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Warm Up
• What was the Industrial Revolution?
• What caused it?
The Industrial RevolutionPart 1
Before the Revolution
• Since the birth of Civilization, most people lived and worked in small farming villages.
• By the 1750s, this began to change in Europe.
• There were 3 factors why.
#1 Revolution in Agriculture
• By the 1750s, many European farmers were improving their production.
• Causes: a. Crop rotation—changing the crops around so as not to exhaust the soil.
• b. Jethro Tull’s “Seed Drill.”• c. Mixing soil. • d. Enclosure
Enclosure• In the old days, rich land owners let
peasants live on and farm their land—these were very small farms.
• But then rich land owners began to kick the peasants of their land so they could make real big farms.
• They began putting up fences to keep people out.
• This was called “ENCLOSURE.”
Effects of Agriculture Revolution and Enclosure.
• Farms began to produce more and more food, and become more profitable.
• Could feed more people which led to larger populations.
• Because of the improved farming methods, farms needed fewer workers.
• This meant that many peasants now needed to look for other kinds of work.
• These jobless farm workers began to leave their farming villages and head to cities to find work.
Review
• What were the 4 causes of the Agricultural Revolution in Europe in the 1750s?
• 1. Crop Rotation
• 2. Seed Drill
• 3. Mixing Soil
• 4. Enclosure
Review
• What were the effects of the Agricultural Revolution?
• More food made with fewer workers.
• Meant that more people could (and needed to) work at other things.
#2 Population Explosion
• The agricultural revolution created a great rise in the population of Europe between 1750 – 1800.
• More food meant less famine and therefore fewer people were dying.
• Also, because women were eating better, they had healthier babies.
The Effects of #1 and #2 =
• More people are around that are not doing farm work and therefore can do (and need to do) other work.
#3 New Technology
• New sources of power and machines replace making things by hand.
• For much of history, the energy for work had been provided by humans and animals.
• New sources of energy and new materials allowed business owners to change the way work was done.
New Sources of Energy
water and wind began to be used.
• (can only be used by streams and wind is inconsistent).
Steam Power
• But the big breakthrough came with steam power in the 1700s.
• Allowed people to put factories wherever they wanted.
• Early steam engines used coal.
The Steam Engine
• Thomas Newcomen developed a steam engine.
• In 1769, Socttsman James Watt improved Newcomen’s engine dramatically.
• Watt’s engines became the key source for the Industrial Revolution.
Coal and Iron
• Besides being used as the fuel for steam engines, coal was also used to produce iron.
The 3 factors that contributed to the Industrial Revolution
• 1. Agricultural Revolution.
• 2. Population Explosion.
• 3. New Technology.
What was the Industrial Revolution?
• When things began to be made in factories instead of by hand (and the source of energy was not human or animal, but machine).
• Make a graphic organizer of the three factors for the industrial revolution– A. Title each factor– B. Describe each factor– C. Picture for each factor