Thursday, August 31st

WARM UP:

1. What does it mean to

be interdependent?

2. Name something you

are interdependent on?

Agenda

1. Warm-ups

2. Rules

3. Sign in to

classroom

4. Review Page

8 part 2

5. Ecology

Review Notes

Organism

Population

Community

Ecosystem

Biome

Biosphere

A living

thing

All o

f one sp

ecie

s

Ecological Levels of Organization

Organism

First (lowest) level of organization

An individual, single species

Any unicellular or multicellular form exhibiting

all of the characteristics of life

Population

A group of organisms of the same species that

live in the same geographical area

Produce fertile offspring

Compete with each other for resources

Community

Two or more populations of different

species that interact and live in the same

geographical area

• This is only the

living organisms

A community of living organisms and the

abiotic factors they interact with

◦ Abiotic factors—non-living factors (light, air,

water, etc.)

Ecosystem

One of several types of ecosystems define

by their climate

Biome

A collection of ecosystems

Includes all of the living world and the

biotic and abiotic factors that affect life

Biosphere

Food Chain vs. Food Web

Food chain Food web(just 1 path of energy) (all possible energy paths)

Lions and Warthogs

Watch the video:

In your notes, draw a food chain to represent the transfer of energy observed.

(2 minutes)

Feeding Relationships

Watch the video:

Predator – Prey

In your notes, draw a food web to represent the transfer of energy observed.

(3 min)

EXAMPLES OF FOOD WEBS

P

PP

1 1

1

1

1

1

2

2

2

2

3

Differ in the type of organism they consume to obtain their energy

Herbivore

Carnivore

Omnivore

Detritivore

Decomposer

TYPES OF HETEROTROPHS

Differ in the type of organism they consume to obtain their energy

Herbivore—eats only plants

Carnivore

Omnivore

Detritivore

Decomposer

TYPES OF HETEROTROPHS

Differ in the type of organism they consume to obtain their energy

Herbivore

Carnivore—eats other animals

Omnivore

Detritivore

Decomposer

TYPES OF HETEROTROPHS

Differ in the type of organism they consume to obtain their energy

Herbivore

Carnivore

Omnivore—eats BOTH plants and animals

Detritivore

Decomposer

TYPES OF HETEROTROPHS

Differ in the type of organism they consume to obtain their energy

Herbivore

Carnivore

Omnivore

Detritivore—eats dead plants and animals

Decomposer

TYPES OF HETEROTROPHS

Differ in the type of organism they consume to obtain their energy

Herbivore

Carnivore

Omnivore

Detritivore

Decomposer—eats dead plants and animals AND breaks down dead organic matter and returns

it to the environment

TYPES OF HETEROTROPHS

Trophic Levels

☼Organisms are assigned to trophic

levels based on the organism’s

source of energy.

You may have

learned these were

called energy levels!

1st trophic level 2nd trophic level 3rd trophic level

Ecosystems and Pyramid

☼Each trophic level is represented by a block.

☼Lowest trophic level (producers) on the bottom.

☼Energy stored by the organisms at each trophic level is about one-tenth the energy stored by the organism in the level below.

☼10% of energy moves to the next tropic level.

Why is only 10 %

passed to the next

trophic level?The other 90% is used in metabolism or lost to the

atmosphere as heat.

Ecosystems and Pyramid☼ Energy Pyramids

☼ Shows the available amount of

energy in different levels of an

ecosystem.

☼ Pyramid of Numbers

☼ Shows the number of individual

organisms in an ecosystem.

☼ Biomass Pyramids

☼ Shows the amount of living mass in

an ecosystem.

Read this quote--

Three hundred trout are needed to support one

man for a year. The trout, in turn, must

consume 90,000 frogs, that must consume 27

million grasshoppers that live off of 1,000 tons

of grass. -- G. Tyler Miller, Jr., American Chemist

(1971)

Why is this significant?

Closing Activity--

You have been given $1 million to help a third world country.

You can either—

A. Use the money to buy supplies and teach the people to raise cattle

Or

B. Use the money to buy supplies and teach the people to farm grains

Write a paragraph explaining which would you choose to do and why?

Symbiosis

☼“Syn” means “together” or “with”

☼“Bio” means life

☼Symbiosis is a relationship in which two species live closely together

☼These relationships can be beneficial, harmful, or have no effect on one or both species involved.

Symbiotic Relationships

MUTUALISM

•Occurs when both

organisms benefit.

COMMENSALISM•Occurs when one organism

benefits and the other organism

neither benefits or is harmed.

PARASITISM•Occurs when one organism

(the parasite) benefits and the

other (the host) is harmed.

PREDATION•Occurs when one organism

(the predator) hunts another

organism (the prey) for food.

COMPETITION

• Occurs when two

organisms compete for

the same resources

MutualismAlligator and bird, the bird eats parasites out of the alligators mouth.

CommensalismEpiphyte – orchid make it’s own nutrients, grows on tree to reach sunlight

Parasitism –mistletoes takes nutrients away from trees

Predation – rabbit eating a marigold

Competition

Sibilings in the same family will compete for food.