WarmUp #5: Part A

• Read “The Inside Story” of Buddhism on pg. 103.

• Answer the corresponding question.

WarmUp #5: Part B

• Using pg. 104 (“Early Life” & “The Buddha’s Enlightenment”), visually record at least 4 scenes in the life of Buddha.

• The scenes must follow the life of Buddha in chronological order.

Origins of Buddhism• founded by Siddhartha

Gautama– the Buddha = enlightened

one

• believed suffering caused by attachment to things

• when get rid of attachment reach wisdom (bodhi)

• need wisdom to reach nirvana: ultimate reality– perfect peace & free from

suffering

Teachings of Buddhism• 4 Noble Truths:

– ordinary life is full of suffering – suffering caused by desire to satisfy self – end suffering by ending desire for selfish goals – way to end desire is to follow Eightfold (Middle) Path

• Eightfold (Middle) Path: 1) right view, 2) right intention, 3) right speech, 4) right action, 5) right livelihood, 6) right effort, 7) right mindfulness, 8) right concentration

• ethicalist religion: no gods/goddesses• anyone can reach nirvana at any time (no caste system)• if don’t reach nirvana in this life → reincarnation• 3 main forms of Buddhism:

– Theravada– Mahayana– Tibetan (Dalai Lama)

• mostly in East & Southeast Asia

• The Divisions of Buddhism Read pg. 106 & describe the differences

between the 3 sects within Buddhism:1) Theravada

2) Mahayana

3) Tibetan

Ancient China

Shang Dynasty• technically Xia 1st dynasty (mostly

myth)• 1750-1122 BC: Shang farming

community w/ aristocracy = upper class where wealth based on land ownership)

• believed in afterlife & spirits• worshiped ancestors & used oracle

bones to know future• bronze casting: most important art

form• collapsed b/c of immoral leadership

Zhou Dynasty

• 1045-256 BC

• believed Heaven was highest spirit/force

• Heaven ruled on Earth through a just leader…& whoever had power had the support of Heaven (Mandate of Heaven)

• ruler had to rule well to keep Mandate– could lose Mandate based on poor rule

• led to the cycle of dynastic change

Cycle of Dynastic Change

dynasty rules successfully

central govt. begins tonew dynasty collapsegains power

rebellions & invasions

dynasty collapses

Zhou Dynasty (cntd)

• family = basic social unit (very important!)

• filial piety: the good of the family is more important than good of the individual

• patriarchal society

• pictographic language

• ended with the Period of the Warring States (civil war)

In-Class Reading

• Read pg. 112-113 & answer the questions on Confucius & Lao Tzu– Your textbook will refer to him as Laozi

• Who were these men?

• What did they believe?

Confucianism

• founded by followers of Confucius (Kongfuzi)

• wrote his ideas in the Analects

• dismayed by moral decay• emphasized 2 things:

duty & humanity• duty: individual governed

by good of community– live by 5 Constant

Relationships• Humanity: government

open to everyone based on talent

Daoism

• based on teachings of Lao Tzu

• wrote Dao De Jing (Way of the Dao)

• true way to follow Heaven is inaction

• emphasized spontaneity

• balance (yin & yang)

The Way of Life (Dao de Jing)

Moral taught?

• 76- Men are born soft and supple;dead, they are stiff and hard.Plants are born tender and pliant;dead, they are brittle and dry.

Thus whoever is stiff and inflexibleis a disciple of death.Whoever is soft and yieldingis a disciple of life.

The hard and stiff will be broken.The soft and supple will prevail.

Moral taught?

• 78- Under heaven nothing is more soft and yielding than water.Yet for attacking the solid and strong, nothing is better;It has no equal.The weak can overcome the strong;The supple can overcome the stiff.Under heaven everyone knows this,Yet no one puts it into practice.Therefore the sage says:     He who takes upon himself the humiliation of the people          is fit to rule them.     He who takes upon himself the country's disasters deserves          to be king of the universe.The truth often seems paradoxical.

Legalism

• believed humans are evil by nature

• will only follow right path through strict laws & harsh punishments

Qin Dynasty/Empire

• Qin Shi Huangdi: ruler who conquered empire

• believed in Legalism• regime had 3 parts

– military– civil (all non-military)– censorate: spied on

people in other 2 parts

Qin Empire (ctnd)

• disconnected walls built to keep out northern nomads

• Qin Shi Huangdi ordered walls connected to form Great Wall

• many died from brutal conditions, buried in wall

• for his tomb had army of terra cotta (clay) soldiers made to guard him after death

Han Dynasty

• 202 BC – 220 AD: founded by peasant Liu Bang (Han Gaozu)– exalted emperor of the Han

• Confucianism: basis for government– civil service exam so

government jobs based on merit, not favor

• kept the 3 divisions of government from Qin

• part of Silk Road with Roman Empire

• eventually collapsed b/c of corrupt rulers

Judaism Buddhism Hinduism Confucianism

Key concepts

Founder(s)

Name of deity(-es)

Holy book(s)

Religious symbols

Comparing Religions