Ward Class Powerpoint on Intravenous Fluids Infusion.ppt

8/14/2019 Ward Class Powerpoint on Intravenous Fluids Infusion.ppt

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the giving of liquid substances directly into avein. It is useful in safely delivering vitaminsand medications that can be quickly andefficiently absorbed into the body.

Why the veins?Veins are highly distensible , thin walled vessels. Theyact as a volume reservoir for circulatory systems. Atany given time, the veins carry about fifty percent ofthe bodys blood volume. The veins transport blood

back to the lungs and heart.


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Intravenous Fluid Solutions

Hydrating Solutions primary use is to provide contain water and either carbohydrate or sodium

solution

Ex.a. NS .9%b. 1/2 NS .45%NaCl

c. 1/4 NS .22%d. Dextrose in water (D5W) 5% Dextrosee. Dextrose in saline' D5NS, D51/2, D51/4


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Monitoring IV Fluid Therapy

Assessment monitor labs and keep doctor informed correct solution and additives correct equipment

correct infusion rate start IV maintain system identify problems monitor hourly IV line and patient DC IV


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Complications of IV therapy

site1.Phlebitis inflammation2. pain, warmth, redness traveling along vein3. Infiltration no longer in vein

4. Swelling, pallor, cool5. Elevate extremity, apply warmth6.Infection7. Pain, erythema (redness), purulent drainage8.Bleeding


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Potential complications

pyogenic reactionfirst reaction, fever, chills

hemolytic reactionSTOP IMMEDIATELY ABO incompatibilitysevere flank back painchest painblood in urineincreased HR and BPfullness in head within minutes

allergic - rareitchinghivesSTOP INFUSION potassium excesscirculatory overload (particularly with frailelderly and people with cardiac and lungproblems)

serum hepatitis/HIV


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I. V. Cannula with Wings and

without Injection Port

I. V. Cannula with Wings and

Injection Port


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IV Cannula without port andwithout wings

IV Cannula with Small Wings

and without Injection Port


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3-Way Stop Cock

Blood Transfusion Set


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Low Pressure Extension Tube

3-Way Stop Cock withExtension Tube


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IV INSERTION

step 1. Finding a vein

First you must select an area for venous cannulation. Applya constricting band to the patients forearm proximal to theannicupital space (the crux of the elbow). This should causethe veins to engorge with blood and swell.


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step 2. Select a catheter

You must now prepare the equipment to cannulate the vein.

You will need:

1-IV catheter1-.9% NS flush1-Saline lock or 1 bag of LR, .9% NS, or D5W/D25W1-alcohol prep

1-2x2 bandage1-sharps containertape to secure the IV to the skin


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step 3. Clean the site and prepare the vein

palpate the vein looking for any valves or pulsations (whichwould indicated that it is an artery). Run your finger alongthe length of the vein to determine how it runs, its length,etc . Open the alcohol prep and clean the area very well.

step 4. Insert the IV catheter

Pull the skin taunt behind the vein and insert thecatheter slowly just under the skin MAKE SURE THE

BEVEL OF THE NEEDLE IS UP . Also pleaseremember that you must run the needle TOWARD theheart.


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step 5. Advance the needle

advance the needle under the skin so that you just pierce

the wall of the vein. When you are in, you should get a"flashback" of blood in the back of the IV. It may or maynot run up the plastic tube. The speed and amount willvary based on the size of the catheter

step 6. Thread the catheter and remove the needle Advance the needle VERY VERY slightly then push thecatheter over the needle to that it slides into the vein. Ifyou encounter resistance, stop and remove the catheter.

As you pull the needle out make sure to occlude the veinby pressing firmly down just distal to the end of thecatheter. This will stop blood from flowing out of the vein.IMMEDIATLY and CAREFULLY waste the needle in an

approved sharps container.


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step 7. Check the line

evaluate the line for patency. If the patient complains ofburning pain or if tissue edema/swelling/redness etc isnoted at the injection site, the IV has infiltrated and mustbe removed immediately.

step 8. Secure the line and monitorSecure the line by tearing a piece of medical tape in half.Slide the half under the catheter and fold it in toward itself.This is called a "butterfly". Tape two or three more pieces oftape to secure the heplock etc to the arm PRN. ALWAYScheck the line for patency as often as possible and beforeusing it to give medications/fluid challenge.


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Documents

Ward Class Powerpoint on Intravenous Fluids Infusion.ppt