Waste management in Nepal

7/24/2019 Waste management in Nepal

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1) Domestic (communal) organic waste: Organic waste means

separate collected fruit and vegetable wastes, ower soil, owers,

eggshells, coee and tee lters and other organic leftovers. The

percentage of dry matter varies between 10 and 0 !.2) Liquid or solid manure: Liquid or solid manure from animal farming is one

of the main substrates for the digestion process. Cow manure is best, whereas

chicken manure for example has a high output, but might contain sand. The dry

matter of solid manure varies between 1 and !"# and of liquid manure between

and $ #.3) Energy crops: "nergy crops are primarily cultivated on otherwise

disused elds, such as corn, #udan grass, millet, white sweet$clover.

Percentage of waste per household:The waste composition analysis

indicates that the highest waste fraction is organic matter%&&!', followed byplastics %1(!', paper and paper products %)!', others %*!', and glass

(3%). Metal, textiles, and rubber and leather each accounted for 2% or less.

The high organic

content indicates a need for fre+uent collection and removal, as well as good

prospects for

organic waste resource recovery. The content of maor reusable and

recyclable materials %i.e.,

plastic, paper and paper products, metal, glass, rubber and leather, and

te-tiles' comprised

()! on average.

!"#$P%!"&%#

1' eography

/epal is a country which lies between the southern part of the imalayas,

bordering with ndia in the south and 2hina in the north. There are three

main ecological regions in this country, including The Terai region, The 3id$

ill region and The 3ountain regions. %eography, (01('


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#andi4hola village is located in the or4ha district which is appro-imately

5(4m northwest from the capital of 6athmundu and around 1&4m southeast

from the great city of or4ha. t is also possible to access this village from

either 6urintar %about 54m from northeast' or 7haratpur %appro-imately8(4m from northeast.

. Transportation in /epal

There are several means of transport in /epal, including car and motorcycle,

bus and tram, ta-i and airplane. %etting around, (01('

n /epal, tourists cannot rent a car to drive by themselves, but they can

easily rent a car with a driver, with a cost at around 9#:*0 per day. n

addition, motorcycle can be rented in 6athmandu and ;o4hara for around c. They?re

narrow$gauge trains and very slow. owever, there is not any train station in

#andi4hola

/epal has a fairly e-tensive domestic air networ4, served by half a do@en

airlines.


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Aarger towns such as 6athmandu and ;o4hara have ta-is which, between a

group of people, can be a good way to e-plore the 6athmandu Balley. Ta-i

meters are sometimes out of date, in which case tourists will be hard pushed

to convince drivers to use them %with or without a surcharge' and will almost

certainly have to negotiate the fare in advance.

. Transport in #andi4hola

n #andi4hola, the roads are compacted and wal4ways are either made out of

stone or compacted earth. #andi4hola is accessible by road, however the

road conditions create signicant transportation challenges, especially during

the rainy season. The road is shared two$ways by vehicles and livestoc4 and

e-tremely steep and narrow.

One can access the community by public transportation by ta4ing two

dierent local buses and a wal4ing bridge %C& hours from the maor city of

7haratpur' or one local bus and wal4ing %C1D( hour bus ride and &$E hour

wal4 from 7haratpur if there is a stri4e'. #tri4es, or bandhs, are common in

/epal and most services such as transportation will cease to run for the

duration of the stri4e.

The rainy season causes many road problems such as landslides and road

bridges being washed out. #heep, goats, mules and ya4s are all used totransport goods to the hill and plain areas. 2urrently animal and human

waste is a problem, as there are large amounts of manure on the roads.

3anual labour is also readily used and is a common option when vehicles can

be used. 2hildren will often wal4 between 1 F hours a day to the

community for school %grades 1$', depending on what neighbouring village.

There is another school %grades 8$10' 1$hour wal4 roundtrip that provides

additional education for villages in the area. There are many wal4ing bridges

in the region and there is a over$river pulley system that is eective when

needing to transport good into #andi4hola from areas separated by rivers,

such as 7haratpur.

2ollection of solid waste for biogas productionG


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ouses will be provided with waste collection sac4s to collect organic waste.

The villagers will dump any waste food products into these sac4s provided.

The collected waste will be carried to the biogas tan4 where the waste will be

dumped.

2ollection and use of slurryG

Hfter the organic waste has been converted into slurry the slurry will be

collected into buc4ets and used as manure for crops. t can be applied

directly to plants without any other methods saving time, ma4ing the biogas

production environment friendly.

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Waste management in Nepal