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Warm up!
1. What is the difference between a nation and a state?2. What is a nation-state?3. Where is the cultural hearth of the modern state?4. Why were European countries interested in being
imperialistic?5. What is the Colombian Exchange?6. How has nationalism led to countries achieving self
determination?7. What area achieved self determination first, Latin
America or Africa?8. What is the main idea of the core periphery model?
Centripetal Forces• Forces that bind a
country together (peace)
• Examples– Strong national
identity from: shared history, language, religion, ethnicity, or cultural traits
– Nationalism from unifying symbols, like flags
Centripetal Forces
• Military service (forced in some countries)
• Standardized education (everyone shares the same learning and history)
• A strong economy• Economic uniformity
throughout the country (don’t have one super rich part of the country)
Centripetal Forces
• Primate City—Largest, most influential city in a country
• Can become a symbol of national development and pride– Examples: London, Paris,
Seoul (South Korea)
Forward Capital
• Symbolic relocation of a capital city
• Usually to a peripheral area to give it more importance
• Also used to build nationalism
• Ex.—Brasilia, Brasil,
Centrifugal Forces
• Forces that separate and divide within a country
• Examples:– Weak national
identity (different ethnicities, languages, religions, conflict, economic hardship)
Centrifugal Forces
• Lack of transportation due to poor infrastructure and lack of communication can also lead to centrifugal disunity
• Large size and lack of transportation (Russia)
• Lack of communication because of harsh terrain (Bolivia)
Centrifugal Forces
• Elongated or fragmented states cause a lack of strong nationality
• Deep regional divisions (economic disparity)
Devolution
• The granting of more autonomy (political freedom) to a region of a country
• Ex.—Canada, Great Britain
Balkanization
• When countries dissolve, or form new countries
• Examples: Balkan Peninsula after WWI, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia
Scribe, Messenger, Philosopher
• We will now learn some more about Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia, doing the Scribe, messenger, philosopher activity that we tried last class.