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© Edgenuity, Inc. 1
Warm-Up Structure and Composition of the Atmosphere
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Words to Know
Fill in this table as you work through the lesson. You may also use the glossary to help you.
the amount of mass in a given volume
the blanket of gases that surrounds the surface of a planet
a form of oxygen that absorbs harmful ultraviolet radiation from the Sun
a measure of how high above sea level an area is
the force pushing on an area or a surface
the force of a column of air pushing on a given area
the amount of matter in an object
WK2
Lesson Goals
Describe the
composition of
Earth’s
atmosphere.
Describe the
importance of
the
atmosphere to
living things.
Explain how
altitude affects
air pressure
and density.
Identifyproperties of
air, including
and density.
Distinguishthe four main
layers of the
.
Lesson Question
© Edgenuity, Inc. 2
Warm-Up Structure and Composition of the Atmosphere
Reviewing Earth’s Layers
Earth has three distinct layers.
• Outermost layer
• Solid rock; both dry land and the ocean floor
• Thinner under ocean; thicker under mountains
• Three parts
• Solid lithosphere
• Thick, syrupy asthenosphere
• Solid lower mantle
• Two parts
• Molten outer core
• Solid inner core
© Edgenuity, Inc. 3
Structure and Composition of the Atmosphere
Components of Earth’s Atmosphere
The atmosphere is a layer of around Earth.
• Supports on Earth
• Distinguishes Earth from other
• Contains different gases
Nitrogen78.1%
Oxygen 20.9%
Argon 0.9%
Water vapor 0.04%Carbon dioxide 0.03%Trace gases <1%
Atmospheric Components
Nitrogen and Oxygen in the Atmosphere
The most abundant gases in the atmosphere are nitrogen and oxygen.
Nitrogen
• Makes up percent of
atmosphere
• Helps living things make
Oxygen
• Makes up percent of
atmosphere
• Needed by plants and animals
• Needed to burn fuels
• Forms , which
absorbs harmful rays from the Sun
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Instruction
© Edgenuity, Inc. 4
Structure and Composition of the Atmosphere
2Slide
Other Gases in the Atmosphere
Argon, carbon dioxide, and water vapor are also present in the atmosphere,
though they make up only a portion.
Argon
• Makes up 0.9 percent of atmosphere
• Is not
Water Vapor
• Makes up 0.04 percent of “dry air” (amount varies)
• Forms
and on
very tiny particles
Carbon Dioxide
• Makes up 0.033 percent of atmosphere
• Used by
to make food
• Is released by animals and burning of
fuels
• Has increased over time
4 Importance of the Atmosphere
The atmosphere provides conditions that support on Earth.
• Provides
• Provides
• Keeps warm
• Filters out radiation
• Protects Earth from
Living organisms also affect the atmosphere.
Instruction
© Edgenuity, Inc. 5
Structure and Composition of the Atmosphere
7Slide
Characteristics of Air
Air can be described by the following characteristics.
• Amount of matter an object contains
• Amount of mass in a certain volume
• How tightly molecules are packed
• Equal to mass divided by volume
• Force pushing on an area or a surface
Air Pressure
Air pressure is the result of a column of
air on an area.
• The column extends upward and pushes down, creating air pressure.
• in air push in all
directions.
• Denser air exerts more
than less
dense air.
Instruction
© Edgenuity, Inc. 6
Structure and Composition of the Atmosphere
Effects of Altitude on Air Density
As altitude , density
decreases.
• molecules are farther
apart.
• Molecules in air push in all
.
• air exerts more
pressure than less dense air.
Instruction
9Slide
Effects of Altitude on Air Pressure
Altitude is the above sea level
of a given point.
• As altitude increases, air
pressure .
• The pressure decrease is due to
fewer air above
pushing down.
© Edgenuity, Inc. 7
Instruction Structure and Composition of the Atmosphere
12Slide
The Atmosphere of Earth
The layers of the atmosphere are classified according to changes in
.
• These layers include the:
• troposphere.
• stratosphere.
• mesosphere.
• .
Troposphere
The troposphere is located between 0 and 12 kilometers above Earth’s
.
• Innermost, layer of the atmosphere
• Varying conditions: rain, , storms, clouds
• air pressure of any layer
© Edgenuity, Inc. 8
Instruction Structure and Composition of the Atmosphere
Stratosphere
The stratosphere is located 12 to 50 kilometers above Earth’s surface.
• Above the
• Contains the layer
• Gets warmer as altitude increases
• Good place for airplanes to fly
12Slide
Mesosphere
The mesosphere is located 50 to kilometers above Earth’s surface.
• Prevents from reaching Earth’s surface
• Gets colder as altitude increases
• Has an air pressure that is less than 1 percent of the air
of the troposphere
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© Edgenuity, Inc. 9
Instruction Structure and Composition of the Atmosphere
14Slide
Exploring the Atmosphere
Lidar devices help scientists study the atmosphere by using light.
• Lidar stands for light and ranging.
• Satellites carry -equipped instruments into space.
• Short of light reveal more about particles in each layer
of the atmosphere.
• Scientists use these data for a number of different purposes.
16
Thermosphere
The thermosphere is 80 kilometers above Earth’s surface.
• Has no defined outer limit
• Is very
• Absorbs harmful from the Sun
• Is where northern/southern occur
• Includes and
© Edgenuity, Inc. 10
Summary Structure and Composition of the Atmosphere
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2Slide
Review: Key Concepts
Earth’s atmosphere is made of gases—nitrogen, oxygen, argon, carbon dioxide, water vapor, and trace gases.
The atmosphere provides conditions that make life possible.
• Provides
• Provides water
• Keeps Earth
• Filters out ultraviolet radiation
• Protects Earth from meteoroids
Answer
Lesson Question How is the atmosphere characterized??
© Edgenuity, Inc. 11
Structure and Composition of the AtmosphereSummary
Review: Key Concepts
Earth’s atmosphere has four main layers.
• 0–12 km
• Has changing weather conditions
• Decrease in temperature with altitude
• 12–50 km
• Has ozone layer
• Increase in temperature with altitude
• 50–80 km
• Protects from meteoroids
• Decrease in temperature with altitude
• 80 km and beyond
• Is very hot due to radiation from Sun
• Is where satellites orbit
Stratosphere
Use this space to write any questions or thoughts about this lesson.
2Slide