmental Policy and Equity Te Case o Superundrdquo Journal o Policy

Analysis and Management 10486251048626 (1048626) 104862710486261048627ndash10486279830921048627

Hoffman D 1048626983088983088983095 ldquoUnder Pressure rom Citizens EPA to Provide Water or Oil and Gas-pol-

luted Rural Communityrdquo Sierra Club press release httptexassierracluborgpressnewsre-leases104862698308898308898309598308898309410486251048629aspAID=10486269830889830889830959830889830941048625983092BREAKINGNEWS98309598308898309410486259830929830889830941048626






Messner M S Shaw S Regli K Rotert V Blank and J Soller 1048626983088983088983094 ldquoAn Approach or Devel-

oping a National Estimate o Waterborne Disease due to Drinking Water and a National Esti-

mate Model Applicationrdquo Journal o Water and Health 983092 (Suppl 1048626) 10486269830881048625ndash1048626983092983088

Miller J 1048626983088983088983097 ldquoRebooting Urban Watershedsrdquo High Country News June 1048625 httpwwwhcnorgissues98309210486251048625983088rebooting-the-urban-watershed-movement

Moore E and E Matalon 104862698308810486251048625 Te Human Costs o Nitrate-Contaminated Drinking Water in

the San Joaquin Valley Oakland CA Paci1047297c Institute

Morello-Frosch R M Pastor J Sadd and S B Shonkoff 1048626983088983088983097 Te Climate Gap Inequalities in

How Climate Change Hurts Americans amp How to Close the Gap Los Angeles USC Program

or Environmental and Regional Equity

National Academy o Public Administration (NAPA) 10486269830889830881048625 En983158ironmental Justice in EPA Per-

mitting Reducing Pollution in High-Risk Communities Is Integral to the Agencyrsquos Mission

Washington DC National Academy o Public Administration

mdashmdashmdash10486269830889830881048627 Addressing Community Concerns How En983158ironmental Justice Relates to Land Use Planning and Zoning Washington DC National Academy o Public Administration

National Consumer Law Center Consumer Federation o America US Public Interest Research

Groups and Consumers Union (NCLC) 1048626983088983088983094 ldquoConsumer Groups Comments to EPArsquos Pro-

posed Revisions to the Existing National-Level Affordability Methodology or Small Drinking

Water Systems Variancesrdquo Docket ID No OW-10486269830889830881048629-9830889830889830881048629

National Drinking Water Advisory Council (NDWAC) 10486269830889830881048627 ldquoRecommendations o the Na-

tional Drinking Water Advisory Council to US EPA on Its National Small Systems Afford-

ability Criteriardquo Offi ce o Water US Environmental Protection Agency httpwwwepagov

ogwdwndwacpdsreport_ndwac_affordabilitywg_1047297nal_983088983096-983088983096-9830881048627pd

National Environmental Justice Advisory Committee Cumulative Risks and Impacts Group(NEJAC) 1048626983088983088983092 Ensuring Risk Reduction in Communities with Multiple Stressors En983158ironmental

Justice and Cumulative RisksImpacts Washington DC US Environmental Protection Agency

Neighborhood o Affordable Housing (NOAH) 1048626983088983088983094 ldquoChelsea Creek Action Grouprdquo Neigh-

borhood o Affordable Housing httpwwwnoahcdcorgcbeccrphtml

Offi ce o Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA) 10486269830889830881048625 Chemicals in Fish Con-

sumption o Fish and Shell1047297sh in Caliornia and the United States Oakland CA Caliornia

Environmental Protection Agency

Offi ce o Inspector General (OIG) (1048626983088983088983094) EPA Needs to Conduct En983158ironmental Justice Reviews

o Its Programs Policies and Activities Report No 1048626983088983088983094-P-9830889830889830881048627983092 Washington DC US Envi-

ronmental Protection AgencyOrsquoNeil S G 1048626983088983088983095 ldquoSuperund Evaluating the Impact o Executive Order 10486251048626983096983097983096rdquo En983158ironmental

Health Perspectives 104862510486251048629 (983092) 1048625983088983096983095ndash10486259830889830971048627

OrsquoNeill C 1048626983088983088983095 ldquoNo Mud Pies Risk Avoidance as Risk Regulationrdquo Vermont Law Review 10486271048625

10486269830951048627ndash10486271048629983092

Parnell A M A M Joyner C J Christman and D P Marsh 1048626983088983088983092 Te Persistence o Political

Segregation Racial Underbounding in North Carolina Mebane NC Cedar Grove Institute

or Sustainable Communities

Pastor M R D Bullard J K Boyce A Fothergill R Morello-Frosch and B Wright 1048626983088983088983094 In

the Water o the Storm En983158ironment Disaster and Race afer Katrina New York Russell Sage

Foundation




Peoplersquos Water Board 1048626983088983088983097 ldquoPeoplersquos Water Board Missionrdquo Peoplersquos Water Board http

peopleswaterboardblogspotcom1048626983088983088983097983088983094peoples-water-board-missionhtml

Pinderhughes R 1048625983097983097983094 ldquoTe Impact o Race on Environmental Quality An Empirical and Te-

oretical Discussionrdquo Sociological Perspectives 1048627983097 (1048626) 104862610486271048625ndash1048626983092983096Preston M and A Bailey 10486269830889830881048627 ldquoTe Potential or High-perormance Design Adoption in

Retail Property Portoliosrdquo Corporate Social Responsibility and En983158ironmental Management 1048625983088

(1048627) 10486259830941048629ndash1048625983095983092

Pye V I and R Patrick 10486259830979830961048627 ldquoGround Water Contamination in the United Statesrdquo Science 104862610486261048625

(98309298309410486251048626) 98309510486251048627ndash9830951048625983096

Quintero-Somaini A and M Quirindongo 1048626983088983088983092 Hidden Danger En983158ironmental Health

Treats in the Latino Community New York Natural Resource Deense Council

Raucher R 1048626983088983088983092 ldquoAffordability o Water Service What Does It Mean How Is It Measured

Why Does It Matterrdquo Paper presented at USEPA Environmental Financial Advisory Board

Affordability Workshop San Francisco August 1048625983096 1048626983088983088983092Ray J 1048626983088983088983092 ldquoDelta Deender Stopping Developers with an lsquoArican Drumbeatrsquordquo Sierra Maga-

zine httpwwwsierracluborgsierra10486269830889830889830929830881048629pro1047297le_printableasp

Reisner M 10486259830979830971048627 Cadillac Desert Te American West and Its Disappearing Water New York

Penguin Books

Ringquist E J 10486269830889830881048629 ldquoAssessing Evidence o Environmental Inequities A Meta-Analysisrdquo Journal

o Policy Analysis and Management 1048626983092 (1048626) 104862610486261048627ndash1048626983092983095

Ringquist E J and D H Clark 1048625983097983097983097 ldquoLocal Risks Statesrsquo Rights and Federal Mandates Rem-

edying Environmental Inequities in the US Federal Systemrdquo Publius 1048626983097 (1048626) 9830951048627ndash9830971048627

Rowan G and C Fridgen 10486269830889830881048627 ldquoBrown1047297elds and Environmental Justice Te Treats and

Challenges o Contaminationrdquo En983158ironmental Practice 1048629 1048629983096ndash9830941048625Rubin S J 10486269830889830881048625 Economic Characteristics o Small Systems Rural Water Partnership Fund White

Paper Duncan OK National Rural Water Association

Scott J 10486269830881048625983088 ldquoNitrate Contamination Spreading in Caliornia Communitiesrdquo Caliornia Watch

May 10486251048627 httpcaliorniawatchorgnitrate-contamination-spreading-caliornia-communities

Shepard P M and C Corbin-Mark 1048626983088983088983097 ldquoClimate Justicerdquo En983158ironmental Justice 1048626 (983092) 1048625ndash983092

Shilling F M 1048626983088983088983097 ldquoFishing or Justice or Just Fishingrdquo Ecology Law Currents 1048627983094 10486269830881048629ndash104862610486251048625

Silka L nd ldquoTe Southeast Asian Environmental Justice Partnership Citizens Revive a New

England Mill own Riverrdquo New Village Journal Accessed September 1048625983088 1048626983088983088983097 httpwww

newvillagenetJournalIssue10486271048627silkahtml

Silver E J Kaslow D Lee S Lee M L an E Weis and A Ujihara 1048626983088983088983095 ldquoFish Consumptionand Advisory Awareness Among Low-Income Women in Caliorniarsquos SacramentondashSan Joa-

quin Deltardquo En983158ironmental Research 1048625983088983092 (1048627) 9830921048625983088ndash9830921048625983097

Sludge Saety Project 1048626983088983088983097 ldquoWhat Is Underground Coal Slurry Injectionrdquo Sludge Saety Pro-

ject httpwwwsludgesaetyorgcoal_slurry_injhtml

Small Gail 10486269830889830881048629 ldquoTe Coal Wars Northern Cheyenne Reservation Lame Deer Montanardquo

Voices om the Earth 983094 (1048625) httpwwwsricorgvoices10486269830889830881048629v983094n1048625coal_warshtml

Smecker F J 1048626983088983088983097 ldquoCoal Mine Laws Written in Blood An Interview with Judy Bondsrdquo May 1048626983095

owards Freedom httptowardreedomcomhomecontentview1048625104862998309710486271048625

Smith N 1048626983088983088983094 ldquoTerersquos No Such Ting as a Natural Disasterrdquo Understanding Katrina Perspec-

tives rom the Social Sciences httpunderstandingkatrinassrcorgSmithSmith R 1048626983088983088983096 ldquoMore Utility Bills Go Unpaid Consumersrsquo Economic Struggles Spur More

Power Shutoffs as Firms Step Up Collectionsrdquo Wall Street Journal November 1048627




Snipp C M 1048625983097983097983094 ldquoUnderstanding Race and Ethnicity in Rural Americardquo Rural Sociology 9830941048625 (1048625)

104862510486261048629ndash10486259830921048626

Snitow A D Kauman and M Fox 1048626983088983088983095 Tirst Fighting Corporate Tef o Our Water San

Francisco John Wiley and Sons IncSpirn A W 10486269830889830881048629 ldquoRestoring Mill Creek Landscape Literacy Environmental Justice and City

Planning and Designrdquo Landscape Research 1048627983088 (1048627) 10486279830971048629ndash98309210486251048627

State-EPA Nutrient Innovations ask Group (SENIG) 1048626983088983088983097 An Urgent Call to Action Report

o the State-EPA Nutrient Inno983158ations ask Group Washington DC US Environmental Pro-

tection Agency

Steinberg 10486259830979830971048627 ldquoTat Worldrsquos Fair Feeling Control o Water in 1048626983088th-Century Americardquo ech-

nology and Culture 1048627983092 9830929830881048625ndash1048625983088983097

Stroud E 1048625983097983097983097 ldquoroubled Waters in Ecotopia Environmental Racism in Portland Oregonrdquo

Radical History Review 983095983092 9830941048629ndash9830971048629

Sustainable South Bronx 1048626983088983088983096 ldquoIn My Backyard A Pro1047297le o Hunts Point with Recommendationsor Realizing Community Membersrsquo Vision or their Neighborhoodrdquo Sustainable South

Bronx httpwwwwarnkecccomwp-contentuploadswcc_ssb_report_1048626983092983088983096pd

Szasz A and M Meuser 1048625983097983097983095 ldquoEnvironmental Inequalities Literature Review and Proposals or

New Directions in Research and Teoryrdquo Current Sociology 9830921048629 (1048627) 983097983097ndash10486251048626983088

iemann M 1048626983088983088983094 Sae Drinking Water Act Issues in the 983089983088983097th Congress Washington DC

Congressional Research Service

mdashmdashmdash 1048626983088983088983096 Drinking Water State Revol983158ing Fund (DWSRF) Program Overview and Issues

Washington DC Congressional Research Service

imperio A K Ball J Salmon R Roberts and D Craword 1048626983088983088983095 ldquoIs Availability o Public

Open Space Equitable across Areasrdquo Health amp Place 10486251048627 (1048626) 104862710486271048629ndash1048627983092983088reePeople 1048626983088983088983097 ldquoSun Valley Watershedrdquo reePeople httpwwwtreepeopleorgsun-valley-

watershed

roesken W 10486269830889830881048626 ldquoTe Limits o Jim Crow Race and the Provision o Water and Sewerage

Services in American Cities 1048625983096983096983088ndash104862598309710486261048629rdquo Journal o Economic History 9830941048626 (1048627) 9830951048627983092ndash9830959830951048626

University o North Carolina Center or Civil Rights (UNCCR) 1048626983088983088983094 In983158isible Fences Municipal

Underbounding in Southern Moore County Chapel Hill UNC Center or Civil Rights

US Census Bureau 1048626983088983088983096 American Housing Survey or the United States 983090983088983088983095 Washington DC

US Government Printing Offi ce

US Commission in Civil Rights (USCCR) 10486269830889830881048627 Not in My Backyard Executive Order 983089983090983096983097983096

and itle VI as ools or Achieving En983158ironmental Justice Washington DC US Commissionon Civil Rights

mdashmdashmdash1048625983097983097983097a National Characteristics o Drinking Water Systems Serving Populations Under

983089983088983088983088983088 Washington DC US Environmental Protection Agency

mdashmdashmdash1048625983097983097983097b Sae Water Drinking Act Section 983089983092983090983097 Groundwater Report to Congress Washington

DC US Environmental Protection Agency

mdashmdashmdash1048626983088983088983088 Americarsquos Children and the En983158ironment A First View o Available Measures

Washington DC US Environmental Protection Agency

mdashmdashmdash 10486269830889830881048625a ldquoEPA Report to Congress Implementation and Enorcement o the Combined

Sewer Over1047298ow Control Policyrdquo Offi ce o Water US Environmental Protection Agency

httpcpubepagovnpdescsocpolicy_reportcmmdashmdashmdash10486269830889830881048625b 983089983097983097983097 Drinking Water Inastructure Needs Survey Washington DC US Environ-

mental Protection Agency




mdashmdashmdash10486269830889830881048626 Fish Consumption and En983158ironmental Justice A Report Developed om the National

En983158ironmental Justice Advisory Council Washington DC Washington US Environmental

Protection Agency

mdashmdashmdash 1048626983088983088983092 Lead and Copper Rule A Quick Reerence Guide or Schools and Child Care FacilitiesTat are Regulated Under the Sae Drinking Water Act Washington DC US Environmental

Protection Agency

mdashmdashmdash10486269830889830881048629 Protecting Water om Agricultural Runoff EPA 9830979830921048625-F-9830881048629-9830889830881048625 Washington DC US

Environmental Protection Agency httpwwwepagovowownpsAg_Runoff_Fact_Sheetpd

mdashmdashmdash 1048626983088983088983096 Health and En983158ironmental Impacts o Uranium Contamination in the Navajo Na-

tion Five Year Plan Washington DC US Environmental Protection Agency httpwww

epagovregion983097superundnavajo-nationpdNN-1048629-Year-Plan-June-10486251048626pd

mdashmdashmdash 1048626983088983088983097a Drinking Water Inastructure Needs Survey and Assessment Fourth Report to Con-

gress Washington DC US Environmental Protection Agency

mdashmdashmdash1048626983088983088983097b ldquoMigrant Farm Worker Drinking Water Sae at the Wellrdquo US EnvironmentalProtection Agency httpwwwepagovRegion983096ejmwhtml

mdashmdashmdash 1048626983088983088983097c 983090983088983088983094 Public Water System Compliance Report Washington DC US Environmental

Protection Agency httpcpubepagovcomplianceresourcesreportsaccomplishmentsdwa

mdashmdashmdash 10486269830881048625983088a ldquoBasic Inormation What Is Nonpoint Source Pollutionrdquo US Environmental

Protection Agency httpwwwepagovnpswhatishtml

mdashmdashmdash 10486269830881048625983088b ldquoEnvironmental Justice Factsheetrdquo US Environmental Protection Agency http

wwwepagovcomplianceejnejacindexhtml

US Government Accountability Offi ce (GAO) 10486269830889830881048625 GAO 983088983090-983089983090 En983158ironmental Protection Fed-

eral Incentives that Could Help Promote Land Use that Protects Air and Water 1048657uality Wash-

ington DC US General Accountability Offi cemdashmdashmdash1048626983088983088983095 GAO-983088983095-983092983095983097 Clean Water Further Implementation and Better Cost Data Needed o

Determine Impact o EPArsquos Storm Water Program On Communities Washington DC US

General Accountability Offi ce

mdashmdashmdash 1048626983088983088983096 GAO-983088983096-983089983089983095983095 Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations EPA Needs More Inor-

mation and a Clearly De1047297ned Strategy o Protect Air and Water 1048657uality Washington DC US


mdashmdashmdash1048626983088983088983097 GAO-983088983097-983093983093983089 Alaska Native Villages Limited Progress Has Been Made on Relocating

Villages Treatened by Flooding and Erosion Washington DC US Government Account-

ability Offi ce

Vela-Acosta M S P Bigelow and R Buchan 10486269830889830881048626 ldquoAssessment o Occupational Health andSaety Risks o Farmworkers in Coloradordquo American Journal o Industrial Medicine Supple-

ment 9830921048626 (S1048626) 1048625983097ndash1048626983095

Water Resources Research Center 10486269830881048625983088 Te Water-Energy Nexus Arroyo ucson University o

Arizona

Weintraub M and L S Birnbaum 1048626983088983088983096 ldquoCat1047297sh Consumption as a Contributor to Elevated

PCB Levels in a Non-Hispanic Black Subpopulationrdquo En983158ironmental Research 1048625983088983095 (1048627)98309210486251048626ndash

9830921048625983095

West End Revitalization Association 10486269830889830881048626 Failing Septic Systems and Contaminated Well Waters

Aican-American Communities in Mebane North Carolina Mebane NC West End Revitali-

zation Association





10486291048626

Introduction

Te United States has remarkable water systems developed over two centuries o tech-nological institutional and economic advances Yet the bene1047297ts o those systems have

not been elt equally across regions communities or populations And the adverse con-

sequences o inadequate water quality or quantity and the lack o responsiveness o some

water institutions to community input and participation have helped contribute to the

growing environmental justice (EJ) effort to reorm water policies based on respect and

justice or all ree rom discrimination bias or inequity In communities rom Detroit to

New Orleans the inner city to the tribal areas efforts to understand and address EJ issues

around water are beginning to take shape

Environmental justice research documents disproportionate environmental burdensacing low-income communities and communities o color ranging rom high concen-

trations o hazardous acilities to contaminated groundwater rom agricultural activities

Environmental justice contextualizes the environmental conditions that threaten the

physical social economic or environmental health and well-being o these communities

within overall patterns o racism classism and other orms o discrimination in the US

economy government and society in general Water justice is one piece o a larger vision

or EJ Concepts o the ldquosof path or waterrdquo and o water justice demand that all commu-

nities be able to access and manage water or bene1047297cial uses including drinking waste re-

moval cultural and spiritual practices reliance on the wildlie it sustains and enjoymentor recreational purposes (EJCW 10486269830889830881048629)

3

WATER AND ENVIRONMEN TAL JUSTICE

Amy Vanderwarker

Water is lie Te Peoplersquos Water Board advocates or

access protection and conservation o water We believe

water is a human right and all people should have access

to clean and affordable water Water is a commons that

should be held in the public trust ree o privatization

Te Peoplersquos Water Board promotes awareness o the

interconnectedness o all people and resources

mdashMission o the Peoplersquos Water Board o Detroit Michigan






















nous water concerns














(Cole and Foster 10486269830889830881048625)














community voices















































policiesrdquo (1048626983088983088983096 1048625983094)




































include










policy











(GWF 1048626983088983088983095)

983116983137983139983147 983151983142 983137983139983139983141983155983155 983156983151 983155983137983142983141 983139983148983141983137983150 983140983154983145983150983147983145 983150983143 983159983137983156983141983154 983137983150983140

983159983137983155983156983141983159983137983156983141983154 983155983141983154983158983145983139983141983155








983108983154983145983150983147983145983150983143 983159983137983156983141983154 983139983151983150983156983137983149983145983150983137983156983145983151983150









and Matalon 104862698308810486251048625)





















Saety Project 1048626983088983088983097)








983116983137983139983147 983151983142 983137983139983139983141983155983155 983156983151 983137983140983141983153983157983137983156983141 983145983150983142983154 983137983155983156983154983157983139983156983157983154983141 983142983151983154 983156983144983141 983152983151983151983154







































1048625983097983097983094)







983127983144983151 983152983137983161983155 983137983150 983140 983159983144983151 983145983155 983148983141983142983156 983151983157983156 983141983153983157983145 983156983161 983145983150 983159983137983156983141983154 983142983145 983150983137983150983139983145983150 983143 983137983150 983140 983142983157983150983140983145983150 983143









983123983149983137983148983148 983155983161983155983156983141983149983155 983145983150 983150983141983141983140





































983105983143983154 983145983139983157983148983156983157 983154983141 983137983150983140 983145983150983141983153983157983137983148983145 983156983161






















































983105983142983142983151983154983140983137983138 983145983148983145983156 983161




children














is much higher

























(Bauman 10486269830889830881048627)






983125983154983138983137983150983145983162983137983156983145983151983150 983116983141983143983137983139983145983141983155 983151983142 983140983145983155983139983154983145983149983145983150983137983156983145983151983150 983145983150 983148983137983150983140-983157983155983141 983152983148 983137983150983150983145983150983143

983152983141983154983152983141983156983157983137983156983141 983159983137983156983141983154 983145983150983146983157983155983156983145983139983141983155
















urkey Creek























and Mujahid 1048626983088983088983096 104862610486251048626)

































983107983151983150983156983137983149983145983150983137983156983141983140 983142983145983155983144











































983116983137983139983147 983151983142 983137983139983139983141983155983155 983156983151 983159983137983156983141983154 983142983151983154 983154983141983139983154983141983137983156983145983151983150983137983148 983151983152983152983151983154983156983157983150983145983156983145983141983155





























and Mujahid 1048626983088983088983096)








nities o color

983109983150983141983154983143983161 983152983154 983151983140983157983139983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983159983137983156983141983154 983145 983150983146983157983155983156983145983139983141983155




























Pastor et al 1048626983088983088983094)












983113983150983141983153983157983137983148983145983156983145983141983155 983145983150 983141983150983158 983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983154983141983143983157983148983137983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983141983150983142983151983154983139983141983149983141983150 983156


















































983119983158983141983154983148983151983151983147983145983150983143 983148 983137983154983143983141 983155983151983157983154983139983141983155 983151983142 983139983151983150983156983137983149983145983150983137983156983145983151983150










Quality)



















983111983154983151983157983150983140983159983137983156983141983154 983152983154983151983156983141983139983156983145983151983150 983137 983143983148983137983154983145983150983143 983143983137983152















(EJCW 10486269830889830881048629 NEJAC 1048626983088983088983092)





















al 1048626983088983088983095)

983123983157983152983152983151983154983156983145983150983143 983156983144983141 983155983151983139983145983137 983148 983139983157983148983156983157983154983137983148 983137983150983140 983141983150983158 983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983158983137983148983157983141 983151983142 983159983137983156983141983154





















































983110983157983148983148983161 983145983150983156983141983143983154983137983156983141 983141983150983158983145983154 983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983146983157983155983156983145983139983141 983152983154983145983150983139983145983152983148983141983155 983145983150983156983151 983142983141983140983141983154983137 983148

983159983137983156983141983154-983154983141983148983137983156983141983140 983152983154983151983143983154983137983149 983155 983137983150 983140 983152983151 983148983145983139983145 983141983155


















983123983141983156 983152983154983145983151983154983145 983156983145983141983155 983142983151983154 983137983140983140983154983141983155983155983145983150983143 983159983137983156983141983154-983154983141983148983137983156983141983140 983141983150983158 983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983146983157983155983156983145983139983141 983145983155 983155983157983141983155















983107983151983148983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983141 983159983145983156983144 983155983156983137983156983141 983137983150983140 983148983151983139983137983148 983143983151983158983141983154983150983149983141983150983156983155 983156983151 983137983140983140983154983141983155983155

983159983137983156983141983154-983154983141983148983137983156983141983140 983141983150 983158983145983154 983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983146983157983155983156983145983139983141 983145983155 983155983157983141983155







tion process

983125983155983141 983139983157983149983157983148983137983156983145983158983141 983145983149983152983137983139983156 983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156983155 983145983150 983159983137983156983141983154 983152983154983151983146983141983139983156

983152983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983137983150983140 983152983141983154 983149983145983156983156983145983150983143 983139983151983150983155983145983140983141983154983137983156983145983151983150983155













983117983137983147983141 983159983137983156983141983154 983152983151983148983145983139983161 983137983150983140 983143983151983158983141983154983150983137983150983139983141 983140983141983139983145983155983145983151983150983155 983137983150983140 983152983151983148983145983139983145983141983155 983149983151983154983141

983137983139983139 983141983155983155983145983138983148983141 983137983150983140 983154983141983155983152983151983150983155983145 983158983141 983156983151 983139983151983149983149983157983150983145983156983161 983150983141983141983140983155















983120983154983151983158983145983140983141 983154983141983155983151983157983154983139983141983155 983142983151983154 983139983151983149983149983157983150983145983156 983161-983138983137983155983141983140 983151983154983143983137983150983145983162983137983156983145983151983150983155 983156983151 983137983140983140983154983141983155983155

983159983137983156983141983154 983145983155 983155983157983141983155 983137983150983140 983142983137983139983145983148 983145983156983137983156983141 983152983157983138983148983145983139 983152983137983154983156983145 983139983145983152983137983156983145983151983150








983109983155983156983137983138983148983145983155983144 983137 983150 983145983150983156983141983154 983137983143983141983150983139983161 983143983154983151983157983150983140983159983137983156983141983154 983152983154983151983156983141983139983156983145983151983150 983137 983150983140 983151983158983141983154 983155983145983143983144983156

983152983154983151983143983154983137983149










maintenance

983113983149983152983148983141983149983141983150983156 983150983141983159 983142983141983141983155 983137983150983140 983155983156983154983145983139983156983141983154 983142983145983150983141983155 983151983150 983140983145983155983139983144983137983154983143983141983154983155 983157983150983140983141983154 983156983144983141

983107983148983141983137 983150 983127983137983156983141983154 983105983139983156









983122983141983139983151983143983150983145983162983141 983156983144983141 983112983157983149983137983150 983122983145983143983144983156 983156983151 983127983137983156983141983154






983105983140983140983154983141983155983155 983139983154983145983156983145983139983137 983148 983141983150 983158983145983154 983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983146983157 983155983156983145983139983141 983145983155 983155983157983141983155 983159983145 983156983144 983137983152 983152983154 983151983152983154983145 983137983156983141

983142983141983140983141983154983137983148 983159983137983156983141983154 983142983157983150983140983145983150983143




















983108983145983154983141983139983156 983142983141983140983141983154 983137983148 983159983137983156983141983154-983154983141983148983137983156983141983140 983139983148983145983149983137983156983141 983139983144983137983150983143983141 983137 983140983137983152983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140

983149983145983156983145983143983137983156983145983151983150 983152983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983152983154983151983139983141983155983155983141983155 983156983151 983145983140983141983150983156983145983142983161 983137983150983140 983152983154 983151983156983141983139983156 983158983157983148983150983141983154983137983138983148983141

983139983151983149983149983157983150983145983156983145983141983155







munities


Law Review 10486291048629 10486259830889830971048629ndash10486251048625983094983088
























































September 983096















DC Island Press






orgstory10486259830929830941048629983092983088






htm






transitionhtml











tion Programs


























































































10486269830951048627ndash10486271048629983092






Foundation









(1048627) 10486259830941048629ndash1048625983095983092


(98309298309410486251048626) 98309510486251048627ndash9830951048625983096








Penguin Books






























104862510486261048629ndash10486259830921048626






tection Agency















watershed
























Protection Agency


Protection Agency

























ability Offi ce


ment 9830921048626 (S1048626) 1048625983097ndash1048626983095


Arizona



9830921048625983095



zation Association
























nous water concerns














(Cole and Foster 10486269830889830881048625)














community voices















































policiesrdquo (1048626983088983088983096 1048625983094)




































include










policy











(GWF 1048626983088983088983095)

983116983137983139983147 983151983142 983137983139983139983141983155983155 983156983151 983155983137983142983141 983139983148983141983137983150 983140983154983145983150983147983145 983150983143 983159983137983156983141983154 983137983150983140

983159983137983155983156983141983159983137983156983141983154 983155983141983154983158983145983139983141983155








983108983154983145983150983147983145983150983143 983159983137983156983141983154 983139983151983150983156983137983149983145983150983137983156983145983151983150









and Matalon 104862698308810486251048625)





















Saety Project 1048626983088983088983097)








983116983137983139983147 983151983142 983137983139983139983141983155983155 983156983151 983137983140983141983153983157983137983156983141 983145983150983142983154 983137983155983156983154983157983139983156983157983154983141 983142983151983154 983156983144983141 983152983151983151983154







































1048625983097983097983094)







983127983144983151 983152983137983161983155 983137983150 983140 983159983144983151 983145983155 983148983141983142983156 983151983157983156 983141983153983157983145 983156983161 983145983150 983159983137983156983141983154 983142983145 983150983137983150983139983145983150 983143 983137983150 983140 983142983157983150983140983145983150 983143









983123983149983137983148983148 983155983161983155983156983141983149983155 983145983150 983150983141983141983140





































983105983143983154 983145983139983157983148983156983157 983154983141 983137983150983140 983145983150983141983153983157983137983148983145 983156983161






















































983105983142983142983151983154983140983137983138 983145983148983145983156 983161




children














is much higher

























(Bauman 10486269830889830881048627)






983125983154983138983137983150983145983162983137983156983145983151983150 983116983141983143983137983139983145983141983155 983151983142 983140983145983155983139983154983145983149983145983150983137983156983145983151983150 983145983150 983148983137983150983140-983157983155983141 983152983148 983137983150983150983145983150983143

983152983141983154983152983141983156983157983137983156983141 983159983137983156983141983154 983145983150983146983157983155983156983145983139983141983155
















urkey Creek























and Mujahid 1048626983088983088983096 104862610486251048626)

































983107983151983150983156983137983149983145983150983137983156983141983140 983142983145983155983144











































983116983137983139983147 983151983142 983137983139983139983141983155983155 983156983151 983159983137983156983141983154 983142983151983154 983154983141983139983154983141983137983156983145983151983150983137983148 983151983152983152983151983154983156983157983150983145983156983145983141983155





























and Mujahid 1048626983088983088983096)








nities o color

983109983150983141983154983143983161 983152983154 983151983140983157983139983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983159983137983156983141983154 983145 983150983146983157983155983156983145983139983141983155




























Pastor et al 1048626983088983088983094)












983113983150983141983153983157983137983148983145983156983145983141983155 983145983150 983141983150983158 983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983154983141983143983157983148983137983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983141983150983142983151983154983139983141983149983141983150 983156


















































983119983158983141983154983148983151983151983147983145983150983143 983148 983137983154983143983141 983155983151983157983154983139983141983155 983151983142 983139983151983150983156983137983149983145983150983137983156983145983151983150










Quality)



















983111983154983151983157983150983140983159983137983156983141983154 983152983154983151983156983141983139983156983145983151983150 983137 983143983148983137983154983145983150983143 983143983137983152















(EJCW 10486269830889830881048629 NEJAC 1048626983088983088983092)





















al 1048626983088983088983095)

983123983157983152983152983151983154983156983145983150983143 983156983144983141 983155983151983139983145983137 983148 983139983157983148983156983157983154983137983148 983137983150983140 983141983150983158 983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983158983137983148983157983141 983151983142 983159983137983156983141983154





















































983110983157983148983148983161 983145983150983156983141983143983154983137983156983141 983141983150983158983145983154 983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983146983157983155983156983145983139983141 983152983154983145983150983139983145983152983148983141983155 983145983150983156983151 983142983141983140983141983154983137 983148

983159983137983156983141983154-983154983141983148983137983156983141983140 983152983154983151983143983154983137983149 983155 983137983150 983140 983152983151 983148983145983139983145 983141983155


















983123983141983156 983152983154983145983151983154983145 983156983145983141983155 983142983151983154 983137983140983140983154983141983155983155983145983150983143 983159983137983156983141983154-983154983141983148983137983156983141983140 983141983150983158 983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983146983157983155983156983145983139983141 983145983155 983155983157983141983155















983107983151983148983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983141 983159983145983156983144 983155983156983137983156983141 983137983150983140 983148983151983139983137983148 983143983151983158983141983154983150983149983141983150983156983155 983156983151 983137983140983140983154983141983155983155

983159983137983156983141983154-983154983141983148983137983156983141983140 983141983150 983158983145983154 983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983146983157983155983156983145983139983141 983145983155 983155983157983141983155







tion process

983125983155983141 983139983157983149983157983148983137983156983145983158983141 983145983149983152983137983139983156 983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156983155 983145983150 983159983137983156983141983154 983152983154983151983146983141983139983156

983152983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983137983150983140 983152983141983154 983149983145983156983156983145983150983143 983139983151983150983155983145983140983141983154983137983156983145983151983150983155













983117983137983147983141 983159983137983156983141983154 983152983151983148983145983139983161 983137983150983140 983143983151983158983141983154983150983137983150983139983141 983140983141983139983145983155983145983151983150983155 983137983150983140 983152983151983148983145983139983145983141983155 983149983151983154983141

983137983139983139 983141983155983155983145983138983148983141 983137983150983140 983154983141983155983152983151983150983155983145 983158983141 983156983151 983139983151983149983149983157983150983145983156983161 983150983141983141983140983155















983120983154983151983158983145983140983141 983154983141983155983151983157983154983139983141983155 983142983151983154 983139983151983149983149983157983150983145983156 983161-983138983137983155983141983140 983151983154983143983137983150983145983162983137983156983145983151983150983155 983156983151 983137983140983140983154983141983155983155

983159983137983156983141983154 983145983155 983155983157983141983155 983137983150983140 983142983137983139983145983148 983145983156983137983156983141 983152983157983138983148983145983139 983152983137983154983156983145 983139983145983152983137983156983145983151983150








983109983155983156983137983138983148983145983155983144 983137 983150 983145983150983156983141983154 983137983143983141983150983139983161 983143983154983151983157983150983140983159983137983156983141983154 983152983154983151983156983141983139983156983145983151983150 983137 983150983140 983151983158983141983154 983155983145983143983144983156

983152983154983151983143983154983137983149










maintenance

983113983149983152983148983141983149983141983150983156 983150983141983159 983142983141983141983155 983137983150983140 983155983156983154983145983139983156983141983154 983142983145983150983141983155 983151983150 983140983145983155983139983144983137983154983143983141983154983155 983157983150983140983141983154 983156983144983141

983107983148983141983137 983150 983127983137983156983141983154 983105983139983156









983122983141983139983151983143983150983145983162983141 983156983144983141 983112983157983149983137983150 983122983145983143983144983156 983156983151 983127983137983156983141983154






983105983140983140983154983141983155983155 983139983154983145983156983145983139983137 983148 983141983150 983158983145983154 983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983146983157 983155983156983145983139983141 983145983155 983155983157983141983155 983159983145 983156983144 983137983152 983152983154 983151983152983154983145 983137983156983141

983142983141983140983141983154983137983148 983159983137983156983141983154 983142983157983150983140983145983150983143




















983108983145983154983141983139983156 983142983141983140983141983154 983137983148 983159983137983156983141983154-983154983141983148983137983156983141983140 983139983148983145983149983137983156983141 983139983144983137983150983143983141 983137 983140983137983152983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140

983149983145983156983145983143983137983156983145983151983150 983152983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983152983154983151983139983141983155983155983141983155 983156983151 983145983140983141983150983156983145983142983161 983137983150983140 983152983154 983151983156983141983139983156 983158983157983148983150983141983154983137983138983148983141

983139983151983149983149983157983150983145983156983145983141983155







munities


Law Review 10486291048629 10486259830889830971048629ndash10486251048625983094983088
























































September 983096















DC Island Press






orgstory10486259830929830941048629983092983088






htm






transitionhtml











tion Programs


























































































10486269830951048627ndash10486271048629983092






Foundation









(1048627) 10486259830941048629ndash1048625983095983092


(98309298309410486251048626) 98309510486251048627ndash9830951048625983096








Penguin Books






























104862510486261048629ndash10486259830921048626






tection Agency















watershed
























Protection Agency


Protection Agency

























ability Offi ce


ment 9830921048626 (S1048626) 1048625983097ndash1048626983095


Arizona



9830921048625983095



zation Association













community voices















































policiesrdquo (1048626983088983088983096 1048625983094)




































include










policy











(GWF 1048626983088983088983095)

983116983137983139983147 983151983142 983137983139983139983141983155983155 983156983151 983155983137983142983141 983139983148983141983137983150 983140983154983145983150983147983145 983150983143 983159983137983156983141983154 983137983150983140

983159983137983155983156983141983159983137983156983141983154 983155983141983154983158983145983139983141983155








983108983154983145983150983147983145983150983143 983159983137983156983141983154 983139983151983150983156983137983149983145983150983137983156983145983151983150









and Matalon 104862698308810486251048625)





















Saety Project 1048626983088983088983097)








983116983137983139983147 983151983142 983137983139983139983141983155983155 983156983151 983137983140983141983153983157983137983156983141 983145983150983142983154 983137983155983156983154983157983139983156983157983154983141 983142983151983154 983156983144983141 983152983151983151983154







































1048625983097983097983094)







983127983144983151 983152983137983161983155 983137983150 983140 983159983144983151 983145983155 983148983141983142983156 983151983157983156 983141983153983157983145 983156983161 983145983150 983159983137983156983141983154 983142983145 983150983137983150983139983145983150 983143 983137983150 983140 983142983157983150983140983145983150 983143









983123983149983137983148983148 983155983161983155983156983141983149983155 983145983150 983150983141983141983140





































983105983143983154 983145983139983157983148983156983157 983154983141 983137983150983140 983145983150983141983153983157983137983148983145 983156983161






















































983105983142983142983151983154983140983137983138 983145983148983145983156 983161




children














is much higher

























(Bauman 10486269830889830881048627)






983125983154983138983137983150983145983162983137983156983145983151983150 983116983141983143983137983139983145983141983155 983151983142 983140983145983155983139983154983145983149983145983150983137983156983145983151983150 983145983150 983148983137983150983140-983157983155983141 983152983148 983137983150983150983145983150983143

983152983141983154983152983141983156983157983137983156983141 983159983137983156983141983154 983145983150983146983157983155983156983145983139983141983155
















urkey Creek























and Mujahid 1048626983088983088983096 104862610486251048626)

































983107983151983150983156983137983149983145983150983137983156983141983140 983142983145983155983144











































983116983137983139983147 983151983142 983137983139983139983141983155983155 983156983151 983159983137983156983141983154 983142983151983154 983154983141983139983154983141983137983156983145983151983150983137983148 983151983152983152983151983154983156983157983150983145983156983145983141983155





























and Mujahid 1048626983088983088983096)








nities o color

983109983150983141983154983143983161 983152983154 983151983140983157983139983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983159983137983156983141983154 983145 983150983146983157983155983156983145983139983141983155




























Pastor et al 1048626983088983088983094)












983113983150983141983153983157983137983148983145983156983145983141983155 983145983150 983141983150983158 983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983154983141983143983157983148983137983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983141983150983142983151983154983139983141983149983141983150 983156


















































983119983158983141983154983148983151983151983147983145983150983143 983148 983137983154983143983141 983155983151983157983154983139983141983155 983151983142 983139983151983150983156983137983149983145983150983137983156983145983151983150










Quality)



















983111983154983151983157983150983140983159983137983156983141983154 983152983154983151983156983141983139983156983145983151983150 983137 983143983148983137983154983145983150983143 983143983137983152















(EJCW 10486269830889830881048629 NEJAC 1048626983088983088983092)





















al 1048626983088983088983095)

983123983157983152983152983151983154983156983145983150983143 983156983144983141 983155983151983139983145983137 983148 983139983157983148983156983157983154983137983148 983137983150983140 983141983150983158 983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983158983137983148983157983141 983151983142 983159983137983156983141983154





















































983110983157983148983148983161 983145983150983156983141983143983154983137983156983141 983141983150983158983145983154 983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983146983157983155983156983145983139983141 983152983154983145983150983139983145983152983148983141983155 983145983150983156983151 983142983141983140983141983154983137 983148

983159983137983156983141983154-983154983141983148983137983156983141983140 983152983154983151983143983154983137983149 983155 983137983150 983140 983152983151 983148983145983139983145 983141983155


















983123983141983156 983152983154983145983151983154983145 983156983145983141983155 983142983151983154 983137983140983140983154983141983155983155983145983150983143 983159983137983156983141983154-983154983141983148983137983156983141983140 983141983150983158 983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983146983157983155983156983145983139983141 983145983155 983155983157983141983155















983107983151983148983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983141 983159983145983156983144 983155983156983137983156983141 983137983150983140 983148983151983139983137983148 983143983151983158983141983154983150983149983141983150983156983155 983156983151 983137983140983140983154983141983155983155

983159983137983156983141983154-983154983141983148983137983156983141983140 983141983150 983158983145983154 983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983146983157983155983156983145983139983141 983145983155 983155983157983141983155







tion process

983125983155983141 983139983157983149983157983148983137983156983145983158983141 983145983149983152983137983139983156 983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156983155 983145983150 983159983137983156983141983154 983152983154983151983146983141983139983156

983152983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983137983150983140 983152983141983154 983149983145983156983156983145983150983143 983139983151983150983155983145983140983141983154983137983156983145983151983150983155













983117983137983147983141 983159983137983156983141983154 983152983151983148983145983139983161 983137983150983140 983143983151983158983141983154983150983137983150983139983141 983140983141983139983145983155983145983151983150983155 983137983150983140 983152983151983148983145983139983145983141983155 983149983151983154983141

983137983139983139 983141983155983155983145983138983148983141 983137983150983140 983154983141983155983152983151983150983155983145 983158983141 983156983151 983139983151983149983149983157983150983145983156983161 983150983141983141983140983155















983120983154983151983158983145983140983141 983154983141983155983151983157983154983139983141983155 983142983151983154 983139983151983149983149983157983150983145983156 983161-983138983137983155983141983140 983151983154983143983137983150983145983162983137983156983145983151983150983155 983156983151 983137983140983140983154983141983155983155

983159983137983156983141983154 983145983155 983155983157983141983155 983137983150983140 983142983137983139983145983148 983145983156983137983156983141 983152983157983138983148983145983139 983152983137983154983156983145 983139983145983152983137983156983145983151983150








983109983155983156983137983138983148983145983155983144 983137 983150 983145983150983156983141983154 983137983143983141983150983139983161 983143983154983151983157983150983140983159983137983156983141983154 983152983154983151983156983141983139983156983145983151983150 983137 983150983140 983151983158983141983154 983155983145983143983144983156

983152983154983151983143983154983137983149










maintenance

983113983149983152983148983141983149983141983150983156 983150983141983159 983142983141983141983155 983137983150983140 983155983156983154983145983139983156983141983154 983142983145983150983141983155 983151983150 983140983145983155983139983144983137983154983143983141983154983155 983157983150983140983141983154 983156983144983141

983107983148983141983137 983150 983127983137983156983141983154 983105983139983156









983122983141983139983151983143983150983145983162983141 983156983144983141 983112983157983149983137983150 983122983145983143983144983156 983156983151 983127983137983156983141983154






983105983140983140983154983141983155983155 983139983154983145983156983145983139983137 983148 983141983150 983158983145983154 983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983146983157 983155983156983145983139983141 983145983155 983155983157983141983155 983159983145 983156983144 983137983152 983152983154 983151983152983154983145 983137983156983141

983142983141983140983141983154983137983148 983159983137983156983141983154 983142983157983150983140983145983150983143




















983108983145983154983141983139983156 983142983141983140983141983154 983137983148 983159983137983156983141983154-983154983141983148983137983156983141983140 983139983148983145983149983137983156983141 983139983144983137983150983143983141 983137 983140983137983152983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140

983149983145983156983145983143983137983156983145983151983150 983152983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983152983154983151983139983141983155983155983141983155 983156983151 983145983140983141983150983156983145983142983161 983137983150983140 983152983154 983151983156983141983139983156 983158983157983148983150983141983154983137983138983148983141

983139983151983149983149983157983150983145983156983145983141983155







munities


Law Review 10486291048629 10486259830889830971048629ndash10486251048625983094983088
























































September 983096















DC Island Press






orgstory10486259830929830941048629983092983088






htm






transitionhtml











tion Programs


























































































10486269830951048627ndash10486271048629983092






Foundation









(1048627) 10486259830941048629ndash1048625983095983092


(98309298309410486251048626) 98309510486251048627ndash9830951048625983096








Penguin Books






























104862510486261048629ndash10486259830921048626






tection Agency















watershed
























Protection Agency


Protection Agency

























ability Offi ce


ment 9830921048626 (S1048626) 1048625983097ndash1048626983095


Arizona



9830921048625983095



zation Association
























policiesrdquo (1048626983088983088983096 1048625983094)




































include










policy











(GWF 1048626983088983088983095)

983116983137983139983147 983151983142 983137983139983139983141983155983155 983156983151 983155983137983142983141 983139983148983141983137983150 983140983154983145983150983147983145 983150983143 983159983137983156983141983154 983137983150983140

983159983137983155983156983141983159983137983156983141983154 983155983141983154983158983145983139983141983155








983108983154983145983150983147983145983150983143 983159983137983156983141983154 983139983151983150983156983137983149983145983150983137983156983145983151983150









and Matalon 104862698308810486251048625)





















Saety Project 1048626983088983088983097)








983116983137983139983147 983151983142 983137983139983139983141983155983155 983156983151 983137983140983141983153983157983137983156983141 983145983150983142983154 983137983155983156983154983157983139983156983157983154983141 983142983151983154 983156983144983141 983152983151983151983154







































1048625983097983097983094)







983127983144983151 983152983137983161983155 983137983150 983140 983159983144983151 983145983155 983148983141983142983156 983151983157983156 983141983153983157983145 983156983161 983145983150 983159983137983156983141983154 983142983145 983150983137983150983139983145983150 983143 983137983150 983140 983142983157983150983140983145983150 983143









983123983149983137983148983148 983155983161983155983156983141983149983155 983145983150 983150983141983141983140





































983105983143983154 983145983139983157983148983156983157 983154983141 983137983150983140 983145983150983141983153983157983137983148983145 983156983161






















































983105983142983142983151983154983140983137983138 983145983148983145983156 983161




children














is much higher

























(Bauman 10486269830889830881048627)






983125983154983138983137983150983145983162983137983156983145983151983150 983116983141983143983137983139983145983141983155 983151983142 983140983145983155983139983154983145983149983145983150983137983156983145983151983150 983145983150 983148983137983150983140-983157983155983141 983152983148 983137983150983150983145983150983143

983152983141983154983152983141983156983157983137983156983141 983159983137983156983141983154 983145983150983146983157983155983156983145983139983141983155
















urkey Creek























and Mujahid 1048626983088983088983096 104862610486251048626)

































983107983151983150983156983137983149983145983150983137983156983141983140 983142983145983155983144











































983116983137983139983147 983151983142 983137983139983139983141983155983155 983156983151 983159983137983156983141983154 983142983151983154 983154983141983139983154983141983137983156983145983151983150983137983148 983151983152983152983151983154983156983157983150983145983156983145983141983155





























and Mujahid 1048626983088983088983096)








nities o color

983109983150983141983154983143983161 983152983154 983151983140983157983139983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983159983137983156983141983154 983145 983150983146983157983155983156983145983139983141983155




























Pastor et al 1048626983088983088983094)












983113983150983141983153983157983137983148983145983156983145983141983155 983145983150 983141983150983158 983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983154983141983143983157983148983137983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983141983150983142983151983154983139983141983149983141983150 983156


















































983119983158983141983154983148983151983151983147983145983150983143 983148 983137983154983143983141 983155983151983157983154983139983141983155 983151983142 983139983151983150983156983137983149983145983150983137983156983145983151983150










Quality)



















983111983154983151983157983150983140983159983137983156983141983154 983152983154983151983156983141983139983156983145983151983150 983137 983143983148983137983154983145983150983143 983143983137983152















(EJCW 10486269830889830881048629 NEJAC 1048626983088983088983092)





















al 1048626983088983088983095)

983123983157983152983152983151983154983156983145983150983143 983156983144983141 983155983151983139983145983137 983148 983139983157983148983156983157983154983137983148 983137983150983140 983141983150983158 983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983158983137983148983157983141 983151983142 983159983137983156983141983154





















































983110983157983148983148983161 983145983150983156983141983143983154983137983156983141 983141983150983158983145983154 983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983146983157983155983156983145983139983141 983152983154983145983150983139983145983152983148983141983155 983145983150983156983151 983142983141983140983141983154983137 983148

983159983137983156983141983154-983154983141983148983137983156983141983140 983152983154983151983143983154983137983149 983155 983137983150 983140 983152983151 983148983145983139983145 983141983155


















983123983141983156 983152983154983145983151983154983145 983156983145983141983155 983142983151983154 983137983140983140983154983141983155983155983145983150983143 983159983137983156983141983154-983154983141983148983137983156983141983140 983141983150983158 983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983146983157983155983156983145983139983141 983145983155 983155983157983141983155















983107983151983148983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983141 983159983145983156983144 983155983156983137983156983141 983137983150983140 983148983151983139983137983148 983143983151983158983141983154983150983149983141983150983156983155 983156983151 983137983140983140983154983141983155983155

983159983137983156983141983154-983154983141983148983137983156983141983140 983141983150 983158983145983154 983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983146983157983155983156983145983139983141 983145983155 983155983157983141983155







tion process

983125983155983141 983139983157983149983157983148983137983156983145983158983141 983145983149983152983137983139983156 983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156983155 983145983150 983159983137983156983141983154 983152983154983151983146983141983139983156

983152983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983137983150983140 983152983141983154 983149983145983156983156983145983150983143 983139983151983150983155983145983140983141983154983137983156983145983151983150983155













983117983137983147983141 983159983137983156983141983154 983152983151983148983145983139983161 983137983150983140 983143983151983158983141983154983150983137983150983139983141 983140983141983139983145983155983145983151983150983155 983137983150983140 983152983151983148983145983139983145983141983155 983149983151983154983141

983137983139983139 983141983155983155983145983138983148983141 983137983150983140 983154983141983155983152983151983150983155983145 983158983141 983156983151 983139983151983149983149983157983150983145983156983161 983150983141983141983140983155















983120983154983151983158983145983140983141 983154983141983155983151983157983154983139983141983155 983142983151983154 983139983151983149983149983157983150983145983156 983161-983138983137983155983141983140 983151983154983143983137983150983145983162983137983156983145983151983150983155 983156983151 983137983140983140983154983141983155983155

983159983137983156983141983154 983145983155 983155983157983141983155 983137983150983140 983142983137983139983145983148 983145983156983137983156983141 983152983157983138983148983145983139 983152983137983154983156983145 983139983145983152983137983156983145983151983150








983109983155983156983137983138983148983145983155983144 983137 983150 983145983150983156983141983154 983137983143983141983150983139983161 983143983154983151983157983150983140983159983137983156983141983154 983152983154983151983156983141983139983156983145983151983150 983137 983150983140 983151983158983141983154 983155983145983143983144983156

983152983154983151983143983154983137983149










maintenance

983113983149983152983148983141983149983141983150983156 983150983141983159 983142983141983141983155 983137983150983140 983155983156983154983145983139983156983141983154 983142983145983150983141983155 983151983150 983140983145983155983139983144983137983154983143983141983154983155 983157983150983140983141983154 983156983144983141

983107983148983141983137 983150 983127983137983156983141983154 983105983139983156









983122983141983139983151983143983150983145983162983141 983156983144983141 983112983157983149983137983150 983122983145983143983144983156 983156983151 983127983137983156983141983154






983105983140983140983154983141983155983155 983139983154983145983156983145983139983137 983148 983141983150 983158983145983154 983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983146983157 983155983156983145983139983141 983145983155 983155983157983141983155 983159983145 983156983144 983137983152 983152983154 983151983152983154983145 983137983156983141

983142983141983140983141983154983137983148 983159983137983156983141983154 983142983157983150983140983145983150983143




















983108983145983154983141983139983156 983142983141983140983141983154 983137983148 983159983137983156983141983154-983154983141983148983137983156983141983140 983139983148983145983149983137983156983141 983139983144983137983150983143983141 983137 983140983137983152983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140

983149983145983156983145983143983137983156983145983151983150 983152983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983152983154983151983139983141983155983155983141983155 983156983151 983145983140983141983150983156983145983142983161 983137983150983140 983152983154 983151983156983141983139983156 983158983157983148983150983141983154983137983138983148983141

983139983151983149983149983157983150983145983156983145983141983155







munities


Law Review 10486291048629 10486259830889830971048629ndash10486251048625983094983088
























































September 983096















DC Island Press






orgstory10486259830929830941048629983092983088






htm






transitionhtml











tion Programs


























































































10486269830951048627ndash10486271048629983092






Foundation









(1048627) 10486259830941048629ndash1048625983095983092


(98309298309410486251048626) 98309510486251048627ndash9830951048625983096








Penguin Books






























104862510486261048629ndash10486259830921048626






tection Agency















watershed
























Protection Agency


Protection Agency

























ability Offi ce


ment 9830921048626 (S1048626) 1048625983097ndash1048626983095


Arizona



9830921048625983095



zation Association























include










policy











(GWF 1048626983088983088983095)

983116983137983139983147 983151983142 983137983139983139983141983155983155 983156983151 983155983137983142983141 983139983148983141983137983150 983140983154983145983150983147983145 983150983143 983159983137983156983141983154 983137983150983140

983159983137983155983156983141983159983137983156983141983154 983155983141983154983158983145983139983141983155








983108983154983145983150983147983145983150983143 983159983137983156983141983154 983139983151983150983156983137983149983145983150983137983156983145983151983150









and Matalon 104862698308810486251048625)





















Saety Project 1048626983088983088983097)








983116983137983139983147 983151983142 983137983139983139983141983155983155 983156983151 983137983140983141983153983157983137983156983141 983145983150983142983154 983137983155983156983154983157983139983156983157983154983141 983142983151983154 983156983144983141 983152983151983151983154







































1048625983097983097983094)







983127983144983151 983152983137983161983155 983137983150 983140 983159983144983151 983145983155 983148983141983142983156 983151983157983156 983141983153983157983145 983156983161 983145983150 983159983137983156983141983154 983142983145 983150983137983150983139983145983150 983143 983137983150 983140 983142983157983150983140983145983150 983143









983123983149983137983148983148 983155983161983155983156983141983149983155 983145983150 983150983141983141983140





































983105983143983154 983145983139983157983148983156983157 983154983141 983137983150983140 983145983150983141983153983157983137983148983145 983156983161






















































983105983142983142983151983154983140983137983138 983145983148983145983156 983161




children














is much higher

























(Bauman 10486269830889830881048627)






983125983154983138983137983150983145983162983137983156983145983151983150 983116983141983143983137983139983145983141983155 983151983142 983140983145983155983139983154983145983149983145983150983137983156983145983151983150 983145983150 983148983137983150983140-983157983155983141 983152983148 983137983150983150983145983150983143

983152983141983154983152983141983156983157983137983156983141 983159983137983156983141983154 983145983150983146983157983155983156983145983139983141983155
















urkey Creek























and Mujahid 1048626983088983088983096 104862610486251048626)

































983107983151983150983156983137983149983145983150983137983156983141983140 983142983145983155983144











































983116983137983139983147 983151983142 983137983139983139983141983155983155 983156983151 983159983137983156983141983154 983142983151983154 983154983141983139983154983141983137983156983145983151983150983137983148 983151983152983152983151983154983156983157983150983145983156983145983141983155





























and Mujahid 1048626983088983088983096)








nities o color

983109983150983141983154983143983161 983152983154 983151983140983157983139983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983159983137983156983141983154 983145 983150983146983157983155983156983145983139983141983155




























Pastor et al 1048626983088983088983094)












983113983150983141983153983157983137983148983145983156983145983141983155 983145983150 983141983150983158 983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983154983141983143983157983148983137983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983141983150983142983151983154983139983141983149983141983150 983156


















































983119983158983141983154983148983151983151983147983145983150983143 983148 983137983154983143983141 983155983151983157983154983139983141983155 983151983142 983139983151983150983156983137983149983145983150983137983156983145983151983150










Quality)



















983111983154983151983157983150983140983159983137983156983141983154 983152983154983151983156983141983139983156983145983151983150 983137 983143983148983137983154983145983150983143 983143983137983152















(EJCW 10486269830889830881048629 NEJAC 1048626983088983088983092)





















al 1048626983088983088983095)

983123983157983152983152983151983154983156983145983150983143 983156983144983141 983155983151983139983145983137 983148 983139983157983148983156983157983154983137983148 983137983150983140 983141983150983158 983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983158983137983148983157983141 983151983142 983159983137983156983141983154





















































983110983157983148983148983161 983145983150983156983141983143983154983137983156983141 983141983150983158983145983154 983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983146983157983155983156983145983139983141 983152983154983145983150983139983145983152983148983141983155 983145983150983156983151 983142983141983140983141983154983137 983148

983159983137983156983141983154-983154983141983148983137983156983141983140 983152983154983151983143983154983137983149 983155 983137983150 983140 983152983151 983148983145983139983145 983141983155


















983123983141983156 983152983154983145983151983154983145 983156983145983141983155 983142983151983154 983137983140983140983154983141983155983155983145983150983143 983159983137983156983141983154-983154983141983148983137983156983141983140 983141983150983158 983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983146983157983155983156983145983139983141 983145983155 983155983157983141983155















983107983151983148983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983141 983159983145983156983144 983155983156983137983156983141 983137983150983140 983148983151983139983137983148 983143983151983158983141983154983150983149983141983150983156983155 983156983151 983137983140983140983154983141983155983155

983159983137983156983141983154-983154983141983148983137983156983141983140 983141983150 983158983145983154 983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983146983157983155983156983145983139983141 983145983155 983155983157983141983155







tion process

983125983155983141 983139983157983149983157983148983137983156983145983158983141 983145983149983152983137983139983156 983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156983155 983145983150 983159983137983156983141983154 983152983154983151983146983141983139983156

983152983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983137983150983140 983152983141983154 983149983145983156983156983145983150983143 983139983151983150983155983145983140983141983154983137983156983145983151983150983155













983117983137983147983141 983159983137983156983141983154 983152983151983148983145983139983161 983137983150983140 983143983151983158983141983154983150983137983150983139983141 983140983141983139983145983155983145983151983150983155 983137983150983140 983152983151983148983145983139983145983141983155 983149983151983154983141

983137983139983139 983141983155983155983145983138983148983141 983137983150983140 983154983141983155983152983151983150983155983145 983158983141 983156983151 983139983151983149983149983157983150983145983156983161 983150983141983141983140983155















983120983154983151983158983145983140983141 983154983141983155983151983157983154983139983141983155 983142983151983154 983139983151983149983149983157983150983145983156 983161-983138983137983155983141983140 983151983154983143983137983150983145983162983137983156983145983151983150983155 983156983151 983137983140983140983154983141983155983155

983159983137983156983141983154 983145983155 983155983157983141983155 983137983150983140 983142983137983139983145983148 983145983156983137983156983141 983152983157983138983148983145983139 983152983137983154983156983145 983139983145983152983137983156983145983151983150








983109983155983156983137983138983148983145983155983144 983137 983150 983145983150983156983141983154 983137983143983141983150983139983161 983143983154983151983157983150983140983159983137983156983141983154 983152983154983151983156983141983139983156983145983151983150 983137 983150983140 983151983158983141983154 983155983145983143983144983156

983152983154983151983143983154983137983149










maintenance

983113983149983152983148983141983149983141983150983156 983150983141983159 983142983141983141983155 983137983150983140 983155983156983154983145983139983156983141983154 983142983145983150983141983155 983151983150 983140983145983155983139983144983137983154983143983141983154983155 983157983150983140983141983154 983156983144983141

983107983148983141983137 983150 983127983137983156983141983154 983105983139983156









983122983141983139983151983143983150983145983162983141 983156983144983141 983112983157983149983137983150 983122983145983143983144983156 983156983151 983127983137983156983141983154






983105983140983140983154983141983155983155 983139983154983145983156983145983139983137 983148 983141983150 983158983145983154 983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983146983157 983155983156983145983139983141 983145983155 983155983157983141983155 983159983145 983156983144 983137983152 983152983154 983151983152983154983145 983137983156983141

983142983141983140983141983154983137983148 983159983137983156983141983154 983142983157983150983140983145983150983143




















983108983145983154983141983139983156 983142983141983140983141983154 983137983148 983159983137983156983141983154-983154983141983148983137983156983141983140 983139983148983145983149983137983156983141 983139983144983137983150983143983141 983137 983140983137983152983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140

983149983145983156983145983143983137983156983145983151983150 983152983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983152983154983151983139983141983155983155983141983155 983156983151 983145983140983141983150983156983145983142983161 983137983150983140 983152983154 983151983156983141983139983156 983158983157983148983150983141983154983137983138983148983141

983139983151983149983149983157983150983145983156983145983141983155







munities


Law Review 10486291048629 10486259830889830971048629ndash10486251048625983094983088
























































September 983096















DC Island Press






orgstory10486259830929830941048629983092983088






htm






transitionhtml











tion Programs


























































































10486269830951048627ndash10486271048629983092






Foundation









(1048627) 10486259830941048629ndash1048625983095983092


(98309298309410486251048626) 98309510486251048627ndash9830951048625983096








Penguin Books






























104862510486261048629ndash10486259830921048626






tection Agency















watershed
























Protection Agency


Protection Agency

























ability Offi ce


ment 9830921048626 (S1048626) 1048625983097ndash1048626983095


Arizona



9830921048625983095



zation Association







(GWF 1048626983088983088983095)

983116983137983139983147 983151983142 983137983139983139983141983155983155 983156983151 983155983137983142983141 983139983148983141983137983150 983140983154983145983150983147983145 983150983143 983159983137983156983141983154 983137983150983140

983159983137983155983156983141983159983137983156983141983154 983155983141983154983158983145983139983141983155








983108983154983145983150983147983145983150983143 983159983137983156983141983154 983139983151983150983156983137983149983145983150983137983156983145983151983150









and Matalon 104862698308810486251048625)





















Saety Project 1048626983088983088983097)








983116983137983139983147 983151983142 983137983139983139983141983155983155 983156983151 983137983140983141983153983157983137983156983141 983145983150983142983154 983137983155983156983154983157983139983156983157983154983141 983142983151983154 983156983144983141 983152983151983151983154







































1048625983097983097983094)







983127983144983151 983152983137983161983155 983137983150 983140 983159983144983151 983145983155 983148983141983142983156 983151983157983156 983141983153983157983145 983156983161 983145983150 983159983137983156983141983154 983142983145 983150983137983150983139983145983150 983143 983137983150 983140 983142983157983150983140983145983150 983143









983123983149983137983148983148 983155983161983155983156983141983149983155 983145983150 983150983141983141983140





































983105983143983154 983145983139983157983148983156983157 983154983141 983137983150983140 983145983150983141983153983157983137983148983145 983156983161






















































983105983142983142983151983154983140983137983138 983145983148983145983156 983161




children














is much higher

























(Bauman 10486269830889830881048627)






983125983154983138983137983150983145983162983137983156983145983151983150 983116983141983143983137983139983145983141983155 983151983142 983140983145983155983139983154983145983149983145983150983137983156983145983151983150 983145983150 983148983137983150983140-983157983155983141 983152983148 983137983150983150983145983150983143

983152983141983154983152983141983156983157983137983156983141 983159983137983156983141983154 983145983150983146983157983155983156983145983139983141983155
















urkey Creek























and Mujahid 1048626983088983088983096 104862610486251048626)

































983107983151983150983156983137983149983145983150983137983156983141983140 983142983145983155983144











































983116983137983139983147 983151983142 983137983139983139983141983155983155 983156983151 983159983137983156983141983154 983142983151983154 983154983141983139983154983141983137983156983145983151983150983137983148 983151983152983152983151983154983156983157983150983145983156983145983141983155





























and Mujahid 1048626983088983088983096)








nities o color

983109983150983141983154983143983161 983152983154 983151983140983157983139983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983159983137983156983141983154 983145 983150983146983157983155983156983145983139983141983155




























Pastor et al 1048626983088983088983094)












983113983150983141983153983157983137983148983145983156983145983141983155 983145983150 983141983150983158 983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983154983141983143983157983148983137983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983141983150983142983151983154983139983141983149983141983150 983156


















































983119983158983141983154983148983151983151983147983145983150983143 983148 983137983154983143983141 983155983151983157983154983139983141983155 983151983142 983139983151983150983156983137983149983145983150983137983156983145983151983150










Quality)



















983111983154983151983157983150983140983159983137983156983141983154 983152983154983151983156983141983139983156983145983151983150 983137 983143983148983137983154983145983150983143 983143983137983152















(EJCW 10486269830889830881048629 NEJAC 1048626983088983088983092)





















al 1048626983088983088983095)

983123983157983152983152983151983154983156983145983150983143 983156983144983141 983155983151983139983145983137 983148 983139983157983148983156983157983154983137983148 983137983150983140 983141983150983158 983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983158983137983148983157983141 983151983142 983159983137983156983141983154





















































983110983157983148983148983161 983145983150983156983141983143983154983137983156983141 983141983150983158983145983154 983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983146983157983155983156983145983139983141 983152983154983145983150983139983145983152983148983141983155 983145983150983156983151 983142983141983140983141983154983137 983148

983159983137983156983141983154-983154983141983148983137983156983141983140 983152983154983151983143983154983137983149 983155 983137983150 983140 983152983151 983148983145983139983145 983141983155


















983123983141983156 983152983154983145983151983154983145 983156983145983141983155 983142983151983154 983137983140983140983154983141983155983155983145983150983143 983159983137983156983141983154-983154983141983148983137983156983141983140 983141983150983158 983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983146983157983155983156983145983139983141 983145983155 983155983157983141983155















983107983151983148983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983141 983159983145983156983144 983155983156983137983156983141 983137983150983140 983148983151983139983137983148 983143983151983158983141983154983150983149983141983150983156983155 983156983151 983137983140983140983154983141983155983155

983159983137983156983141983154-983154983141983148983137983156983141983140 983141983150 983158983145983154 983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983146983157983155983156983145983139983141 983145983155 983155983157983141983155







tion process

983125983155983141 983139983157983149983157983148983137983156983145983158983141 983145983149983152983137983139983156 983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156983155 983145983150 983159983137983156983141983154 983152983154983151983146983141983139983156

983152983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983137983150983140 983152983141983154 983149983145983156983156983145983150983143 983139983151983150983155983145983140983141983154983137983156983145983151983150983155













983117983137983147983141 983159983137983156983141983154 983152983151983148983145983139983161 983137983150983140 983143983151983158983141983154983150983137983150983139983141 983140983141983139983145983155983145983151983150983155 983137983150983140 983152983151983148983145983139983145983141983155 983149983151983154983141

983137983139983139 983141983155983155983145983138983148983141 983137983150983140 983154983141983155983152983151983150983155983145 983158983141 983156983151 983139983151983149983149983157983150983145983156983161 983150983141983141983140983155















983120983154983151983158983145983140983141 983154983141983155983151983157983154983139983141983155 983142983151983154 983139983151983149983149983157983150983145983156 983161-983138983137983155983141983140 983151983154983143983137983150983145983162983137983156983145983151983150983155 983156983151 983137983140983140983154983141983155983155

983159983137983156983141983154 983145983155 983155983157983141983155 983137983150983140 983142983137983139983145983148 983145983156983137983156983141 983152983157983138983148983145983139 983152983137983154983156983145 983139983145983152983137983156983145983151983150








983109983155983156983137983138983148983145983155983144 983137 983150 983145983150983156983141983154 983137983143983141983150983139983161 983143983154983151983157983150983140983159983137983156983141983154 983152983154983151983156983141983139983156983145983151983150 983137 983150983140 983151983158983141983154 983155983145983143983144983156

983152983154983151983143983154983137983149










maintenance

983113983149983152983148983141983149983141983150983156 983150983141983159 983142983141983141983155 983137983150983140 983155983156983154983145983139983156983141983154 983142983145983150983141983155 983151983150 983140983145983155983139983144983137983154983143983141983154983155 983157983150983140983141983154 983156983144983141

983107983148983141983137 983150 983127983137983156983141983154 983105983139983156









983122983141983139983151983143983150983145983162983141 983156983144983141 983112983157983149983137983150 983122983145983143983144983156 983156983151 983127983137983156983141983154






983105983140983140983154983141983155983155 983139983154983145983156983145983139983137 983148 983141983150 983158983145983154 983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983146983157 983155983156983145983139983141 983145983155 983155983157983141983155 983159983145 983156983144 983137983152 983152983154 983151983152983154983145 983137983156983141

983142983141983140983141983154983137983148 983159983137983156983141983154 983142983157983150983140983145983150983143




















983108983145983154983141983139983156 983142983141983140983141983154 983137983148 983159983137983156983141983154-983154983141983148983137983156983141983140 983139983148983145983149983137983156983141 983139983144983137983150983143983141 983137 983140983137983152983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140

983149983145983156983145983143983137983156983145983151983150 983152983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983152983154983151983139983141983155983155983141983155 983156983151 983145983140983141983150983156983145983142983161 983137983150983140 983152983154 983151983156983141983139983156 983158983157983148983150983141983154983137983138983148983141

983139983151983149983149983157983150983145983156983145983141983155







munities


Law Review 10486291048629 10486259830889830971048629ndash10486251048625983094983088
























































September 983096















DC Island Press






orgstory10486259830929830941048629983092983088






htm






transitionhtml











tion Programs


























































































10486269830951048627ndash10486271048629983092






Foundation









(1048627) 10486259830941048629ndash1048625983095983092


(98309298309410486251048626) 98309510486251048627ndash9830951048625983096








Penguin Books






























104862510486261048629ndash10486259830921048626






tection Agency















watershed
























Protection Agency


Protection Agency

























ability Offi ce


ment 9830921048626 (S1048626) 1048625983097ndash1048626983095


Arizona



9830921048625983095



zation Association











Saety Project 1048626983088983088983097)








983116983137983139983147 983151983142 983137983139983139983141983155983155 983156983151 983137983140983141983153983157983137983156983141 983145983150983142983154 983137983155983156983154983157983139983156983157983154983141 983142983151983154 983156983144983141 983152983151983151983154







































1048625983097983097983094)







983127983144983151 983152983137983161983155 983137983150 983140 983159983144983151 983145983155 983148983141983142983156 983151983157983156 983141983153983157983145 983156983161 983145983150 983159983137983156983141983154 983142983145 983150983137983150983139983145983150 983143 983137983150 983140 983142983157983150983140983145983150 983143









983123983149983137983148983148 983155983161983155983156983141983149983155 983145983150 983150983141983141983140





































983105983143983154 983145983139983157983148983156983157 983154983141 983137983150983140 983145983150983141983153983157983137983148983145 983156983161






















































983105983142983142983151983154983140983137983138 983145983148983145983156 983161




children














is much higher

























(Bauman 10486269830889830881048627)






983125983154983138983137983150983145983162983137983156983145983151983150 983116983141983143983137983139983145983141983155 983151983142 983140983145983155983139983154983145983149983145983150983137983156983145983151983150 983145983150 983148983137983150983140-983157983155983141 983152983148 983137983150983150983145983150983143

983152983141983154983152983141983156983157983137983156983141 983159983137983156983141983154 983145983150983146983157983155983156983145983139983141983155
















urkey Creek























and Mujahid 1048626983088983088983096 104862610486251048626)

































983107983151983150983156983137983149983145983150983137983156983141983140 983142983145983155983144











































983116983137983139983147 983151983142 983137983139983139983141983155983155 983156983151 983159983137983156983141983154 983142983151983154 983154983141983139983154983141983137983156983145983151983150983137983148 983151983152983152983151983154983156983157983150983145983156983145983141983155





























and Mujahid 1048626983088983088983096)








nities o color

983109983150983141983154983143983161 983152983154 983151983140983157983139983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983159983137983156983141983154 983145 983150983146983157983155983156983145983139983141983155




























Pastor et al 1048626983088983088983094)












983113983150983141983153983157983137983148983145983156983145983141983155 983145983150 983141983150983158 983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983154983141983143983157983148983137983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983141983150983142983151983154983139983141983149983141983150 983156


















































983119983158983141983154983148983151983151983147983145983150983143 983148 983137983154983143983141 983155983151983157983154983139983141983155 983151983142 983139983151983150983156983137983149983145983150983137983156983145983151983150










Quality)



















983111983154983151983157983150983140983159983137983156983141983154 983152983154983151983156983141983139983156983145983151983150 983137 983143983148983137983154983145983150983143 983143983137983152















(EJCW 10486269830889830881048629 NEJAC 1048626983088983088983092)





















al 1048626983088983088983095)

983123983157983152983152983151983154983156983145983150983143 983156983144983141 983155983151983139983145983137 983148 983139983157983148983156983157983154983137983148 983137983150983140 983141983150983158 983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983158983137983148983157983141 983151983142 983159983137983156983141983154





















































983110983157983148983148983161 983145983150983156983141983143983154983137983156983141 983141983150983158983145983154 983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983146983157983155983156983145983139983141 983152983154983145983150983139983145983152983148983141983155 983145983150983156983151 983142983141983140983141983154983137 983148

983159983137983156983141983154-983154983141983148983137983156983141983140 983152983154983151983143983154983137983149 983155 983137983150 983140 983152983151 983148983145983139983145 983141983155


















983123983141983156 983152983154983145983151983154983145 983156983145983141983155 983142983151983154 983137983140983140983154983141983155983155983145983150983143 983159983137983156983141983154-983154983141983148983137983156983141983140 983141983150983158 983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983146983157983155983156983145983139983141 983145983155 983155983157983141983155















983107983151983148983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983141 983159983145983156983144 983155983156983137983156983141 983137983150983140 983148983151983139983137983148 983143983151983158983141983154983150983149983141983150983156983155 983156983151 983137983140983140983154983141983155983155

983159983137983156983141983154-983154983141983148983137983156983141983140 983141983150 983158983145983154 983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983146983157983155983156983145983139983141 983145983155 983155983157983141983155







tion process

983125983155983141 983139983157983149983157983148983137983156983145983158983141 983145983149983152983137983139983156 983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156983155 983145983150 983159983137983156983141983154 983152983154983151983146983141983139983156

983152983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983137983150983140 983152983141983154 983149983145983156983156983145983150983143 983139983151983150983155983145983140983141983154983137983156983145983151983150983155













983117983137983147983141 983159983137983156983141983154 983152983151983148983145983139983161 983137983150983140 983143983151983158983141983154983150983137983150983139983141 983140983141983139983145983155983145983151983150983155 983137983150983140 983152983151983148983145983139983145983141983155 983149983151983154983141

983137983139983139 983141983155983155983145983138983148983141 983137983150983140 983154983141983155983152983151983150983155983145 983158983141 983156983151 983139983151983149983149983157983150983145983156983161 983150983141983141983140983155















983120983154983151983158983145983140983141 983154983141983155983151983157983154983139983141983155 983142983151983154 983139983151983149983149983157983150983145983156 983161-983138983137983155983141983140 983151983154983143983137983150983145983162983137983156983145983151983150983155 983156983151 983137983140983140983154983141983155983155

983159983137983156983141983154 983145983155 983155983157983141983155 983137983150983140 983142983137983139983145983148 983145983156983137983156983141 983152983157983138983148983145983139 983152983137983154983156983145 983139983145983152983137983156983145983151983150








983109983155983156983137983138983148983145983155983144 983137 983150 983145983150983156983141983154 983137983143983141983150983139983161 983143983154983151983157983150983140983159983137983156983141983154 983152983154983151983156983141983139983156983145983151983150 983137 983150983140 983151983158983141983154 983155983145983143983144983156

983152983154983151983143983154983137983149










maintenance

983113983149983152983148983141983149983141983150983156 983150983141983159 983142983141983141983155 983137983150983140 983155983156983154983145983139983156983141983154 983142983145983150983141983155 983151983150 983140983145983155983139983144983137983154983143983141983154983155 983157983150983140983141983154 983156983144983141

983107983148983141983137 983150 983127983137983156983141983154 983105983139983156









983122983141983139983151983143983150983145983162983141 983156983144983141 983112983157983149983137983150 983122983145983143983144983156 983156983151 983127983137983156983141983154






983105983140983140983154983141983155983155 983139983154983145983156983145983139983137 983148 983141983150 983158983145983154 983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983146983157 983155983156983145983139983141 983145983155 983155983157983141983155 983159983145 983156983144 983137983152 983152983154 983151983152983154983145 983137983156983141

983142983141983140983141983154983137983148 983159983137983156983141983154 983142983157983150983140983145983150983143




















983108983145983154983141983139983156 983142983141983140983141983154 983137983148 983159983137983156983141983154-983154983141983148983137983156983141983140 983139983148983145983149983137983156983141 983139983144983137983150983143983141 983137 983140983137983152983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140

983149983145983156983145983143983137983156983145983151983150 983152983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983152983154983151983139983141983155983155983141983155 983156983151 983145983140983141983150983156983145983142983161 983137983150983140 983152983154 983151983156983141983139983156 983158983157983148983150983141983154983137983138983148983141

983139983151983149983149983157983150983145983156983145983141983155







munities


Law Review 10486291048629 10486259830889830971048629ndash10486251048625983094983088
























































September 983096















DC Island Press






orgstory10486259830929830941048629983092983088






htm






transitionhtml











tion Programs


























































































10486269830951048627ndash10486271048629983092






Foundation









(1048627) 10486259830941048629ndash1048625983095983092


(98309298309410486251048626) 98309510486251048627ndash9830951048625983096








Penguin Books






























104862510486261048629ndash10486259830921048626






tection Agency















watershed
























Protection Agency


Protection Agency

























ability Offi ce


ment 9830921048626 (S1048626) 1048625983097ndash1048626983095


Arizona



9830921048625983095



zation Association



















1048625983097983097983094)







983127983144983151 983152983137983161983155 983137983150 983140 983159983144983151 983145983155 983148983141983142983156 983151983157983156 983141983153983157983145 983156983161 983145983150 983159983137983156983141983154 983142983145 983150983137983150983139983145983150 983143 983137983150 983140 983142983157983150983140983145983150 983143









983123983149983137983148983148 983155983161983155983156983141983149983155 983145983150 983150983141983141983140





































983105983143983154 983145983139983157983148983156983157 983154983141 983137983150983140 983145983150983141983153983157983137983148983145 983156983161






















































983105983142983142983151983154983140983137983138 983145983148983145983156 983161




children














is much higher

























(Bauman 10486269830889830881048627)






983125983154983138983137983150983145983162983137983156983145983151983150 983116983141983143983137983139983145983141983155 983151983142 983140983145983155983139983154983145983149983145983150983137983156983145983151983150 983145983150 983148983137983150983140-983157983155983141 983152983148 983137983150983150983145983150983143

983152983141983154983152983141983156983157983137983156983141 983159983137983156983141983154 983145983150983146983157983155983156983145983139983141983155
















urkey Creek























and Mujahid 1048626983088983088983096 104862610486251048626)

































983107983151983150983156983137983149983145983150983137983156983141983140 983142983145983155983144











































983116983137983139983147 983151983142 983137983139983139983141983155983155 983156983151 983159983137983156983141983154 983142983151983154 983154983141983139983154983141983137983156983145983151983150983137983148 983151983152983152983151983154983156983157983150983145983156983145983141983155





























and Mujahid 1048626983088983088983096)








nities o color

983109983150983141983154983143983161 983152983154 983151983140983157983139983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983159983137983156983141983154 983145 983150983146983157983155983156983145983139983141983155




























Pastor et al 1048626983088983088983094)












983113983150983141983153983157983137983148983145983156983145983141983155 983145983150 983141983150983158 983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983154983141983143983157983148983137983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983141983150983142983151983154983139983141983149983141983150 983156


















































983119983158983141983154983148983151983151983147983145983150983143 983148 983137983154983143983141 983155983151983157983154983139983141983155 983151983142 983139983151983150983156983137983149983145983150983137983156983145983151983150










Quality)



















983111983154983151983157983150983140983159983137983156983141983154 983152983154983151983156983141983139983156983145983151983150 983137 983143983148983137983154983145983150983143 983143983137983152















(EJCW 10486269830889830881048629 NEJAC 1048626983088983088983092)





















al 1048626983088983088983095)

983123983157983152983152983151983154983156983145983150983143 983156983144983141 983155983151983139983145983137 983148 983139983157983148983156983157983154983137983148 983137983150983140 983141983150983158 983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983158983137983148983157983141 983151983142 983159983137983156983141983154





















































983110983157983148983148983161 983145983150983156983141983143983154983137983156983141 983141983150983158983145983154 983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983146983157983155983156983145983139983141 983152983154983145983150983139983145983152983148983141983155 983145983150983156983151 983142983141983140983141983154983137 983148

983159983137983156983141983154-983154983141983148983137983156983141983140 983152983154983151983143983154983137983149 983155 983137983150 983140 983152983151 983148983145983139983145 983141983155


















983123983141983156 983152983154983145983151983154983145 983156983145983141983155 983142983151983154 983137983140983140983154983141983155983155983145983150983143 983159983137983156983141983154-983154983141983148983137983156983141983140 983141983150983158 983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983146983157983155983156983145983139983141 983145983155 983155983157983141983155















983107983151983148983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983141 983159983145983156983144 983155983156983137983156983141 983137983150983140 983148983151983139983137983148 983143983151983158983141983154983150983149983141983150983156983155 983156983151 983137983140983140983154983141983155983155

983159983137983156983141983154-983154983141983148983137983156983141983140 983141983150 983158983145983154 983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983146983157983155983156983145983139983141 983145983155 983155983157983141983155







tion process

983125983155983141 983139983157983149983157983148983137983156983145983158983141 983145983149983152983137983139983156 983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156983155 983145983150 983159983137983156983141983154 983152983154983151983146983141983139983156

983152983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983137983150983140 983152983141983154 983149983145983156983156983145983150983143 983139983151983150983155983145983140983141983154983137983156983145983151983150983155













983117983137983147983141 983159983137983156983141983154 983152983151983148983145983139983161 983137983150983140 983143983151983158983141983154983150983137983150983139983141 983140983141983139983145983155983145983151983150983155 983137983150983140 983152983151983148983145983139983145983141983155 983149983151983154983141

983137983139983139 983141983155983155983145983138983148983141 983137983150983140 983154983141983155983152983151983150983155983145 983158983141 983156983151 983139983151983149983149983157983150983145983156983161 983150983141983141983140983155















983120983154983151983158983145983140983141 983154983141983155983151983157983154983139983141983155 983142983151983154 983139983151983149983149983157983150983145983156 983161-983138983137983155983141983140 983151983154983143983137983150983145983162983137983156983145983151983150983155 983156983151 983137983140983140983154983141983155983155

983159983137983156983141983154 983145983155 983155983157983141983155 983137983150983140 983142983137983139983145983148 983145983156983137983156983141 983152983157983138983148983145983139 983152983137983154983156983145 983139983145983152983137983156983145983151983150








983109983155983156983137983138983148983145983155983144 983137 983150 983145983150983156983141983154 983137983143983141983150983139983161 983143983154983151983157983150983140983159983137983156983141983154 983152983154983151983156983141983139983156983145983151983150 983137 983150983140 983151983158983141983154 983155983145983143983144983156

983152983154983151983143983154983137983149










maintenance

983113983149983152983148983141983149983141983150983156 983150983141983159 983142983141983141983155 983137983150983140 983155983156983154983145983139983156983141983154 983142983145983150983141983155 983151983150 983140983145983155983139983144983137983154983143983141983154983155 983157983150983140983141983154 983156983144983141

983107983148983141983137 983150 983127983137983156983141983154 983105983139983156









983122983141983139983151983143983150983145983162983141 983156983144983141 983112983157983149983137983150 983122983145983143983144983156 983156983151 983127983137983156983141983154






983105983140983140983154983141983155983155 983139983154983145983156983145983139983137 983148 983141983150 983158983145983154 983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983146983157 983155983156983145983139983141 983145983155 983155983157983141983155 983159983145 983156983144 983137983152 983152983154 983151983152983154983145 983137983156983141

983142983141983140983141983154983137983148 983159983137983156983141983154 983142983157983150983140983145983150983143




















983108983145983154983141983139983156 983142983141983140983141983154 983137983148 983159983137983156983141983154-983154983141983148983137983156983141983140 983139983148983145983149983137983156983141 983139983144983137983150983143983141 983137 983140983137983152983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140

983149983145983156983145983143983137983156983145983151983150 983152983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983152983154983151983139983141983155983155983141983155 983156983151 983145983140983141983150983156983145983142983161 983137983150983140 983152983154 983151983156983141983139983156 983158983157983148983150983141983154983137983138983148983141

983139983151983149983149983157983150983145983156983145983141983155







munities


Law Review 10486291048629 10486259830889830971048629ndash10486251048625983094983088
























































September 983096















DC Island Press






orgstory10486259830929830941048629983092983088






htm






transitionhtml











tion Programs


























































































10486269830951048627ndash10486271048629983092






Foundation









(1048627) 10486259830941048629ndash1048625983095983092


(98309298309410486251048626) 98309510486251048627ndash9830951048625983096








Penguin Books






























104862510486261048629ndash10486259830921048626






tection Agency















watershed
























Protection Agency


Protection Agency

























ability Offi ce


ment 9830921048626 (S1048626) 1048625983097ndash1048626983095


Arizona



9830921048625983095



zation Association




































983105983143983154 983145983139983157983148983156983157 983154983141 983137983150983140 983145983150983141983153983157983137983148983145 983156983161






















































983105983142983142983151983154983140983137983138 983145983148983145983156 983161




children














is much higher

























(Bauman 10486269830889830881048627)






983125983154983138983137983150983145983162983137983156983145983151983150 983116983141983143983137983139983145983141983155 983151983142 983140983145983155983139983154983145983149983145983150983137983156983145983151983150 983145983150 983148983137983150983140-983157983155983141 983152983148 983137983150983150983145983150983143

983152983141983154983152983141983156983157983137983156983141 983159983137983156983141983154 983145983150983146983157983155983156983145983139983141983155
















urkey Creek























and Mujahid 1048626983088983088983096 104862610486251048626)

































983107983151983150983156983137983149983145983150983137983156983141983140 983142983145983155983144











































983116983137983139983147 983151983142 983137983139983139983141983155983155 983156983151 983159983137983156983141983154 983142983151983154 983154983141983139983154983141983137983156983145983151983150983137983148 983151983152983152983151983154983156983157983150983145983156983145983141983155





























and Mujahid 1048626983088983088983096)








nities o color

983109983150983141983154983143983161 983152983154 983151983140983157983139983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983159983137983156983141983154 983145 983150983146983157983155983156983145983139983141983155




























Pastor et al 1048626983088983088983094)












983113983150983141983153983157983137983148983145983156983145983141983155 983145983150 983141983150983158 983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983154983141983143983157983148983137983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983141983150983142983151983154983139983141983149983141983150 983156


















































983119983158983141983154983148983151983151983147983145983150983143 983148 983137983154983143983141 983155983151983157983154983139983141983155 983151983142 983139983151983150983156983137983149983145983150983137983156983145983151983150










Quality)



















983111983154983151983157983150983140983159983137983156983141983154 983152983154983151983156983141983139983156983145983151983150 983137 983143983148983137983154983145983150983143 983143983137983152















(EJCW 10486269830889830881048629 NEJAC 1048626983088983088983092)





















al 1048626983088983088983095)

983123983157983152983152983151983154983156983145983150983143 983156983144983141 983155983151983139983145983137 983148 983139983157983148983156983157983154983137983148 983137983150983140 983141983150983158 983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983158983137983148983157983141 983151983142 983159983137983156983141983154





















































983110983157983148983148983161 983145983150983156983141983143983154983137983156983141 983141983150983158983145983154 983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983146983157983155983156983145983139983141 983152983154983145983150983139983145983152983148983141983155 983145983150983156983151 983142983141983140983141983154983137 983148

983159983137983156983141983154-983154983141983148983137983156983141983140 983152983154983151983143983154983137983149 983155 983137983150 983140 983152983151 983148983145983139983145 983141983155


















983123983141983156 983152983154983145983151983154983145 983156983145983141983155 983142983151983154 983137983140983140983154983141983155983155983145983150983143 983159983137983156983141983154-983154983141983148983137983156983141983140 983141983150983158 983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983146983157983155983156983145983139983141 983145983155 983155983157983141983155















983107983151983148983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983141 983159983145983156983144 983155983156983137983156983141 983137983150983140 983148983151983139983137983148 983143983151983158983141983154983150983149983141983150983156983155 983156983151 983137983140983140983154983141983155983155

983159983137983156983141983154-983154983141983148983137983156983141983140 983141983150 983158983145983154 983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983146983157983155983156983145983139983141 983145983155 983155983157983141983155







tion process

983125983155983141 983139983157983149983157983148983137983156983145983158983141 983145983149983152983137983139983156 983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156983155 983145983150 983159983137983156983141983154 983152983154983151983146983141983139983156

983152983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983137983150983140 983152983141983154 983149983145983156983156983145983150983143 983139983151983150983155983145983140983141983154983137983156983145983151983150983155













983117983137983147983141 983159983137983156983141983154 983152983151983148983145983139983161 983137983150983140 983143983151983158983141983154983150983137983150983139983141 983140983141983139983145983155983145983151983150983155 983137983150983140 983152983151983148983145983139983145983141983155 983149983151983154983141

983137983139983139 983141983155983155983145983138983148983141 983137983150983140 983154983141983155983152983151983150983155983145 983158983141 983156983151 983139983151983149983149983157983150983145983156983161 983150983141983141983140983155















983120983154983151983158983145983140983141 983154983141983155983151983157983154983139983141983155 983142983151983154 983139983151983149983149983157983150983145983156 983161-983138983137983155983141983140 983151983154983143983137983150983145983162983137983156983145983151983150983155 983156983151 983137983140983140983154983141983155983155

983159983137983156983141983154 983145983155 983155983157983141983155 983137983150983140 983142983137983139983145983148 983145983156983137983156983141 983152983157983138983148983145983139 983152983137983154983156983145 983139983145983152983137983156983145983151983150








983109983155983156983137983138983148983145983155983144 983137 983150 983145983150983156983141983154 983137983143983141983150983139983161 983143983154983151983157983150983140983159983137983156983141983154 983152983154983151983156983141983139983156983145983151983150 983137 983150983140 983151983158983141983154 983155983145983143983144983156

983152983154983151983143983154983137983149










maintenance

983113983149983152983148983141983149983141983150983156 983150983141983159 983142983141983141983155 983137983150983140 983155983156983154983145983139983156983141983154 983142983145983150983141983155 983151983150 983140983145983155983139983144983137983154983143983141983154983155 983157983150983140983141983154 983156983144983141

983107983148983141983137 983150 983127983137983156983141983154 983105983139983156









983122983141983139983151983143983150983145983162983141 983156983144983141 983112983157983149983137983150 983122983145983143983144983156 983156983151 983127983137983156983141983154






983105983140983140983154983141983155983155 983139983154983145983156983145983139983137 983148 983141983150 983158983145983154 983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983146983157 983155983156983145983139983141 983145983155 983155983157983141983155 983159983145 983156983144 983137983152 983152983154 983151983152983154983145 983137983156983141

983142983141983140983141983154983137983148 983159983137983156983141983154 983142983157983150983140983145983150983143




















983108983145983154983141983139983156 983142983141983140983141983154 983137983148 983159983137983156983141983154-983154983141983148983137983156983141983140 983139983148983145983149983137983156983141 983139983144983137983150983143983141 983137 983140983137983152983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140

983149983145983156983145983143983137983156983145983151983150 983152983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983152983154983151983139983141983155983155983141983155 983156983151 983145983140983141983150983156983145983142983161 983137983150983140 983152983154 983151983156983141983139983156 983158983157983148983150983141983154983137983138983148983141

983139983151983149983149983157983150983145983156983145983141983155







munities


Law Review 10486291048629 10486259830889830971048629ndash10486251048625983094983088
























































September 983096















DC Island Press






orgstory10486259830929830941048629983092983088






htm






transitionhtml











tion Programs


























































































10486269830951048627ndash10486271048629983092






Foundation









(1048627) 10486259830941048629ndash1048625983095983092


(98309298309410486251048626) 98309510486251048627ndash9830951048625983096








Penguin Books






























104862510486261048629ndash10486259830921048626






tection Agency















watershed
























Protection Agency


Protection Agency

























ability Offi ce


ment 9830921048626 (S1048626) 1048625983097ndash1048626983095


Arizona



9830921048625983095



zation Association





















































983105983142983142983151983154983140983137983138 983145983148983145983156 983161




children














is much higher

























(Bauman 10486269830889830881048627)






983125983154983138983137983150983145983162983137983156983145983151983150 983116983141983143983137983139983145983141983155 983151983142 983140983145983155983139983154983145983149983145983150983137983156983145983151983150 983145983150 983148983137983150983140-983157983155983141 983152983148 983137983150983150983145983150983143

983152983141983154983152983141983156983157983137983156983141 983159983137983156983141983154 983145983150983146983157983155983156983145983139983141983155
















urkey Creek























and Mujahid 1048626983088983088983096 104862610486251048626)

































983107983151983150983156983137983149983145983150983137983156983141983140 983142983145983155983144











































983116983137983139983147 983151983142 983137983139983139983141983155983155 983156983151 983159983137983156983141983154 983142983151983154 983154983141983139983154983141983137983156983145983151983150983137983148 983151983152983152983151983154983156983157983150983145983156983145983141983155





























and Mujahid 1048626983088983088983096)








nities o color

983109983150983141983154983143983161 983152983154 983151983140983157983139983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983159983137983156983141983154 983145 983150983146983157983155983156983145983139983141983155




























Pastor et al 1048626983088983088983094)












983113983150983141983153983157983137983148983145983156983145983141983155 983145983150 983141983150983158 983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983154983141983143983157983148983137983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983141983150983142983151983154983139983141983149983141983150 983156


















































983119983158983141983154983148983151983151983147983145983150983143 983148 983137983154983143983141 983155983151983157983154983139983141983155 983151983142 983139983151983150983156983137983149983145983150983137983156983145983151983150










Quality)



















983111983154983151983157983150983140983159983137983156983141983154 983152983154983151983156983141983139983156983145983151983150 983137 983143983148983137983154983145983150983143 983143983137983152















(EJCW 10486269830889830881048629 NEJAC 1048626983088983088983092)





















al 1048626983088983088983095)

983123983157983152983152983151983154983156983145983150983143 983156983144983141 983155983151983139983145983137 983148 983139983157983148983156983157983154983137983148 983137983150983140 983141983150983158 983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983158983137983148983157983141 983151983142 983159983137983156983141983154





















































983110983157983148983148983161 983145983150983156983141983143983154983137983156983141 983141983150983158983145983154 983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983146983157983155983156983145983139983141 983152983154983145983150983139983145983152983148983141983155 983145983150983156983151 983142983141983140983141983154983137 983148

983159983137983156983141983154-983154983141983148983137983156983141983140 983152983154983151983143983154983137983149 983155 983137983150 983140 983152983151 983148983145983139983145 983141983155


















983123983141983156 983152983154983145983151983154983145 983156983145983141983155 983142983151983154 983137983140983140983154983141983155983155983145983150983143 983159983137983156983141983154-983154983141983148983137983156983141983140 983141983150983158 983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983146983157983155983156983145983139983141 983145983155 983155983157983141983155















983107983151983148983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983141 983159983145983156983144 983155983156983137983156983141 983137983150983140 983148983151983139983137983148 983143983151983158983141983154983150983149983141983150983156983155 983156983151 983137983140983140983154983141983155983155

983159983137983156983141983154-983154983141983148983137983156983141983140 983141983150 983158983145983154 983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983146983157983155983156983145983139983141 983145983155 983155983157983141983155







tion process

983125983155983141 983139983157983149983157983148983137983156983145983158983141 983145983149983152983137983139983156 983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156983155 983145983150 983159983137983156983141983154 983152983154983151983146983141983139983156

983152983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983137983150983140 983152983141983154 983149983145983156983156983145983150983143 983139983151983150983155983145983140983141983154983137983156983145983151983150983155













983117983137983147983141 983159983137983156983141983154 983152983151983148983145983139983161 983137983150983140 983143983151983158983141983154983150983137983150983139983141 983140983141983139983145983155983145983151983150983155 983137983150983140 983152983151983148983145983139983145983141983155 983149983151983154983141

983137983139983139 983141983155983155983145983138983148983141 983137983150983140 983154983141983155983152983151983150983155983145 983158983141 983156983151 983139983151983149983149983157983150983145983156983161 983150983141983141983140983155















983120983154983151983158983145983140983141 983154983141983155983151983157983154983139983141983155 983142983151983154 983139983151983149983149983157983150983145983156 983161-983138983137983155983141983140 983151983154983143983137983150983145983162983137983156983145983151983150983155 983156983151 983137983140983140983154983141983155983155

983159983137983156983141983154 983145983155 983155983157983141983155 983137983150983140 983142983137983139983145983148 983145983156983137983156983141 983152983157983138983148983145983139 983152983137983154983156983145 983139983145983152983137983156983145983151983150








983109983155983156983137983138983148983145983155983144 983137 983150 983145983150983156983141983154 983137983143983141983150983139983161 983143983154983151983157983150983140983159983137983156983141983154 983152983154983151983156983141983139983156983145983151983150 983137 983150983140 983151983158983141983154 983155983145983143983144983156

983152983154983151983143983154983137983149










maintenance

983113983149983152983148983141983149983141983150983156 983150983141983159 983142983141983141983155 983137983150983140 983155983156983154983145983139983156983141983154 983142983145983150983141983155 983151983150 983140983145983155983139983144983137983154983143983141983154983155 983157983150983140983141983154 983156983144983141

983107983148983141983137 983150 983127983137983156983141983154 983105983139983156









983122983141983139983151983143983150983145983162983141 983156983144983141 983112983157983149983137983150 983122983145983143983144983156 983156983151 983127983137983156983141983154






983105983140983140983154983141983155983155 983139983154983145983156983145983139983137 983148 983141983150 983158983145983154 983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983146983157 983155983156983145983139983141 983145983155 983155983157983141983155 983159983145 983156983144 983137983152 983152983154 983151983152983154983145 983137983156983141

983142983141983140983141983154983137983148 983159983137983156983141983154 983142983157983150983140983145983150983143




















983108983145983154983141983139983156 983142983141983140983141983154 983137983148 983159983137983156983141983154-983154983141983148983137983156983141983140 983139983148983145983149983137983156983141 983139983144983137983150983143983141 983137 983140983137983152983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140

983149983145983156983145983143983137983156983145983151983150 983152983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983152983154983151983139983141983155983155983141983155 983156983151 983145983140983141983150983156983145983142983161 983137983150983140 983152983154 983151983156983141983139983156 983158983157983148983150983141983154983137983138983148983141

983139983151983149983149983157983150983145983156983145983141983155







munities


Law Review 10486291048629 10486259830889830971048629ndash10486251048625983094983088
























































September 983096















DC Island Press






orgstory10486259830929830941048629983092983088






htm






transitionhtml











tion Programs


























































































10486269830951048627ndash10486271048629983092






Foundation









(1048627) 10486259830941048629ndash1048625983095983092


(98309298309410486251048626) 98309510486251048627ndash9830951048625983096








Penguin Books






























104862510486261048629ndash10486259830921048626






tection Agency















watershed
























Protection Agency


Protection Agency

























ability Offi ce


ment 9830921048626 (S1048626) 1048625983097ndash1048626983095


Arizona



9830921048625983095



zation Association














983105983142983142983151983154983140983137983138 983145983148983145983156 983161




children














is much higher

























(Bauman 10486269830889830881048627)






983125983154983138983137983150983145983162983137983156983145983151983150 983116983141983143983137983139983145983141983155 983151983142 983140983145983155983139983154983145983149983145983150983137983156983145983151983150 983145983150 983148983137983150983140-983157983155983141 983152983148 983137983150983150983145983150983143

983152983141983154983152983141983156983157983137983156983141 983159983137983156983141983154 983145983150983146983157983155983156983145983139983141983155
















urkey Creek























and Mujahid 1048626983088983088983096 104862610486251048626)

































983107983151983150983156983137983149983145983150983137983156983141983140 983142983145983155983144











































983116983137983139983147 983151983142 983137983139983139983141983155983155 983156983151 983159983137983156983141983154 983142983151983154 983154983141983139983154983141983137983156983145983151983150983137983148 983151983152983152983151983154983156983157983150983145983156983145983141983155





























and Mujahid 1048626983088983088983096)








nities o color

983109983150983141983154983143983161 983152983154 983151983140983157983139983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983159983137983156983141983154 983145 983150983146983157983155983156983145983139983141983155




























Pastor et al 1048626983088983088983094)












983113983150983141983153983157983137983148983145983156983145983141983155 983145983150 983141983150983158 983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983154983141983143983157983148983137983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983141983150983142983151983154983139983141983149983141983150 983156


















































983119983158983141983154983148983151983151983147983145983150983143 983148 983137983154983143983141 983155983151983157983154983139983141983155 983151983142 983139983151983150983156983137983149983145983150983137983156983145983151983150










Quality)



















983111983154983151983157983150983140983159983137983156983141983154 983152983154983151983156983141983139983156983145983151983150 983137 983143983148983137983154983145983150983143 983143983137983152















(EJCW 10486269830889830881048629 NEJAC 1048626983088983088983092)





















al 1048626983088983088983095)

983123983157983152983152983151983154983156983145983150983143 983156983144983141 983155983151983139983145983137 983148 983139983157983148983156983157983154983137983148 983137983150983140 983141983150983158 983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983158983137983148983157983141 983151983142 983159983137983156983141983154





















































983110983157983148983148983161 983145983150983156983141983143983154983137983156983141 983141983150983158983145983154 983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983146983157983155983156983145983139983141 983152983154983145983150983139983145983152983148983141983155 983145983150983156983151 983142983141983140983141983154983137 983148

983159983137983156983141983154-983154983141983148983137983156983141983140 983152983154983151983143983154983137983149 983155 983137983150 983140 983152983151 983148983145983139983145 983141983155


















983123983141983156 983152983154983145983151983154983145 983156983145983141983155 983142983151983154 983137983140983140983154983141983155983155983145983150983143 983159983137983156983141983154-983154983141983148983137983156983141983140 983141983150983158 983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983146983157983155983156983145983139983141 983145983155 983155983157983141983155















983107983151983148983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983141 983159983145983156983144 983155983156983137983156983141 983137983150983140 983148983151983139983137983148 983143983151983158983141983154983150983149983141983150983156983155 983156983151 983137983140983140983154983141983155983155

983159983137983156983141983154-983154983141983148983137983156983141983140 983141983150 983158983145983154 983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983146983157983155983156983145983139983141 983145983155 983155983157983141983155







tion process

983125983155983141 983139983157983149983157983148983137983156983145983158983141 983145983149983152983137983139983156 983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156983155 983145983150 983159983137983156983141983154 983152983154983151983146983141983139983156

983152983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983137983150983140 983152983141983154 983149983145983156983156983145983150983143 983139983151983150983155983145983140983141983154983137983156983145983151983150983155













983117983137983147983141 983159983137983156983141983154 983152983151983148983145983139983161 983137983150983140 983143983151983158983141983154983150983137983150983139983141 983140983141983139983145983155983145983151983150983155 983137983150983140 983152983151983148983145983139983145983141983155 983149983151983154983141

983137983139983139 983141983155983155983145983138983148983141 983137983150983140 983154983141983155983152983151983150983155983145 983158983141 983156983151 983139983151983149983149983157983150983145983156983161 983150983141983141983140983155















983120983154983151983158983145983140983141 983154983141983155983151983157983154983139983141983155 983142983151983154 983139983151983149983149983157983150983145983156 983161-983138983137983155983141983140 983151983154983143983137983150983145983162983137983156983145983151983150983155 983156983151 983137983140983140983154983141983155983155

983159983137983156983141983154 983145983155 983155983157983141983155 983137983150983140 983142983137983139983145983148 983145983156983137983156983141 983152983157983138983148983145983139 983152983137983154983156983145 983139983145983152983137983156983145983151983150








983109983155983156983137983138983148983145983155983144 983137 983150 983145983150983156983141983154 983137983143983141983150983139983161 983143983154983151983157983150983140983159983137983156983141983154 983152983154983151983156983141983139983156983145983151983150 983137 983150983140 983151983158983141983154 983155983145983143983144983156

983152983154983151983143983154983137983149










maintenance

983113983149983152983148983141983149983141983150983156 983150983141983159 983142983141983141983155 983137983150983140 983155983156983154983145983139983156983141983154 983142983145983150983141983155 983151983150 983140983145983155983139983144983137983154983143983141983154983155 983157983150983140983141983154 983156983144983141

983107983148983141983137 983150 983127983137983156983141983154 983105983139983156









983122983141983139983151983143983150983145983162983141 983156983144983141 983112983157983149983137983150 983122983145983143983144983156 983156983151 983127983137983156983141983154






983105983140983140983154983141983155983155 983139983154983145983156983145983139983137 983148 983141983150 983158983145983154 983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983146983157 983155983156983145983139983141 983145983155 983155983157983141983155 983159983145 983156983144 983137983152 983152983154 983151983152983154983145 983137983156983141

983142983141983140983141983154983137983148 983159983137983156983141983154 983142983157983150983140983145983150983143




















983108983145983154983141983139983156 983142983141983140983141983154 983137983148 983159983137983156983141983154-983154983141983148983137983156983141983140 983139983148983145983149983137983156983141 983139983144983137983150983143983141 983137 983140983137983152983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140

983149983145983156983145983143983137983156983145983151983150 983152983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983152983154983151983139983141983155983155983141983155 983156983151 983145983140983141983150983156983145983142983161 983137983150983140 983152983154 983151983156983141983139983156 983158983157983148983150983141983154983137983138983148983141

983139983151983149983149983157983150983145983156983145983141983155







munities


Law Review 10486291048629 10486259830889830971048629ndash10486251048625983094983088
























































September 983096















DC Island Press






orgstory10486259830929830941048629983092983088






htm






transitionhtml











tion Programs


























































































10486269830951048627ndash10486271048629983092






Foundation









(1048627) 10486259830941048629ndash1048625983095983092


(98309298309410486251048626) 98309510486251048627ndash9830951048625983096








Penguin Books






























104862510486261048629ndash10486259830921048626






tection Agency















watershed
























Protection Agency


Protection Agency

























ability Offi ce


ment 9830921048626 (S1048626) 1048625983097ndash1048626983095


Arizona



9830921048625983095



zation Association




















(Bauman 10486269830889830881048627)






983125983154983138983137983150983145983162983137983156983145983151983150 983116983141983143983137983139983145983141983155 983151983142 983140983145983155983139983154983145983149983145983150983137983156983145983151983150 983145983150 983148983137983150983140-983157983155983141 983152983148 983137983150983150983145983150983143

983152983141983154983152983141983156983157983137983156983141 983159983137983156983141983154 983145983150983146983157983155983156983145983139983141983155
















urkey Creek























and Mujahid 1048626983088983088983096 104862610486251048626)

































983107983151983150983156983137983149983145983150983137983156983141983140 983142983145983155983144











































983116983137983139983147 983151983142 983137983139983139983141983155983155 983156983151 983159983137983156983141983154 983142983151983154 983154983141983139983154983141983137983156983145983151983150983137983148 983151983152983152983151983154983156983157983150983145983156983145983141983155





























and Mujahid 1048626983088983088983096)








nities o color

983109983150983141983154983143983161 983152983154 983151983140983157983139983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983159983137983156983141983154 983145 983150983146983157983155983156983145983139983141983155




























Pastor et al 1048626983088983088983094)












983113983150983141983153983157983137983148983145983156983145983141983155 983145983150 983141983150983158 983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983154983141983143983157983148983137983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983141983150983142983151983154983139983141983149983141983150 983156


















































983119983158983141983154983148983151983151983147983145983150983143 983148 983137983154983143983141 983155983151983157983154983139983141983155 983151983142 983139983151983150983156983137983149983145983150983137983156983145983151983150










Quality)



















983111983154983151983157983150983140983159983137983156983141983154 983152983154983151983156983141983139983156983145983151983150 983137 983143983148983137983154983145983150983143 983143983137983152















(EJCW 10486269830889830881048629 NEJAC 1048626983088983088983092)





















al 1048626983088983088983095)

983123983157983152983152983151983154983156983145983150983143 983156983144983141 983155983151983139983145983137 983148 983139983157983148983156983157983154983137983148 983137983150983140 983141983150983158 983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983158983137983148983157983141 983151983142 983159983137983156983141983154





















































983110983157983148983148983161 983145983150983156983141983143983154983137983156983141 983141983150983158983145983154 983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983146983157983155983156983145983139983141 983152983154983145983150983139983145983152983148983141983155 983145983150983156983151 983142983141983140983141983154983137 983148

983159983137983156983141983154-983154983141983148983137983156983141983140 983152983154983151983143983154983137983149 983155 983137983150 983140 983152983151 983148983145983139983145 983141983155


















983123983141983156 983152983154983145983151983154983145 983156983145983141983155 983142983151983154 983137983140983140983154983141983155983155983145983150983143 983159983137983156983141983154-983154983141983148983137983156983141983140 983141983150983158 983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983146983157983155983156983145983139983141 983145983155 983155983157983141983155















983107983151983148983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983141 983159983145983156983144 983155983156983137983156983141 983137983150983140 983148983151983139983137983148 983143983151983158983141983154983150983149983141983150983156983155 983156983151 983137983140983140983154983141983155983155

983159983137983156983141983154-983154983141983148983137983156983141983140 983141983150 983158983145983154 983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983146983157983155983156983145983139983141 983145983155 983155983157983141983155







tion process

983125983155983141 983139983157983149983157983148983137983156983145983158983141 983145983149983152983137983139983156 983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156983155 983145983150 983159983137983156983141983154 983152983154983151983146983141983139983156

983152983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983137983150983140 983152983141983154 983149983145983156983156983145983150983143 983139983151983150983155983145983140983141983154983137983156983145983151983150983155













983117983137983147983141 983159983137983156983141983154 983152983151983148983145983139983161 983137983150983140 983143983151983158983141983154983150983137983150983139983141 983140983141983139983145983155983145983151983150983155 983137983150983140 983152983151983148983145983139983145983141983155 983149983151983154983141

983137983139983139 983141983155983155983145983138983148983141 983137983150983140 983154983141983155983152983151983150983155983145 983158983141 983156983151 983139983151983149983149983157983150983145983156983161 983150983141983141983140983155















983120983154983151983158983145983140983141 983154983141983155983151983157983154983139983141983155 983142983151983154 983139983151983149983149983157983150983145983156 983161-983138983137983155983141983140 983151983154983143983137983150983145983162983137983156983145983151983150983155 983156983151 983137983140983140983154983141983155983155

983159983137983156983141983154 983145983155 983155983157983141983155 983137983150983140 983142983137983139983145983148 983145983156983137983156983141 983152983157983138983148983145983139 983152983137983154983156983145 983139983145983152983137983156983145983151983150








983109983155983156983137983138983148983145983155983144 983137 983150 983145983150983156983141983154 983137983143983141983150983139983161 983143983154983151983157983150983140983159983137983156983141983154 983152983154983151983156983141983139983156983145983151983150 983137 983150983140 983151983158983141983154 983155983145983143983144983156

983152983154983151983143983154983137983149










maintenance

983113983149983152983148983141983149983141983150983156 983150983141983159 983142983141983141983155 983137983150983140 983155983156983154983145983139983156983141983154 983142983145983150983141983155 983151983150 983140983145983155983139983144983137983154983143983141983154983155 983157983150983140983141983154 983156983144983141

983107983148983141983137 983150 983127983137983156983141983154 983105983139983156









983122983141983139983151983143983150983145983162983141 983156983144983141 983112983157983149983137983150 983122983145983143983144983156 983156983151 983127983137983156983141983154






983105983140983140983154983141983155983155 983139983154983145983156983145983139983137 983148 983141983150 983158983145983154 983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983146983157 983155983156983145983139983141 983145983155 983155983157983141983155 983159983145 983156983144 983137983152 983152983154 983151983152983154983145 983137983156983141

983142983141983140983141983154983137983148 983159983137983156983141983154 983142983157983150983140983145983150983143




















983108983145983154983141983139983156 983142983141983140983141983154 983137983148 983159983137983156983141983154-983154983141983148983137983156983141983140 983139983148983145983149983137983156983141 983139983144983137983150983143983141 983137 983140983137983152983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140

983149983145983156983145983143983137983156983145983151983150 983152983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983152983154983151983139983141983155983155983141983155 983156983151 983145983140983141983150983156983145983142983161 983137983150983140 983152983154 983151983156983141983139983156 983158983157983148983150983141983154983137983138983148983141

983139983151983149983149983157983150983145983156983145983141983155







munities


Law Review 10486291048629 10486259830889830971048629ndash10486251048625983094983088
























































September 983096















DC Island Press






orgstory10486259830929830941048629983092983088






htm






transitionhtml











tion Programs


























































































10486269830951048627ndash10486271048629983092






Foundation









(1048627) 10486259830941048629ndash1048625983095983092


(98309298309410486251048626) 98309510486251048627ndash9830951048625983096








Penguin Books






























104862510486261048629ndash10486259830921048626






tection Agency















watershed
























Protection Agency


Protection Agency

























ability Offi ce


ment 9830921048626 (S1048626) 1048625983097ndash1048626983095


Arizona



9830921048625983095



zation Association







urkey Creek























and Mujahid 1048626983088983088983096 104862610486251048626)

































983107983151983150983156983137983149983145983150983137983156983141983140 983142983145983155983144











































983116983137983139983147 983151983142 983137983139983139983141983155983155 983156983151 983159983137983156983141983154 983142983151983154 983154983141983139983154983141983137983156983145983151983150983137983148 983151983152983152983151983154983156983157983150983145983156983145983141983155





























and Mujahid 1048626983088983088983096)








nities o color

983109983150983141983154983143983161 983152983154 983151983140983157983139983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983159983137983156983141983154 983145 983150983146983157983155983156983145983139983141983155




























Pastor et al 1048626983088983088983094)












983113983150983141983153983157983137983148983145983156983145983141983155 983145983150 983141983150983158 983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983154983141983143983157983148983137983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983141983150983142983151983154983139983141983149983141983150 983156


















































983119983158983141983154983148983151983151983147983145983150983143 983148 983137983154983143983141 983155983151983157983154983139983141983155 983151983142 983139983151983150983156983137983149983145983150983137983156983145983151983150










Quality)



















983111983154983151983157983150983140983159983137983156983141983154 983152983154983151983156983141983139983156983145983151983150 983137 983143983148983137983154983145983150983143 983143983137983152















(EJCW 10486269830889830881048629 NEJAC 1048626983088983088983092)





















al 1048626983088983088983095)

983123983157983152983152983151983154983156983145983150983143 983156983144983141 983155983151983139983145983137 983148 983139983157983148983156983157983154983137983148 983137983150983140 983141983150983158 983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983158983137983148983157983141 983151983142 983159983137983156983141983154





















































983110983157983148983148983161 983145983150983156983141983143983154983137983156983141 983141983150983158983145983154 983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983146983157983155983156983145983139983141 983152983154983145983150983139983145983152983148983141983155 983145983150983156983151 983142983141983140983141983154983137 983148

983159983137983156983141983154-983154983141983148983137983156983141983140 983152983154983151983143983154983137983149 983155 983137983150 983140 983152983151 983148983145983139983145 983141983155


















983123983141983156 983152983154983145983151983154983145 983156983145983141983155 983142983151983154 983137983140983140983154983141983155983155983145983150983143 983159983137983156983141983154-983154983141983148983137983156983141983140 983141983150983158 983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983146983157983155983156983145983139983141 983145983155 983155983157983141983155















983107983151983148983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983141 983159983145983156983144 983155983156983137983156983141 983137983150983140 983148983151983139983137983148 983143983151983158983141983154983150983149983141983150983156983155 983156983151 983137983140983140983154983141983155983155

983159983137983156983141983154-983154983141983148983137983156983141983140 983141983150 983158983145983154 983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983146983157983155983156983145983139983141 983145983155 983155983157983141983155







tion process

983125983155983141 983139983157983149983157983148983137983156983145983158983141 983145983149983152983137983139983156 983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156983155 983145983150 983159983137983156983141983154 983152983154983151983146983141983139983156

983152983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983137983150983140 983152983141983154 983149983145983156983156983145983150983143 983139983151983150983155983145983140983141983154983137983156983145983151983150983155













983117983137983147983141 983159983137983156983141983154 983152983151983148983145983139983161 983137983150983140 983143983151983158983141983154983150983137983150983139983141 983140983141983139983145983155983145983151983150983155 983137983150983140 983152983151983148983145983139983145983141983155 983149983151983154983141

983137983139983139 983141983155983155983145983138983148983141 983137983150983140 983154983141983155983152983151983150983155983145 983158983141 983156983151 983139983151983149983149983157983150983145983156983161 983150983141983141983140983155















983120983154983151983158983145983140983141 983154983141983155983151983157983154983139983141983155 983142983151983154 983139983151983149983149983157983150983145983156 983161-983138983137983155983141983140 983151983154983143983137983150983145983162983137983156983145983151983150983155 983156983151 983137983140983140983154983141983155983155

983159983137983156983141983154 983145983155 983155983157983141983155 983137983150983140 983142983137983139983145983148 983145983156983137983156983141 983152983157983138983148983145983139 983152983137983154983156983145 983139983145983152983137983156983145983151983150








983109983155983156983137983138983148983145983155983144 983137 983150 983145983150983156983141983154 983137983143983141983150983139983161 983143983154983151983157983150983140983159983137983156983141983154 983152983154983151983156983141983139983156983145983151983150 983137 983150983140 983151983158983141983154 983155983145983143983144983156

983152983154983151983143983154983137983149










maintenance

983113983149983152983148983141983149983141983150983156 983150983141983159 983142983141983141983155 983137983150983140 983155983156983154983145983139983156983141983154 983142983145983150983141983155 983151983150 983140983145983155983139983144983137983154983143983141983154983155 983157983150983140983141983154 983156983144983141

983107983148983141983137 983150 983127983137983156983141983154 983105983139983156









983122983141983139983151983143983150983145983162983141 983156983144983141 983112983157983149983137983150 983122983145983143983144983156 983156983151 983127983137983156983141983154






983105983140983140983154983141983155983155 983139983154983145983156983145983139983137 983148 983141983150 983158983145983154 983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983146983157 983155983156983145983139983141 983145983155 983155983157983141983155 983159983145 983156983144 983137983152 983152983154 983151983152983154983145 983137983156983141

983142983141983140983141983154983137983148 983159983137983156983141983154 983142983157983150983140983145983150983143




















983108983145983154983141983139983156 983142983141983140983141983154 983137983148 983159983137983156983141983154-983154983141983148983137983156983141983140 983139983148983145983149983137983156983141 983139983144983137983150983143983141 983137 983140983137983152983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140

983149983145983156983145983143983137983156983145983151983150 983152983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983152983154983151983139983141983155983155983141983155 983156983151 983145983140983141983150983156983145983142983161 983137983150983140 983152983154 983151983156983141983139983156 983158983157983148983150983141983154983137983138983148983141

983139983151983149983149983157983150983145983156983145983141983155







munities


Law Review 10486291048629 10486259830889830971048629ndash10486251048625983094983088
























































September 983096















DC Island Press






orgstory10486259830929830941048629983092983088






htm






transitionhtml











tion Programs


























































































10486269830951048627ndash10486271048629983092






Foundation









(1048627) 10486259830941048629ndash1048625983095983092


(98309298309410486251048626) 98309510486251048627ndash9830951048625983096








Penguin Books






























104862510486261048629ndash10486259830921048626






tection Agency















watershed
























Protection Agency


Protection Agency

























ability Offi ce


ment 9830921048626 (S1048626) 1048625983097ndash1048626983095


Arizona



9830921048625983095



zation Association
























983107983151983150983156983137983149983145983150983137983156983141983140 983142983145983155983144











































983116983137983139983147 983151983142 983137983139983139983141983155983155 983156983151 983159983137983156983141983154 983142983151983154 983154983141983139983154983141983137983156983145983151983150983137983148 983151983152983152983151983154983156983157983150983145983156983145983141983155





























and Mujahid 1048626983088983088983096)








nities o color

983109983150983141983154983143983161 983152983154 983151983140983157983139983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983159983137983156983141983154 983145 983150983146983157983155983156983145983139983141983155




























Pastor et al 1048626983088983088983094)












983113983150983141983153983157983137983148983145983156983145983141983155 983145983150 983141983150983158 983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983154983141983143983157983148983137983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983141983150983142983151983154983139983141983149983141983150 983156


















































983119983158983141983154983148983151983151983147983145983150983143 983148 983137983154983143983141 983155983151983157983154983139983141983155 983151983142 983139983151983150983156983137983149983145983150983137983156983145983151983150










Quality)



















983111983154983151983157983150983140983159983137983156983141983154 983152983154983151983156983141983139983156983145983151983150 983137 983143983148983137983154983145983150983143 983143983137983152















(EJCW 10486269830889830881048629 NEJAC 1048626983088983088983092)





















al 1048626983088983088983095)

983123983157983152983152983151983154983156983145983150983143 983156983144983141 983155983151983139983145983137 983148 983139983157983148983156983157983154983137983148 983137983150983140 983141983150983158 983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983158983137983148983157983141 983151983142 983159983137983156983141983154





















































983110983157983148983148983161 983145983150983156983141983143983154983137983156983141 983141983150983158983145983154 983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983146983157983155983156983145983139983141 983152983154983145983150983139983145983152983148983141983155 983145983150983156983151 983142983141983140983141983154983137 983148

983159983137983156983141983154-983154983141983148983137983156983141983140 983152983154983151983143983154983137983149 983155 983137983150 983140 983152983151 983148983145983139983145 983141983155


















983123983141983156 983152983154983145983151983154983145 983156983145983141983155 983142983151983154 983137983140983140983154983141983155983155983145983150983143 983159983137983156983141983154-983154983141983148983137983156983141983140 983141983150983158 983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983146983157983155983156983145983139983141 983145983155 983155983157983141983155















983107983151983148983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983141 983159983145983156983144 983155983156983137983156983141 983137983150983140 983148983151983139983137983148 983143983151983158983141983154983150983149983141983150983156983155 983156983151 983137983140983140983154983141983155983155

983159983137983156983141983154-983154983141983148983137983156983141983140 983141983150 983158983145983154 983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983146983157983155983156983145983139983141 983145983155 983155983157983141983155







tion process

983125983155983141 983139983157983149983157983148983137983156983145983158983141 983145983149983152983137983139983156 983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156983155 983145983150 983159983137983156983141983154 983152983154983151983146983141983139983156

983152983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983137983150983140 983152983141983154 983149983145983156983156983145983150983143 983139983151983150983155983145983140983141983154983137983156983145983151983150983155













983117983137983147983141 983159983137983156983141983154 983152983151983148983145983139983161 983137983150983140 983143983151983158983141983154983150983137983150983139983141 983140983141983139983145983155983145983151983150983155 983137983150983140 983152983151983148983145983139983145983141983155 983149983151983154983141

983137983139983139 983141983155983155983145983138983148983141 983137983150983140 983154983141983155983152983151983150983155983145 983158983141 983156983151 983139983151983149983149983157983150983145983156983161 983150983141983141983140983155















983120983154983151983158983145983140983141 983154983141983155983151983157983154983139983141983155 983142983151983154 983139983151983149983149983157983150983145983156 983161-983138983137983155983141983140 983151983154983143983137983150983145983162983137983156983145983151983150983155 983156983151 983137983140983140983154983141983155983155

983159983137983156983141983154 983145983155 983155983157983141983155 983137983150983140 983142983137983139983145983148 983145983156983137983156983141 983152983157983138983148983145983139 983152983137983154983156983145 983139983145983152983137983156983145983151983150








983109983155983156983137983138983148983145983155983144 983137 983150 983145983150983156983141983154 983137983143983141983150983139983161 983143983154983151983157983150983140983159983137983156983141983154 983152983154983151983156983141983139983156983145983151983150 983137 983150983140 983151983158983141983154 983155983145983143983144983156

983152983154983151983143983154983137983149










maintenance

983113983149983152983148983141983149983141983150983156 983150983141983159 983142983141983141983155 983137983150983140 983155983156983154983145983139983156983141983154 983142983145983150983141983155 983151983150 983140983145983155983139983144983137983154983143983141983154983155 983157983150983140983141983154 983156983144983141

983107983148983141983137 983150 983127983137983156983141983154 983105983139983156









983122983141983139983151983143983150983145983162983141 983156983144983141 983112983157983149983137983150 983122983145983143983144983156 983156983151 983127983137983156983141983154






983105983140983140983154983141983155983155 983139983154983145983156983145983139983137 983148 983141983150 983158983145983154 983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983146983157 983155983156983145983139983141 983145983155 983155983157983141983155 983159983145 983156983144 983137983152 983152983154 983151983152983154983145 983137983156983141

983142983141983140983141983154983137983148 983159983137983156983141983154 983142983157983150983140983145983150983143




















983108983145983154983141983139983156 983142983141983140983141983154 983137983148 983159983137983156983141983154-983154983141983148983137983156983141983140 983139983148983145983149983137983156983141 983139983144983137983150983143983141 983137 983140983137983152983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140

983149983145983156983145983143983137983156983145983151983150 983152983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983152983154983151983139983141983155983155983141983155 983156983151 983145983140983141983150983156983145983142983161 983137983150983140 983152983154 983151983156983141983139983156 983158983157983148983150983141983154983137983138983148983141

983139983151983149983149983157983150983145983156983145983141983155







munities


Law Review 10486291048629 10486259830889830971048629ndash10486251048625983094983088
























































September 983096















DC Island Press






orgstory10486259830929830941048629983092983088






htm






transitionhtml











tion Programs


























































































10486269830951048627ndash10486271048629983092






Foundation









(1048627) 10486259830941048629ndash1048625983095983092


(98309298309410486251048626) 98309510486251048627ndash9830951048625983096








Penguin Books






























104862510486261048629ndash10486259830921048626






tection Agency















watershed
























Protection Agency


Protection Agency

























ability Offi ce


ment 9830921048626 (S1048626) 1048625983097ndash1048626983095


Arizona



9830921048625983095



zation Association

































983116983137983139983147 983151983142 983137983139983139983141983155983155 983156983151 983159983137983156983141983154 983142983151983154 983154983141983139983154983141983137983156983145983151983150983137983148 983151983152983152983151983154983156983157983150983145983156983145983141983155





























and Mujahid 1048626983088983088983096)








nities o color

983109983150983141983154983143983161 983152983154 983151983140983157983139983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983159983137983156983141983154 983145 983150983146983157983155983156983145983139983141983155




























Pastor et al 1048626983088983088983094)












983113983150983141983153983157983137983148983145983156983145983141983155 983145983150 983141983150983158 983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983154983141983143983157983148983137983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983141983150983142983151983154983139983141983149983141983150 983156


















































983119983158983141983154983148983151983151983147983145983150983143 983148 983137983154983143983141 983155983151983157983154983139983141983155 983151983142 983139983151983150983156983137983149983145983150983137983156983145983151983150










Quality)



















983111983154983151983157983150983140983159983137983156983141983154 983152983154983151983156983141983139983156983145983151983150 983137 983143983148983137983154983145983150983143 983143983137983152















(EJCW 10486269830889830881048629 NEJAC 1048626983088983088983092)





















al 1048626983088983088983095)

983123983157983152983152983151983154983156983145983150983143 983156983144983141 983155983151983139983145983137 983148 983139983157983148983156983157983154983137983148 983137983150983140 983141983150983158 983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983158983137983148983157983141 983151983142 983159983137983156983141983154





















































983110983157983148983148983161 983145983150983156983141983143983154983137983156983141 983141983150983158983145983154 983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983146983157983155983156983145983139983141 983152983154983145983150983139983145983152983148983141983155 983145983150983156983151 983142983141983140983141983154983137 983148

983159983137983156983141983154-983154983141983148983137983156983141983140 983152983154983151983143983154983137983149 983155 983137983150 983140 983152983151 983148983145983139983145 983141983155


















983123983141983156 983152983154983145983151983154983145 983156983145983141983155 983142983151983154 983137983140983140983154983141983155983155983145983150983143 983159983137983156983141983154-983154983141983148983137983156983141983140 983141983150983158 983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983146983157983155983156983145983139983141 983145983155 983155983157983141983155















983107983151983148983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983141 983159983145983156983144 983155983156983137983156983141 983137983150983140 983148983151983139983137983148 983143983151983158983141983154983150983149983141983150983156983155 983156983151 983137983140983140983154983141983155983155

983159983137983156983141983154-983154983141983148983137983156983141983140 983141983150 983158983145983154 983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983146983157983155983156983145983139983141 983145983155 983155983157983141983155







tion process

983125983155983141 983139983157983149983157983148983137983156983145983158983141 983145983149983152983137983139983156 983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156983155 983145983150 983159983137983156983141983154 983152983154983151983146983141983139983156

983152983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983137983150983140 983152983141983154 983149983145983156983156983145983150983143 983139983151983150983155983145983140983141983154983137983156983145983151983150983155













983117983137983147983141 983159983137983156983141983154 983152983151983148983145983139983161 983137983150983140 983143983151983158983141983154983150983137983150983139983141 983140983141983139983145983155983145983151983150983155 983137983150983140 983152983151983148983145983139983145983141983155 983149983151983154983141

983137983139983139 983141983155983155983145983138983148983141 983137983150983140 983154983141983155983152983151983150983155983145 983158983141 983156983151 983139983151983149983149983157983150983145983156983161 983150983141983141983140983155















983120983154983151983158983145983140983141 983154983141983155983151983157983154983139983141983155 983142983151983154 983139983151983149983149983157983150983145983156 983161-983138983137983155983141983140 983151983154983143983137983150983145983162983137983156983145983151983150983155 983156983151 983137983140983140983154983141983155983155

983159983137983156983141983154 983145983155 983155983157983141983155 983137983150983140 983142983137983139983145983148 983145983156983137983156983141 983152983157983138983148983145983139 983152983137983154983156983145 983139983145983152983137983156983145983151983150








983109983155983156983137983138983148983145983155983144 983137 983150 983145983150983156983141983154 983137983143983141983150983139983161 983143983154983151983157983150983140983159983137983156983141983154 983152983154983151983156983141983139983156983145983151983150 983137 983150983140 983151983158983141983154 983155983145983143983144983156

983152983154983151983143983154983137983149










maintenance

983113983149983152983148983141983149983141983150983156 983150983141983159 983142983141983141983155 983137983150983140 983155983156983154983145983139983156983141983154 983142983145983150983141983155 983151983150 983140983145983155983139983144983137983154983143983141983154983155 983157983150983140983141983154 983156983144983141

983107983148983141983137 983150 983127983137983156983141983154 983105983139983156









983122983141983139983151983143983150983145983162983141 983156983144983141 983112983157983149983137983150 983122983145983143983144983156 983156983151 983127983137983156983141983154






983105983140983140983154983141983155983155 983139983154983145983156983145983139983137 983148 983141983150 983158983145983154 983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983146983157 983155983156983145983139983141 983145983155 983155983157983141983155 983159983145 983156983144 983137983152 983152983154 983151983152983154983145 983137983156983141

983142983141983140983141983154983137983148 983159983137983156983141983154 983142983157983150983140983145983150983143




















983108983145983154983141983139983156 983142983141983140983141983154 983137983148 983159983137983156983141983154-983154983141983148983137983156983141983140 983139983148983145983149983137983156983141 983139983144983137983150983143983141 983137 983140983137983152983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140

983149983145983156983145983143983137983156983145983151983150 983152983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983152983154983151983139983141983155983155983141983155 983156983151 983145983140983141983150983156983145983142983161 983137983150983140 983152983154 983151983156983141983139983156 983158983157983148983150983141983154983137983138983148983141

983139983151983149983149983157983150983145983156983145983141983155







munities


Law Review 10486291048629 10486259830889830971048629ndash10486251048625983094983088
























































September 983096















DC Island Press






orgstory10486259830929830941048629983092983088






htm






transitionhtml











tion Programs


























































































10486269830951048627ndash10486271048629983092






Foundation









(1048627) 10486259830941048629ndash1048625983095983092


(98309298309410486251048626) 98309510486251048627ndash9830951048625983096








Penguin Books






























104862510486261048629ndash10486259830921048626






tection Agency















watershed
























Protection Agency


Protection Agency

























ability Offi ce


ment 9830921048626 (S1048626) 1048625983097ndash1048626983095


Arizona



9830921048625983095



zation Association
























and Mujahid 1048626983088983088983096)








nities o color

983109983150983141983154983143983161 983152983154 983151983140983157983139983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983159983137983156983141983154 983145 983150983146983157983155983156983145983139983141983155




























Pastor et al 1048626983088983088983094)












983113983150983141983153983157983137983148983145983156983145983141983155 983145983150 983141983150983158 983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983154983141983143983157983148983137983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983141983150983142983151983154983139983141983149983141983150 983156


















































983119983158983141983154983148983151983151983147983145983150983143 983148 983137983154983143983141 983155983151983157983154983139983141983155 983151983142 983139983151983150983156983137983149983145983150983137983156983145983151983150










Quality)



















983111983154983151983157983150983140983159983137983156983141983154 983152983154983151983156983141983139983156983145983151983150 983137 983143983148983137983154983145983150983143 983143983137983152















(EJCW 10486269830889830881048629 NEJAC 1048626983088983088983092)





















al 1048626983088983088983095)

983123983157983152983152983151983154983156983145983150983143 983156983144983141 983155983151983139983145983137 983148 983139983157983148983156983157983154983137983148 983137983150983140 983141983150983158 983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983158983137983148983157983141 983151983142 983159983137983156983141983154





















































983110983157983148983148983161 983145983150983156983141983143983154983137983156983141 983141983150983158983145983154 983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983146983157983155983156983145983139983141 983152983154983145983150983139983145983152983148983141983155 983145983150983156983151 983142983141983140983141983154983137 983148

983159983137983156983141983154-983154983141983148983137983156983141983140 983152983154983151983143983154983137983149 983155 983137983150 983140 983152983151 983148983145983139983145 983141983155


















983123983141983156 983152983154983145983151983154983145 983156983145983141983155 983142983151983154 983137983140983140983154983141983155983155983145983150983143 983159983137983156983141983154-983154983141983148983137983156983141983140 983141983150983158 983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983146983157983155983156983145983139983141 983145983155 983155983157983141983155















983107983151983148983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983141 983159983145983156983144 983155983156983137983156983141 983137983150983140 983148983151983139983137983148 983143983151983158983141983154983150983149983141983150983156983155 983156983151 983137983140983140983154983141983155983155

983159983137983156983141983154-983154983141983148983137983156983141983140 983141983150 983158983145983154 983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983146983157983155983156983145983139983141 983145983155 983155983157983141983155







tion process

983125983155983141 983139983157983149983157983148983137983156983145983158983141 983145983149983152983137983139983156 983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156983155 983145983150 983159983137983156983141983154 983152983154983151983146983141983139983156

983152983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983137983150983140 983152983141983154 983149983145983156983156983145983150983143 983139983151983150983155983145983140983141983154983137983156983145983151983150983155













983117983137983147983141 983159983137983156983141983154 983152983151983148983145983139983161 983137983150983140 983143983151983158983141983154983150983137983150983139983141 983140983141983139983145983155983145983151983150983155 983137983150983140 983152983151983148983145983139983145983141983155 983149983151983154983141

983137983139983139 983141983155983155983145983138983148983141 983137983150983140 983154983141983155983152983151983150983155983145 983158983141 983156983151 983139983151983149983149983157983150983145983156983161 983150983141983141983140983155















983120983154983151983158983145983140983141 983154983141983155983151983157983154983139983141983155 983142983151983154 983139983151983149983149983157983150983145983156 983161-983138983137983155983141983140 983151983154983143983137983150983145983162983137983156983145983151983150983155 983156983151 983137983140983140983154983141983155983155

983159983137983156983141983154 983145983155 983155983157983141983155 983137983150983140 983142983137983139983145983148 983145983156983137983156983141 983152983157983138983148983145983139 983152983137983154983156983145 983139983145983152983137983156983145983151983150








983109983155983156983137983138983148983145983155983144 983137 983150 983145983150983156983141983154 983137983143983141983150983139983161 983143983154983151983157983150983140983159983137983156983141983154 983152983154983151983156983141983139983156983145983151983150 983137 983150983140 983151983158983141983154 983155983145983143983144983156

983152983154983151983143983154983137983149










maintenance

983113983149983152983148983141983149983141983150983156 983150983141983159 983142983141983141983155 983137983150983140 983155983156983154983145983139983156983141983154 983142983145983150983141983155 983151983150 983140983145983155983139983144983137983154983143983141983154983155 983157983150983140983141983154 983156983144983141

983107983148983141983137 983150 983127983137983156983141983154 983105983139983156









983122983141983139983151983143983150983145983162983141 983156983144983141 983112983157983149983137983150 983122983145983143983144983156 983156983151 983127983137983156983141983154






983105983140983140983154983141983155983155 983139983154983145983156983145983139983137 983148 983141983150 983158983145983154 983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983146983157 983155983156983145983139983141 983145983155 983155983157983141983155 983159983145 983156983144 983137983152 983152983154 983151983152983154983145 983137983156983141

983142983141983140983141983154983137983148 983159983137983156983141983154 983142983157983150983140983145983150983143




















983108983145983154983141983139983156 983142983141983140983141983154 983137983148 983159983137983156983141983154-983154983141983148983137983156983141983140 983139983148983145983149983137983156983141 983139983144983137983150983143983141 983137 983140983137983152983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140

983149983145983156983145983143983137983156983145983151983150 983152983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983152983154983151983139983141983155983155983141983155 983156983151 983145983140983141983150983156983145983142983161 983137983150983140 983152983154 983151983156983141983139983156 983158983157983148983150983141983154983137983138983148983141

983139983151983149983149983157983150983145983156983145983141983155







munities


Law Review 10486291048629 10486259830889830971048629ndash10486251048625983094983088
























































September 983096















DC Island Press






orgstory10486259830929830941048629983092983088






htm






transitionhtml











tion Programs


























































































10486269830951048627ndash10486271048629983092






Foundation









(1048627) 10486259830941048629ndash1048625983095983092


(98309298309410486251048626) 98309510486251048627ndash9830951048625983096








Penguin Books






























104862510486261048629ndash10486259830921048626






tection Agency















watershed
























Protection Agency


Protection Agency

























ability Offi ce


ment 9830921048626 (S1048626) 1048625983097ndash1048626983095


Arizona



9830921048625983095



zation Association























Pastor et al 1048626983088983088983094)












983113983150983141983153983157983137983148983145983156983145983141983155 983145983150 983141983150983158 983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983154983141983143983157983148983137983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983141983150983142983151983154983139983141983149983141983150 983156


















































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Quality)



















983111983154983151983157983150983140983159983137983156983141983154 983152983154983151983156983141983139983156983145983151983150 983137 983143983148983137983154983145983150983143 983143983137983152















(EJCW 10486269830889830881048629 NEJAC 1048626983088983088983092)





















al 1048626983088983088983095)

983123983157983152983152983151983154983156983145983150983143 983156983144983141 983155983151983139983145983137 983148 983139983157983148983156983157983154983137983148 983137983150983140 983141983150983158 983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983158983137983148983157983141 983151983142 983159983137983156983141983154





















































983110983157983148983148983161 983145983150983156983141983143983154983137983156983141 983141983150983158983145983154 983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983146983157983155983156983145983139983141 983152983154983145983150983139983145983152983148983141983155 983145983150983156983151 983142983141983140983141983154983137 983148

983159983137983156983141983154-983154983141983148983137983156983141983140 983152983154983151983143983154983137983149 983155 983137983150 983140 983152983151 983148983145983139983145 983141983155


















983123983141983156 983152983154983145983151983154983145 983156983145983141983155 983142983151983154 983137983140983140983154983141983155983155983145983150983143 983159983137983156983141983154-983154983141983148983137983156983141983140 983141983150983158 983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983146983157983155983156983145983139983141 983145983155 983155983157983141983155















983107983151983148983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983141 983159983145983156983144 983155983156983137983156983141 983137983150983140 983148983151983139983137983148 983143983151983158983141983154983150983149983141983150983156983155 983156983151 983137983140983140983154983141983155983155

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tion process

983125983155983141 983139983157983149983157983148983137983156983145983158983141 983145983149983152983137983139983156 983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156983155 983145983150 983159983137983156983141983154 983152983154983151983146983141983139983156

983152983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983137983150983140 983152983141983154 983149983145983156983156983145983150983143 983139983151983150983155983145983140983141983154983137983156983145983151983150983155













983117983137983147983141 983159983137983156983141983154 983152983151983148983145983139983161 983137983150983140 983143983151983158983141983154983150983137983150983139983141 983140983141983139983145983155983145983151983150983155 983137983150983140 983152983151983148983145983139983145983141983155 983149983151983154983141

983137983139983139 983141983155983155983145983138983148983141 983137983150983140 983154983141983155983152983151983150983155983145 983158983141 983156983151 983139983151983149983149983157983150983145983156983161 983150983141983141983140983155















983120983154983151983158983145983140983141 983154983141983155983151983157983154983139983141983155 983142983151983154 983139983151983149983149983157983150983145983156 983161-983138983137983155983141983140 983151983154983143983137983150983145983162983137983156983145983151983150983155 983156983151 983137983140983140983154983141983155983155

983159983137983156983141983154 983145983155 983155983157983141983155 983137983150983140 983142983137983139983145983148 983145983156983137983156983141 983152983157983138983148983145983139 983152983137983154983156983145 983139983145983152983137983156983145983151983150








983109983155983156983137983138983148983145983155983144 983137 983150 983145983150983156983141983154 983137983143983141983150983139983161 983143983154983151983157983150983140983159983137983156983141983154 983152983154983151983156983141983139983156983145983151983150 983137 983150983140 983151983158983141983154 983155983145983143983144983156

983152983154983151983143983154983137983149










maintenance

983113983149983152983148983141983149983141983150983156 983150983141983159 983142983141983141983155 983137983150983140 983155983156983154983145983139983156983141983154 983142983145983150983141983155 983151983150 983140983145983155983139983144983137983154983143983141983154983155 983157983150983140983141983154 983156983144983141

983107983148983141983137 983150 983127983137983156983141983154 983105983139983156









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983149983145983156983145983143983137983156983145983151983150 983152983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983152983154983151983139983141983155983155983141983155 983156983151 983145983140983141983150983156983145983142983161 983137983150983140 983152983154 983151983156983141983139983156 983158983157983148983150983141983154983137983138983148983141

983139983151983149983149983157983150983145983156983145983141983155







munities


Law Review 10486291048629 10486259830889830971048629ndash10486251048625983094983088
























































September 983096















DC Island Press






orgstory10486259830929830941048629983092983088






htm






transitionhtml











tion Programs


























































































10486269830951048627ndash10486271048629983092






Foundation









(1048627) 10486259830941048629ndash1048625983095983092


(98309298309410486251048626) 98309510486251048627ndash9830951048625983096








Penguin Books






























104862510486261048629ndash10486259830921048626






tection Agency















watershed
























Protection Agency


Protection Agency

























ability Offi ce


ment 9830921048626 (S1048626) 1048625983097ndash1048626983095


Arizona



9830921048625983095



zation Association





















Pastor et al 1048626983088983088983094)












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Quality)



















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(EJCW 10486269830889830881048629 NEJAC 1048626983088983088983092)





















al 1048626983088983088983095)

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tion process

983125983155983141 983139983157983149983157983148983137983156983145983158983141 983145983149983152983137983139983156 983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156983155 983145983150 983159983137983156983141983154 983152983154983151983146983141983139983156

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983120983154983151983158983145983140983141 983154983141983155983151983157983154983139983141983155 983142983151983154 983139983151983149983149983157983150983145983156 983161-983138983137983155983141983140 983151983154983143983137983150983145983162983137983156983145983151983150983155 983156983151 983137983140983140983154983141983155983155

983159983137983156983141983154 983145983155 983155983157983141983155 983137983150983140 983142983137983139983145983148 983145983156983137983156983141 983152983157983138983148983145983139 983152983137983154983156983145 983139983145983152983137983156983145983151983150








983109983155983156983137983138983148983145983155983144 983137 983150 983145983150983156983141983154 983137983143983141983150983139983161 983143983154983151983157983150983140983159983137983156983141983154 983152983154983151983156983141983139983156983145983151983150 983137 983150983140 983151983158983141983154 983155983145983143983144983156

983152983154983151983143983154983137983149










maintenance

983113983149983152983148983141983149983141983150983156 983150983141983159 983142983141983141983155 983137983150983140 983155983156983154983145983139983156983141983154 983142983145983150983141983155 983151983150 983140983145983155983139983144983137983154983143983141983154983155 983157983150983140983141983154 983156983144983141

983107983148983141983137 983150 983127983137983156983141983154 983105983139983156









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983105983140983140983154983141983155983155 983139983154983145983156983145983139983137 983148 983141983150 983158983145983154 983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983146983157 983155983156983145983139983141 983145983155 983155983157983141983155 983159983145 983156983144 983137983152 983152983154 983151983152983154983145 983137983156983141

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983108983145983154983141983139983156 983142983141983140983141983154 983137983148 983159983137983156983141983154-983154983141983148983137983156983141983140 983139983148983145983149983137983156983141 983139983144983137983150983143983141 983137 983140983137983152983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140

983149983145983156983145983143983137983156983145983151983150 983152983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983152983154983151983139983141983155983155983141983155 983156983151 983145983140983141983150983156983145983142983161 983137983150983140 983152983154 983151983156983141983139983156 983158983157983148983150983141983154983137983138983148983141

983139983151983149983149983157983150983145983156983145983141983155







munities


Law Review 10486291048629 10486259830889830971048629ndash10486251048625983094983088
























































September 983096















DC Island Press






orgstory10486259830929830941048629983092983088






htm






transitionhtml











tion Programs


























































































10486269830951048627ndash10486271048629983092






Foundation









(1048627) 10486259830941048629ndash1048625983095983092


(98309298309410486251048626) 98309510486251048627ndash9830951048625983096








Penguin Books






























104862510486261048629ndash10486259830921048626






tection Agency















watershed
























Protection Agency


Protection Agency

























ability Offi ce


ment 9830921048626 (S1048626) 1048625983097ndash1048626983095


Arizona



9830921048625983095



zation Association



















Pastor et al 1048626983088983088983094)












983113983150983141983153983157983137983148983145983156983145983141983155 983145983150 983141983150983158 983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983154983141983143983157983148983137983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140 983141983150983142983151983154983139983141983149983141983150 983156


















































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Quality)



















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(EJCW 10486269830889830881048629 NEJAC 1048626983088983088983092)





















al 1048626983088983088983095)

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tion process

983125983155983141 983139983157983149983157983148983137983156983145983158983141 983145983149983152983137983139983156 983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156983155 983145983150 983159983137983156983141983154 983152983154983151983146983141983139983156

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983120983154983151983158983145983140983141 983154983141983155983151983157983154983139983141983155 983142983151983154 983139983151983149983149983157983150983145983156 983161-983138983137983155983141983140 983151983154983143983137983150983145983162983137983156983145983151983150983155 983156983151 983137983140983140983154983141983155983155

983159983137983156983141983154 983145983155 983155983157983141983155 983137983150983140 983142983137983139983145983148 983145983156983137983156983141 983152983157983138983148983145983139 983152983137983154983156983145 983139983145983152983137983156983145983151983150








983109983155983156983137983138983148983145983155983144 983137 983150 983145983150983156983141983154 983137983143983141983150983139983161 983143983154983151983157983150983140983159983137983156983141983154 983152983154983151983156983141983139983156983145983151983150 983137 983150983140 983151983158983141983154 983155983145983143983144983156

983152983154983151983143983154983137983149










maintenance

983113983149983152983148983141983149983141983150983156 983150983141983159 983142983141983141983155 983137983150983140 983155983156983154983145983139983156983141983154 983142983145983150983141983155 983151983150 983140983145983155983139983144983137983154983143983141983154983155 983157983150983140983141983154 983156983144983141

983107983148983141983137 983150 983127983137983156983141983154 983105983139983156









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983149983145983156983145983143983137983156983145983151983150 983152983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983152983154983151983139983141983155983155983141983155 983156983151 983145983140983141983150983156983145983142983161 983137983150983140 983152983154 983151983156983141983139983156 983158983157983148983150983141983154983137983138983148983141

983139983151983149983149983157983150983145983156983145983141983155







munities


Law Review 10486291048629 10486259830889830971048629ndash10486251048625983094983088
























































September 983096















DC Island Press






orgstory10486259830929830941048629983092983088






htm






transitionhtml











tion Programs


























































































10486269830951048627ndash10486271048629983092






Foundation









(1048627) 10486259830941048629ndash1048625983095983092


(98309298309410486251048626) 98309510486251048627ndash9830951048625983096








Penguin Books






























104862510486261048629ndash10486259830921048626






tection Agency















watershed
























Protection Agency


Protection Agency

























ability Offi ce


ment 9830921048626 (S1048626) 1048625983097ndash1048626983095


Arizona



9830921048625983095



zation Association













































983119983158983141983154983148983151983151983147983145983150983143 983148 983137983154983143983141 983155983151983157983154983139983141983155 983151983142 983139983151983150983156983137983149983145983150983137983156983145983151983150










Quality)



















983111983154983151983157983150983140983159983137983156983141983154 983152983154983151983156983141983139983156983145983151983150 983137 983143983148983137983154983145983150983143 983143983137983152















(EJCW 10486269830889830881048629 NEJAC 1048626983088983088983092)





















al 1048626983088983088983095)

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983110983157983148983148983161 983145983150983156983141983143983154983137983156983141 983141983150983158983145983154 983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983146983157983155983156983145983139983141 983152983154983145983150983139983145983152983148983141983155 983145983150983156983151 983142983141983140983141983154983137 983148

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983107983151983148983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983141 983159983145983156983144 983155983156983137983156983141 983137983150983140 983148983151983139983137983148 983143983151983158983141983154983150983149983141983150983156983155 983156983151 983137983140983140983154983141983155983155

983159983137983156983141983154-983154983141983148983137983156983141983140 983141983150 983158983145983154 983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983146983157983155983156983145983139983141 983145983155 983155983157983141983155







tion process

983125983155983141 983139983157983149983157983148983137983156983145983158983141 983145983149983152983137983139983156 983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156983155 983145983150 983159983137983156983141983154 983152983154983151983146983141983139983156

983152983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983137983150983140 983152983141983154 983149983145983156983156983145983150983143 983139983151983150983155983145983140983141983154983137983156983145983151983150983155













983117983137983147983141 983159983137983156983141983154 983152983151983148983145983139983161 983137983150983140 983143983151983158983141983154983150983137983150983139983141 983140983141983139983145983155983145983151983150983155 983137983150983140 983152983151983148983145983139983145983141983155 983149983151983154983141

983137983139983139 983141983155983155983145983138983148983141 983137983150983140 983154983141983155983152983151983150983155983145 983158983141 983156983151 983139983151983149983149983157983150983145983156983161 983150983141983141983140983155















983120983154983151983158983145983140983141 983154983141983155983151983157983154983139983141983155 983142983151983154 983139983151983149983149983157983150983145983156 983161-983138983137983155983141983140 983151983154983143983137983150983145983162983137983156983145983151983150983155 983156983151 983137983140983140983154983141983155983155

983159983137983156983141983154 983145983155 983155983157983141983155 983137983150983140 983142983137983139983145983148 983145983156983137983156983141 983152983157983138983148983145983139 983152983137983154983156983145 983139983145983152983137983156983145983151983150








983109983155983156983137983138983148983145983155983144 983137 983150 983145983150983156983141983154 983137983143983141983150983139983161 983143983154983151983157983150983140983159983137983156983141983154 983152983154983151983156983141983139983156983145983151983150 983137 983150983140 983151983158983141983154 983155983145983143983144983156

983152983154983151983143983154983137983149










maintenance

983113983149983152983148983141983149983141983150983156 983150983141983159 983142983141983141983155 983137983150983140 983155983156983154983145983139983156983141983154 983142983145983150983141983155 983151983150 983140983145983155983139983144983137983154983143983141983154983155 983157983150983140983141983154 983156983144983141

983107983148983141983137 983150 983127983137983156983141983154 983105983139983156









983122983141983139983151983143983150983145983162983141 983156983144983141 983112983157983149983137983150 983122983145983143983144983156 983156983151 983127983137983156983141983154






983105983140983140983154983141983155983155 983139983154983145983156983145983139983137 983148 983141983150 983158983145983154 983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983146983157 983155983156983145983139983141 983145983155 983155983157983141983155 983159983145 983156983144 983137983152 983152983154 983151983152983154983145 983137983156983141

983142983141983140983141983154983137983148 983159983137983156983141983154 983142983157983150983140983145983150983143




















983108983145983154983141983139983156 983142983141983140983141983154 983137983148 983159983137983156983141983154-983154983141983148983137983156983141983140 983139983148983145983149983137983156983141 983139983144983137983150983143983141 983137 983140983137983152983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140

983149983145983156983145983143983137983156983145983151983150 983152983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983152983154983151983139983141983155983155983141983155 983156983151 983145983140983141983150983156983145983142983161 983137983150983140 983152983154 983151983156983141983139983156 983158983157983148983150983141983154983137983138983148983141

983139983151983149983149983157983150983145983156983145983141983155







munities


Law Review 10486291048629 10486259830889830971048629ndash10486251048625983094983088
























































September 983096















DC Island Press






orgstory10486259830929830941048629983092983088






htm






transitionhtml











tion Programs


























































































10486269830951048627ndash10486271048629983092






Foundation









(1048627) 10486259830941048629ndash1048625983095983092


(98309298309410486251048626) 98309510486251048627ndash9830951048625983096








Penguin Books






























104862510486261048629ndash10486259830921048626






tection Agency















watershed
























Protection Agency


Protection Agency

























ability Offi ce


ment 9830921048626 (S1048626) 1048625983097ndash1048626983095


Arizona



9830921048625983095



zation Association






983119983158983141983154983148983151983151983147983145983150983143 983148 983137983154983143983141 983155983151983157983154983139983141983155 983151983142 983139983151983150983156983137983149983145983150983137983156983145983151983150










Quality)



















983111983154983151983157983150983140983159983137983156983141983154 983152983154983151983156983141983139983156983145983151983150 983137 983143983148983137983154983145983150983143 983143983137983152















(EJCW 10486269830889830881048629 NEJAC 1048626983088983088983092)





















al 1048626983088983088983095)

983123983157983152983152983151983154983156983145983150983143 983156983144983141 983155983151983139983145983137 983148 983139983157983148983156983157983154983137983148 983137983150983140 983141983150983158 983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983158983137983148983157983141 983151983142 983159983137983156983141983154





















































983110983157983148983148983161 983145983150983156983141983143983154983137983156983141 983141983150983158983145983154 983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983146983157983155983156983145983139983141 983152983154983145983150983139983145983152983148983141983155 983145983150983156983151 983142983141983140983141983154983137 983148

983159983137983156983141983154-983154983141983148983137983156983141983140 983152983154983151983143983154983137983149 983155 983137983150 983140 983152983151 983148983145983139983145 983141983155


















983123983141983156 983152983154983145983151983154983145 983156983145983141983155 983142983151983154 983137983140983140983154983141983155983155983145983150983143 983159983137983156983141983154-983154983141983148983137983156983141983140 983141983150983158 983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983146983157983155983156983145983139983141 983145983155 983155983157983141983155















983107983151983148983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983141 983159983145983156983144 983155983156983137983156983141 983137983150983140 983148983151983139983137983148 983143983151983158983141983154983150983149983141983150983156983155 983156983151 983137983140983140983154983141983155983155

983159983137983156983141983154-983154983141983148983137983156983141983140 983141983150 983158983145983154 983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983146983157983155983156983145983139983141 983145983155 983155983157983141983155







tion process

983125983155983141 983139983157983149983157983148983137983156983145983158983141 983145983149983152983137983139983156 983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156983155 983145983150 983159983137983156983141983154 983152983154983151983146983141983139983156

983152983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983137983150983140 983152983141983154 983149983145983156983156983145983150983143 983139983151983150983155983145983140983141983154983137983156983145983151983150983155













983117983137983147983141 983159983137983156983141983154 983152983151983148983145983139983161 983137983150983140 983143983151983158983141983154983150983137983150983139983141 983140983141983139983145983155983145983151983150983155 983137983150983140 983152983151983148983145983139983145983141983155 983149983151983154983141

983137983139983139 983141983155983155983145983138983148983141 983137983150983140 983154983141983155983152983151983150983155983145 983158983141 983156983151 983139983151983149983149983157983150983145983156983161 983150983141983141983140983155















983120983154983151983158983145983140983141 983154983141983155983151983157983154983139983141983155 983142983151983154 983139983151983149983149983157983150983145983156 983161-983138983137983155983141983140 983151983154983143983137983150983145983162983137983156983145983151983150983155 983156983151 983137983140983140983154983141983155983155

983159983137983156983141983154 983145983155 983155983157983141983155 983137983150983140 983142983137983139983145983148 983145983156983137983156983141 983152983157983138983148983145983139 983152983137983154983156983145 983139983145983152983137983156983145983151983150








983109983155983156983137983138983148983145983155983144 983137 983150 983145983150983156983141983154 983137983143983141983150983139983161 983143983154983151983157983150983140983159983137983156983141983154 983152983154983151983156983141983139983156983145983151983150 983137 983150983140 983151983158983141983154 983155983145983143983144983156

983152983154983151983143983154983137983149










maintenance

983113983149983152983148983141983149983141983150983156 983150983141983159 983142983141983141983155 983137983150983140 983155983156983154983145983139983156983141983154 983142983145983150983141983155 983151983150 983140983145983155983139983144983137983154983143983141983154983155 983157983150983140983141983154 983156983144983141

983107983148983141983137 983150 983127983137983156983141983154 983105983139983156









983122983141983139983151983143983150983145983162983141 983156983144983141 983112983157983149983137983150 983122983145983143983144983156 983156983151 983127983137983156983141983154






983105983140983140983154983141983155983155 983139983154983145983156983145983139983137 983148 983141983150 983158983145983154 983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983146983157 983155983156983145983139983141 983145983155 983155983157983141983155 983159983145 983156983144 983137983152 983152983154 983151983152983154983145 983137983156983141

983142983141983140983141983154983137983148 983159983137983156983141983154 983142983157983150983140983145983150983143




















983108983145983154983141983139983156 983142983141983140983141983154 983137983148 983159983137983156983141983154-983154983141983148983137983156983141983140 983139983148983145983149983137983156983141 983139983144983137983150983143983141 983137 983140983137983152983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140

983149983145983156983145983143983137983156983145983151983150 983152983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983152983154983151983139983141983155983155983141983155 983156983151 983145983140983141983150983156983145983142983161 983137983150983140 983152983154 983151983156983141983139983156 983158983157983148983150983141983154983137983138983148983141

983139983151983149983149983157983150983145983156983145983141983155







munities


Law Review 10486291048629 10486259830889830971048629ndash10486251048625983094983088
























































September 983096















DC Island Press






orgstory10486259830929830941048629983092983088






htm






transitionhtml











tion Programs


























































































10486269830951048627ndash10486271048629983092






Foundation









(1048627) 10486259830941048629ndash1048625983095983092


(98309298309410486251048626) 98309510486251048627ndash9830951048625983096








Penguin Books






























104862510486261048629ndash10486259830921048626






tection Agency















watershed
























Protection Agency


Protection Agency

























ability Offi ce


ment 9830921048626 (S1048626) 1048625983097ndash1048626983095


Arizona



9830921048625983095



zation Association













(EJCW 10486269830889830881048629 NEJAC 1048626983088983088983092)





















al 1048626983088983088983095)

983123983157983152983152983151983154983156983145983150983143 983156983144983141 983155983151983139983145983137 983148 983139983157983148983156983157983154983137983148 983137983150983140 983141983150983158 983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983158983137983148983157983141 983151983142 983159983137983156983141983154





















































983110983157983148983148983161 983145983150983156983141983143983154983137983156983141 983141983150983158983145983154 983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983146983157983155983156983145983139983141 983152983154983145983150983139983145983152983148983141983155 983145983150983156983151 983142983141983140983141983154983137 983148

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983107983151983148983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983141 983159983145983156983144 983155983156983137983156983141 983137983150983140 983148983151983139983137983148 983143983151983158983141983154983150983149983141983150983156983155 983156983151 983137983140983140983154983141983155983155

983159983137983156983141983154-983154983141983148983137983156983141983140 983141983150 983158983145983154 983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983146983157983155983156983145983139983141 983145983155 983155983157983141983155







tion process

983125983155983141 983139983157983149983157983148983137983156983145983158983141 983145983149983152983137983139983156 983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156983155 983145983150 983159983137983156983141983154 983152983154983151983146983141983139983156

983152983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983137983150983140 983152983141983154 983149983145983156983156983145983150983143 983139983151983150983155983145983140983141983154983137983156983145983151983150983155













983117983137983147983141 983159983137983156983141983154 983152983151983148983145983139983161 983137983150983140 983143983151983158983141983154983150983137983150983139983141 983140983141983139983145983155983145983151983150983155 983137983150983140 983152983151983148983145983139983145983141983155 983149983151983154983141

983137983139983139 983141983155983155983145983138983148983141 983137983150983140 983154983141983155983152983151983150983155983145 983158983141 983156983151 983139983151983149983149983157983150983145983156983161 983150983141983141983140983155















983120983154983151983158983145983140983141 983154983141983155983151983157983154983139983141983155 983142983151983154 983139983151983149983149983157983150983145983156 983161-983138983137983155983141983140 983151983154983143983137983150983145983162983137983156983145983151983150983155 983156983151 983137983140983140983154983141983155983155

983159983137983156983141983154 983145983155 983155983157983141983155 983137983150983140 983142983137983139983145983148 983145983156983137983156983141 983152983157983138983148983145983139 983152983137983154983156983145 983139983145983152983137983156983145983151983150








983109983155983156983137983138983148983145983155983144 983137 983150 983145983150983156983141983154 983137983143983141983150983139983161 983143983154983151983157983150983140983159983137983156983141983154 983152983154983151983156983141983139983156983145983151983150 983137 983150983140 983151983158983141983154 983155983145983143983144983156

983152983154983151983143983154983137983149










maintenance

983113983149983152983148983141983149983141983150983156 983150983141983159 983142983141983141983155 983137983150983140 983155983156983154983145983139983156983141983154 983142983145983150983141983155 983151983150 983140983145983155983139983144983137983154983143983141983154983155 983157983150983140983141983154 983156983144983141

983107983148983141983137 983150 983127983137983156983141983154 983105983139983156









983122983141983139983151983143983150983145983162983141 983156983144983141 983112983157983149983137983150 983122983145983143983144983156 983156983151 983127983137983156983141983154






983105983140983140983154983141983155983155 983139983154983145983156983145983139983137 983148 983141983150 983158983145983154 983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983146983157 983155983156983145983139983141 983145983155 983155983157983141983155 983159983145 983156983144 983137983152 983152983154 983151983152983154983145 983137983156983141

983142983141983140983141983154983137983148 983159983137983156983141983154 983142983157983150983140983145983150983143




















983108983145983154983141983139983156 983142983141983140983141983154 983137983148 983159983137983156983141983154-983154983141983148983137983156983141983140 983139983148983145983149983137983156983141 983139983144983137983150983143983141 983137 983140983137983152983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140

983149983145983156983145983143983137983156983145983151983150 983152983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983152983154983151983139983141983155983155983141983155 983156983151 983145983140983141983150983156983145983142983161 983137983150983140 983152983154 983151983156983141983139983156 983158983157983148983150983141983154983137983138983148983141

983139983151983149983149983157983150983145983156983145983141983155







munities


Law Review 10486291048629 10486259830889830971048629ndash10486251048625983094983088
























































September 983096















DC Island Press






orgstory10486259830929830941048629983092983088






htm






transitionhtml











tion Programs


























































































10486269830951048627ndash10486271048629983092






Foundation









(1048627) 10486259830941048629ndash1048625983095983092


(98309298309410486251048626) 98309510486251048627ndash9830951048625983096








Penguin Books






























104862510486261048629ndash10486259830921048626






tection Agency















watershed
























Protection Agency


Protection Agency

























ability Offi ce


ment 9830921048626 (S1048626) 1048625983097ndash1048626983095


Arizona



9830921048625983095



zation Association











(EJCW 10486269830889830881048629 NEJAC 1048626983088983088983092)





















al 1048626983088983088983095)

983123983157983152983152983151983154983156983145983150983143 983156983144983141 983155983151983139983145983137 983148 983139983157983148983156983157983154983137983148 983137983150983140 983141983150983158 983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983158983137983148983157983141 983151983142 983159983137983156983141983154





















































983110983157983148983148983161 983145983150983156983141983143983154983137983156983141 983141983150983158983145983154 983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983146983157983155983156983145983139983141 983152983154983145983150983139983145983152983148983141983155 983145983150983156983151 983142983141983140983141983154983137 983148

983159983137983156983141983154-983154983141983148983137983156983141983140 983152983154983151983143983154983137983149 983155 983137983150 983140 983152983151 983148983145983139983145 983141983155


















983123983141983156 983152983154983145983151983154983145 983156983145983141983155 983142983151983154 983137983140983140983154983141983155983155983145983150983143 983159983137983156983141983154-983154983141983148983137983156983141983140 983141983150983158 983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983146983157983155983156983145983139983141 983145983155 983155983157983141983155















983107983151983148983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983141 983159983145983156983144 983155983156983137983156983141 983137983150983140 983148983151983139983137983148 983143983151983158983141983154983150983149983141983150983156983155 983156983151 983137983140983140983154983141983155983155

983159983137983156983141983154-983154983141983148983137983156983141983140 983141983150 983158983145983154 983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983146983157983155983156983145983139983141 983145983155 983155983157983141983155







tion process

983125983155983141 983139983157983149983157983148983137983156983145983158983141 983145983149983152983137983139983156 983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156983155 983145983150 983159983137983156983141983154 983152983154983151983146983141983139983156

983152983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983137983150983140 983152983141983154 983149983145983156983156983145983150983143 983139983151983150983155983145983140983141983154983137983156983145983151983150983155













983117983137983147983141 983159983137983156983141983154 983152983151983148983145983139983161 983137983150983140 983143983151983158983141983154983150983137983150983139983141 983140983141983139983145983155983145983151983150983155 983137983150983140 983152983151983148983145983139983145983141983155 983149983151983154983141

983137983139983139 983141983155983155983145983138983148983141 983137983150983140 983154983141983155983152983151983150983155983145 983158983141 983156983151 983139983151983149983149983157983150983145983156983161 983150983141983141983140983155















983120983154983151983158983145983140983141 983154983141983155983151983157983154983139983141983155 983142983151983154 983139983151983149983149983157983150983145983156 983161-983138983137983155983141983140 983151983154983143983137983150983145983162983137983156983145983151983150983155 983156983151 983137983140983140983154983141983155983155

983159983137983156983141983154 983145983155 983155983157983141983155 983137983150983140 983142983137983139983145983148 983145983156983137983156983141 983152983157983138983148983145983139 983152983137983154983156983145 983139983145983152983137983156983145983151983150








983109983155983156983137983138983148983145983155983144 983137 983150 983145983150983156983141983154 983137983143983141983150983139983161 983143983154983151983157983150983140983159983137983156983141983154 983152983154983151983156983141983139983156983145983151983150 983137 983150983140 983151983158983141983154 983155983145983143983144983156

983152983154983151983143983154983137983149










maintenance

983113983149983152983148983141983149983141983150983156 983150983141983159 983142983141983141983155 983137983150983140 983155983156983154983145983139983156983141983154 983142983145983150983141983155 983151983150 983140983145983155983139983144983137983154983143983141983154983155 983157983150983140983141983154 983156983144983141

983107983148983141983137 983150 983127983137983156983141983154 983105983139983156









983122983141983139983151983143983150983145983162983141 983156983144983141 983112983157983149983137983150 983122983145983143983144983156 983156983151 983127983137983156983141983154






983105983140983140983154983141983155983155 983139983154983145983156983145983139983137 983148 983141983150 983158983145983154 983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983146983157 983155983156983145983139983141 983145983155 983155983157983141983155 983159983145 983156983144 983137983152 983152983154 983151983152983154983145 983137983156983141

983142983141983140983141983154983137983148 983159983137983156983141983154 983142983157983150983140983145983150983143




















983108983145983154983141983139983156 983142983141983140983141983154 983137983148 983159983137983156983141983154-983154983141983148983137983156983141983140 983139983148983145983149983137983156983141 983139983144983137983150983143983141 983137 983140983137983152983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140

983149983145983156983145983143983137983156983145983151983150 983152983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983152983154983151983139983141983155983155983141983155 983156983151 983145983140983141983150983156983145983142983161 983137983150983140 983152983154 983151983156983141983139983156 983158983157983148983150983141983154983137983138983148983141

983139983151983149983149983157983150983145983156983145983141983155







munities


Law Review 10486291048629 10486259830889830971048629ndash10486251048625983094983088
























































September 983096















DC Island Press






orgstory10486259830929830941048629983092983088






htm






transitionhtml











tion Programs


























































































10486269830951048627ndash10486271048629983092






Foundation









(1048627) 10486259830941048629ndash1048625983095983092


(98309298309410486251048626) 98309510486251048627ndash9830951048625983096








Penguin Books






























104862510486261048629ndash10486259830921048626






tection Agency















watershed
























Protection Agency


Protection Agency

























ability Offi ce


ment 9830921048626 (S1048626) 1048625983097ndash1048626983095


Arizona



9830921048625983095



zation Association
















































983110983157983148983148983161 983145983150983156983141983143983154983137983156983141 983141983150983158983145983154 983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983146983157983155983156983145983139983141 983152983154983145983150983139983145983152983148983141983155 983145983150983156983151 983142983141983140983141983154983137 983148

983159983137983156983141983154-983154983141983148983137983156983141983140 983152983154983151983143983154983137983149 983155 983137983150 983140 983152983151 983148983145983139983145 983141983155


















983123983141983156 983152983154983145983151983154983145 983156983145983141983155 983142983151983154 983137983140983140983154983141983155983155983145983150983143 983159983137983156983141983154-983154983141983148983137983156983141983140 983141983150983158 983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983146983157983155983156983145983139983141 983145983155 983155983157983141983155















983107983151983148983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983141 983159983145983156983144 983155983156983137983156983141 983137983150983140 983148983151983139983137983148 983143983151983158983141983154983150983149983141983150983156983155 983156983151 983137983140983140983154983141983155983155

983159983137983156983141983154-983154983141983148983137983156983141983140 983141983150 983158983145983154 983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983146983157983155983156983145983139983141 983145983155 983155983157983141983155







tion process

983125983155983141 983139983157983149983157983148983137983156983145983158983141 983145983149983152983137983139983156 983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156983155 983145983150 983159983137983156983141983154 983152983154983151983146983141983139983156

983152983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983137983150983140 983152983141983154 983149983145983156983156983145983150983143 983139983151983150983155983145983140983141983154983137983156983145983151983150983155













983117983137983147983141 983159983137983156983141983154 983152983151983148983145983139983161 983137983150983140 983143983151983158983141983154983150983137983150983139983141 983140983141983139983145983155983145983151983150983155 983137983150983140 983152983151983148983145983139983145983141983155 983149983151983154983141

983137983139983139 983141983155983155983145983138983148983141 983137983150983140 983154983141983155983152983151983150983155983145 983158983141 983156983151 983139983151983149983149983157983150983145983156983161 983150983141983141983140983155















983120983154983151983158983145983140983141 983154983141983155983151983157983154983139983141983155 983142983151983154 983139983151983149983149983157983150983145983156 983161-983138983137983155983141983140 983151983154983143983137983150983145983162983137983156983145983151983150983155 983156983151 983137983140983140983154983141983155983155

983159983137983156983141983154 983145983155 983155983157983141983155 983137983150983140 983142983137983139983145983148 983145983156983137983156983141 983152983157983138983148983145983139 983152983137983154983156983145 983139983145983152983137983156983145983151983150








983109983155983156983137983138983148983145983155983144 983137 983150 983145983150983156983141983154 983137983143983141983150983139983161 983143983154983151983157983150983140983159983137983156983141983154 983152983154983151983156983141983139983156983145983151983150 983137 983150983140 983151983158983141983154 983155983145983143983144983156

983152983154983151983143983154983137983149










maintenance

983113983149983152983148983141983149983141983150983156 983150983141983159 983142983141983141983155 983137983150983140 983155983156983154983145983139983156983141983154 983142983145983150983141983155 983151983150 983140983145983155983139983144983137983154983143983141983154983155 983157983150983140983141983154 983156983144983141

983107983148983141983137 983150 983127983137983156983141983154 983105983139983156









983122983141983139983151983143983150983145983162983141 983156983144983141 983112983157983149983137983150 983122983145983143983144983156 983156983151 983127983137983156983141983154






983105983140983140983154983141983155983155 983139983154983145983156983145983139983137 983148 983141983150 983158983145983154 983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983146983157 983155983156983145983139983141 983145983155 983155983157983141983155 983159983145 983156983144 983137983152 983152983154 983151983152983154983145 983137983156983141

983142983141983140983141983154983137983148 983159983137983156983141983154 983142983157983150983140983145983150983143




















983108983145983154983141983139983156 983142983141983140983141983154 983137983148 983159983137983156983141983154-983154983141983148983137983156983141983140 983139983148983145983149983137983156983141 983139983144983137983150983143983141 983137 983140983137983152983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140

983149983145983156983145983143983137983156983145983151983150 983152983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983152983154983151983139983141983155983155983141983155 983156983151 983145983140983141983150983156983145983142983161 983137983150983140 983152983154 983151983156983141983139983156 983158983157983148983150983141983154983137983138983148983141

983139983151983149983149983157983150983145983156983145983141983155







munities


Law Review 10486291048629 10486259830889830971048629ndash10486251048625983094983088
























































September 983096















DC Island Press






orgstory10486259830929830941048629983092983088






htm






transitionhtml











tion Programs


























































































10486269830951048627ndash10486271048629983092






Foundation









(1048627) 10486259830941048629ndash1048625983095983092


(98309298309410486251048626) 98309510486251048627ndash9830951048625983096








Penguin Books






























104862510486261048629ndash10486259830921048626






tection Agency















watershed
























Protection Agency


Protection Agency

























ability Offi ce


ment 9830921048626 (S1048626) 1048625983097ndash1048626983095


Arizona



9830921048625983095



zation Association










983110983157983148983148983161 983145983150983156983141983143983154983137983156983141 983141983150983158983145983154 983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983146983157983155983156983145983139983141 983152983154983145983150983139983145983152983148983141983155 983145983150983156983151 983142983141983140983141983154983137 983148

983159983137983156983141983154-983154983141983148983137983156983141983140 983152983154983151983143983154983137983149 983155 983137983150 983140 983152983151 983148983145983139983145 983141983155


















983123983141983156 983152983154983145983151983154983145 983156983145983141983155 983142983151983154 983137983140983140983154983141983155983155983145983150983143 983159983137983156983141983154-983154983141983148983137983156983141983140 983141983150983158 983145983154983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983146983157983155983156983145983139983141 983145983155 983155983157983141983155















983107983151983148983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983141 983159983145983156983144 983155983156983137983156983141 983137983150983140 983148983151983139983137983148 983143983151983158983141983154983150983149983141983150983156983155 983156983151 983137983140983140983154983141983155983155

983159983137983156983141983154-983154983141983148983137983156983141983140 983141983150 983158983145983154 983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983146983157983155983156983145983139983141 983145983155 983155983157983141983155







tion process

983125983155983141 983139983157983149983157983148983137983156983145983158983141 983145983149983152983137983139983156 983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156983155 983145983150 983159983137983156983141983154 983152983154983151983146983141983139983156

983152983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983137983150983140 983152983141983154 983149983145983156983156983145983150983143 983139983151983150983155983145983140983141983154983137983156983145983151983150983155













983117983137983147983141 983159983137983156983141983154 983152983151983148983145983139983161 983137983150983140 983143983151983158983141983154983150983137983150983139983141 983140983141983139983145983155983145983151983150983155 983137983150983140 983152983151983148983145983139983145983141983155 983149983151983154983141

983137983139983139 983141983155983155983145983138983148983141 983137983150983140 983154983141983155983152983151983150983155983145 983158983141 983156983151 983139983151983149983149983157983150983145983156983161 983150983141983141983140983155















983120983154983151983158983145983140983141 983154983141983155983151983157983154983139983141983155 983142983151983154 983139983151983149983149983157983150983145983156 983161-983138983137983155983141983140 983151983154983143983137983150983145983162983137983156983145983151983150983155 983156983151 983137983140983140983154983141983155983155

983159983137983156983141983154 983145983155 983155983157983141983155 983137983150983140 983142983137983139983145983148 983145983156983137983156983141 983152983157983138983148983145983139 983152983137983154983156983145 983139983145983152983137983156983145983151983150








983109983155983156983137983138983148983145983155983144 983137 983150 983145983150983156983141983154 983137983143983141983150983139983161 983143983154983151983157983150983140983159983137983156983141983154 983152983154983151983156983141983139983156983145983151983150 983137 983150983140 983151983158983141983154 983155983145983143983144983156

983152983154983151983143983154983137983149










maintenance

983113983149983152983148983141983149983141983150983156 983150983141983159 983142983141983141983155 983137983150983140 983155983156983154983145983139983156983141983154 983142983145983150983141983155 983151983150 983140983145983155983139983144983137983154983143983141983154983155 983157983150983140983141983154 983156983144983141

983107983148983141983137 983150 983127983137983156983141983154 983105983139983156









983122983141983139983151983143983150983145983162983141 983156983144983141 983112983157983149983137983150 983122983145983143983144983156 983156983151 983127983137983156983141983154






983105983140983140983154983141983155983155 983139983154983145983156983145983139983137 983148 983141983150 983158983145983154 983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983146983157 983155983156983145983139983141 983145983155 983155983157983141983155 983159983145 983156983144 983137983152 983152983154 983151983152983154983145 983137983156983141

983142983141983140983141983154983137983148 983159983137983156983141983154 983142983157983150983140983145983150983143




















983108983145983154983141983139983156 983142983141983140983141983154 983137983148 983159983137983156983141983154-983154983141983148983137983156983141983140 983139983148983145983149983137983156983141 983139983144983137983150983143983141 983137 983140983137983152983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140

983149983145983156983145983143983137983156983145983151983150 983152983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983152983154983151983139983141983155983155983141983155 983156983151 983145983140983141983150983156983145983142983161 983137983150983140 983152983154 983151983156983141983139983156 983158983157983148983150983141983154983137983138983148983141

983139983151983149983149983157983150983145983156983145983141983155







munities


Law Review 10486291048629 10486259830889830971048629ndash10486251048625983094983088
























































September 983096















DC Island Press






orgstory10486259830929830941048629983092983088






htm






transitionhtml











tion Programs


























































































10486269830951048627ndash10486271048629983092






Foundation









(1048627) 10486259830941048629ndash1048625983095983092


(98309298309410486251048626) 98309510486251048627ndash9830951048625983096








Penguin Books






























104862510486261048629ndash10486259830921048626






tection Agency















watershed
























Protection Agency


Protection Agency

























ability Offi ce


ment 9830921048626 (S1048626) 1048625983097ndash1048626983095


Arizona



9830921048625983095



zation Association









983107983151983148983148983137983138983151983154983137983156983141 983159983145983156983144 983155983156983137983156983141 983137983150983140 983148983151983139983137983148 983143983151983158983141983154983150983149983141983150983156983155 983156983151 983137983140983140983154983141983155983155

983159983137983156983141983154-983154983141983148983137983156983141983140 983141983150 983158983145983154 983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983146983157983155983156983145983139983141 983145983155 983155983157983141983155







tion process

983125983155983141 983139983157983149983157983148983137983156983145983158983141 983145983149983152983137983139983156 983137983155983155983141983155983155983149983141983150983156983155 983145983150 983159983137983156983141983154 983152983154983151983146983141983139983156

983152983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983137983150983140 983152983141983154 983149983145983156983156983145983150983143 983139983151983150983155983145983140983141983154983137983156983145983151983150983155













983117983137983147983141 983159983137983156983141983154 983152983151983148983145983139983161 983137983150983140 983143983151983158983141983154983150983137983150983139983141 983140983141983139983145983155983145983151983150983155 983137983150983140 983152983151983148983145983139983145983141983155 983149983151983154983141

983137983139983139 983141983155983155983145983138983148983141 983137983150983140 983154983141983155983152983151983150983155983145 983158983141 983156983151 983139983151983149983149983157983150983145983156983161 983150983141983141983140983155















983120983154983151983158983145983140983141 983154983141983155983151983157983154983139983141983155 983142983151983154 983139983151983149983149983157983150983145983156 983161-983138983137983155983141983140 983151983154983143983137983150983145983162983137983156983145983151983150983155 983156983151 983137983140983140983154983141983155983155

983159983137983156983141983154 983145983155 983155983157983141983155 983137983150983140 983142983137983139983145983148 983145983156983137983156983141 983152983157983138983148983145983139 983152983137983154983156983145 983139983145983152983137983156983145983151983150








983109983155983156983137983138983148983145983155983144 983137 983150 983145983150983156983141983154 983137983143983141983150983139983161 983143983154983151983157983150983140983159983137983156983141983154 983152983154983151983156983141983139983156983145983151983150 983137 983150983140 983151983158983141983154 983155983145983143983144983156

983152983154983151983143983154983137983149










maintenance

983113983149983152983148983141983149983141983150983156 983150983141983159 983142983141983141983155 983137983150983140 983155983156983154983145983139983156983141983154 983142983145983150983141983155 983151983150 983140983145983155983139983144983137983154983143983141983154983155 983157983150983140983141983154 983156983144983141

983107983148983141983137 983150 983127983137983156983141983154 983105983139983156









983122983141983139983151983143983150983145983162983141 983156983144983141 983112983157983149983137983150 983122983145983143983144983156 983156983151 983127983137983156983141983154






983105983140983140983154983141983155983155 983139983154983145983156983145983139983137 983148 983141983150 983158983145983154 983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983146983157 983155983156983145983139983141 983145983155 983155983157983141983155 983159983145 983156983144 983137983152 983152983154 983151983152983154983145 983137983156983141

983142983141983140983141983154983137983148 983159983137983156983141983154 983142983157983150983140983145983150983143




















983108983145983154983141983139983156 983142983141983140983141983154 983137983148 983159983137983156983141983154-983154983141983148983137983156983141983140 983139983148983145983149983137983156983141 983139983144983137983150983143983141 983137 983140983137983152983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140

983149983145983156983145983143983137983156983145983151983150 983152983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983152983154983151983139983141983155983155983141983155 983156983151 983145983140983141983150983156983145983142983161 983137983150983140 983152983154 983151983156983141983139983156 983158983157983148983150983141983154983137983138983148983141

983139983151983149983149983157983150983145983156983145983141983155







munities


Law Review 10486291048629 10486259830889830971048629ndash10486251048625983094983088
























































September 983096















DC Island Press






orgstory10486259830929830941048629983092983088






htm






transitionhtml











tion Programs


























































































10486269830951048627ndash10486271048629983092






Foundation









(1048627) 10486259830941048629ndash1048625983095983092


(98309298309410486251048626) 98309510486251048627ndash9830951048625983096








Penguin Books






























104862510486261048629ndash10486259830921048626






tection Agency















watershed
























Protection Agency


Protection Agency

























ability Offi ce


ment 9830921048626 (S1048626) 1048625983097ndash1048626983095


Arizona



9830921048625983095



zation Association













983120983154983151983158983145983140983141 983154983141983155983151983157983154983139983141983155 983142983151983154 983139983151983149983149983157983150983145983156 983161-983138983137983155983141983140 983151983154983143983137983150983145983162983137983156983145983151983150983155 983156983151 983137983140983140983154983141983155983155

983159983137983156983141983154 983145983155 983155983157983141983155 983137983150983140 983142983137983139983145983148 983145983156983137983156983141 983152983157983138983148983145983139 983152983137983154983156983145 983139983145983152983137983156983145983151983150








983109983155983156983137983138983148983145983155983144 983137 983150 983145983150983156983141983154 983137983143983141983150983139983161 983143983154983151983157983150983140983159983137983156983141983154 983152983154983151983156983141983139983156983145983151983150 983137 983150983140 983151983158983141983154 983155983145983143983144983156

983152983154983151983143983154983137983149










maintenance

983113983149983152983148983141983149983141983150983156 983150983141983159 983142983141983141983155 983137983150983140 983155983156983154983145983139983156983141983154 983142983145983150983141983155 983151983150 983140983145983155983139983144983137983154983143983141983154983155 983157983150983140983141983154 983156983144983141

983107983148983141983137 983150 983127983137983156983141983154 983105983139983156









983122983141983139983151983143983150983145983162983141 983156983144983141 983112983157983149983137983150 983122983145983143983144983156 983156983151 983127983137983156983141983154






983105983140983140983154983141983155983155 983139983154983145983156983145983139983137 983148 983141983150 983158983145983154 983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983146983157 983155983156983145983139983141 983145983155 983155983157983141983155 983159983145 983156983144 983137983152 983152983154 983151983152983154983145 983137983156983141

983142983141983140983141983154983137983148 983159983137983156983141983154 983142983157983150983140983145983150983143




















983108983145983154983141983139983156 983142983141983140983141983154 983137983148 983159983137983156983141983154-983154983141983148983137983156983141983140 983139983148983145983149983137983156983141 983139983144983137983150983143983141 983137 983140983137983152983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140

983149983145983156983145983143983137983156983145983151983150 983152983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983152983154983151983139983141983155983155983141983155 983156983151 983145983140983141983150983156983145983142983161 983137983150983140 983152983154 983151983156983141983139983156 983158983157983148983150983141983154983137983138983148983141

983139983151983149983149983157983150983145983156983145983141983155







munities


Law Review 10486291048629 10486259830889830971048629ndash10486251048625983094983088
























































September 983096















DC Island Press






orgstory10486259830929830941048629983092983088






htm






transitionhtml











tion Programs


























































































10486269830951048627ndash10486271048629983092






Foundation









(1048627) 10486259830941048629ndash1048625983095983092


(98309298309410486251048626) 98309510486251048627ndash9830951048625983096








Penguin Books






























104862510486261048629ndash10486259830921048626






tection Agency















watershed
























Protection Agency


Protection Agency

























ability Offi ce


ment 9830921048626 (S1048626) 1048625983097ndash1048626983095


Arizona



9830921048625983095



zation Association










983122983141983139983151983143983150983145983162983141 983156983144983141 983112983157983149983137983150 983122983145983143983144983156 983156983151 983127983137983156983141983154






983105983140983140983154983141983155983155 983139983154983145983156983145983139983137 983148 983141983150 983158983145983154 983151983150983149983141983150983156983137983148 983146983157 983155983156983145983139983141 983145983155 983155983157983141983155 983159983145 983156983144 983137983152 983152983154 983151983152983154983145 983137983156983141

983142983141983140983141983154983137983148 983159983137983156983141983154 983142983157983150983140983145983150983143




















983108983145983154983141983139983156 983142983141983140983141983154 983137983148 983159983137983156983141983154-983154983141983148983137983156983141983140 983139983148983145983149983137983156983141 983139983144983137983150983143983141 983137 983140983137983152983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140

983149983145983156983145983143983137983156983145983151983150 983152983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983152983154983151983139983141983155983155983141983155 983156983151 983145983140983141983150983156983145983142983161 983137983150983140 983152983154 983151983156983141983139983156 983158983157983148983150983141983154983137983138983148983141

983139983151983149983149983157983150983145983156983145983141983155







munities


Law Review 10486291048629 10486259830889830971048629ndash10486251048625983094983088
























































September 983096















DC Island Press






orgstory10486259830929830941048629983092983088






htm






transitionhtml











tion Programs


























































































10486269830951048627ndash10486271048629983092






Foundation









(1048627) 10486259830941048629ndash1048625983095983092


(98309298309410486251048626) 98309510486251048627ndash9830951048625983096








Penguin Books






























104862510486261048629ndash10486259830921048626






tection Agency















watershed
























Protection Agency


Protection Agency

























ability Offi ce


ment 9830921048626 (S1048626) 1048625983097ndash1048626983095


Arizona



9830921048625983095



zation Association






983108983145983154983141983139983156 983142983141983140983141983154 983137983148 983159983137983156983141983154-983154983141983148983137983156983141983140 983139983148983145983149983137983156983141 983139983144983137983150983143983141 983137 983140983137983152983156983145983151983150 983137983150983140

983149983145983156983145983143983137983156983145983151983150 983152983148983137983150983150983145983150983143 983152983154983151983139983141983155983155983141983155 983156983151 983145983140983141983150983156983145983142983161 983137983150983140 983152983154 983151983156983141983139983156 983158983157983148983150983141983154983137983138983148983141

983139983151983149983149983157983150983145983156983145983141983155







munities


Law Review 10486291048629 10486259830889830971048629ndash10486251048625983094983088
























































September 983096















DC Island Press






orgstory10486259830929830941048629983092983088






htm






transitionhtml











tion Programs


























































































10486269830951048627ndash10486271048629983092






Foundation









(1048627) 10486259830941048629ndash1048625983095983092


(98309298309410486251048626) 98309510486251048627ndash9830951048625983096








Penguin Books






























104862510486261048629ndash10486259830921048626






tection Agency















watershed
























Protection Agency


Protection Agency

























ability Offi ce


ment 9830921048626 (S1048626) 1048625983097ndash1048626983095


Arizona



9830921048625983095



zation Association


































September 983096















DC Island Press






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(1048627) 10486259830941048629ndash1048625983095983092


(98309298309410486251048626) 98309510486251048627ndash9830951048625983096








Penguin Books






























104862510486261048629ndash10486259830921048626






tection Agency















watershed
























Protection Agency


Protection Agency

























ability Offi ce


ment 9830921048626 (S1048626) 1048625983097ndash1048626983095


Arizona



9830921048625983095



zation Association








DC Island Press






orgstory10486259830929830941048629983092983088






htm






transitionhtml











tion Programs


























































































10486269830951048627ndash10486271048629983092






Foundation









(1048627) 10486259830941048629ndash1048625983095983092


(98309298309410486251048626) 98309510486251048627ndash9830951048625983096








Penguin Books






























104862510486261048629ndash10486259830921048626






tection Agency















watershed
























Protection Agency


Protection Agency

























ability Offi ce


ment 9830921048626 (S1048626) 1048625983097ndash1048626983095


Arizona



9830921048625983095



zation Association




















































































10486269830951048627ndash10486271048629983092






Foundation









(1048627) 10486259830941048629ndash1048625983095983092


(98309298309410486251048626) 98309510486251048627ndash9830951048625983096








Penguin Books






























104862510486261048629ndash10486259830921048626






tection Agency















watershed
























Protection Agency


Protection Agency

























ability Offi ce


ment 9830921048626 (S1048626) 1048625983097ndash1048626983095


Arizona



9830921048625983095



zation Association









































10486269830951048627ndash10486271048629983092






Foundation









(1048627) 10486259830941048629ndash1048625983095983092


(98309298309410486251048626) 98309510486251048627ndash9830951048625983096








Penguin Books






























104862510486261048629ndash10486259830921048626






tection Agency















watershed
























Protection Agency


Protection Agency

























ability Offi ce


ment 9830921048626 (S1048626) 1048625983097ndash1048626983095


Arizona



9830921048625983095



zation Association







































10486269830951048627ndash10486271048629983092






Foundation









(1048627) 10486259830941048629ndash1048625983095983092


(98309298309410486251048626) 98309510486251048627ndash9830951048625983096








Penguin Books






























104862510486261048629ndash10486259830921048626






tection Agency















watershed
























Protection Agency


Protection Agency

























ability Offi ce


ment 9830921048626 (S1048626) 1048625983097ndash1048626983095


Arizona



9830921048625983095



zation Association











(1048627) 10486259830941048629ndash1048625983095983092


(98309298309410486251048626) 98309510486251048627ndash9830951048625983096








Penguin Books






























104862510486261048629ndash10486259830921048626






tection Agency















watershed
























Protection Agency


Protection Agency

























ability Offi ce


ment 9830921048626 (S1048626) 1048625983097ndash1048626983095


Arizona



9830921048625983095



zation Association







104862510486261048629ndash10486259830921048626






tection Agency















watershed
























Protection Agency


Protection Agency

























ability Offi ce


ment 9830921048626 (S1048626) 1048625983097ndash1048626983095


Arizona



9830921048625983095



zation Association








Protection Agency


Protection Agency

























ability Offi ce


ment 9830921048626 (S1048626) 1048625983097ndash1048626983095


Arizona



9830921048625983095



zation Association





Documents

Water and Environmental Justice Ch33