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Warm-Up 1.21.2014
• Grab iPads
• Go to www.socrative.com (room a12)
• Question of the day:– What makes a great leader?– Who are some examples of good leaders you
have seen in your life?
Washington’s Presidency
Chapter 9
Washington’s Presidency
• George Washington inaugurated on April 30, 1789.
• John Adams was his vice-president
Federal Judiciary Act• Constitution left it up to
Congress on how many Supreme Court Justices to have.
• 1789 – Congress passed the Federal Judiciary Act– Gave Supreme Court 1
chief justice, 5 associate justices (8 associates as of today)
– Provided for other lower, less powerful federal courts.
– John Jay was appointed chief justice.
Why does a president have a cabinet?
President of the United States
• Then…– George Washington
• Now…– Barrack Obama
Presidential CabinetSecretary of the Treasury
• Then…– Alexander Hamilton
• Now…– Jacob Lew
Presidential CabinetSecretary of War
• Then…– Henry Knox
• Now…• Secretary of Defense
– Chuck Hagel
Presidential CabinetAttorney General
• Then…– Edmund Randolph
• Now…– Eric Holder
Presidential CabinetSecretary of State
• Then…– Thomas Jefferson
• Now…– John Kerry
Alexander Hamilton – Secretary of the Treasury
• Faced the task of fixing the new nation’s economy (US was $52 million in debt).
• Wanted to prove to other countries that the US was economically responsible.
• Came up with a financial plan to reflect his belief in a strong central government.– Paying off war debts– Raising government
revenue (Whiskey tax)– Creating a National Bank– Protective tariff (tax on
imported goods)
Alexander Hamilton – Secretary of the Treasury
• Paying off war debts…– Southern States
agreed to help pay off Northern States debts, and in return the nation’s capital was placed in the South.
Alexander Hamilton – Secretary of the Treasury
• Raising government revenues…– Called for protective
tariffs on imported goods
• Taxed foreign goods, Insured steady flow of $$ to the government
• Encouraged people to buy American goods…
Defeat of the Protective Tariff
Alexander Hamilton – Secretary of the Treasury
• Creating a National Bank…– Give government a
safe place to keep money
– Make loans to business and government
– Issue bank notes• paper $$ that could
be used as currency
1.22.2014
• Good morning!• Grab your ipad and
get out your journal.– Warm-UP
• In your journal, write a 4-5 sentence summary about yesterday’s discussion/notes.
Interpreting the Constitution
• Hamilton’s plan would strengthen the gov’t.– Started a debate over how
to interpret the Constitution
– Jefferson and Madison believed Constitution discouraged big government
– Believed in strict interpretation of Constitution
– Hamilton pointed to Elastic Clause in Constitution, stating bank was “necessary and proper”…
– Jefferson and Hamilton defended their positions to Washington….
Hamilton and Jefferson
Hamilton Jefferson
Constitution Loose Interpretation
Strict Interpretation
National Government
Strong Federal Government
Supported stronger state governments
Economy Business and Manufacturing
Agriculture and Labor
Foreign Policy Supported Britain, saw US becoming more like Britain
Supported France
Growth of Political Parties
• Political Parties grew out of different beliefs on how the government should run.
• How do we interpret the Constitution??
?
Growth of Political Parties
? Strict Interpretation
v.
Loose Interpretation
Growth of Political Parties
• Alexander Hamilton/John Adams form the Federalist Party
• Thomas Jefferson/James Madison form the Democratic-Republican party
The First Political Parties
FEDERALISTSDEMOCRACTIC-REPUBLICANS
Strong National Government Limited National Government
Fear of Mob Rule Fear of rule by one person
or a powerful few
Loose Construction (interpretation of
Strict Construction (interpretation)
of the Constitution of the Constitution
Favored National Bank Opposed National Bank
Economy based on manufacturing Economy based on farming
and shipping
Supporters: lawyers, merchants,Supporters: farmers,tradespeople
manufacturers, clergy
Whiskey Rebellion
• Conflict over government’s tax on whiskey
Whiskey Rebellion
• Summer of 1794 farmers attacked tax collectors to protest the tax on whiskey
• 13,000 soldiers sent to put down the uprising
Whiskey Rebellion
• “Such resistance is treason against society, against liberty, against
everything that ought to be dear to a free, enlightened, and prudent people. To tolerate it were to abandon your most precious
interests. Not to subdue it were to tolerate it.”
– Alexander Hamilton
The French Rebellion
The French Rebellion
• Inspired by the Americans, French revolutionaries demanded liberty and equality
• By 1792 revolution became very violent
The French Rebellion
• 1793 – King Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette executed
• France then declared war on Britain, Holland, and Spain
• This puts the US in an awkward position– WHY????
What to do?????
• France had been ally of US during revolution
• Britain was United States’ most important trading partner
• Washington decided US would remain…
NEUTRAL
Remaining Neutral
• Chief Justice John Jay goes to England to work this out
• Jay’s Treaty – called for British to pay
damages to ships– British agreed to leave
Ohio Valley– Jay’s Treaty unpopular
because it failed to open West Indies trade to Americans
Remaining Neutral
• Thomas Pinckney helps reduce tensions along frontier
• Pinckney’s Treaty– Americans could
travel freely down Mississippi River
– Could store goods in New Orleans without paying customs duties
– Spain accepted 31st parallel as Southern boundary of US
Washington Retires
Washington Retires
• Washington’s 2 terms were a success!• Warned American’s about 3 things upon his
retirement:– Warned of the dangers of political parties (such
political differences can weaken the country)– Warned that agreements with foreign nations
might work against U.S. interests (economic agreements should be the only agreement)
– Warned against the nation collecting too much debt
Portrait of the Nation in 1800
