Polk County Soils and Crops

Conference - Bolivar, MO

4/17/2012

1

Energy Efficiency and Fuel Conservation for

Home & Farm

Bob Schultheis

Natural Resource Engineering Specialist

2

The Money Bottom Line

“You’re not actually

saving any money until

you have recaptured the

money you spent to do

the energy measure.”

3

Where to Start

� No one thing will magically cut energy expenses a lot

� Many little things all add up to greatly-reduced costs

� Calculate the “life-cycle cost”

� Cost of installation + cost of operation over lifetime

� Concentrate first on no-cost / low-cost

options that offer biggest savings

4

Homes

5

Direct Energy Use - Household

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45

Misc.

Lighting

Refrigeration

Cooking

Water Heating

Heating & A/C

Automobile

Percent of Total6

Basic Rule of Heat Transfer

Heat always flows from a

warmer area to a colder area

HOT COLD

Polk County Soils and Crops

Conference - Bolivar, MO

4/17/2012

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7

Four Types of Heat Loss

� Conduction = heat transfer through solids

� 6 inches of fiberglass = 8 feet of brick

� Convection = heat transfer through liquids & gases

� 1/8” door gap = 6” round hole

� Radiation = heat transfer w/o solids, liquids or gases

� Example: Warming by sunlight

� Ventilation = for health, moisture control

� 30-50% R.H. indoors is ideal

8

Home Heat Loss Example

Infiltration

37%

Walls

15%

Ceiling

11%

Floor

21%Glass

13%

Doors

3%

1500 sq. ft. home with crawl space

R-19

R-30

R-13R-1.6

R-3.2

9

Seal Out the “Stack Effect”

10

What You Can Do NOW to Save $$

The $100 solution for your home = PLUG THE HOLES

Caulking

Weatherstrip

Water heater insulation blanket

Expandable foam

Foil duct tape

Outletinsulators

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Weatherize Against Infiltration

� Wiring, pipe & duct penetrations in attic,under floor & through walls

� Caulking where dissimilar materials meet

� Weatherstripping doors, windows & sills

� Outlet insulators on exterior walls

� Vapor barriers

� 20 GPD evaporates fromcrawl space into air of1400 sq.ft. home

� Install 4-6 mil plastic on“warm-in-winter” side

12

Installing Outlet Insulators

1. Before 2. Cover removed 3. Gasket to install

4. Gasket installed 5. Cover replaced & plugs added

Polk County Soils and Crops

Conference - Bolivar, MO

4/17/2012

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Air Ducts

� HVAC ductwork

� Caulk & tape joints = save upto 20% of ventilation heat loss

� Don’t use cloth duct tape!

� Insulate metal ductsto R-3 to R-6

14

Insulate Against Heat Loss

Photo credit: http://www.california.com/~positivenergy/xina/graphics/blanket.gif

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Water Heaters

� Water heaters

� Insulate if warmto the touch

� Set temperature to120°F-135°F

� 3-5% savings for each10°F reduction

� Use thermal trap oninlet/outlet

� Insulate water linesfirst 2 feet

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R-Value

� Definition: A measure of a material’s abilityto resist the flow of heat

� Higher values = less heat flow

� Buying R-Value

� “Material” basis vs. “Installed” basis

� Compute R-Value cost per inch

17

How Much Insulation for MO?

Source: U.S. Department of Energy (http://www.energystar.gov)

� Attics = R-49

� Cathedral ceilings = R-38

� Walls = R-18

� Floor over crawl space = R-25

� Crawl space wall = R-19 (if conditioned)

� Slab edge = R-8

� Basement wall = R-11 (interior)= R-10 (exterior)

18

R-Value of a Wall Section

Polk County Soils and Crops

Conference - Bolivar, MO

4/17/2012

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Attic Ventilation

� DON’T cover attic vents to save heat

� 1 sq.ft. free-vent area (FVA) per 150 sq.ft.of attic area

� Screens reduce FVA by 50%

� Split FVA equallybetween eaves & ridge

� Allow 1½” air spacebetween insulation& roof

20

Crawl Space Moisture Control

� DON’T cover foundation vents to save heat

� 1 sq.ft. FVA per 450 sq.ft. of crawl space

21

Window Treatments

Type of Treatment R-value

Single glazing, bare 0.8 to 1.0

Double glazing, bare 1.8 to 2.0

Single glazing, loose drapery 1.1

Double glazing, pulled shade 2.05

Double glazing, sealed drapery 2.35

Double glazing, insulated shutters 9.50 or more

Double glazing, insulated quilt, 1 layer polyester fiberfill 4.55

Double glazing, insulated quilt, 3 layers polyester fiberfill 6.75

Source: MU Guide GH2815 Shades and Shutters for Energy Efficiency 22

Comparing Light Bulbs

� Watt = amount of energy used

� Lumen = amount of light produced

� CFLs vs. Incandescents

� Cost 4X more; ¼ as much to use

� Last up to 10X longer

Incandescent Bulb (watts)

Fluorescent Bulb(watts)

Light Output (lumens)

40 10 450

60 15 800

75 20 1100

100 26 1600

150 28 2600

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How America Stays Warm

NaturalGas52% Electricity

31%

Heating Oil9%

6%

Propane

Wood & Other: 2%

Sources: American Gas Association, Energy Information Administration

24

Renewable Energy Consumptionby Major Sources, 2010

Source: Energy Information Administration-- www.eia.gov/renewable/annual/preliminary

Polk County Soils and Crops

Conference - Bolivar, MO

4/17/2012

5

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Which Heating Fuel Source is the Best?

Fuel Type Selling Unit Avg. Efficiency, %

Electricity KwH 100-280

Natural gas CCF (therm) 65

LP (propane) gas Gallon 65-80

Wood Cord 15-60

Wood pellets Ton 80

Corn (shelled) Bushel 80

Fuel oil Gallon 60

Kerosene Gallon 85

Coal Ton 60

Biomass Ton 4026

Standard Heating Unit (SHU)

� One SHU = 100,000 BTUs

� Cost per SHU= Fuel cost x _______100,000____________

(Heat Content x Avg.Sys. Eff.)

� LP (propane) gas = $1.56/gal x _____100,000_____ (91,000 BTUs x 0.65)

= $2.64 per SHU

� Electricity = $0.09/KwH x _____100,000____(3413 BTUs x 1.00)

= $2.64 per SHU

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How They Rank Now (4/15/12)

Heating System Fuel Cost Cost per SHU

Air-tight stove - dry red oak $ 140 / cord $ 0.92

Geothermal heat pump $ 0.09 / KwH $ 0.94

Pellet stove - wood pellets $ 190 / ton $ 1.45

Air-to-air electric heat pump $ 0.09 / KwH $ 1.60

Biomass burner $ 100 / ton $ 1.74

Pellet stove - shelled corn $ 6.24 / bushel $ 1.99

Natural gas forced-air furnace $ 1.32 / therm $ 2.03

LP gas H.E. forced-air furnace $ 1.89 / gallon $ 2.60

Electric resistance heat $ 0.09 / KwH $ 2.64

LP gas older forced-air furnace $ 1.89 / gallon $ 3.20

Forced-air furnace - #2 fuel oil $ 3.84 / gallon $ 4.62

Less

More

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U.S. Net Petroleum Import Sources, 2010

www.eia.gov/energyexplained/index.cfm?page=oil_imports

Canada + Mexico + Venezuela = 44%

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Finding a Quick 20% Fuel Reduction

Source: http://fueleconomy.gov

Change maximum speed limit from70 MPH to 60 MPH(10% less fuel for each 5 MPH over 60)

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Maxing Out Your Gas MPG 1

� Tune up engine; replace air & fuel filters regularly

� 4% less MPG if not maintained

� Use recommended engine oil & fuel

� Inflate tires to max on sidewall

� Reduces rolling resistance

� 5% less MPG if underinflated

� Drive vehicle with fewest engine cylinders

� Wax it; keep windows up

� Reduces wind resistance

For more information, see http://fueleconomy.gov

Photo credit: www.aa1car.com

Polk County Soils and Crops

Conference - Bolivar, MO

4/17/2012

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Maxing Out Your Gas MPG 2

� Cut out excess weight

� 2% less MPG for every 100 lbs.

� No fast starts/stops

� 33% less MPG on highway;5% less MPG in town)

� Get engine warm beforeshutting it off

� Get into high gear

� Usually about 30-35 MPH

� Avoid E85 for FFVs unless price is 25-30% less than gasoline

For more information, see http://fueleconomy.gov

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More Ways to Save Energy 1

� Replace/clean furnace filter every 1-3 months

� Energy-saving (programmable) thermostats ($50-$100)� Winter: Set heating unit to 68°F max. (63°F night-time)

o 3% more energy use per degree increase

� Summer: Set air conditioning to 78°F min.

o 8% more energy use per degree decrease

� Clean lime from water heater

� Re-level blown-in attic insulation

� Set ceiling fans for season

� Insulate attic access door

� Unplug appliances when not used

� Put tight-fitting doors on open fireplaces

Summer Winter

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More Ways to Save Energy 2

� Clean refrigerator coils; remove frost from freezers

� Keep lights clean; shut off when not in use

� Use south-facing windows to collect solar heat

� Personal attitude & behavior

� Wear layered warm clothes indoors during winter

� Take short showers instead of baths

� Regulate windows & doors (train kids)

� Upgrade to EnergyStar-efficient appliances

� Plant trees (deciduous on south; evergreens on north)

For more energy-saving tips, contact:

Missouri Department of Natural Resources at 1-800-361-4827

or on the Web at www.dnr.mo.gov/energy/residential/index.html34

Investing in Energy Efficiency

Energy Measure

Return on

Investment, %

Change to fluorescent lamps 41

Seal heating and cooling ducts 41

Upgrade to EnergyStar clothes washer 37

Replace refrigerator with EnergyStar unit 37

Install EnergyStar programmable thermostat 30

Install R-12 water heater insulation jacket 28

EnergyStar heat pump to replace old HVAC system 19

Upgrade to EnergyStar dishwasher 18

Weatherizing and sealing the home 9

Increase wall and attic insulation to DOE levels 8

Source: Lawrence Berkley National Laboratory , 1997 costs

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Farms

36

Cutting Fuel Evaporation Losses

� Light-colored gas tank reduces losses up to 40%

� Shaded painted tank reduceslosses an added 60% comparedto unshaded painted tank

� Roof also helps reduce weatheringof hoses, valves and paint

� Pressure-relief vacuum capreduces losses by another 45%

� Direct venting of tank fumesis restricted until a slight pressurehas built up in the tank

Polk County Soils and Crops

Conference - Bolivar, MO

4/17/2012

7

37

Cutting Tractor Fuel Consumption 1

� Do a general tune-up to manufacturer specs.

� Replace tractor oil & fuel filters to improve efficiency� 3.5% increase if somewhat dirty

� 10-20% increase if extremely dirty

� Match the tractor to the load

� “Gear up and throttle down”� Reduce engine RPM up

to 20% in higher gear

� 15-30% fuel saved

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Cutting Tractor Fuel Consumption 2

� Use radial tires. Adjust tire pressure based on load� 6-7 psi normal

� 10-12 psi for rough terrainor heavy loads

� Ballast tractor to give8-15% wheel slippage

� Combine or cut tripsover the field (no-till)

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Livestock Buildings

� Most heat loss occurs through ventilation

� Resist temptation to under-ventilate to save energy;fine-tune ventilation instead

� Ventilate to provide about 60% relative humidity

� Do regular maintenance on environmental controls

� Clean shutters, fan blades & motor fins

� Check heater controller settings (so heat & fans don’t compete)

� Check curtains for tight fits; patch holes

� Insulate heated buildings

� Keep insulation dry with vapor barriers

� Protect insulation from rodents (sanitation, screen out, baits, traps)

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Poultry House Heating a Complex Issue

Energy Loss from

Roof & Walls

Energy is required to evaporate moisture from litter

Ventilation

Loss

85°F Air holds

twice as much

moisture as 65°F air

Ventilation

needs cut in

half at 85°F

Early 1970’s the

recommended

broiler house temperature was 65°F

Recommendation

was changed to 75-80°F

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More Farm Energy-Saving Tips

� Soil test before applying lime or fertilizer

� Know the fertilizer value of your manure & use it

� Use cattle instead of machinery to harvest forage

� Spray weeds instead of brush-hogging them

� Calibrate your sprayer before applying chemicals

� Use radios or cell-phones to communicaterather than driving

� Install impact barriers around fuel tanks

� Install locks on fuel tanks; remove keys from tractors

� www.moagenergysavings.com

� Eligibility

� Non-CAFO livestock producers

� Legal resident age 18 or older

� Property must be located in Missouri

� Three options

� Energy Management Plans (EMP) for the farm operation

� Technical Assistance (TA) for the farm operation

� Home energy audits for the farm residence

MAESTRO Program (800-732-1399)Missouri Agricultural Energy Saving Team – A Revolutionary Opportunity

Polk County Soils and Crops

Conference - Bolivar, MO

4/17/2012

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MAESTRO Program Incentives

� Project must provide at least

15% energy savings

� Incentives starting at 75% of the

total project cost, not to exceed $28,000 per farm

- Up to $8,000 for farm residence

� Clients saving 10,000 KWH can receive up to 90%

of the project cost

� 3% financing up to $50,000, or equivalent

amount in a cash down payment

� Energy saving improvements must be made no later

than 11/30/2012

MAESTRO – What Can Qualify?

� Vacuum pump

� Plate coolers

� Scroll compressors

� Compressor heat recovery

� VSD milk transfer pump

� Lighting: INC to CFL

� Fluorescent lighting

� T12 to T8 or T5

� Livestock waterers

� Heaters

� Radiant heat (poultry)

� Electric controls for pilot

lights (swine)

� Lighting

� INC to CFL or LED

� The following can save upto 15%, but not usually by itself:

� Ceiling insulation

� Wall insulation

� Sealing air leaks

� Insulated curtains

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Energy Resource Links

� University of Missouri Extension Center – Webster Countyextension.missouri.edu/webster

� Energy Management Checklist for the Homeextension.missouri.edu/explorepdf/hesguide/housing/gh5983.pdf

� Consumers Guide to Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy(U.S. Department of Energy)www.energysavers.gov

� Federal Tax Credits for Energy Efficiencywww.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=tax_credits.tx_index

� Residential Energy Efficiency (MO Dept. of Natural Resources)www.dnr.mo.gov/energy/residential/index.html

� Energy Depot for Homes (City Utilities of Springfield)www.energydepot.com/hometown5/index.asp?KEY=18

� Mold Control in Buildings (MU Extension)extension.missouri.edu/webster/webster/environ/moldcontrol.html

� Fuel Cost Comparison spreadsheet (MU Extension)extension.missouri.edu/webster/webster/agric/FuelCostComparison.xls

� MAESTRO Programwww.moagenergysavings.com

Questions??

Program Complaint InformationTo file a program complaint you may contact

any of the following:

University of Missouri

� MU Extension AA/EEO Office109 F. Whitten Hall, Columbia, MO 65211

� MU Human Resources Office130 Heinkel Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211

USDA� Office of Civil Rights, Director

Room 326-W, Whitten Building14th and Independence Ave., SWWashington, DC 20250-9410

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Robert A. (Bob) SchultheisNatural Resource Engineering Specialist

Webster County Extension Center800 S. Marshall St.

Marshfield, MO 65706

Voice: 417-859-2044Fax: 417-468-2086

E-mail: schultheisr@missouri.edu

Web: extension.missouri.edu/webster

"Equal opportunity is and shall be provided to all participants in Extension programs and activities, and for all employees and applicants for employment on the

basis of their demonstrated ability and competence without discrimination on the basis of their race, color, religion, sex, sexual orientation, national origin, age,

disability, or status as a Vietnam-era veteran. This policy shall not be interpreted in such a manner as to violate the legal rights of religious organizations or

military organizations associated with the armed forces of the United States of America."