Warm UpJanuary 24, 2014

What are the 3 classroom expectations? Write an example and a non-example for each.

Mesopotamia: From Nomads to Farmers

• Video• Answer these questions as you watch:

– 1. “Mesopotamia” means ___.– 2. Mesopotamia is located between the ___ and

___ rivers.– 3. How did Mesopotamia control the river water?– 4. How did people become slaves?– 5. What is the highest/most important job in

Mesopotamia (other than royalty)?

Using the Online Textbook

• my.hrw.com• Username: w4n8j• Password: herthel• Click “Go to the Online Textbook.”• Chapter 2, Section 1 (on the top of the page).• Navigate textbook pages on the top center of

the page.

Ancient Mesopotamian Societies-Use the textbook (under your desk) to fill in the chart with specific factual details.

-Sumerian: page 34 – 36 (no leaders)-Akkadian: page 36 – 37 (no social culture)-Babylonian: page 37 (no social culture)-Hittite: page 40 (no leaders)-Assyrian: page 41 (no leaders)-Persian: page 51 – 55

Complete for homework (due Monday)

Warm UpJanuary 27, 2014

What are the purpose(s) of laws? Who do you think should write the laws, and how should they be enforced?

Mesopotamia

1. Sumer

a. Geographyi. Located in an area called the Fertile

Crescent1. It is a region that curves between the

Mediterranean Sea and the Persian Gulf

2. This is also a fertile area that is located between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers

ii. Area is referred to as Mesopotamia

b. Cityi. Considered to be

the world’s first civilization

ii. In the center of the city was a large temple called a ziggurat

1. A ziggurat is a pyramid like structure

iii. Formed city-states over time1. A city-state is a political unit with its own

government

2. Many city-states would form dynasties

c. Religioni. Were polytheistic

ii. Believed the gods controlled all natural forces

iii. Believed that a god protected each city-state

iv. Priests held a high status in Sumer

d. Writingi. Developed a form of writing called cuneiform

ii. Used to keep business accounts, to write works on law and grammar as well as literature

iii. “Epic of Gilgamesh”1. Best know Sumerian work

2. About a legendary king

e. Mathematicsi. Developed their own math system based on the

number 60

ii. Used geometry to build elaborate structures and irrigation systems

f. Sciencesi. Invented the wheel to make pottery and other

vehicles

ii. Developed the plow

iii. Used bronze to make stronger tools and weapons

iv. Built a sewer system

v. Catalogued medical knowledge

vi. Performed basic surgery

vii. Architecture included arches, ramps, and columns

g. Social Structurei. Developed out of their trading industry

ii. At the top was the king, priests and principal agents

iii. Next came large land owners and merchants

iv. Below them were farmers, artisans, and laborers

v. At the bottom were slaves

h. Gender Rolesi. Men held political power and made laws

ii. Women stayed at home and took care of the home and children

2. Babylonian Empire

a. Hammurabii. 1792 B.C. became the

king of Babylon

ii. United Mesopotamia and formed the Babylonian Empire

iii. Accomplishments1. Building projects

2. Improved tax collection system

3. Increased trade

4. Established schoolsa. Taught Sumerian language and cuneiform

iv. Allowed priests to have their powerful roles

v. Honored old Sumerian gods

b. Hammurabi’s codei. Dealt with everything

from trade and theft to injury and murder

ii. Code was important because it was written down for everyone to see

Hammurabi’s Code

• Agree/Disagree• Be ready to support your answer

Agree/Disagree

If you sue someone and lose, should you have to pay?

"3. If any one bring an accusation of any crime before the elders, and does not prove what he has

charged, he shall, if it be a capital offense charged, be put

to death."

A person tries to break into your house, but are caught before they take anything. Should they be put to death?

"21. If any one break a hold into a house (break in to steal), he shall be put to death

before that hole and be buried."

If you cannot pay your bills, should you have to yourself and your family into slavery for 3 years?

"117. If any one fail to meet a claim for debt, and sell himself, his wife, his son, and daughter for money or give them away to forced labor: they shall work for three years in the house of the man who bought them, or the proprietor, and in the fourth year they shall be set free."

If a woman cannot have children, should her husband be allowed to take another wife?

"145. If a man take a wife, and she bear him no children, and he intend to take

another wife: if he take this second wife, and bring her into the house, this second wife shall not be allowed equality with his

wife."

"146. If a man take a wife and she give this man a maid-servant as wife and she bear him children, and then this maid shall assume equality with the wife: because she has borne him children her master shall not sell her for money, but he may keep her as a

slave, reckoning her among the maid-servants."

"147. If she have not borne him children, then her mistress may sell her for money."

Hammurabi’s Code Document Analysis

• With your buddy, read the excerpt from Hammurabi’s Code

• Answer questions 1-3, 5, 7-9 on a separate sheet of paper.

• If you finish early, answer question 10 for extra credit.

Review Graphic Organizer

Judaism and the Persian Empire

1. Early Hebrews

a. Writingsi. Much of what we know comes from their own

writings

ii. Contained their history, law and requirements for their religion

iii. First 5 books form the Torah, the most sacred text of Judaism

b. Founding Fathersi. Abraham

1. Lived in Ur and was told to leave by God

2. God established a covenant with him

3. Promised to lead him to the Promised Land and make his descendents a mighty people

ii. Jacob1. Grandson of Abraham

2. Had 12 sons and would form the twelve tribes of Israel

3. His name will be changed to Israel

iii. Moses1. Born an Israelite but raised in the pharaoh’s

palace

2. Demanded the Israelites freedom

3. Lead the people out of Egypt after the pharaoh gave permission to leave

c. The Exodusi. It is a major event

ii. Passover

iii. After the Exodus the Israelites will wander in the wilderness for 40 years

iv. 10 Commandments will be given during this time to Moses on Mt. Sinai

d. The Promised Landi. Israel had to fight the people that lived there to

gain it

ii. Had a time of prophets and judges who were believed to carry messages from God

e. Kings of Israeli. Saul

1. Israel’s 1st king

2. Chosen for his military leadership

3. Described as jealous and a troubled ruler

ii. David1. Israel’s 2nd king

2. Well loved and united the people

3. Strong king and military leader

4. Gifted poet and musician

5. Capital was Jerusalem

iii. Solomon1. Son of David

2. Israel’s 3rd king

3. Israel reached its height under him

4. Praised for his wisdom

5. Built a magnificent temple in Jerusalem

f. Division and Conquesti. Divided Kingdom

1. Kingdom was split into 2 after Solomon’s death

2. 10 tribes formed the Northern Kingdom called Israel

3. 2 tribes formed the Southern Kingdom called Judah

ii. Fall1. Israel fell to the Assyrians in 772 B.C.

2. Judah fell to the Chaldeans in 586 B.C.a. The temple of Jerusalem was destroyed

b. Thousands of Jews were brought to Babylon as slaves

c. Period is known as the Babylonian Captivity and lasted 50 years

d. Marked the Diasporai. The scattering of the Jews outside of Judah

3. Persians will let the Jews return to Jerusalem and they will rebuild the temple

g. Teachings of Judaismi. Monotheism

1. Believed there is only one God

2. This set them apart from the other people in the region

ii. Justice and Righteousness1. Being just meant treating other people with

kindness and fairness

2. Being righteous referred to doing what was right and proper even if others do not

a. This led to their creation of a strong code of ethics

b. Will be carried into Christianity

iii. Obedience to the law1. 10 Commandments

a. Most important laws

2. Mosaic Lawa. Governs how people pray

b. When they worship

c. Dietary Lawi. What they could eat

iv. Sacred Text1. Most sacred was the Torah

2. Talmuda. Contains explanations and interpretations of the other

sacred texts

2. Persian Empire

a. Persian Leaderi. Cyrus II

1. He united the Persians and the Medes

2. He allowed conquered people to retain their own customs

3. He freed the Jewish people and allowed them to return to Jerusalem and rebuild the temple

4. Became known as Cyrus the Great

ii. Darius I1. Put down a rebellion during his first year as king

2. He reorganized and strengthened his army

3. Created a permanent armya. He paid them

b. The Ten Thousand Immortalsi. Group within the army that served as the king’s bodyguards

4. Surrounded the kingship with ritual and ceremony

5. Called himself either the Great King or the King of Kings

6. Used Satraps (governors) to help him rule his vast empire

7. Strengthened the economy

8. Built roads throughout the empire to help trade

9. Many believed that the high point of Persian culture was reached under him

iii. Xerxes1. Son of Darius

2. Tried to invade Greece and failed

3. Last strong ruler of ancient Persia

b. Religioni. Zoroastrianism

1. Taught that the world had been created by a god named Ahura Mazda

2. Taught Dualisma. The belief that the world is controlled by two opposing

forces, good and evil

3. Believed people had freewill

4. Teachings on how people should live are recorded in the Avesta

c. Persian Achievementsi. Network of roads

1. They linked all parts of the empire

2. Longest road was the Royal road which stretched more than 1500 miles

ii. Art and Architecture1. Best example is the city of Persepolis

2. Used animals in their art work

Classwork

• Page 28 – answer questions 1, 2, 6-10. Be sure to write the entire sentence.

• Page 58 – answer questions 1-4 and 6-7. Be sure to write the entire sentence.

HWH: HomeworkDue Tuesday, January 28, 2014• For centuries, people fought for control of the Fertile Crescent. From

the earliest times of the Akkadians and the Babylonians through the Persians and the Greeks, rulers have fought and died to control this territory.

• Why were people so eager to live in and rule the Fertile Crescent? What made this area so appealing? Write a two paragraph essay, supporting your opinion with evidence from your notes and the text.

 • Note: be sure to cite anything you use from the text. For this

assignment, you can use internal citations by putting the page number in parenthesis at the end of the sentence.