Ancient Greece

Warm Up:What is a THEME?

What does it tell you?

Give an example of a theme and explain what it tells you

How does the theme you chose make you feel?What is a Theme?a subject of a talk; a topic; a recurring idea; a motif; the main melody of a piece of music

THEME #1

THEME #2

ThemesThink about the overall theme of Ancient Greece as we move through the next section.Episode (unit) III: The Greek EmpireThe physical geography of the Aegean Basin shaped the economic, social, and political development of Greek civilization.

The expansion of Greek civilization through trade and colonization led to the spread of Greek culture across the Mediterranean and Black seas.

Greek mythology was based on a polytheistic religion that was integral to culture, politics, and art in ancient Greece.

Many of Western civilizations symbols, metaphors, words, and idealized images come from ancient Greek mythology.

Ancient Greece

-Questions for Discussion-1. Can you think of any examples of Ancient Greece used in todays popular media? (TV, Movies, Etc)

2. What are some famous Greek names that you have heard of?

3. What about in other subjects in school? Are there any visible contributions of Greek culture?

Locations and placesAegean SeaBalkan PeninsulaPeloponnesusAsia MinorMediterranean SeaBlack SeaDardanellesAthens, Sparta, TroyMacedonia

Ancient Greece is all around you!Plato (c.429-327 BC) - He was a brilliant student of Socrates and later carried on his work. He gathered Socrates' ideas and wrote them down in a book. Plato founded the world's first university. He wrote down his teachings and people all over the world, even today, study the Greek philosophersAristotle (382-322 BC) - discovered many things in science and biology. He wrote books about physics, poetry, zoology, biology, politics, governments, and more. His father was the personal physician of the King of Macedonia.Parmenides - watched an eclipse of the Moon in about 470 BC, and noticed that the Earth's shadow was curved. He worked out that if the shadow was curved, then the Earth must be round.Archimedes - was a mathematician and an engineer. He designed a machine, called the Archimedean screw, which could make water flow uphill. His design has been used for almost 2,000 years, to take water from rivers to the fields. Pythagoras - was a mathematician. Pythagoras' theorem on right triangles.Alexander the Great - Alexander the Great was born in 356 B.C. in Pella, Macedonia, the son of Philip of Macedon, who was an excellent general and organizer. He was called 'the Great' because he conquered more lands than anyone before him and became the overall ruler of Greece. Wrap it up!Think of what you know and what youve seen today

Can you think of a song or movie soundtrack that could be used as a theme for Ancient Greece?

What kinds of contributions did Greece make to modern society?Warm Up:How does physical geography affect the lives of people today?

Example: Bodies of Water, Mountains, Islands, Plains, etc

Economic and Social DevelopmentsAgriculture (limited arable land)Commerce and the spread of Hellenic cultureShift from barter to money economy (coins)

Collectors? Numismatists?What is a Numismatist?Warm Up:http://videos.howstuffworks.com/hsw/12170-ancient-civilizations-greek-mythology-video.htm

What TWO things do Greek Myths try to explain?Political developmentsMountains both helped and hindered the development of city-states

Greek cities were designed to promote civic and commercial life

Colonization was prompted by overpopulation and the search for arable land

Question!How did mythology help the early Greek civilization explain the natural world and the human condition?

Greek MythologyPolytheistic Religion

Offered explanations of natural phenomena, human qualities, and life events

Greek Gods and Goddesses often played tricks on each other and had human characteristics and personalities.

Greek Gods and GoddessesZeus, Hera, Apollo, Artemis, Athena, Aphrodite

Symbols and images in Western literature, art, and architectureZeus

God of justice and mercy, protector of the weak, punisher of the wicked.

Hera

Supreme Goddess, goddess of marriage and childbirth and takes special care of married women.

Apollo

The god of healing who taught man medicine. God of light, music, & truth

Artemis

Goddess of the hunt, the moon, and the natural environment

Athena

Goddess of reason, intelligence, art, literature, and War

Aphrodite

Goddess of love and beauty

Warm Up:How did Ancient Greek Gods and Goddesses provide explanations of human existence and the natural world?

Provide examples!Question!How did democracy develop in Athens?There are 4 stages

Refer to your charts from last Thurs/FriFoundations of DemocracyClassical Athens developed the most democratic system of government the world had ever seen, although not everyone could participate in decision making. It became a foundation of modern democracies.

Greek PoliticsCitizens had political rights and the responsibility of civic participation in government.

Who is a citizen?FREEADULTMALE

Greek PoliticsWomen and foreigners had no political rights.

Slaves had no political rights.

City-States

A city-state is an independent country whose territory consists of a city which is not administered as part of another government.AthensStages in the evolution of Athenian government: monarchy, oligarchy, tyranny, democracy

Tyrants who worked for reform: Draco, Solon

Draco: Solon:

Origin of democratic principles: Direct democracy, public debate, duties of the citizen

SpartaOligarchy (rule by a small group)

Rigid social structure

Military society

The OdysseyRead Excerpt AWarm Up:Read: Excerpt B

Be ready to discuss the questions and the Greek Values shown in the reading.The Persian Wars A series of conflicts between the Empire of Persia and city-states of the Hellenic world that started in 499 BCE and lasted until 450 BCE.

Marathon (490 BCE)Happened outside of Athens

Athens victory was overwhelming: 6,400 Persians but only 192 Athenians died

Messenger ran about 25 mi (40 km) back to Athens, where he announced the victory before dying of exhaustion

In another version, an Athenian runner was sent to Sparta before the battle to ask for help, running 150 miles in two days; Sparta refused

Xerxes

Leonidas

Thermopylae (480 BCE)Battle in northern Greece (480 BC) in the Persian Wars. The Greek forces, mostly Spartan, were led by Leonidas. After three days of holding their own against the Persian king Xerxes I and his vast southward-advancing army, the Greeks were betrayed, and the Persians were able to outflank them. Sending the main army in retreat, Leonidas and a small contingent remained behind to resist the advance and were killed to the last man.

Review:Think of any quiz questions you want answered!

Anything you want reviewed?Salamis (480 BCE)The Greek fleet of some 370 ships, under the command of Themistocles, lured the Persian fleet of about 800 ships into the narrow strait between the island of Salamis and the Athenian port of Piraeus.

Athens sank about 300 Persian vessels while losing only about 40 of their own.

As a result of this battle, Xerxes had to postpone his planned land offensive, giving the Greek city-states time to unite against him.

Warm Up:Name the 3 battles of the Persian Wars that we have covered.

What were the outcomes of those battlesWho Won?

How many Persian Wars were there?The Persian WarsWhy are the Persian Wars important?

1. Persian wars united Athens and Sparta against the Persian Empire.

The Persian WarsWhy are the Persian Wars important?

2. Athenian victories over the Persians at Marathon and Salamis left Greeks in control of the Aegean Sea.The Persian WarsWhy are the Persian Wars important?

3. Athens preserved its independence and continued innovations in government and culture.

Warm Up:Attempt to answer the following questions.

Drama: What are the two main genres of Plays/Movies?

Literature: Homers Iliad and Odyssey are examples of what kind of literature?

History: The Father of History, Herodotus, is sometimes known for mixing ____________ into his historical writings.

Art: Besides drawings and paintings, how do we know what the ancient Greeks looked like?

Architecture: What kind of Columns are on the front of LCHS?

Science: How do we know that the Earth is a Spheroid?

Mathematics: (A*A + B*B = C*C) Explains the dimensions of what geometric shape?

Philosophy: Why are you here? / How did you get here?/ How do you know?

Why did we do this?Greece is responsible for inventing and innovating many of the things we use todaymath, history, architecture, art, literature, drama, philosophy, science, and many others.

Today, we will explore and explain how these inventions and innovations developed, who developed them, and provide examples of how they shape our world today.Assignment:Choose an area of study from the list on the Next Slide.

Answer the questions associated with your chosen area.

Give some background information that applies to your specific topic.

Add some additional information of interest.

Greek Contributions to SocietyDrama: Aeschylus, Sophocles

Poetry: Homer

History: Herodotus, Thucydides

Sculpture: Phidias

Architecture: Types of columns: (Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian)

Science: Archimedes, Hippocrates

Mathematics: Euclid, Pythagoras

Philosophy: Socrates, Plato, AristotleWarm Up:Remember back to when we talked about ancient India We defined a GOLDEN AGE! Redefine this wordwhat does it mean? What kind of things happen? Explain!Greek Contributions to SocietyDrama: Aeschylus, Sophocles

Poetry: Homer

History: Herodotus, Thucydides

Sculpture: Phidias

Architecture: Types of columns: (Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian)

Science: Archimedes, Hippocrates

Mathematics: Euclid, Pythagoras

Philosophy: Socrates, Plato, AristotleGOLDEN AGE of PERICLESTime between the Persian and the Peloponnesian Wars

Golden Age of PericlesPericles extended democracy; most adult males had an equal voice.

Golden Age of PericlesPericles had Athens rebuilt after destruction in the Persian Wars; the Parthenon is an example of this reconstruction.

THE PARTHENON

Greek Contributions to SocietyDrama: Aeschylus, Sophocles

Poetry: Homer

History: Herodotus, Thucydides

Sculpture: Phidias

Science: Archimedes, Hippocrates

Mathematics: Euclid, Pythagoras

Philosophy: Socrates, Plato, AristotleActivityYou have the names and the fields of study, now talk to others in the class to find famous works by each of the people on the sheet.Peloponnesian War 431404 [b.c.e.]

Caused by competition for control of the Greek world: Athens and the Delian League versus Sparta and the Peloponnesian LeagueImportance of Peloponnesian War 431404 [b.c.e.]Results:Slowed cultural advanceWeakened political power

Warm Up:Explain how and why Greece declined.

Who will take advantage of this decline of the city-states?

What kingdom will grow to take over all of Greece?ALEXANDER THE GREAT

Born: 356 B.C.E. Died: 323 B.C.E.