War Games and their History

7/23/2019 War Games and their History

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EO@ PMADR MD\PIRT





EO@ PMADR MD\PIRT LMRD\PI^MAR CAIRCA HASDO



Gir Ribdo( Eo`ras( eo` âpar

GIOPMDHH JA@DE

sss/giopmdhhja`de/lij

ilaNgiopmdhhja`de/lij

Gdr|p ~qbhd|ma` bt Giopmdhh Ja`de

Li~trdcmp ¤ Lmrd|pi~mar Cairca Hasdo

Ehh rdcmp| ra|arwa`

Lmrd|pi~mar Cairca Hasdo me| e||arpa` md| rdcmp| qoàr

pma Li~trdcmp( @a|dco| eo` êpaop| Elp pi ba

dàopda` e| pma Eqpmir ig pmd| sirk

**** -mer`belk$

**** -~e~arbelk$

**** -a*biik$

Oi ~erp ig pmd| biik jet ba ra~rdopa` ir ra~ri`qla` ir

qpdhdva` do eot girj ir bt eot ahalpriodl( jalmeodleh ir

ipmar jaeo|( ois koiso ir maraegpar dowaopa`( dolhq`doc

~mipili~tdoc eo` ralir`doc( ir do eot dogirjepdio

|pireca ir raprdaweh |t|paj( sdpmiqp pma ~arjd||dio do

srdpdoc grij pma ^qbhd|mar|

E LD^ lepehicqa ralir` gir pmd| biik d| ewedhebha grij pma

Brdpd|m Hdbrert

Pt~a|ap do ~p io ~p Bajbi

Pt~a|appdoc bt Giopmdhh Ja`de

^rdopa` do pma QK

g gelabiik/lij)giopmdhhja`de p psdppar/lij)giopmdhhja`de



Liopaop|

Girasir`

Dopri`qlpdio

Eoldaop eo` Ja`daweh Ceja|

Ceja| ^heta` bapsaao eo`

Ceja| gir Jdhdpert Predodoc

Ceja| gir Oeweh Predodoc

Ceja| gir pma ^qbhdl6 *



Jiàro Ceja| gir pma ^qbhdl

Ildeh Ser Ceja| do pma Oqlhaer Eca

E~~ao`d} 6 Hd|p ig Ser Ceja|

E~~ao`d} 6 Bdbhdicre~mt

Aoòipa|

Doà}



GIRASIR@

Jefir Caoareh êprdlk Lir`dochat @\I @\l GRC\

Lijjeoàr ig pma pm Erjiqra` Brdceà Criq~ `qrdoc pma

Cqhg Ser

D |perpa` ser cejdoc aerht do jt hdga; @reqcmp| leja r|p gihhisa` bt Lma||/ Eo` bagirabadoc |aop pi bier`doc |lmiih ep pma eca ig |d}( D me` baao dopri`qla` pi H—Eppeuqa( e

bier` ceja pmep d| |pdhh ~i~qher sdpm jt gejdht pièt à|~dpa pma lio|peop ~ra|aola ig pma

lij~qpar/ Pi haero pma caoa|a| ig pma|a ceja| do pmd| a}lahhaop biik d| ge|ldoepdoc/

Pmao ep |lmiih jt @dokt Pit edr girla( smdlm lio|d|pa` jedoht ig Mqopar| eo`

Fewahdo|( liqh` peka io pma herca|p ig peok be|a` criqo` girla|/ Bt pma pdja D aopara` pma

Riteh Jdhdpert Eleàjt( \eo`mqr|p( D raehdva` D se| oi |preocar pi jdhdpert pelpdl|% Pma

jd` ~ardi` ig jt jdhdpert leraar lidoldà` sdpm pma dopri`qlpdio ig pma Brdceà eo`

Bepphacriq~ Predoar/ Maeùqerpar| |pe “ pma ~hetar| “ sara pa|pa` iwar |awareh èt| bt

|lrd~pa` mdcmar eo` hisar lioprihhar|( aocecajaop| badoc ra|ihwa` bt e lij~qpar/ Dp se|iqp|peo`doc predodoc eo` pmd|( liq~ha` sdpm Lir~| hawah je~ a}arld|a| ep pma Erjt \pe

Lihhaca( ~ra~era` q| gir pma elpdio| ig pma Cqhg Ser/

Do gelp( e| ger e| ser cejdoc se| liolaroa`( sa sara ehji|p iwar dogirja`/ Pma

Liehdpdio se| ~dppa` ecedo|p e jiàrepaht |dva` racdioeh |pepa/ Ois dp d| koiso pi mewa

baao e wart qoauqeh liopa|p sdpm Dreud |praocpm| iwar a|pdjepa`/ Bqp sa me` |pq`da` pmadr

|qlla|| do e `daraop kdo` ig ser ecedo|p Dreo eo` gilq|a` io uqeopdpda| ig jeo~isar(

erpdhhart eo` peok|/ Pma|a gelpir| sara ga` dopi iqr ser cejdoc lij~qpar ep pma Riteh

Erjejaop Ra|aerlm eo` @awahi~jaop A|pebhd|mjaop ep Girp Meh|pae`( dcoirdoc pma

mqjeo uqehdpda| ig pma aoajt/ E| e ra|qhp sa a}~alpa`( smao sa lri||a` pma biràr dopi

Dreu( pi jaap ehh |irp| ig mirrir|( smdlm `d` oip jepardehdva/ \i dg pmep e|~alp se| oip

pmep mah~gqh( pma predodoc pmep sa me` raladwa` do pma Brdceà Predoar larpedoht se|/ Dp

ra~hdlepa` pi ~argalpdio pma lmei| pmep a}d|p| smao cmpdoc liopdoqiq|ht gir giqr èt|/

Pma ha||io| sa haerop ebiqp ser cejdoc ~ra~erepdio( bqdh`doc do liogq|dio( oid|a eo`

|haa~ à~rdwepdio( mewa baao q|a` eo` aomeola` do pma predodoc ois qoàrpekao bt

brdceà| i~arepdoc do Egcmeod|peo/

D lijjao` Lmrd| Hasdo gir cdwdoc q| pmd| rajerkebha biik iqphdodoc pma md|pirt ig

ser cejdoc iwar pma laopqrda|/ Pi rae` mis dp me| àwahi~a` eo` baao q|a`( oip ioht

pi aoparpedo ehh eca| bqp eh|i do mah~doc pi predo erja` girla| pmriqcmiqp pma sirh`( d|

aocri||doc/



DOPRI@QLPDIO

”Craep ~rdola| mewa craep ~hetpmdoc| “ Bqp ser—| e ceja( smdlm( sara pmadr |qbfalp| sd|a(

Kdoc| siqh` oip ~het ep/— Sdhhdej Lis~ar -*$( Pma Pe|k( W( '

Ser Ceja| liwar| pma jeot kdo`| ig ceja| liooalpa` sdpm ser eo` edj| pi |mis mis

pmat mewa awihwa` q~ pi pma ~ra|aop pdja/

\ardiq| ser ceja| era ~heta` bt |ija ig pma ji|p ~isargqh ~ai~ha do pma sirhòiseèt| “ ~ai~ha smi mih` pma ~isar ig hdga eo` àepm do pmadr meo`| “ eo` pmadr

a}~ardaola| do pma ceja| jet sahh doqaola pmadr àld|dio| do raeh hdga/ E| iqphdoa` do

Lme~par ( pma|a ceja| igpao |djqhepa jefir ser| ig pma gqpqra pmep sdhh q|a |prepacdl ir

pelpdleh oqlhaer sae~io|/ Smdha |qlm ceja| era do ~ricra||( ir`doert ~ai~ha era oi jira

pmeo ~eso| io e lij~ha}( jqhpd*`djao|dioeh lma||bier`( eo` pmadr le|qehpt repa| jara

|pepd|pdl|/ Eo dj~irpeop uqa|pdio d| smapmar pma liopdoqeh q|a ig ser ceja| do ildeh

uqerpar| jeka| dp jira( ir ha||( hdkaht pmep oepdio| sdhh ajberk io liodlp do pma r|p ~hela/

Jiraiwar( mis ger ì pma a}~ardaola| sdpmdo e ceja ~riwdà rahdebha do|dcmp dopi pma

~ri|~alp| gir jdhdpert |qlla||9 Eo` jdcmp |ija ceja| elpqehht ba jd|hae`doc9Pma biik gihhis| pma hioc md|pirt ig ser ceja|( ipmar pmeo raeh*hdga jdhdpert

jeoiaqwra|( grij pmadr dooilqiq| ralraepdioeh bacdoodoc| jeot laopqrda| eci -igpao do

mdcmht eb|prelp girj|$( pmriqcm pmadr craepar raehd|j eo` dolrae|doc q|a do pma odoapaaopm

eo` psaopdapm laopqrda|( rdcmp ìso pi pma jqhpdpqà ig ser ceja| pmep era ~heta` ehh iwar

pma sirh` pièt “ bipm bt pma ~qbhdl eo` bt mdcm*reokdoc ildeh|/ Oip ioht sdhh sa cap

rajdoàr| ig mis sergera me| awihwa` iwar pma taer|( bqp eh|i mis pma ceja| pmaj|ahwa|

mewa lmeoca`; gir a}ej~ha( bt dopri`qldoc lmeola ahajaop| eo` hdjdpa` dogirjepdio( ir

bt dolrae|doc pmadr |li~a/ E| sa |mehh |aa( ioa ig pma ji|p dj~irpeop àwahi~jaop| me|

baao pma dopri`qlpdio ig ahalpriodl lij~qpar|( smdlm me| jeà jqlm jira lij~ha}

ceja| ~relpdlebha/ Pmiqcm jeot ig pma be|dl dàe| ig pre`dpdioeh ser cejdoc rajedoqolmeoca` do pma|a ahalpriodl ceja|( pma wart ralaop e~~aereola ig raeh*hdga ltbar ser me|

jeà dp hdkaht pmep oas girj| ig ser ceja sdhh ba àwahi~a` do gqpqra/

Jt gepmar ~i||a||a` ioa ir psi ser ceja| eo` dowaopa` ioa mdj|ahg/ ^hetdoc pma|a

ceja| sdpm mdj |pdjqhepa` jt iso ge|ldoepdio sdpm pma |qbfalp( eo` ep pma eca ig pao

-ois jeot taer| eci$ D àwd|a` ioa ig jt iso( sdpm hdppha ler`bier` |uqera| ra~ra|aopdoc

maewt peok|( hdcmp peok| eo` dogeoprt( smdlm jiwa` elri|| e herca |uqera` bier` eo`

le~pqra` piso|/

E| eo e`qhp D mewa ehset| seopa` pi srdpa io pma md|pirt ig ser ceja|( bqp e~erp grij

eo erpdlha do eo Ejardleo ceja| jecevdoa do ( D me` oip elmdawa` pmd| ejbdpdio qopdhois/ Pma biik |perp| bt à|lrdbdoc ser ceja| pmep sara ~heta` do eoldaop eo` ja`daweh

pdja|( eo` do hepar taer| ìso pi ebiqp / \iio egpar dp se| raehd|a` pmep ceja|

liqh` ~het e q|agqh riha do predodoc jdhdpert ilar| eo` |~aldeh ceja| sara dowaopa` gir



Ser Ceja|=

pma ~qr~i|a/ Pma biik liwar| pma àwahi~jaop ig ceja| ig pmd| pt~a( e| sahh e| |djdher

ceja| pmep sara àwahi~a` grij pma ao` ig pma odoapaaopm laopqrt ioser`| gir predodoc

oeweh ilar|/ Dp d| ~i||dbha( pmiqcm sa sdhh oawar kois gir larpedo( pmep |ija ig pma|a

ceja| hepar doqaola` raeh*hdga beppha| do smdlm pma ~hetar| e||qja` hae`doc riha|/

Do e``dpdio( ioa ig pma biik—| ~rdjert ~qr~i|a| d| pi à|lrdba gir pma r|p pdja pma

gqhh reoca ig ser ceja| pmep sara lijjarldehht ~ri`qla` gir pma ~qbhdl/ \ija ig pma|aceja| sara dopaoà` gir e`qhp|( pi aoebha pmaj pi àwahi~ eo` ~relpdla |prepacdl |kdhh|(

ir awao pi cedo e ~erpdeh do|dcmp dopi raeh*hdga ser|( smdha ipmar| sara edja` ep paaoecar|

ir tiqocar lmdh`rao( pi cdwa pmaj e ewiqr ig ser| pmep sara pmao do pma oas|/ Do ehh

le|a| pma ceja| ~riwdà` i~~irpqodpda| gir aofitjaop eo` rahe}epdio( do liopre|p pi pma

elpqehdpt ig ser dp|ahg/

Bapsaao pmaj pma ~qbhd|ma` ceja| ra~ra|aop e je||dwa dowa|pjaop ig mqjeo docaoqdpt(

igpao lijbdoa` sdpm wart dj~ra||dwa erpsirk pmep awika| |ija ig pma raehdpda| ig ser/

Pmara d|( ig liqr|a( oi set pmep e ceja siqh` awar |mis pma prqa mirrir| ig ser( bqp e

gas ig pmaj ì lija lhi|a pi ~irpretdoc e|~alp| ig ser do mqjeo parj|( repmar pmeo fq|p

e| bhilk| jiwdoc io e bier`/ Ipmar ceja|( misawar( era ehji|p aopdraht do`daraop pi pma

mqjeo lio|auqaola| eo` wdas ser jira e| eo dopahhalpqeh a}arld|a do |prepact eo` pelpdl|/

Wart gas ceja| pmep D mewa lija elri|| jeka eot ragaraola pi ragqcaa| aadoc grij pma

cmpdoc( awao pmiqcm pmd| d| oaerht ehset| |aao do raeh*hdga liodlp|/

Pma iqpbraek ig e jefir ser q|qehht |pdjqhepa` pma ~qbhdlepdio ig e gra|m lri~ ig ser

ceja|/ Do pma \~eod|m“Ejardleo Ser ~ri`qla` eo a}lahhaop criq~ ig oeweh ceja|

do pma Q\E/ Ep pma |perp ig pma Gdr|p Sirh` Ser pmara sara jeot oas ceja| ig e jdhdpert

ir oeweh lmerelpar( bipm do Brdpedo eo` Carjeot/ @qrdoc pma jiopm| gihhisdoc pma |perp ig

pma \alio` Sirh` Ser( oas ceja| dolhqà` oip ioht |ija be|a` io jdhdpert |prepact bqp

eh|i |awareh raalpdoc liolaro| ebiqp pma aalp| ig pma ser io ldwdhdeo hdga/ Do ( |iioegpar pma Q\E me` aopara` pma ser( e oqjbar ig jdhdpert ceja| sara ~qbhd|ma` pmara/

Pma ~qbhd|ma` ceja| mewa q|qehht raalpa` pma hepa|p prao`| do pma auqd~jaop sdpm

smdlm pma lqrraop liodlp se| badoc giqcmp/ Bt ( smao Jiàro Oeweh Sergera

e~~aera`( |edhdoc |md~| me` cdwao set pi beppha|md~|( lrqd|ar|( à|pritar|( eo` pir~aì

biep|/ @qrdoc pma ser ig *( ceja| be|a` io |qbjerdoa| e~~aera` gir pma r|p

pdja/ Ji|p ig pma ipmar ceja| ~qbhd|ma` `qrdoc pmi|a taer| sara be|a` io jdhdpert ir

oeweh |qrgela girla|( eo` gas piik elliqop ig edr ~isar qopdh pma wart ao` ig pma ~ardi`/

Misawar( do *( edrlregp cqra` ~rijdoaopht( awao do jdhdpert eo` oeweh ceja|/ Ioa

ir psi ceja| eh|i liolaoprepa` io bijbdoc red`|( smdha oeweh ceja| dolhqà` liowit|

ig jarlmeop |md~|/ Hepar( ioa ra~qcoeop ceja ig se| awao be|a` io e liodlp sdpm

oqlhaer jd||dha|/

Pma ~hetdoc japmi`| ig jeot ig pma ~qbhd|ma` ser ceja| sara oip be|a` io irdcdoeh

~rdold~ha|/ Pmara sara oqjariq| prelk ceja|( smara ~dala| jiwa` riqo` e prelk do

ellirèola sdpm pma pmris ig `dla( eo` pma iqplija se| àparjdoa` |ihaht bt hqlk/

\awareh ig pma Carjeo ceja| ~qbhd|ma` do pma | eo` —| sara rajeka| ig ceja|

smdlm me` r|p e~~aera` do */ Dp d| eh|i dopara|pdoc pmep |ija ig pma Carjeo ceja|

ig pma | eo` —| sara pma |eja e| pma ja`daweh lmdh`mii` ceja ig Gi} eo` Caa|a

“ ioht `ra||a` q~ sdpm serhdka cre~mdl|/ Oawarpmaha|| pmara sara chirdiq| a}la~pdio|(

smara craep irdcdoehdpt se| `d|~heta` eo` a}lahhaop ceja| sara lraepa`/ \ijapdja| sakois pma oeja ig pma ceja—| dowaopir( eo` smara sa ì dp d| ioht rdcmp pi cdwa pmaj pma

lra`dp pmep d| pmadr `qa/



4Dopri`qlpdio

Jeot irdcdoeh ser ceja| r|p e~~aera` do Brdpedo( Carjeot( ir pma Qodpa` \pepa|( bqp

pma Graolm dowaopa` ep hae|p psi iqp|peo`docht |qlla||gqh ser ceja|/ Pma r|p ig pma|a

se| H—Eppeuqa ( smdlm se| irdcdoehht ~epaopa` do bqp aofita` craep ~i~qherdpt do

Brdpedo grij pma | ioser`|/ Doàa`( dp| lhi|a |qlla||ir( \prepaci( d| |pdhh badoc jeà( eo`

lij~qpar war|dio| mewa eh|i e~~aera`/ H—Eppeuqa eh|i |priocht doqaola` pma àwahi~jaop

ig ipmar ceja|( oipebht @iwar êprih ( Ewdepdio( eo` Prd*Pelpdl|/ Pma |alio` wart |qlla||gqhGraolm ceja se| ~qbhd|ma` bt Se``docpio| do e| Rd|k( smdlm se| pma Aochd|m

heocqeca war|dio ig He Liouqæpa `q Jioà( dowaopa` bt Ehbarp Hejird||a/

Jt iso ~arla~pdio ig ser ceja| d| pmep pma ba|p ig pmaj ~riwdà e grejasirk do

smdlm psi ~ai~ha( ir |ijapdja| jira( leo mewa e grdao`ht dopahhalpqeh |prqccha pmep d|

|pdjqhepdoc eo` a}ldpdoc do oepqra/ Smdha Lma|| “ ioa ig pma aerhda|p ser ceja| “ d| ebha

pi ~riwdà |qlm e grejasirk( dp| eb|prelp oepqra eo` rahepdwaht |dj~ha |prqlpqra jaeo pmep

pmara d| oi |ao|a ig raehd|j eo` pmep ji|p ig pma ~i||dbha |prepacda| mewa ehrae`t baao

|pq`da` a}pao|dwaht bt Lma|| je|par|/ Jiraiwar( Lma|| me| oi ahajaop ig hqlk( smarae|

|ija ig pma hepar ser ceja| |~aldlehht dopri`qla` e lmeola ahajaop( gir a}ej~ha pmriqcm

pma q|a ig `dla pi àparjdoa pma oqjbar ig ~dala| pmep liqh` ba jiwa` ir pma ra|qhp|

ig lijbep|/ \qlm ceja| aoebha e saekar ~hetar pi sdo ille|dioehht( smdh|p eh|i girldoc

pma ~hetar| pi pmdok ebiqp pma hdkahdmii` ig werdiq| iqplija| bagira pmat jeka e jiwa/

Pma uqehdpda| oaaà` pi ~het ehh |prepacdl ser ceja| sahh dolhqà girapmiqcmp( pma ebdhdpt

pi jeka e ~heo eo` a}alqpa dp( ewidèola ig pma paj~pepdio pi iwar*raelm ioa|ahg smao

a}~ardaoldoc eo e`weopeca( eo` pma liqreca pi gela qoa}~alpa` e`war|a àwahi~jaop|

lehjht eo` sdpm ra|ihqpdio/ Pma|a era |ija ig pma |eja uqehdpda| smdlm era rauqdra` ig

raeh*hdga haeàr|( oip fq|p do jdhdpert fib| bqp e| |pepa|jao eo` e| pma jeoecar| ig herca

lij~eoda|/

Mis eccra||dwa era ~ai~ha smao pmat ~het ser ceja|9 Do eo a}~ardjaop( tiqocjao eo` sijao do pma Lejbrd`ca JE erae sara ~edra` i pi ~het e |djqhepa` lrd|d|

ceja do e oapsirka` lij~qpar hebirepirt/ Aelm ~erpdld~eop( q|doc md| ir mar iso ~rdwepa

lij~qpar parjdoeh( ~heta` pma haeàr ig e liqoprt pmep se| do `d|~qpa sdpm e oadcmbiqrdoc

liqoprt ebiqp oasht `d|liwara` `dejio` ra|iqrla| ehioc pma biràr/ Ep awart pqro

~hetar| liqh` ehhilepa gqo`| pi do`q|prdeh ir jdhdpert |praocpm( eo` pmat liqh` adpmar

oacipdepa sdpm pmadr i~~ioaop ir jeka ser( pma edj ig pma ceja badoc pi cedo saehpm

-ioa set ig ìdoc pmd| badoc pi elmdawa |qlla|| do beppha$/ Liodlp| sara àparjdoa`

ellir`doc pi pma |praocpm ig pma jdhdpert ra|iqrla| lijjdppa` io aelm |dà( lijbdoa`

sdpm e lmeola jalmeod|j |djdher pi pmrisdoc e `da/ Dp se| giqo` pmep ~ai~ha paoà` pi

ba iwar*lioàop ebiqp pmadr lmeola| ig |qlla|| bagira ~hetdoc( eo` pmep pmi|a smi sara

jira iwar*lioàop -a|~aldehht jao$ sara jira hdkaht pi eppelk `qrdoc pma ceja/

Ioa ig pma a||aopdeh gaepqra| ig |prepacdl eo` pelpdleh ser ceja| d| pmep pmat dowihwa

pma le~pqra ig aoajt ~dala| ir parrdpirt/ Dp d| dopara|pdoc pi |aa pma werdapt ig japmi`|

ig le~pqra pmep mewa baao aj~hita` iwar pma laopqrda|/ ârme~| pma ji|p lijjio d|

pma ra~helajaop japmi`( e| q|a` do Lma||( smara tiq jiwa tiqr ~dala pi pma hilepdio

illq~da` bt pma i~~i|doc ~dala badoc pekao/ Do pma eoldaop Craak ceja ig âppade( pma

doparla~pdio japmi` d| q|a`( smarabt tiq aolhi|a pma aoajt jeo bapsaao psi ig tiqr

iso jao io e`felaop |uqera|/ Pmd| d| eh|i ioa ig pma japmi`| aj~hita` do pma \alio`

Sirh` Ser ceja CMU ( ~qbhd|ma` do pma Q\E bt pma A/ R/ Gedrlmdh` Lir~irepdio/ Do pmaeoldaop Lmdoa|a ceja Sad Lmd ( parrdpirt eo` i~~i|doc jao era le~pqra` bt |qrriqo`doc

pmaj( smdha do Geoirioe tiq leo le~pqra e smiha hdoa ig jao bt e~~rielmdoc dp/ \ija



Ser Ceja|5>

ceja| rauqdra le~pqra| pi ba jeà bt psi ir jira ig tiqr jao elpdoc picapmar( e| do pma

ja`daweh ^mdhi|i~mar|— Ceja/ Do ipmar ceja| tiq le~pqra eo aoajt ~dala bt fqj~doc iwar

dp( e| do @reqcmp|/ Smep jdcmp ba lehha` pma ”erpdhhart japmi`—( smdlm d| q|a` do jeot ig pma

jira jiàro ceja|( d| smara tiqr ~dala rajedo| |pepdioert eo` ra| ep pma ~dala badoc

pekao( awao pmiqcm dp d| |ija set eset/ Do |ija ceja| `dla era q|a` pi àparjdoa pma

ra|qhp| ig eo eppaj~p pi jeka e le~pqra( pmq| dopri`qldoc eo ahajaop ig hqlk/ Pma ra|qhp|jet ba sadcmpa`( |i pmep |qlla|| à~ao`| io pma |praocpm ig pma girla| dowihwa` do pma

lijbep( eo` dp jet awao ba pma le|a pmep pma eppelkdoc ~dala dp|ahg d| à|prita` do |ija

pmris|/ Ille|dioehht tiq mewa pi pmris pma `dla psdla( iola pi àparjdoa dg tiq mewa

|lira` e mdp( eo` dg |i( eoipmar pmris pi àparjdoa pma àcraa ig èjeca/ Do |ija ceja|

mdp| era lqjqhepdwa( |i pmep pma r|p mdp io e ~dala ra`qla| dp| rdoc le~eldpt ioht( eo` e

|alio` ir pmdr` mdp jet ba oaaà` pi lij~hapa dp| à|prqlpdio/ Misawar( `dla*pmrisdoc

leo balija pa`diq| dg e herca oqjbar ig pmris| era rauqdra` aelm pqro “ e| |ijapdja|

me~~ao| do Rd|k( gir a}ej~ha/

Ioa ig pma kat e||qj~pdio| do ji|p ig pma|a aerht ceja| d| pmep tiqr girla| rajedo tiqr

iso pmriqcmiqp pma ceja/ Awao pmiqcm raeh hdga ~riwdà` jeot a}ej~ha| ig prii~| smi

à|arpa` pi pma aoajt( pmd| se| oip eo awaopqehdpt pmep pma rqha| ig pma|a ceja| oirjehht

aowd|eca`/ Oi ìqbp dp se| gahp pmep praelmariq| bamewdiqr |miqh` oip ba aoliqreca`/

Do ji|p ig pma aerhdar ceja| à|lrdba` do pmd| biik( tiq mewa gqhh dogirjepdio ebiqp pma

hilepdio eo` dàopdpt ig pma i~~i|doc ~dala|( pmiqcm pmd| d| oip q|qehht pma le|a do raeh hdga/

Misawar( Krdac||~dah ( e predodoc ceja gir pma Carjeo erjt( r|p ~qbhd|ma` do ( q|a`

eo qj~dra pi cdwa pma ~hetar| ioht hdjdpa` dogirjepdio ebiqp pma aoajt `d|~i|dpdio| qopdh

pma i~~i|doc erjda| leja lhi|a picapmar/ H—Eppeuqa eo` dp| àrdwepdwa| sara ejioc pma

r|p ceja| gir pma ~qbhdl pmep hdkasd|a ~riwdà` ioht hdjdpa` dogirjepdio pi pma ~hetar|(

elmdawdoc pmd| bt |peo`doc pma ~dala| q~ do |qlm e set pmep pmat sara ehset| geldoc pmadr ~hetar( smdha mewdoc pmadr dàopdleh belk| geldoc pma i~~ioaop/ Ehpmiqcm dp d| lijjioht

bahdawa` pmep H—Eppeuqa ( smdlm se| ~epaopa` do Greola do ( se| pma r|p ceja ig pmd|

pt~a( pmd| d| oip do gelp pma le|a( |dola e hdppha ceja io |djdher ~rdold~ha|( lehha` Biqola (

~ralaà` dp eo` se| jerkapa` do Aocheo` gir e hdjdpa` ~ardi` grij ioser`|/ Do

pma \alio` Sirh` Ser pma qo~qbhd|ma` ceja Oewdcepdio elmdawa` e àcraa ig |alralt bt

criq~doc |md~| bagira pma ceja dopi aap|( |i pmep tiq liqh` |aa pma hilepdio ig aelm

aoajt aap bqp `d` oip kois smdlm |md~| sara do dp qopdh beppha se| fidoa`/ Do |awareh

~qbhd|ma` oeweh ceja|( ~hetar| sara rauqdra` pi het jdoaah`| |alrapht bagira pma ceja

|perpa`( oipdoc ìso pmadr hilepdio| |i pmep pmat liqh` ba rawaeha` smao aoajt |md~||edha` dopi pmaj/ Do @d~hijelt -$( ehh pma ~hetar| rawaeh pmadr jiwa| |djqhpeoaiq|ht(

|i tiq mewa pi jeka aelm jiwa sdpmiqp gqhh dogirjepdio ebiqp smep ipmar ~hetar| era

ìdoc/ Dp d| ioht raehht smao dp lija| pi jiàro lij~qpar ceja| pmep pma ”gic ig ser— me|

baao dopri`qla` wart |qlla||gqhht/ Do Ra` Eharp ( gir a}ej~ha( tiq leo |aa io pma |lraao pma

hilepdio do pma erae djja`depaht riqo` tiqr be|a( bqp jira `d|peop hilepdio| era bhelka`

iqp qopdh tiq jiwa tiqr ~dala| dopi pmaj/

Ep pma ipmar ao` ig pma dopahhalpqeh |leha( |ija ser ceja| sara aopdraht à~aoàop io

hqlk( sdpm oi |kdhh rauqdra` grij pma ~hetar ep ehh/ Do pma |dj~ha prelk ceja|( smara ~dala|

jiwa` ehioc e prelk ellir`doc pi pma pmris ig pma `dla( pmara sara werdiq| mever`| ehioc

pma set dg tiq heoà` io ~erpdlqher |uqera|( eo` tiq mi~a` pi ba pma r|p ~hetar pi raelm

pma ao` ig pma prelk/ Pmd| se| e gejdhder jiàh pmep se| lijjio pi jeot lmdh`mii`

ceja|( oip fq|p pmi|a rahepdoc pi ser/ Do pma le|a ig ser ceja|( pma prelk jdcmp ra~ra|aop



55Dopri`qlpdio

e witeca ir eo eardeh |irpda/ Ehparoepdwaht dp jdcmp ra~ra|aop e leraar do pma erja` girla|(

smara pma ~hetar| |perpa` ep pma hisa|p reok eo` liqh` awaopqehht ao` q~ e| ah` jer|mehir e`jdreh/ \qlm ceja| gejdhderd|a` lmdh`rao sdpm pma werdiq| reok| ehioc pma set eo`

liqh` ~arme~| aoliqreca pmaj pi hepar peka q~ |qlm e leraar pmaj|ahwa|/

Ji|p ig pma ser ceja| dowaopa` do eoldaop eo` ja`daweh pdja| sara ig eo eb|prelp oepqra(

hdka Lma||( eo` `d` oip ~qr~irp pi ra~ra|aop raehdpt/ Qopdh pma odoapaaopm laopqrt( ceja|

à~dlpdoc raeh*hdga lej~edco| sara oip ewedhebha gir pma ~qbhdl/ Ehh pmep lmeoca`( misawar(

smao pma âodo|qher Ser se| ep dp| madcmp do ( eo` pma Graolm erjt do \~edo eo`

îrpqceh se| |perpdoc pi ba ~q|ma` belk piser`| Greola e| pma Ehhda| e`weola`/ Io Jet

pmep taer F/ Bqlkheo` ~qbhd|ma` e ceja lehha` Pma âodo|qhe( smdlm se| be|a` io e je~ ig

pma psi liqoprda| eo` |misa` piso| eo` rdwar|/ Pma Graolm erjt |perpa` do pma pi~ rdcmp*meo` liroar ig pma bier`( oaer pma biràr sdpm Greola( eo` pma Ehhda| |perpa` elri|| e brie`

griop io pma hagp*meo` |dà ig pma bier`( ra~ra|aopdoc pma |peca pma lej~edco me` elpqehht

raelma`/ ^hetar| ig pmd| ceja djja`depaht egpar dp| ~qbhdlepdio siqh` mewa baao qolarpedo

ig pma awaopqeh iqplija ig pma raeh*hdga ser( eo` sara ~ribebht mi~doc pmep pma ceja

siqh` cdwa pmaj eo do|dcmp dopi pma èocar| eo` `dlqhpda| pmep het emae`/ Pmat siqh`

mewa baao a}ldpa` smao pma Ehhda| riqpa` pma Graolm erjt ep pma Beppha ig Wdpirde io

Fqoa( bqp à|~ioàop smao pma Graolm |iio giqcmp belk eo` àgaepa` pma Ehhda| do psi

jira beppha|/ Misawar( pmd| à|~ioàolt siqh` oip mewa he|pa` hioc( smao pmat haerop pmep

pma Graolm erjt me` a` egpar pma Ehhda| sio pma Beppha ig \ireqrao ep pma ao` ig Fqht/ Pma

Ehhda| pmao gihhisa` q~ sdpm gqrpmar wdlpirda|( lqhjdoepdoc do pma Beppha ig Betiooa io E~rdh pma gihhisdoc taer/ Betiooa se| jerka` ep pma pi~ a`ca ig pma bier` ig pma ceja( |i

~hetar| siqh` mewa baao sahh esera pmep pma raeh*hdga ser me` bt pmao baao sio/

Grij Hdppha Ser| bt M/ C/ Sahh|( /



Ser Ceja|52

Smaoawar e raeh*hdga liodlp me| illqrra` |dola pmao( dp me| q|qehht ~rij~pa` pma

~qbhdlepdio ig ceja| pmep era be|a` io dp( |i e| pi cdwa pma ~qbhdl e pe|pa ig pma lqrraop

|dpqepdio ir |~aldl ralaop beppha|/ Ceja à|dcoar| mewa me` pi |prqccha sdpm lraepdoc

e cii` beheola bapsaao pma lij~ha}dpt oaaà` gir craepar raehd|j eo` pma |dj~hdldpt

rauqdra` gir e ~relpdleh ceja pmep leo ba ~heta` sdpmdo e rae|ioebha pdja|leha( sdpmiqp

rauqdrdoc ~hetar| pi haero a}pao|dwa rqha|/ Pma à|lrd~pdio| do pmd| biik àjio|prepa pmep

pma a}paop pi smdlm raehd|j se| elmdawa` do pma japmi` ig ~het werda` craepht grij ioa

ceja pi eoipmar/ Do |ija le|a|( e`à` raehd|j se| ~riwdà` bt pma cre~mdl| q|a` gir pma

bi} hd` eo` pma bier`( smarae| ipmar ceja| jeà oi eppaj~p pi ì |i/

Do pma taer| |mirpht bagira pma Gdr|p Sirh` Ser( pma eqpmir M/ C/ Sahh| aofita` ~hetdoc

mija*jeà ser ceja| sdpm md| |io| io e oqr|art iir liwara` sdpm hdoihaqj ir lirk

ler~ap( q|doc pit |ih`dar|/ Pmd| se| ep e pdja smao ~isargqh oepdio| sara àwahi~doc pmadr

erjda| eo` oewda|( eo` pma smiha dàe ig ser ceja| se| wart jqlm do pma edr( sdpm jeot

bier` ceja| à~dlpdoc beppha| badoc ~qbhd|ma`/ Pma auqd~jaop q|a` bt Sahh| dolhqà`

pit |ih`dar| eo` ldwdhdeo cqra|( e bi} ig brdlk|( bier`| eo` ~heok|( eo` e lhilksirk

redhset/ Pma ji|p dj~irpeop dpaj( misawar( se| e pit |~rdoc braalm*hieàr cqo( smdlmra` e siiào lthdoàr ebiqp eo dolm hioc eo` se| le~ebha ig mdppdoc e pit |ih`dar odoa

pdja| iqp ig pao ep e `d|peola ig ter`|/ Miq|a|( le|pha| eo` lmqrlma| sara jeà iqp ig

ler`bier`/ \ija |dj~ha rqha| sara cre`qehht àwahi~a`( gir a}ej~ha pmep eo dogeoprtjeo

liqh` ba jiwa` q~ pi giip aelm jiwa( e cqo liqh` ioht ba ra` dg pmara sara ep hae|p

giqr ig dp| jao sdpmdo dolma| ig dp( eo` e cqo liqh` ra q~ pi giqr |mip| ~ar jiwa/

Qohdka ji|p ig pma ceja| à|lrdba` do pma ~ra|aop biik( e àcraa ig ~mt|dleh |kdhh se|

rauqdra` pi ra pma cqo ellqrepaht/

Sahh| lijjaop| do Hdppha Ser| -$ pmep smao eot jdhdpert ~ar|io me` ~heta` md|

ser ceja( pmat |iio cip dopi `dlqhpda| eo` liogq|dio( o`doc dp ~ribhajepdl pi je|par awao dp| ahajaopert rqha|/ Ma liolhqà| pmep do raeh sergera( ”Oip ioht era pma je||a|

ig jao eo` jepardeh eo` |qardoc eo` doliowaodaola pii jio|priq|ht bdc gir rae|io(

bqp pma ewedhebha mae`| sa mewa gir dp( era pii |jehh/ Pmep( D pmdok( d| pma ji|p ~eldl

raehd|epdio lioladwebha/— Pmd| ehh pii prqa liolhq|dio( cdwao pma jdhhdio| smi `da` do pma

ser `qrdoc pma oa}p wa taer|( d| fq|p ioa a}ej~ha ig mis ha||io| haerop grij ~hetdoc

ser ceja| liqh` mewa e wehqa do pma raeh sirh` “ awao pièt/ Sahh| eh|i jaopdio| pmep ma

me` lirra|~ioà` sdpm jdhdpert ~ai~ha smi bahdawa` md| ceja liqh` ba àwahi~a` dopi

e wdwd` eo` do|~drdoc ceja gir predodoc erjt ~ar|iooah( eo` ma |qcca|p| |ija a}paoà`

ceja rqha| gir pmd| ~qr~i|a/

Do pma Qodpa` \pepa|( @isèhh eo` Chae|io à|lrdba` e ceja sdpm pit |ih`dar| pmep se|

wart |djdher pi pma ioa ~heta` aerhdar bt M/ C/ Sahh|( pmiqcm pmadr| se| ~heta` io e je~

`reso gir pma ~qr~i|a eo` hed` iqp io pma iir ir e pebha( eo` me` e craepar aj~me|d| io

|~aldl rqha|/ Raeh ~rifalpdha| sara oip q|a` eo` liodlp| sara àparjdoa` bt pma q|a ig

e |~dooar/ Dp se| oip qopdh pma aerht |( misawar( pmep ser ceja| sdpm pit |ih`dar| raehht

piik i( eo` jeot criq~| ig ~hetar| |perpa` pi ra*aoelp raeh md|pirdleh |laoerdi|( q|doc

jiàh |ih`dar| pmep sara ~edopa` pi ra~ra|aop pma qodgirj| ig pma ~ardi`/ Do Aocheo` dp

se| @ioeh` Gaepmar|pioa smi ji|p |pdjqhepa` pmd| àwahi~jaop( srdpdoc jira pmeo |d}pt

biik| pmep cewa |qdpebha rqha| gir jeot `daraop ~ardi`| eo` beppha|/ Do Dopri`qlpdio pi Beppha

Cejdoc -$( Sd|a e`wd|a| ecedo|p hetdoc iqp pma beppha io pma iir( |etdoc( ”oip ioht ì tiq cap |ira koaa| eo` eo elmdoc belk bqp |ijaioa ehset| jeoeca| pi aopar pma riij

ep e wdpeh jijaop eo` prae` io pma girser` ~i|dpdio|/— Md| biik dhhq|prepa| e `dodoc pebha



5<Dopri`qlpdio

smdlm me| baao liowarpa` dopi e bepphaah` bt liwardoc dp sdpm eo ih` pebhalhipm eo`

jekdoc mdhh| grij lq|mdio|( biik| eo` e ~qhhiwar ~hela` qoàroaepm/

Hiikdoc belk ep lijjarldehht ~ri`qla` ser ceja| iwar pma he|p liq~ha ig laopqrda|(

sa leo |aa pmep jeot ig pmaj sara a~majareh baleq|a pmat sara igpao be|a` io e ser

lqrraopht do ~ricra||( eo` dopara|p do pma ceja oepqrehht geà` iola pma ser se| iwar/ Ioa

rae|io gir pmd| se| ~ribebht pmep ~ai~ha me` balija pdra` ig pma mirrir| eo` mer`|md~|

ig ser( eo` `d` oip sd|m pi ba rajdoà` ig pmaj/ Eoipmar ~i||dbha rae|io se| pmep pmaceja jet mewa baao |aao e| ib|ihapa baleq|a dp se| iwarpekao bt oas àwahi~jaop| do

raeh*hdga sergera eo` sae~io|/ E| e ra|qhp pma|a ceja| sara igpao pmriso eset( ir ~arme~|

~qp dopi pma higp eo` gircippao( ioht pi ajarca jeot taer| hepar eo` e~~aer io jerkap

|pehh| eo` iohdoa eqlpdio |dpa|/ Pmd| jaeo| pmep( smdha jeot ig pma ceja| mewa balija

|lerla( pmara d| |pdhh e lmeola pmep tiq jet ille|dioehht |aa eo i~~irpqodpt pi eluqdra ioa

pmep d| dopara|pdoc/ Pmd| biik sdhh mah~ tiq pi àldà smapmar ir oip pi ì |i/

Smarawar ~i||dbha( Ser Ceja| ~riwdà| dhhq|prepdio| eo` e brdag a|lrd~pdio ig pma ceja

eo` pma japmi` ig ~het( picapmar sdpm e oipa ig pma auqd~jaop irdcdoehht ~riwdà`/ Dg

tiq lija elri|| eo aerht ceja( i oip sirrt dg e gas ~dala| era jd||doc( e| dp d| q|qehht

~i||dbha pi dj~riwd|a/ Pma jedo dpaj pi hiik gir d| pma ceja rqha|( q|qehht ~rdopa` io

adpmar e haeap ir e |maap ~e|pa` do|dà pma ceja hd`( pmiqcm dg pma|a era eb|aop tiq jet ba

ebha pi hilepa pma ceja do e jq|aqj pmep d| sdhhdoc pi |q~~ht e ~mipili~t ig pma rqha|/

@apedh grij Faq `—E||eqp ( l / /



Ser Ceja|50

\ijapdja| fq|p pma ~dala| sdhh ba iara` gir |eha sdpmiqp pma bier`( ir wdla war|e( eo`

dp jet ba sirpmsmdha pi bqt pmaj lmae~ht do pma mi~a ig jekdoc pma ceja lij~hapa

bt eoipmar ~qrlme|a hepar/ Pmd| biik ìa| oip eppaj~p pi ~hela oeoldeh wehqa| io ih`

ser ceja|( bqp ep pma pdja ig srdpdoc -$ awao pma ba|p ceja| do cii` eo` lij~hapa

lio`dpdio era hdkaht pi li|p oi jira pmeo ¬( eo` jeot leo |pdhh ba ibpedoa` gir ha||

pmeo ¬/

Gas oas ser ceja| sara ~qbhd|ma` egpar pma ao` ig pma \alio` Sirh` Ser qopdh

ebiqp ( smao e herca oqjbar ig lij~ha} bier` ceja| |perpa` pi e~~aer( do smdlm

~erpdld~eop| q|qehht ra*giqcmp md|pirdleh beppha| sdpm oqjariq| ler`bier` lqp*iqp ~dala|

io bier`| pmep sara jerka` i sdpm ma}ecio| repmar pmeo |uqera|/ -Pmd| se| e |a~erepa

àwahi~jaop grij pma rawdweh do pma | ig ra*aoelpjaop| ~heta` sdpm jiàh |ih`dar|/$

Iwar ig pma|a ceja| sara lij~ramao|dwaht rawdasa` bt Graajeo( smi ra~irpa` pmep

jira pmeo jdhhdio ig pmaj sara ~qrlme|a` do ehioa/ Pmat sara hercaht |q~ar|aà`

bt hepar ser ceja| ~heta` io he~pi~ lij~qpar|( ioa ig pma r|p eo` ba|p ig pma|a badoc

Ra` Eharp ( smdlm |perpa` pma ”Lijjeo` ' Liouqar— |arda|/ Bt iwar jdhhdio ig

pma ceja| do pmd| |arda| ehioa me` baao |ih` sirh`sdà( eo` oqjariq| |djdher ceja| me`baao ~ri`qla` bt ipmar jeoqgelpqrar|/ Oiseèt| dp d| ~i||dbha pi ~het jeot ig pma|a

lij~qpar ceja| iwar pma doparoap sdpm ~erpdld~eop| do eot ~erp ig pma sirh`/ Misawar(

eo a}~ardaola` eqpmir me| ralaopht ercqa` liowdoldocht pmep( smdha lij~qpar| leo ba

q|agqh gir pelpdleh ceja| “ ~erpdlqherht pma |djqhepdio ig pma gic ig ser( pma q|a ig erpdldeh

dopahhdcaola( eo` pma ebdhdpt pi kaa~ prelk ig jeot qodp| io pma bepphaah` “ pmara era

|pdhh |ija kat e`weopeca| do rahepdwaht |dj~ha bier` ceja|/ Pma à|dco ig ser ceja| d|

jira ig eo erp pmeo e |ldaola( eo` smep jeppar| ji|p d| pi le~pqra pma kat `toejdl| ig

e ~erpdlqher liodlp do e wehd` bqp ~hetebha |djqhepdio/ Pma gihhisdoc ~eca| iqphdoa jeot

dàe| smdlm mewa ajarca` do pma ~e|p gir pmd| ~qr~i|a( pma ba|p ig smdlm mewa cdwao rd|api ceja| pmep era |pdhh aofitebha( a}ldpdoc eo` do|prqlpdwa pièt/

\i smdlm ser ceja| leo ba à|lrdba` e| badoc ejioc pma ba|p9 Awao |ija ig pma ji|p

prdwdeh ceja| mewa a}lahhaop cre~mdl|( bqp D ~ragar ceja| ig |prepact eo` pelpdl|( smdlm

~riwdà eo i~~irpqodpt gir i~~i|doc jdo`| pi |praplm pmaj|ahwa| do grdao`ht lijbep/

Jt ~ar|ioeh gewiqrdpa| dolhqà Lma||( Separhii -êrkar( $( H—Eppeuqa - eo` hepar$(

Kher vqj Cagalmp% -hepa |$( Dowe|dio -@aood| Smaephat( $( CMU -Se``docpio|(

$( Rd|k -Se``docpio|( $( @d~hijelt -$( Jd`set -@r âpar Pqrleo( $( eo`

Lijjeo` ' Liouqar6 Ra` Eharp -$/ Jeot ipmar ceja| era ig lio|dàrebha jardp(

misawar( eo` sahh sirpm prtdoc dg tiq leo o` e li~t/

Pma ra|qhp ig pma rawdweh ig dopara|p do ser ceja| iwar pma he|p taer| d| pmep jeot

~ai~ha ehdwa pièt mewa a}~ardaola` pmaj do ioa girj ir eoipmar( bqp gas era esera

ig pmadr ge|ldoepdoc aerhdar md|pirt/ Gir a}ej~ha( eo erpdlha èpa` pmep e~~aer| io

pma doparoap lijjaola|( ”Lijjarldeh serceja| baceo do pma hepa | ‧— Pmd| biik

d| dopaoà` pi hh pmep ce~/ \ija ig pma hepar àwahi~jaop|( ~erpdlqherht pma q|a ig

lij~qpar|( siqh` ejeva eo` doprdcqa pma ~ai~ha smi q|a` pi ~het pma aerhdar bier`

ceja| à|lrdba` mara( bqp pmat siqh` oip oala||erdht racer` pièt—| ceja| e| |q~ardir pi

pma ioa| pmep pmat pmaj|ahwa| me` ~heta`/



LME^PAR 5

EOLDAOP EO@ JA@DAWEH CEJA\

”Hap mdj smi à|dra| ~aela ~ra~era gir ser/— Wacapdq|( giqrpm laopqrt E@

âi~ha hdwdoc do eoldaop Craala eo` Rija ~heta` |dj~ha ceja| pmep sa leo ralicod|a

e| ~rdjdpdwa ser ceja|/ âppade se| ~heta` do Craala do ep hae|p pma |alio` laopqrt

“ ~ribebht jqlm aerhdar/ Pma àpedh| era oip aopdraht lhaer( bqp dp se| e beppha ceja ~heta`

bt psi ~ai~ha io e bier` ig |ija |dva/ Pmara sara jeot jao io pma bier`( ehh ig smij~ribebht ~i||a||a` e jiwa |djdher pi pmep ig pma riik do Lma||( d/a/( pmat liqh` jiwa

eot oqjbar ig |uqera| girser`|( ir pi hagp ir rdcmp( bqp oip `decioehht eo` ~i||dbht oip

belkser`|/ Le~pqra se| bt pma doparla~pdio japmi`( jaeodoc pmep tiq piik eo aoajt

jeo bt ~heldoc ioa ig tiqr jao io aelm |dà ig dp/ Sa kois pmep pmd| se| pma rqha

gir le~pqra| baleq|a e Craak srdpar ig pma |alio` laopqrt ( Fqhdq| îhhq}( sripa e|

gihhis|6

Pma ceja ~heta` sdpm jeot ~dala| d| e bier` sdpm |~ela| `d|~i|a` ejioc hdoa|; pma

bier` d| lehha` ”ldpt— eo` aelm ~dala e ”ìc—; pma ~dala| era ig psi lihiqr|( eo` pma erp ig

pma ceja lio|d|p| do pekdoc e ~dala ig ioa lihiqr bt aolhi|doc dp bapsaao psi ig pma

ipmar lihiqr/

Pma dopar~rapepdio ig pmd| dj~irpeop eo` dopara|pdoc ~e||eca d| `d|lq||a` ep haocpm bt

Eq|pdo/ Ma |et| pmep eoipmar srdpar( Aq|pepmdq|( a}~hedo| pma parj ”ldpda|— e| pma ih` oeja

gir pma |~ela| io pma bier`( eo` pmara d| e |djdher ragaraola do e ~e||eca bt ^hepi smdlm

jet eh|i rahepa pi pmd| ceja/

Pma |dj~hdldpt ig âppade ~ribebht erd|a| baleq|a dp jet sahh mewa baao ~heta` irdcdoehht

sdpm ~abbha| io e bier` |lreplma` do pma aerpm ir io e ep |pioa/ Pma |dva ig pma bier`

eo` pma oqjbar ig ~abbha| siqh` mewa baao lmi|ao bt pma ~hetar|( à~ao`doc io pmaejiqop ig pdja pmat me` ewedhebha/ Jiàro erpdlha| io pma doparoap mewa |qcca|pa` |ija

àpedha` rqha|( q|doc adpmar eo } ir e } bier`( pmiqcm ioa erpdlha ra~irp| pmep dp|

rqha| ra|qhp do e ceja pmep helk| raeh `toejdl|/

Pma eoldaop Rijeo| ~heta` e ser ceja lehha` Heprqolqhd -ragarra` pi bt |ija srdpar|

e| Hq`q| Heprqolqhirqj$/ Pma r|p jaopdio ig dp d| bt Jerlq| Werri -* $( smi

lijjeoà` ioa ig îj~at—| erjda|( do pma paopm biik ig md| @a Hdocqe Hepdoe( pmiqcm

pma ceja jet ba jqlm ihàr/ Heprqolqhd jet irdcdoehht mewa me` ~hetdoc ~dala| pmep sara

ehh ig pma |eja pt~a( e| do âppade( grij smdlm dp se| ~ribebht àrdwa`/ Pma|a ~dala| sara

oi hiocar ~abbha| bqp sara ep |jiipm |pioa| ir `d|l|/ Misawar( erlmeaihicdleh o`| doDpeht eo` Brdpedo mewa |qcca|pa` pmep( ep hae|p do hepar pdja|( aelm ceja jet eh|i mewa me`

ioa a}pre ~dala ig e `daraop |me~a( smdlm sa jet lehh e kdoc/ Bier`| pmep mewa baao

a}lewepa` era ig werdiq| |dva|( dolhq`doc } ( } ( } eo` } |uqera|( pmiqcm



Ser Ceja|57

|ija jet mewa baao q|a` gir `daraop ceja|/ E oqjbar ig pma|a bier`| mewa baaogiqo` do Brdpedo do girp| ehioc Me`rdeo—| Sehh( |qcca|pdoc pmep pma |ih`dar| ep pma|a rajipa

iqp~i|p| q|a` pma ceja e| e ralraepdio/ Pma rqha| era qokoiso( pmiqcm dp d| wart hdkaht

pmep pma jiwa| eo` japmi`| ig le~pqra sara |djdher pi pmi|a do âppade/ Ecedo( jiàro

erpdlha| io pma doparoap mewa |qcca|pa` rqha|( dolhq`doc pma dàe pmep pma edj ig pma ceja

jet ba pi |qrriqo` pma aoajt kdoc sdpm tiqr ~dala| io ehh giqr |dà|/

Pmara d| e wart dopara|pdoc ~e||eca do pma Heq| ^d|iod|( eo eoiotjiq| sirk ig pma r|p

laopqrt pmep rahepa| pi e ser ceja -~ribebht e war|dio ig Heprqolqhd $( ~heta` io e bier`

sdpm bhelk eo` smdpa che|| |ih`dar| sdpm pma e~~eraop edj ig le~pqrdoc e ldpt smao pma

rej~erp d| ìso/ Pma srdpar |pepa| pmep ma d| oip tap psaopt taer| ih`( eo` à|lrdba| md|

gaahdoc| ebiqp pma psd|p| eo` pqro| ig pma ceja do cre~mdl àpedh “ do e set pmep d| auqehht

e~~hdlebha pi jeot ser ceja| dowaopa` |dola/ Ma à|lrdba| mis e rapraepdoc ~dala jet

dp|ahg le~pqra dp| ~qr|qar/ E ra|arwa ~dala lija| grij eger eo` fido| pma beppha( lmaepdoc pma

aoajt ig md| |~idh/ Smao tiq era |qlla||gqh( tiqr meo`| reppha sdpm pma lris` ig aoajt

~dala| tiq mewa pekao/

Eo aopdraht `daraop kdo` ig eoldaop ser ceja se| dowaopa` do Lmdoe/ Pmd| d| Sad

Lmd -~rioiqola` ”set*lmaa— eo` |ijapdja| koiso e| Ci$( smdlm d| ~heta` io pma

dopar|alpdio| ig e ~hedo } |uqera` bier`( q|doc bhelk eo` smdpa ldrlqher |pioa|/

Fq|p e| do pma le|a ig ipmar eoldaop ceja|( dp liqh` irdcdoehht mewa baao jeà bt q|doc

~abbha| eo` e bier` |lreplma` do pma aerpm/ Tiq eo` tiqr i~~ioaop ehparoepaht ~hela e|pioa ig tiqr iso lihiqr ìso io pma bier` -ehji|p hdka ~ereprii~ar|$ eo` pmat ì oip

|qb|auqaopht jiwa/ Pma edj d| pi |qrriqo` aoajt |pioa|( ir bhilk| ig |pioa|( smdlm era

Sad Lmd − ih` sii`*lerwdoc à~dlpdoc e ceja do ~ricra||/



53 Eoldaop eo` Ja`daweh Ceja|

pmq| le~pqra`( eo` pi |qrriqo` erae| ig parrdpirt/ Pmara era wart gas rqha| eo` pma ceja d|

pmaragira ae|t pi haero/ @a|~dpa pmd|( dp d| ioa ig pma craep dopahhalpqeh ceja| ig pma sirh`(

baleq|a ig pma doprdlelda| pmep leo erd|a do pma ~het/ Pièt pma Sdkd~a`de sab|dpa me| e

hioc erpdlha ebiqp pma rqha| ig pma ceja ig Ci/ Pma eopduqdpt ig pma ceja d| liorja`

bt pma `d|liwart ig e } |pioa bier`( èpa` pi bagira ( eo` e |dhk ~dlpqra ig

e Peoc he`t ~hetdoc pma ceja( eh|i io e } bier`( smdlm d| èpa` eriqo` /

Jiraiwar( gqhh |ap| ig bier`| eo` |pioa| era |ed` pi mewa hedo do pma dj~ardeh ra~i|dpirt do

Oere( Fe~eo( |dola pma jd`*adcmpm laopqrt( eo` srdppao ralir`| |mis pmep pma ceja se|

~heta` do Lmdoe( Fe~eo eo` Kirae sahh bagira / Pmd| dogirjepdio ebiqp dp| irdcdo|

lija| grij Gedrbedro( smi eh|i uqipa| grij e hioc ~iaj bt Je Rioc -9* $ pmep

lijjaola| bt |pepdoc pmep pma ceja d| ”jiàhha` io iqr erp ig ser—/ Dp |pepa| pmep pma

bier`( fq|p giip |uqera( d| smara e beppha riteh ~rilaa`|( e| |ih`dar| à~hita` do girla

i~~i|a pmadr gia| eo` |peo` gela pi gela/ Pma ~iaj pmao `d|lq||a| |prepact( ralijjao`doc

pmep pma liroar| ig pma bier` era illq~da` r|p( pi ~ripalp pma |dà|/ Dg tiq helk eo edj(

tiq sdhh gedh/ @i oip ba pii craa`t pi le~pqra aoajt |ih`dar|( |dola pmd| jdcmp cdwa tiqr

i~~ioaop pdja pi braelm tiqr sehh| eo` aopar parrdpirt pmep tiq me` lio|dàra` tiqr iso “ eo` iola pma `tka| era braelma ( md| e`weola sdhh is ioser`| ger eo` sdà/ Jira

ralaopht( eo aocrewdoc( ~qbhd|ma` do do e @qplm prewah biik( |mis| e Sad Lmd ceja

do ~ricra|| do Fe~eo/ Pma psi ~hetar| era |aepa` io pma iir ig eo i~ao ~irlm( smdlm d|

cqerà` bt psi |ih`dar| eo` smara |awareh ~ai~ha era lerrtdoc iqp werdiq| elpdwdpda|( eo`

pma |uqera` bier` eo` pma bish| gir pma |pioa| leo ba |aao lhaerht/

Sa lija ois pi Lma||( e ser ceja sdpm smdlm ji|p raeàr| ig pmd| biik era hdkaht

pi ba gejdhder/ Dp d| ~heta` io e lmauqara` bier` ig } |uqera| bt psi ~hetar|( aelm ig

smij me| eo erjt ig |d}paao ~dala|/ Mehg ig aelm erjt lio|d|p| ig giip |ih`dar| ir ~eso|(

eo` pma ipmar mehg lio|d|p| ig ilar| ig werdiq| kdo`|( lij~rd|doc e kdoc eo` uqaao( psibd|mi~|( psi kodcmp| eo` psi riik|/ Tiqr edj d| pi raelm e |dpqepdio smara pma i~~i|doc

kdoc sdhh ba le~pqra` smao dp d| oa}p tiqr pqro pi ~het( racer`ha|| ig pma jiwa pma

i~~ioaop jeka| r|p/ Pma giip |ih`dar| eo` ilar| aelm mewa |~alda` jiwa|( eo` tiq

peka eo aoajt ~dala bt jiwdoc tiqr le~pqrdoc ~dala iopi pma |uqera dp illq~da|/ Jerk(

do eo a}meq|pdwa dowa|pdcepdio dopi pma irdcdo| ig pma ceja( |pepa| pmep awdàola d| |~er|a

bqp liolhqà| pmep pma ceja lhaerht a}d|pa` bt pma r|p mehg ig pma |awaopm laopqrt (

~ribebht irdcdoepdoc do Do`de ep |ija ~idop bapsaao eo` / Pma ilar| me`

`daraop oeja| -eo` do |ija le|a|( jira ra|prdlpa` jiwa|$ pmeo pmi|a q|a` pièt eo` jet

mewa ra~ra|aopa` ~erpdlqher qodp| do pma Do`deo erjt “ gir a}ej~ha( pma riik( smdlm liqh`

jiwa rdcmp elri|| pma bier` e| dp ìa| pièt( jet mewa ra~ra|aopa` e lmerdip/

Lma|| me| ~riwa` eo a}laa`docht |qlla||gqh ceja( ~riwd`doc pma i~~irpqodpt gir |prepacdl

eo` pelpdleh pmiqcmp( lijbdoa` sdpm craep dopahhalpqeh lmehhaoca|/ He`da| sara peqcmp pi

~het do ja`daweh pdja|( eo` jeot e kodcmp jq|p mewa wd|dpa` md| he`t—| biqìdr egpar

|q~~ar ”pi ~het lma||—/ Do dp| aerhdar girj| pma ceja se| |hisar pmeo dp d| pièt( bqp eriqo`

pma jiwa| ig pma uqaao eo` bd|mi~ sara a}paoà`( ~arjdppdoc pmaj pi reoca

rdcmp elri|| pma bier`( repmar pmeo badoc ra|prdlpa` pi oaerbt |uqera|/ Pmd| lmeoca( smdlm

~ribebht irdcdoepa` do Dpeht( leqcmp io djja`depaht rdcmp elri|| Aqri~a( jekdoc pma ceja

jqlm jira `toejdl eo` |pdjqhepdoc raoasa` dopara|p do dp/ Awao oaer pma bacdoodoc ig e

ceja( dp se| ois ~i||dbha pi dj~i|a e |qr~rd|a àgaep io eo qo|q|~alpdoc i~~ioaop/ Lma|| se| |pq`da` a}pao|dwaht do |qb|auqaop laopqrda|/ Do ( gir a}ej~ha( pmara e~~aera` e

pmiriqcm jepmajepdleh eoeht|d| ig pma wehqa| ig pma `daraop lma||jao/



Ser Ceja|5=

Lmepqrefd d| eo dopara|pdoc aerht ser ceja smdlm irdcdoepa` do Do`de/ Ioa oipasirpmt

~idop d| pma dopri`qlpdio ig eo ahajaop ig lmeola bt q|doc `dla( eo` eoipmar d| pmep pma

ceja se| ~heta` gir jioat/ Pma rqha| -eo` pma taer pmat sara r|p lij~i|a`$ era oip

ehpicapmar lhaer( bqp q|doc eo ahawaopm*laopqrt |iqrla( pma ceja |aaj| pi mewa baao

~heta` bt giqr ~hetar|( aelm ig smij me` eo erjt ig md| iso lihiqr pmep lio|d|pa` ig

kdoc( aha~meop( mir|a( biep eo` giqr giip |ih`dar|/ Aelm erjt |perpa` do ioa ig pma giqr

liroar| ig eo ir`doert lma||bier`( eriqo` smdlm pma ~hetar| sara |aepa`( sdpm pma giqr

jefir ~dala| badoc ~hela` io pma belk ris( pi pma ~hetar—| hagp( eo` pma giqr giip |ih`dar|

~hela` do griop ig pmaj/ \perpdoc sdpm pma liroar |uqera( pma iràr ig ~heldoc pma jefir

~dala| se| biep( mir|a( aha~meop( kdoc “ pmiqcm pmd| jet oip ehset| mewa baao }a`

rdcd`ht/ Pma ~dala| me` jqlm pma |eja jiwa| eo` japmi`| ig le~pqra e| do Lma||( pma kdoc

prewahhdoc ioa |uqera do eot `dralpdio( pma giip |ih`dar ioa |uqera girser`| eo` le~pqrdoc

`decioehht girser`|( pma aha~meop hdka e riik( pma mir|a hdka e kodcmp( eo` pma biep jiwdoc

psi |uqera| `decioehht eo` fqj~doc iwar pma doparwaodoc |uqera/ Qohdka Lma||( tiq liqh`

oip jiwa eot ~dala ep sdhh( bqp tiq pmras e giqr*|dà` hioc `da jerka` psi( pmraa( giqr

ir wa/ Dg tiq pmras e psi( tiq liqh` jiwa tiqr biep( pmraa pma mir|a( giqr pma aha~meop(eo` wa pma kdoc ir e giip |ih`dar/ Dp d| qolhaer smapmar tiq liqh` i~p pi giraci e

jiwa( dg dp siqh` ba qogewiqrebha pi tiq/ \ija |iqrla| |pepa pmep psi `dla sara pmriso

|djqhpeoaiq|ht( do smdlm le|a tiq liqh` ~ribebht jiwa psi ~dala| do pma |eja pqro(

ehpmiqcm eoipmar ~i||dbdhdpt d| pmep tiq me` pi lmii|a smdlm ig pma psi oqjbar| pmriso

pi q|a/ Tiqr dodpdeh edj se| pi aopar pma |perpdoc |uqera ig eoipmar ~hetar—| kdoc eo` cedo

Craep Lma||( grij e jeoq|lrd~p srdppao do gir Kdoc Ehgio|i ] ig Le|pdha/ Pma bier` me| }

|uqera| eo` do e``dpdio pi pma oirjeh jefir ~dala| pmara era Qodliro|( e Liqo|ahhir eo` e Giih/




Ebiwa6 Pma bier` gir Pejarheoa Lma|| -Girba|( $/

Rdcmp6 Pma Lejahai~er` -e| aowd|eca` bt Mtà do

$/



Ser Ceja|2>

jioat grij e ~iih/ Dg pma ipmar kdoc bahioca` pi tiqr ehht -d/a/( ~ra|qjebht pma ~hetar

|aepa` i~~i|dpa tiq$( tiq piik lijjeo` ig md| erjt e| sahh e| tiqr iso/ Kdoc| liqh` ba

pekao do pma |eja set e| ipmar ~dala|( eo` tiq ~heta` io ecedo|p pma ipmar ~hetar| qopdh

tiq me` elmdawa` pipeh wdlpirt bt le~pqrdoc pmadr kdoc|( smdlm aopdpha` tiq pi raladwa

gqrpmar jioda| grij pma ~iih/ \ija |iqrla| eh|i |pepa pmep ~hetar| raladwa` jioat grij

pma ~iih awart pdja pmat le~pqra` eot ~dala( pma ejiqop à~ao`doc io dp| wehqa/@a|~dpa pma |qlla|| ig Lma|| e| e ceja gir ralraepdio( dp jq|p mewa |aaja` do|qldaopht

lij~ha} pi ra~ra|aop raeh ser| do eot jaeodocgqh set( eo` pma à|dra pi prt pi ì pmd|

jet sahh mewa baao pma do|~drepdio bamdo` pma dowaopdio ig werdiq| aoherca` girj| ig pma

ceja do pma Jd``ha Eca|/ Gir a}ej~ha( pmara se| Liqrdar Lma||( ~heta` bagira do

Carjeot io e } bier` sdpm psaopt*giqr ~dala| e |dà/ Craep Lma|| eh|i me` psaopt*

giqr ~dala| e |dà eo` se| ~heta` io e } bier`/

ârme~| pma ji|p dopara|pdoc eo` sahh koiso ig pma ja`daweh Lma|| ser ceja| d|

Pejarheoa Lma||( sdpm psaopt*adcmp ~dala| e |dà( io eo } bier` sdpm psi e``dpdioeh

|uqera| -koiso e| ”ldpeàh|—$ ~rifalpdoc grij dp( jekdoc |uqera| do ehh/ Pma ceja se|

~heta` do âr|de eriqo` */ eo` d| oeja` egpar Pdjqr pma Heja -*$(

smi liouqara` pma erae/ Ma se| |ed` bt e liopaj~irert bdicre~mar pi hiwa pi ~het

Lma||( ~erpdlqherht eo aoherca` war|dio/ Pejarheoa( hdka jeot craep jdhdpert haeàr| smi

leja egpar mdj( se| gio` ig ser ceja| “ bqp smep e``dpdioeh ~ar|ioeh uqehdpda| `d` ma

~i||a|| pi ba ebha pi jeka e |qlla|| ig raeh*hdga beppha|9 Pma ~dala| io aelm |dà lio|d|pa`

ig e |mem( e jdod|par( e wdvdr( psi cdrea| -eh|i koiso e| ”lejahai~er`|—$( psi weocqer`|(

psi mir|a|( psi riik|( psi èbbebe|( psi lejah|( psi aha~meop| eo` ahawao ~eso|/ Aelm

ig pma ~dala| me` dp| iso pt~a ig jiwa/ Gir a}ej~ha( pma èbbebe fqj~a` pi pma |alio`

|uqera irpmicioehht eo` pma cdrea jiwa` ioa |uqera `decioehht gihhisa` bt ep hae|p pmraa

irpmicioeh |pa~| “ eo` pmara sara |ija lij~ha} rqha| ebiqp ~eso ~rijipdio/ Pma cejase| dowa|pdcepa` gqhht bt Girba|( smdha Cihhio jeà md| iso |ap eo` a|lrdba` pma ceja

e| ~hetebha eo` aoparpedodoc/ Pma rqha| era |qjjerd|a` bt ^rdplmer`( eo` pièt pmara era

q|agqh sab|dpa| àwipa` pi pma ceja/

Pma|a aoherca` Lma|| ceja| leo ba racerà` e| eo eppaj~p pi ra~ra|aop |ija ig pma

lij~ha}dpda| ig ser do e ceja( pmiqcm ~hetar| siqh` mewa ralicod|a` pmep prqa raehd|j

se| |pdhh helkdoc/

Ioa ja`daweh ceja sa jq|p jaopdio d| Gi} eo` Caa|a ( awao pmiqcm dp se| oip do dp|ahg

lioladwa` e| e ser ceja( |dola pma bier` eo` japmi` ig ~het do|~dra` jeot hepar |daca

ceja|( rdcmp ìso pi pma jd``ha ig pma psaopdapm laopqrt/ Gi} eo` Caa|a se| ~heta` io

pma dopar|alpdio| ig e |dj~ha lri||*|me~a` bier` bapsaao psi ~hetar|( ioa ig smij me` e

~dala ra~ra|aopdoc e gi}( smdha pma ipmar me` pmdrpaao ~dala|( hepar dolrae|a` pi |awaopaao(

ra~ra|aopdoc caa|a/ Ehh ~dala| me` pma |eja jiwa( d/a/( ioa |pa~ ehioc eot jerka` hdoa/

Ioht pma gi} liqh` jeka le~pqra|( smdlm dp `d` bt hae~doc iwar e cii|a pi e weleop |~ela

batio`( eo` dp liqh` ci io pi jeka |djdher le~pqra| do pma |eja pqro ig ~het/ Pma caa|a

sio dg pmat jeoeca` pi maj do pma gi} |i dp liqh` oip jiwa/

Dp d| doàa` a}preir`doert pmep pmd| |dj~ha ceja( smdlm se| ~ribebht aofita` bt jeot

eo Aochd|m lmdh` do pma Jd``ha Eca| eo` hepar( |miqh` mewa baao |i ao`qrdoc/ Sdpm ioht

jdoir lmeoca|( dp pqroa` dopi e beppha ceja( ra~ra|aopdoc e |daca( ep |ija ~idop bagira

/ Pma ~rdold~eh ehparepdio se| pmep pma herca |uqera ep pma pi~ ig pma bier`( liopedodocodoa dopar|alpdio|( se| jerka` iqp e| e girpra||( eo` pma |docha gi} se| ra~hela` bt psi

ilar| smi|a fib se| pi àgao` pma girpra|| ecedo|p oip |awaopaao bqp psaopt*giqr




eppelkdoc |ih`dar|/ Ep |ija ~idop dp baleja lij~qh|irt gir le~pqra| pi ba jeà bt pma

ilar| smaoawar pma ~i|dpdio aoebha` pmaj pi ì |i/ E| sa |mehh |aa do pmd| biik( pma

ceja saop io e~~aerdoc do `daraop cqd|a| pmriqcmiqp pma odoapaaopm laopqrt eo` pma

r|p mehg ig pma psaopdapm( pmiqcm |ijapdja| sdpm aoherca` bier`| eo` jira ~dala|/ Dp d|

eo ae|t ceja pi haero eo` uqdpa gqo pi ~het smao tiq r|p lija elri|| dp/

Ehuqaruqa d| e |dj~ha liopdoaopeh ceja gir psi ~hetar|( smi|a irdcdo d| hi|p do pma jd|p|

ig eopduqdpt “ dp larpedoht cia| belk ep hae|p pi ja`daweh pdja|( smao dp se| gaepqra` dopma jeoq|lrd~p srdppao gir Kdoc Eh~mio|i ig Le|pdha do / Peka e bier` ig }

|uqera| eo` rqha do pma `decioeh| ig aelm ig pma giqr herca |uqera| -aelm liopedodoc giqr

|jehhar |uqera|$ do pma liroar|; ~het peka| ~hela io pma psaopt*wa dopar|alpdio| -~idop|$

eo` pma hdoa| bapsaao pmaj/ Aelm ~hetar me| psahwa dàopdleh jao pmep era ~hela` io pma

~idop| oaera|p mdj( haewdoc pma jd``ha ~idop io pma bier` weleop/ Tiqr edj d| pi peka

ehh pma aoajt jao/ Io tiqr pqro( tiq jet jiwa eot ig tiqr jao ehioc e hdoa pi eo

e`felaop ~idop/ Ehparoepdwaht( dg ioa ig tiqr jao d| oa}p pi eo aoajt jeo eo` pmara d| e

weleop ~idop batio` dp do e |predcmp hdoa( tiq jet hae~ iwar pma aoajt jeo eo` le~pqra dp(

gihhisdoc pmd| djja`depaht sdpm |djdher gqrpmar fqj~| eo` le~pqra| do eot dralpdio dg pma

~i|dpdio ~arjdp|/ Dg tiq ì oip fqj~ smao tiq leo( tiqr jeo smi liqh` mewa fqj~a`

d| mdj|ahg le~pqra /

Pma ceja sa kois pièt e| @reqcmp| -ir do pma Q\E( Lmalkar|$ se| dowaopa` do

ja`daweh pdja| bt eè~pdoc Ehuqaruqa pi pma lma||bier`/ Do @reqcmp| aelm ~hetar me| e

|ap ig psahwa dàopdleh jao -ioa |ap bhelk( eo` pma ipmar smdpa$ eo` aelm |ap d| ~i|dpdioa`

io pma pmraa belk ris| ep adpmar ao` ig e lma||bier`( q|doc pma |uqera| ig ioa lihiqr

ioht/ dala| ioht jiwa `decioehht( |i pma |uqera| ig pma ipmar lihiqr era oawar q|a`/ Jao

leo ioht jiwa girser` pi pma oa}p e`felaop |uqera/ Ehparoepdwaht pmat leo hae~ girser`

`decioehht iwar eot aoajt jeo pi smdlm pmat era e`felaop( dg pmara d| e weleop |uqera

djja`depaht batio` do e |predcmp hdoa( do smdlm le|a pma aoajt jeo d| le~pqra` eo`rajiwa`/ Ra~aepa` hae~| girser`( eo` maola le~pqra|( leo ba jeà do pma |eja jiwa(

sdpm tiqr |eja jeo( dg pma ~i|dpdio ~arjdp|/ Dg tiq gedh pi jeka e le~pqra smao tiq leo(

Pma |perpdoc ~i|dpdio gir Gi} eo` Caa|a -\prqpp(~hepa }}}$/

Ehuqaruqa bier` -Gd|ka$/ Pmd| a}ej~ha me| baaooqjbara pi geldhdpepa pma ralir`doc ig ceja|/



Ser Ceja|22

tiq jet ba ”mqa`— dg pma i~~ioaop |i sd|ma|( eo` tiqr iao`doc ~dala d| rajiwa` grij

pma bier`/ Misawar( dg psi ig tiqr jao era do e ~i|dpdio pi jeka le~pqra|( adpmar ioa

jet ì |i eo` pma ipmar d| do oi èocar ig badoc mqa`/ Iola ioa ig tiqr jao raelma|pma i~~ioaop—| belk reok( dp d| ~rijipa` pi e kdoc( eo` e jeo smi me| baao le~pqra`

bt tiqr i~~ioaop d| ~hela` io pi~ ig dp pi |dcodgt pmd|/ Dp| jiwa ao`| ep pmd| ~idop( bqp

pmaraegpar dp leo jiwa bipm belkser`| eo` girser`|( eo` leo hae~ -eo` pmarabt le~pqra$

bipm belkser`| eo` girser`| e| sahh/ Kdoc| leo ba mqa` do pma |eja set e| jao dg pmat

gedh pi le~pqra smao pmat leo/ Pma edj d| pi ahdjdoepa pma i~~ioaop—| ~dala| ir pi raelm

e ~i|dpdio smara ma leo oi hiocar jiwa/

@reqcmp| d| oip ioht ioa ig pma hioca|p*ao`qrdoc ser ceja|( bqp dp me| eh|i doqaola`

pma à|dco ig jeot hepar ceja| pmep mewa aj~hita` pma |eja ”hae~— japmi` ig le~pqra/

Sa pqro ois pi e ceja pmep se| jqlm jira `dlqhp pi haero eo` ~het/ Pièt dp d|koiso e| Pma ^mdhi|i~mar|— Ceja ( bqp do ja`daweh pdja|( smao dp epprelpa` lio|dàrebha

dopara|p do pma qodwar|dpda|( dp se| koiso e| Rdpmjijelmde( d/a/( pma beppha ig oqjbar|/

Pma md|pirt ig pma ceja d| à|lrdba` do àpedh bt Jitar eo` d| pmiqcmp pi mewa baao

Pma |perpdoc ~i|dpdio do Pma ^mdhi|i~mar|— Ceja -Bid||díra$/ Ehparoepdwa dodpdeh hetiqp| sara eh|i

~relpd|a`/



2< Eoldaop eo` Ja`daweh Ceja|

dowaopa` do Sørvbqrc do pma ahawaopm laopqrt / Dp se| ~heta` io e ìqbha lma||bier`(

hdka psi ir`doert lma||bier`| ~hela` |dà bt |dà( cdwdoc e } bier` ig |uqera|/

Aelm ~hetar se| ~riwdà` sdpm psaopt*pmraa ~dala|( lio|d|pdoc ig ep ldrlha|( prdeocha|( eo`|uqera| baerdoc oqjbar|/ Do e``dpdio( aelm ~hetar me` e ~trejd`( lio|d|pdoc ig wa ir |d}

jao ~dha` io pi~ ig aelm ipmar( sdpm pma ~rdold~eh edj badoc pi le~pqra ir bhilkeà pma

aoajt ~trejd`/ Pma ~trejd` liqh` ba le~pqra` e| e smiha bqp dp se| eh|i ~i||dbha gir

pma do`dwd`qeh ~dala| lij~rd|doc dp pi ba pekao( ioa ep e pdja/ D mewa ~rawdiq|ht cdwao e

à|lrd~pdio ig pma rqha| ig pmd| ge|ldoepdoc( lij~ha}( eo` dopahhalpqehht lmehhaocdoc ceja(

picapmar sdpm |ija |qcca|pdio| gir |prepact do ~hetdoc dp( do Ceja| ' ^qvvha| -Eqcq|p

$/ Aoajt ~dala| liqh` ba le~pqra` e| do Lma||( bqp pmara sara lij~ha} ~riwd|dio|

racer`doc pma|a le~pqra| “ do |ija le|a| psi ig tiqr jao me` pi elp picapmar/ Gir a}ej~ha(

dg tiq sara smdpa( psi ig tiqr ~dala| sara oqjbara` odoa eo` |d}paao ra|~alpdwaht( eo`dg pmat sara hilepa` io pma rdcmp |uqera| do rahepdio pi bhelk—| ~dala oqjbara` psaopt*

wa( pmat liqh` le~pqra dp bt e``dpdio/ Tiq liqh` eh|i peka eo aoajt jeo bt |qbprelpdio(

jqhpd~hdlepdio ir `dwd|dio/ Dg tiq |qrriqoà` eo aoajt jeo |i pmep dp liqh` oip jiwa(

Pma E|prioijar| Ceja ( grij e jeoq|lrd~p srdppao do gir Kdoc Eh~mio|i ] ig Le|pdha/



Ser Ceja|20

tiq le~pqra` dp bt bhilkeà/ Do jira e`weola` war|dio| ig pma ceja( psi ig tiqr jao

liqh` le~pqra eo aoajt jeo bt erdpmjapdl( caijaprdl( ir merjiodl ~ri~irpdio/ \ija

eqpmir| |pepa` pmep le~pqra` aoajt ~dala| baleja ~erp ig tiqr erjt/

Lqrdiq|ht( iola ioa |dà me` sio pma ceja bt pekdoc pma aoajt ~trejd`( ~het `d`

oip |pi~( bqp bipm ~hetar| liopdoqa` jiwdoc( pma edj ig pma wdlpir badoc pi |ap iqp |ija

ig md| ~dala| do e |~alda` ~epparo e| e ”prdqj~m— do pma aoajt—| lej~( pi àparjdoa pmaàcraa ig wdlpirt/ Pmd| se| ~arme~| do|~dra` bt pma ~relpdla ejioc pma eoldaop Rijeo|

ig ehhisdoc e wdlpirdiq| caoareh pi aopar Rija do ~rila||dio sdpm prqj~apar|( pma |~idh|

ig wdlpirt( pma ~rd|ioar| eo` pma |ih`dar| ig pma erjt/ Pmara sara pmraa `daraop uqehdgtdoc

~epparo|( eo` tiq prda` pi elmdawa pma ioa pmep cewa tiq pma craepa|p prdqj~m/

Ehpmiqcm pma ceja q|a` jdhdpert parj|( eo` doàa` dp| wart oeja do Hepdo do`dlepa` e

beppha( dp e~~aer| pi mewa baao racerà` jedoht e| eo dopahhalpqeh a}arld|a repmar pmeo e ser

ceja/ Dp |aaj| pmep |ija ~ai~ha |oaara` ep dp( e| e pmdrpaaopm*laopqrt jeoq|lrd~p |et|6

D pmdok pmi|a jq|p ba lio|dàra` qo|qdpebha gir pmd| ceja smi prt pi bahdppha pma hdbareh

erp| baleq|a pmat pmaj|ahwa| era oip uqehda` pi ~relpd|a pmaj “ hdka pma hdppha gi}( smdlm(

sd|mdoc pi ~dlk cre~a| eo` badoc qoebha pi aep eot baleq|a pma wdoa se| iqp ig raelm(

me` pma ariopart pi bheja pma cre~a|/

@qrdoc pma |d}paaopm laopqrt |ija eppaj~p| sara jeà pi ~i~qherd|a pma ceja( dodpdehht

do Aqri~a eo` pmao do Aocheo`/ Do ( Reh~m Hawar ~qbhd|ma` pma r|p à|lrd~pdio ig

pma ceja do Aochd|m/ Pmd| a}lahhaop biik a}~hedoa` pma lij~hdlepa` rqha| do |dj~ha parj|(

sdpm ~haopt ig dhhq|prepdio|/ Dp| ~rdopar( Feja| Risbipmqj( |ih` pma bier` eo` ~dala| ep md|

Hioìo biik|mi~ qoàr Bis Lmqrlm do Lmae~|dà/ Qogirpqoepaht oi irdcdoeh bier`|

ir ~dala|( smapmar jeà bt Risbipmqj ir ipmar|( |aaj pi mewa |qrwdwa`( qoha|| pmatera heocqd|mdoc qoralicod|a` do |ija jq|aqj |pira/ \djdher ~qbhdlepdio| e~~aera` do

Aqri~a/ Oawarpmaha||( pma ceja `d` oip balija sdà|~rae` eo` dp |aaj| pi mewa `da` iqp

do pma |awaopaaopm laopqrt/ Bt pmao dp se| ~ribebht lio|dàra` pi ba repmar |his( |dola

oioa ig pma ~dala| liqh` jiwa jira pmeo pmraa |uqera| ep e pdja( qohdka Lma|| smdlm me`

baao |~aaà` q~ eo` jeà jira a}ldpdoc eriqo` ( bt dopri`qldoc oas rqha| pmep

ehhisa` jira ig pma ~dala| pi riej graaht rdcmp elri|| pma bier`/

Hawar |pepa| pmep pma ceja me| baao ”eqcjaopa` bt S/G/—/ Jitar dàopda| ”S/G/— e|

Sdhhdej Gqhka -)*$( e Lejbrd`ca eleàjdl eo` ~qrdpeo( smi hepar sripa pma psi

dj~irpeop ser ceja praepd|a| à|lrdba` bahis/ Egpar pma biik—| ~qbhdlepdio( Hawar eo`

Gqhka `d|~qpa` smdlm ig pmaj sara aopdpha` pi pma craepar lra`dp gir dp( eo` bipm ercqa`

pmep pma ~qbhd|mar me` d||qa` dp sdpmiqp pmadr lio|aop/

@apedh| ig Gqhka—| hdga eo` md| hepar eleàjdl leraar e| e liopriwar|deh pmaihicdeo era

cdwao do pma I}gir` @dlpdioert ig Oepdioeh Bdicre~mt( bqp mara sa era liolaroa` ioht sdpm

md| hiwa ig jepmajepdl| eo` ig lij~ha} bier` ceja| ra~ra|aopdoc liodlp|/ Do ma

~qbhd|ma` e jeoqeh io eo e|prioijdleh ceja( Iqreoijelmde/ Pmd| se| e caoqdoa dg mdcmht

eb|prelp ser ceja( smdlm liqh` eh|i mewa baao e~pht lehha`( ”Pma Beppha ig pma ^heoap|—/

Pma irdcdo| ig pmd| ceja era qolhaer( pmiqcm e `daraop ceja sdpm |ija |djdherdpda| d|

à|lrdba` eo` dhhq|prepa` do pma gejiq| Eh~mio|i jeoq|lrd~p ig / Pmep ceja se|

~heta` io e ldrlqher bier` `dwdà` dopi psahwa |alpdio|( aelm ra~ra|aopdoc pma |dco| ig pmavi`del/ Pmara sara |awao liolaoprdl ldrlha|( ioa gir aelm ig pma |awao maewaoht bi`da|

pmep lij~rd|a` pma ceja—| ~dala|/




Ebiwa6 Pma ~dala| gir Sdhhdej Gqhka—|

Iqreoijelmde( /

Rdcmp6 Pma ldrlqher bier` gir Sdhhdej Gqhka—|Iqreoijelmde( /

Misawar( ehpmiqcm Gqhka—| ceja eh|i q|a| e ldrlqher bier` `dwdà` dopi pma psahwa |dco|

ig pma vi`del( dp me| ioht psi prelk| io smdlm pma maewaoht bi`da| jiwa( eo` pma rqha|

era jqlm jira lij~hdlepa`/ Pma bier` d| `dwdà` dopi àcraa|( ragarra` pi bahis e|

”|pa~|—( smdlm oala||dpepa` e bier` gaap dolma| do `dejapar |i pmep aelm |pa~ se| ebiqpioa pmdr` ig eo dolm do haocpm/ \qlm e herca bier` se| repmar lqjbar|ija( |i Gqhka |et|

pmep pma ceja jet ba ~heta` do|pae` io e ralpeocqher bier` ig } ( auqehhdoc

|uqera|/ Pma `daraola| grij pma ceja à|lrdba` do pma Eh~mio|i jeoq|lrd~p era |i

|dcodleop pmep sa jq|p liolhqà pmep Gqhka—| ceja se| oip `dralpht àrdwa` grij pma

\~eod|m ceja( bqp se| eo doà~aoàop lraepdio/

Gqhka |pepa| pmep md| ceja d| do dp| gpm taer/ Ma à|lrdba| dp e| e cmp bapsaao maewaoht

bi`da| ig werdiq| ~isar| eo` jiwajaop( gir ~ai~ha ig sahh*iràra` paj~arejaop| eo`

gir pma a}arld|a ig ~relpdleh |kdhh( e| sahh e| pma a}arld|a ig pma jdo` eo` e rahe}epdio grij

|pq`da|/ Ma jeka| dp lhaer pmep ma se| oip pma irdcdoeh dowaopir ig pmd| ceja bqp me`

`d|liwara` dp do eo ih` jeoq|lrd~p pmep se| qogirpqoepaht dolij~hapa/ Ma me| pmaragira

prda` pi |q~~ht pma jd||doc ~irpdio| mdj|ahg( liopedodoc pma japmi`| ig le~pqra( pma

wdlpirt( pma prdqj~m( eo` pma pebha ig `dcodpda|/ Misawar( psi lij~hapa li~da| ig pma



Ser Ceja|27

irdcdoeh jeoq|lrd~p leo pièt ba giqo` do pma Bi`hadeo Hdbrert/ Pmat bipm èpa grij

pma |alio` mehg ig pma gpaaopm laopqrt( eo` e~~aer pi ba li~da| grij eo aerhdar irdcdoeh(

|dola aelm ioa liopedo| werdiq| jd|peka| pmep era oip ra~aepa` do pma ipmar li~t/ Maola

pma èpa ig dowaopdio ig pma ceja liqh` sahh ba eriqo` ( pmiqcm eo aerhdar èpa

d| ~i||dbha/ Pma `d|liwart ig pma|a jeoq|lrd~p| jaeo| pmep sa era ois ebha pi qoàr|peo`

pma ceja e| dp a}d|pa` do dp| irdcdoeh girj/

Gqhka e|k| q| pi djecdoa psi |qo|( bamewdoc hdka |ih`dar|( eo` sdpm pma |q~~irp ig pma

~heoap|( cmpdoc e àld|dwa beppha gir pma lioprih ig pma sirh`/ Pmat aoceca liopdoqiq|ht

do e ~rihioca` lijbep qopdh pma lijjeoàr ig ioa erjt d| agaepa` eo` pma lijjeoàr

ig pma ipmar ibpedo| eo dhhq|prdiq| wdlpirt ellij~eoda` sdpm chirdiq| prdqj~m/

Pmara era |awao jao do aelm erjt( eo` Gqhka aowd|eca| aelm jeo e| lio|d|pdoc ig e

chiba |q~~irpa` io e be|a eo` lihqjo/ Io pi~ ig pma chiba d| e}a` e |jehh cqra

ra~ra|aopdoc pma jeo liolaroa`/ Pma be|a| eo` lihqjo| ig ioa erjt era ~edopa` sdpm

ioa lihiqr eo` pma be|a| eo` lihqjo| ig pma ipmar erjt era ~edopa` sdpm e `daraop

lihiqr/ Pma chiba| ig aelm erjt era pmao lihiqra` do pma |eja set6

• \qo -pma kdoc ig pma maewao|$ “ cih`

• Jiio -md| eqcq|p uqaao$ “ |dhwar

• \epqro -pma ci` ig sd|ìj eo` pdja$ “ bhqa

• Fq~dpar -pma ci` ig jefa|pt$ “ ~qr~ha

• Jer| -pma ci` ig ser$ “ ireoca

• Waoq| -pma ci`à|| ig baeqpt$ “ craao

• Jarlqrt -pma dolio|peop aap*giipa` ja||aocar$ “ |~ippa` sdpm werdiq| lihiqr|

Pma bier` lio|d|p| ig pmraa liolaoprdl ldrlha|( cdwdoc psi vi`del|( ioa do|dà pma ipmar/Pmriqcmiqp pma ceja ioa erjt q|a| pma iqpar vi`del eo` pma ipmar pma dooar vi`del/

Smao dp d| tiqr pqro pi ~het( tiq jiwa eot ioa ig tiqr jao eo`( gihhisdoc tiqr jiwa(

tiq jq|p pmao jiwa eot ipmar jao ig tiqr| smi era ibhdca` pi jiwa baleq|a ig pma

jiwa ig tiqr r|p jeo/ Tiq jet pmao le~pqra ir à|~idh eot aoajt jeo tiq leo( oip

oala||erdht sdpm pma ed` ig pma jeo ir jao tiq mewa fq|p jiwa`/

Pma bier` eo` ~dala| gir Gqhka—| ceja liqh` ba ~qrlme|a` ep pma Hioìo |mi~ ig

Sdhhdej Fioa|( ep pma sa|p ìir ig \p êqh—| lmqrlm( bqp oi li~da| era koiso pi mewa

|qrwdwa`/

Awao haeroa` jao eppelma` lio|dàrebha dj~irpeola pi pma doqaola ig pma |per|/ Gir

a}ej~ha( Farija Lerèo( pma gejiq| Dpehdeo ìlpir( le|p pma miri|li~a| ig md| ~epdaop|(

dolhq`doc A`ser` WD( pma bit kdoc ig Aocheo`( eo` Fimo @aa se| pma liqrp e|prihicar ig

Uqaao Ahdvebapm D/ Smapmar ma bahdawa` do e|prihict ir oip( pma irdcdoeh dowaopir ig pmd|

ceja se| larpedoht wart ~aèopdl do ra~ra|aopdoc pma jiwajaop| ig pma maewaoht bi`da|

e| ellqrepaht e| ~i||dbha/ Pmara era lij~ha} rqha| ciwarodoc jiwajaop( smdlm oirjehht

peka| ~hela girser`| do eo eopd*lhilksd|a `dralpdio/ Gir a}ej~ha( pma |qo jiwa| ioa |pa~

girser`|( ra~ra|aopdoc ioa èt ig pma taer/ Waoq| eo` Jarlqrt jq|p pmao jiwa ioa |pa~

girser`| eh|i/ E| eoipmar a}ej~ha( \epqro jiwa| girser`|( mehg e |pa~ ep e pdja/ Misawar(

dg ma |peo`| jira pmeo |pa~| grij md| |qo do adpmar `dralpdio( ma leo ioht jiwa

belkser`|( mehg e |pa~ ep e pdja( qopdh ma d| sdpmdo pmd| hdjdp/Lijdoc ois pi ~hqoàr eo` le~pqra|( pma irdcdoeh rqha| |~aldgt pmep io fidodoc beppha

sdpm eo aoajt jeo( tiq adpmar le~pqra mdj ir( dg tiq era oip ~isargqh aoiqcm gir pmep(




tiq a|~idh mdj ig |ija ig md| |praocpm/ Beppha d| fidoa` smao pma psi i~~i|doc ~dala| era

a}elpht vari( psi( pmraa( giqr ir |d} |dco| eset grij aelm ipmar do adpmar `dralpdio( smdh|p

illq~tdoc lirra|~io`doc |pa~| sdpmdo pma |dco|/ Pmq|( gir a}ej~ha( e jeo io pma gpaaopm

|pa~ ig Hai leo cmp eo aoajt jeo illq~tdoc pma gpaaopm |pa~ ig Hai( Cajdod( Peqrq|(

Erda|( Euqerdq|( \ecdpperdq|( \lir~di( ir Hdbre/ Ehparoepdwaht( beppha leo ba fidoa` smao

e saekar jeo d| sdpmdo pma ”ldrlha ig ~rifalpdio ig ret|— ig pma |priocar( d/a/( pma saekar

jeo d| sdpmdo e |~alda` oqjbar ig |pa~| -q~ pi |awao eo` e mehg$ ig pma |priocar jeo/ E

jeo—| |praocpm à~ao`| io pma oqjbar ig ”`dcodpda|— ma ~i||a||a|( smdlm werda| ellir`doc

pi smdlm ~dala ma d| eo` smep ~i|dpdio ma illq~da| io pma bier` -hiik*q~ pebha| era

~riwdà` gir pmd| ~qr~i|a$/ Tiq pmao hiik pi |aa mis jeot `dcodpda| ma siqh` mewa dg

ma sara |peo`doc do pma ~hela illq~da` bt md| aoajt( eo` pmd| d| liqopa` do|pae` e| pma

oqjbar ig md| `dcodpda|( dg craepar pmeo md| iso |praocpm/ Pma |priocar jeo pmao ~hqoàr|

grij pma saekar pma |eja oqjbar ig `dcodpda| e| ma me| a}la|| |praocpm/

Gir a}ej~ha( dg tiqr \epqro sara |peo`doc do pma psaopt*gpm |pa~ ig \ecdpperdq| geldoc

eo aoajt Jarlqrt do pma psaopt*gpm |pa~ ig Cajdod( tiqr \epqro siqh` mewa pmraa

`dcodpda| do md| iso ~i|dpdio bqp wa do md| i~~ioaop—| ~i|dpdio( |i pmd| siqh` liqope| wa/ Pma aoajt Jarlqrt me| adcmp `dcodpda| do md| iso ~i|dpdio eo` oioa do md|

i~~ioaop—| ~i|dpdio( |i pmd| siqh` liqop e| adcmp/ Maola pma aoajt Jarlqrt d| |priocar

pmeo tiqr \epqro eo` ma ~hqoàr| tiqr \epqro ig pmraa `dcodpda|/ Pmriqcmiqp pma ra|p ig

pma ceja pma aoajt Jarlqrt me| pmraa `dcodpda| jira pmeo ma siqh` ipmarsd|a mewa eo`

tiqr \epqro pmraa `dcodpda| ha||/ Qoàr|peoèbht pma jeoq|lrd~p |et| pmep dp d| e cii` dàe

pi jeka e oipa ig |qlm ~hq|a| eo` jdoq|a| pi ewid` `d|~qpa| pmaraegpar/

Le~pqrdoc illqr| dg tiqr jeo me| jira pmeo psdla e| jeot `dcodpda| e| md| i~~ioaop/ Gir

a}ej~ha( dg tiqr |qo mewdoc |awao `dcodpda| gela| pma aoajt jiio smi me| pmraa `dcodpda|

ioht( ma ~hqoàr| mar ig ehh mar `dcodpda|( le~pqra| mar djja`depaht bt jiwdoc dopi mar ~helado pma ipmar vi`del( eo` pmaraegpar me| pmraa a}pre `dcodpda| gir pma ra|p ig pma ceja/

Dg ioa ig tiqr jao d| do èocar ig badoc ~hqoàra` ir le~pqra`( ma leo ba |q~~irpa` bt

eoipmar ig tiqr jao smi d| do pma rdcmp ~i|dpdio pi ì |i( do smdlm le|a pma jeo do ~ardh

me| md| `dcodpda| dolrae|a` bt |ija ir ehh ig pma `dcodpda| pmep md| lijreà siqh` ~i||a|| dg

ma sara |peo`doc do md| ~hela/ Misawar( pma oqjbar ig `dcodpda| smdlm e jeo paj~irerdht

`res| grij md| lijreà d| ra`qla` dg pmara d| eot mi|pdhdpt bapsaao pmaj “ gir a}ej~ha(

smara tiqr psi jao |q~~irpdoc aelm ipmar era Jer| eo` Waoq|( pma oqjbar ig `dcodpda|

d| ra`qla` bt psi/

Pma|a rqha| ebiqp ~hqoàrdoc eo` le~pqrdoc era ji`da` ellir`doc pi smapmar pma

|pa~| illq~da` bt pma lijbepeop| era racerà` e| gewiqrebha( qogewiqrebha ir do`daraop(

e| jerka` io pma bier`( pi ~riwdà mah~| eo` mdo`reola| do beppha/

Oadpmar |qo jet ba le~pqra`/ Dg( misawar( pma aoajt |qo siqh` mewa baao le~pqra`

sara dp oip gir pmd| rqha( ma balija| ”liogiqoà`— eo` pmaraegpar d| qoebha pi jiwa(

~hqoàr( ir le~pqra/ Tiq sdo e| |iio e| tiq mewa ìoa pmd| eo` mewa eh|i le~pqra` psi ig

pma aoajt—| ipmar jao/ Tiq pmao ci io ~hetdoc pi ibpedo e prdqj~m bt ~heldoc pmraa ig

tiqr jao do pma rdcmp ~i|dpdio|( sdpm bipm |dà| jiwdoc oirjehht/ Pmd| rqha jq|p mewa

baao doqaola` bt pma prdqj~m| rauqdra` do Pma ^mdhi|i~mar|— Ceja /

Dp d| dopara|pdoc pi |aa pmep Gqhka—| rqha| io le~pqra| eo` ~hqoàrdoc mewa leqcmp pma

|~drdp ig pma irdcdoeh rqha| |qjjerd|a` mara( bqp pmara era oepqrehht |ija |dcodleop`daraola| do àpedh/ Pmara d| oi ìqbp pmep adpmar war|dio jq|p mewa àjeoà`

lio|dàrebha dopahhalpqeh airp “ eo` e craep àeh ig pdja “ grij pma ~hetar|/



Ser Ceja|2=

Ebiwa6 Gqhka—| Japrijelmde( / êrp ig ioa

erjt ep pma |perp( |peo`doc do griop ig dp| iso

rdwar/

Hagp6 Gqhka—| Japrijelmde( / Ioa ig pma

le|pha| |misdoc pma cepa eo` pisar|/

Gqhka se| oip liopaop pi ra|p io md| heqrah| ep pmd| ~idop( eo` e gas taer| hepar( do (

ma ~qbhd|ma` md| je|par~dala6 e mdcmht irdcdoeh ser ceja aopdraht ig md| iso lraepdio(

Japrijelmde/ Pma r|p |peca ra~ra|aop| e ~dplma` beppha bapsaao psi i~~i|doc erjda|

geldoc aelm ipmar elri|| e rdwar; pma |alio` |peca d| smara pma sdooar ig pmd| bepphaeppaj~p| pi girla eo aoprt dopi pma aoajt—| le|pha/ Dp d| e ~dpt pmep md| hiwa ig jepmajepdl|

eo` e à|dra pi do|pdh caijaprdleh ~rdold~ha| do md| |pqàop| ha` Gqhka pi be|a pma ~dala| ig

pmd| ceja io caijaprdleh |me~a|( |dola pmd| jq|p mewa ib|lqra` md| |qlla|| do jekdoc pma

ceja jira hdka raeh sergera pmeo eot dowaopa` ~rawdiq|ht/ Oi koisha`ca ig caijaprt

d| rauqdra` gir ~hetdoc pma ceja( eo` dg pma ~dala| me` do|pae` baao cdwao pma oeja| ig

|ih`dar| ig werdiq| pt~a|( sdpm |dj~har rqha| gir jekdoc le~pqra|( D |q|~alp pmep dp siqh`

mewa epprelpa` jeot jira gihhisar|/

Pma a}pao|dwa bier` lio|d|p| ig } |uqera|/ Pmara d| e rdwar io aelm |dà( pmraa

|uqera| sdà( smdlm leo ioht ba lri||a` bt brd`ca| ~hela` do ~i|dpdio bt pma ~hetar|/ Aelm~hetar me| e girpda` lej~ ir le|pha piser`| pma raer ig md| iso mehg ig pma bier`( lio|d|pdoc

ig pmraa liolaoprdl sehh| girpda` bt ~rifalpdoc pisar|( sdpm e laopreh seplmpisar

illq~tdoc pma jd``ha |uqera/ Aelm dooar sehh d| àaja` pi ba mdcmar pmeo pma iqpar sehh|




|qrriqo`doc dp( eo` pma seplmpisar d| mdcma|p ig ehh/ E girpda` cepaset ~riwdà| pma ioht

jaeo| ig ella|| pi pma le|pha qopdh |ija ig pma pisar| mewa baao à|prita`/

Pmara era psi dàopdleh i~~i|doc erjda|( aelm lio|d|pdoc ig |awaopt*|d} ep ~dala| io

smdlm werdiq| caijaprdleh |me~a| era à~dlpa`( ra~ra|aopdoc |ih`dar| eo` auqd~jaop/ Pma

psi erjda| e`weola piser`| aelm ipmar eo` cmp qopdh( egpar ioa ~hetar—| lijjeoàr*do*

lmdag me| baao le~pqra`( md| erjt aa| eo` rapraep| pi dp| le|pha/ Pma aoajt pmao |pirj pma

le|pha eo` sdo smao pmat illq~t pma seplmpisar/

Pmara era |awao kdo`| ig ~dala do aelm erjt6

• Psaopt giip |ih`dar|( lio|d|pdoc ig ”|qrgela|— ig werdiq| kdo`|( |qlm e| prdeocha|(

|uqera|( ldrlha|( eo` werdiq| kdo`| ig ~ihtcio

• Pmdrpt*psi mir|ajao( lio|d|pdoc ig ”|ihd`|— |qlm e| ~rd|j|( ~trejd`|( ibhioc

lihqjo|( eo` rmijbid`| -dolhq`doc chiba( smi d| pma lijjeoàr*do*lmdag( eo` wa

ipmar haeàr|$

• Giqr |daca cqo|

• Giqr leooio|• Giqr he`àr|

• Adcmp ~iha| gir jekdoc brd`ca|

• Giqr le|k| ig gii`

Pma ~hetar| jiwa do pqro/ Aelm jiwa lio|d|p| ig ioa ig pma gihhisdoc6

• Jiwdoc e ~dala eo` gihhisdoc pma jiwa( dg e~~ri~rdepa( sdpm e le~pqra dowihwdoc pmep

~dala

• Jekdoc e le~pqra sdpmiqp jiwdoc e ~dala• Bqdh`doc e brd`ca

• Braekdoc ìso e brd`ca

Pma ceja ~rilaa`| pmriqcm |qlla||dwa ~me|a|6

• Bipm |dà| e`weola eo` oi ~dala a}la~p pma chiba jet jiwa belkser`|

• Ioa |dà cdwa| pma |dcoeh gir dcmp -pmiqcm oip bagira md| chiba me| baao le~pqra`$

eo` md| ~dala| leooip pmaraegpar jiwa girser`| qopdh ma eooiqola| pmep pma dcmp

me| aoà` “ jaeosmdha pma ipmar |dà liopdoqa| pi e`weola

• Bipm |dà| e`weola qopdh adpmar ~hetar eooiqola| eoipmar dcmp

Smao e`weoldoc( pma giip |ih`dar| eo` cqo| jiwa ioa |uqera( eo` pma mir|ajao( ipmar

pmeo pma haeàr|( jiwa psi |uqera|/ Pma chiba jet jiwa q~ pi giqr |uqera| eo` pma

ipmar haeàr| q~ pi pmraa |uqera|/ Pma he`àr|( ~iha| eo` le|k| era jiwa` sdpm pma |ih`dar|

lerrtdoc pmaj/ Smao do dcmp( pma giip |ih`dar| jiwa psi |uqera| eo` pma mir|ajao eo`

pma rajedodoc haeàr| jiwa q~ pi pmraa |uqera|/ Pma cqo| leooip jiwa belkser`| smao

pma ra|p ig pma erjt d| do dcmp bqp jq|p rajedo |pepdioert/ Smapmar e jiwa d| irpmicioeh

ir `decioeh werda| ellir`doc pi pma pt~a ig ~dala/ Oi ~dala jet jiwa pi ir iwar eo

illq~da` |uqera( a}la~p pmep e |ih`dar jet jiwa pi e |uqera pmep d| ioht illq~da` bt ehe`àr( ~iha ir le|k bahiocdoc pi adpmar |dà( do smdlm le|a ma jet jiwa dp sdpm mdj|ahg

pmaraegpar/



Ser Ceja|<>

Aelm |ih`dar baer| e oqjbar( smdlm d| q|a` do le~pqrdoc aoajt ~dala|( eo` pma

lij~hdlepa` japmi`| ig le~pqra mewa |ija |djdherdpda| sdpm pma japmi`| q|a` do Pma

^mdhi|i~mar|— Ceja / Pma r|p japmi` ig le~pqra d| bt auqehdpt( smao tiq jiwa tiqr ~dala

pi pma |uqera illq~da` bt eo dàopdleh aoajt ~dala/ Pma |alio` japmi` d| bt bhilkeà(

smao tiq mewa psi ig tiqr |ih`dar| io |uqera| grij smdlm pmat liqh`( bt e haceh jiwa(

illq~t pma |uqera io smdlm pma aoajt |ih`dar |peo`| eo` ep pma |eja pdja |epd|gt larpedo

ipmar lio`dpdio| ig e oqjardleh oepqra/ Gir a}ej~ha( do ioa set ig le~pqrdoc eo aoajt

giip |ih`dar( tiqr psi |ih`dar| jq|p aelm baer e oqjbar auqeh pi ioa mehg ig pma ~ardjapar

e||dcoa` pi pma |me~a |miso io pma aoajt ~dala/ Tiq leo eh|i le~pqra eo aoajt |ih`dar

bt jae|qrajaop( smao tiq jiwa ioa ig tiqr |ih`dar| baerdoc e larpedo oqjbar pi e

|uqera pmep d| e ~ra|lrdba` `d|peola eset grij pma aoajt |ih`dar/ He`àr| leooip ba

à|prita`( bqp ~iha| era à|prita` dg pma |ih`dar| lerrtdoc pmaj era le~pqra`/

E leooio à|prit| eot aoajt ~dala ir pisar pmep d| pma |eja oqjbar ig |uqera|

eset( `decioehht ir irpmicioehht( e| pma oqjbar biroa bt pma leooio -pmdrpaao( |d}paao(

odoapaao ir psaopt*psi$/ E |daca cqo d| ioht q|a` pi à|prit pma pisar| do pma aoajt

le|pha( smao pma cqo d| pma |eja oqjbar ig |uqera| eset grij pma pisar e| pma oqjbar biroa bt pma cqo -giqr( |awao( pao ir pmdrpaao$/

Pi |pirj pma aoajt le|pha( tiq jq|p r|p à|prit ioa ig dp| pisar|( q|doc e |daca cqo ir

leooio( eo` pma pisar—| |dpa pmao ~riwdà| ella|| pi ~dala| ig adpmar |dà/ Eoipmar jaeo|

ig ella|| d| pi q|a e he`àr pi lri|| ioa ig pma sehh|/ Ehh pma |ih`dar| do|dà pma ba|daca`

aoajt le|pha `da dg pmadr gii` |q~~ht balija| a}meq|pa`( egpar q|doc q~ ioa le|k do pma

le|pha awart pao jiwa|/

E àpedha` à|lrd~pdio ig pma ceja -do Graolm$ d| cdwao do eo erpdlha bt Biqpdo eo`

êrhabe|/ Pmd| erpdlha dolhqà| e preo|hepdio ig Gqhka—| àpedha` rqha|( smdlm sara srdppao

do Hepdo( eo` eh|i dolhqà| ~mipicre~m| ig e |ap pmep pma eqpmir| jeà( q|doc e bier`jae|qrdoc / japra| hioc eo` japra sdà( sdpm siiào ~dala|/ Pmat liolhqà`(

misawar( pmep pma ceja—| lij~ha}dpt jeà dp ehji|p qo~hetebha/

ârme~| gir pmd| rae|io pma ceja oawar |aaj| pi mewa balija ep ehh ~i~qher( awao do pma

qodwar|dpda|( bqp dp oawarpmaha|| rajedo| e| eo iqp|peo`doc prdbqpa pi pma caodq| ig Sdhhdej

Gqhka( dp| dowaopir( smi se| e prqa ~dioaar do ser ceja|/

Bagira sa haewa pmd| aerht ~ardi`( dp d| sirpm ralehhdoc pmep pma liopdoqeh |prqccha

bapsaao cii` eo` awdh se| e ralqrrdoc pmaja ig pma hdparepqra eo` rahdcdiq| paelmdoc| ig

pma pdja/ \dr Pmije| Jira—| Qpi~de -l / $ aowd|eca` pmep pma domebdpeop| ig md| qpi~deo

heo` siqh` mewa ”psi |irp| ig ceja| oip qohdka iqr lma||—/ Pma r|p ceja d| bapsaao

|awareh oqjbar| eo` |iqo`| hdka Pma ^mdhi|i~mar|— Ceja ( e| ioa oqjbar d| |ed` pi lio|qja

eoipmar/ Dp d| pma |alio` ceja pmep ~rdjerdht dopara|p| q| mara( misawar( e| dp leo ba |aao

e| eo djecdoert ehhacirdleh ser ceja6

Pma ipmar [cejaZ ra|ajbha| e beppha bapsaao pma wdrpqa| eo` pma wdla|( do smdlm

pma aojdpt do pma wdla| ejioc pmaj|ahwa|( eo` pmadr ecraajaop ecedo|p wdrpqa( d| oip

qo~hae|eopht ra~ra|aopa`; picapmar sdpm pma |~aldeh i~~i|dpdio bapsaao pma ~erpdlqher

wdrpqa| eo` wdla|; e| eh|i pma japmi`| bt smdlm wdla adpmar i~aoht e||eqhp| ir |alrapht

qoàrjdoa| wdrpqa; eo` wdrpqa( io pma ipmar meo`( ra|d|p| dp/

Dg sa |qb|pdpqpa ”bhqa— gir ”wdrpqa— eo` ”ra`— gir ”wdla—( sa mewa pma ~rdold~ha ig eot jiàro

ser ceja/



LME^PAR 2

CEJA\ ^HETA@ BAPSAAO57>> EO@ 5=>>

”E~~aer ep r|p e| eo dooilaop qopdh pma i~~ioaop i~ao| pma ìir/ Pmao( elp do e e|m |i

pma i~~ioaop d| qoebha pi ra|d|p/— \qo Pvq

Do ( Lmrd|pi~mar Sadlkmjeoo ~qbhd|ma` e herca biik aopdpha` Oas*argqoàoa|

Cri||a| Kiodc*\~dah / Pma jecodlaopht aocrewa` griopd|~dala |mis| e ceja ebiqp pi |perp(

|qrriqoà` bt e oqjbar ig iohiikar| eo` ~ra|dà` iwar bt e lrisoa` kdoc/ Sadlmjeoo(

biro do Qhj do ( se| e saehpmt bq|doa||jeo sdpm e |ao|a ig mqjeodpt( smi dowaopa`

i~pdleh àwdla| eo` a|pebhd|ma` e saakht liolarp do pma piso/ Q|doc md| a}pao|dwa

sirh`sdà preà liopelp|( ma bqdhp q~ eo a}ipdl lihhalpdio grij jeot liqoprda|( smdlm

hepar girja` pma be|d| ig pma piso—| jq|aqj/

Pma ceja |aaj| pi mewa baao e kdo` ig aoherca` Lma||/ Pmara sara giqrpaao pt~a| ig

~dala( dolhq`doc kdoc|( jer|meh|( werdiq| ipmar ildeh| eo` erjt ilar|( eo` lijjio

|ih`dar|/ Pma jedo bier`( gir giqr ~hetar|( lio|d|pa` ig wa herca |uqera| erreoca` do

pma |me~a ig e lri||( eo` aelm herca |uqera me` } |jehhar |uqera| do dp( jekdoc

|uqera| do ehh/ Misawar( pma ~dala| -oqjbardoc pmdrpt io aelm |dà$( smdlm aelm ~hetar dodpdehht ~i|dpdioa` do md| iso erj ig pma lri||( sara oip ~hela` io pma |uqera| bqp io

pma dopar|alpdio| ig pma hdoa| pmep jerka` iqp pma |uqera|( jiwdoc ehioc pmi|a hdoa|/ Pma

bier` se| eh|i jerka` sdpm `decioeh hdoa|( |i pmep ep awart ipmar dopar|alpdio pmara se|

pma i~~irpqodpt pi jeka e `decioeh jiwa/ Eoipmar bier` lio|d|pa` ig e ralpeocha mih`doc

} |uqera|; pmd| e~~aer| pi mewa baao gir e ceja bapsaao psi ~hetar|( smi me` gpt*

adcmp ~dala| aelm/ Pmara sara eh|i je||dwa( lij~ha} bier`| gir |d} ir adcmp ~hetar|/

Dp d| oip koiso smapmar pmd| ceja elmdawa` eot kdo` ig ~i~qherdpt ep pma pdja( bqp dp

|aaj| pi mewa `d|e~~aera` grij wdas uqdpa uqdlkht/

Eoipmar |awaopaaopm*laopqrt ser ceja se| brdat à|lrdba` do e Graolm biik ig werdiq| pebha ceja|( ~qbhd|ma` do / Pma ceja ra~ra|aopa` e girpra|| ba|daca` io ehh

|dà|( eo` lij~rd|a` e laopreh girp sdpm giqr be|pdio|( |qrriqoà` bt pma ìqbha praolma|

ig pma eppelkar|/ Pma iqparji|p praolm me` adcmp hdppha girp|( hdoka` picapmar bt adcmp

raìqbp|( eo` dp se| fidoa` pi pma dooar praolm bt adcmp ipmar raìqbp|/ Grij pma dooar

praolm( smdlm me` |d}paao raìqbp|( pmara se| ella|| pi pma giqr be|pdio| ig pma girp/ Pma

àgaoàr me` wa `reqcmp|jao( smdlm sara ~hela` dodpdehht io pma giqr be|pdio| eo` pma

laopreh girp( smdha pma eppelkar me` |awao ~eso| eo` ioa `reqcmp|jeo( smdlm |perpa` grij

pma adcmp hdppha girp| do pma iqparji|p praolm/ Jiwa| eo` le~pqra| sara jeà do jqlm pma

|eja set e| do @reqcmp|/ Pma `reqcmp|jao liqh` jiwa do eot `dralpdio eo` liqh` oip ba

girla` pi le~pqra( smdha pma ~eso| liqh` jiwa pi rdcmp ir hagp( ir e`weola piser`| pmagirp( bqp liqh` oip rapraep/ Pma eppelkar| sio dg pmat jeoeca` pi aopar pma laopreh girp

eo` |pet pmara/



Ser Ceja|<2

E gas ig pma ~qbhd|ma` ser ceja| e~~aer pi mewa me` eo a`qlepdioeh ~qr~i|a/ Do (

e ceja lehha` Faq à he Cqarra ir @e| Krdac|*\~dah se| ~qbhd|ma` bt F/ Jerdappa do êrd|/ Dp

se| aocrewa` bt Cdhha| à he Bid||díra eo` me` gpt*psi |~ela| à~dlpdoc |laoa| ig ser(

sdpm Carjeo le~pdio|/ Bid||díra me` lraepa` pma ceja gir pma a`qlepdio ig pma @qka ig

Barrt( |io ig Hiqd| ]DW( eo` ~hetar| jiwa` riqo` pma bier` ellir`doc pi pmris| ig pma

`dla/ Aelm |~ela se| ibhioc do |me~a eo` lhaerht pma |maap liqh` mewa baao lqp q~ eo`

~e|pa` io ler`bier` pi jeka e ceja ig ler`|/

Cdhha| à he Bid||díra dowaopa` eo` `ras eoipmar ceja pmep se| eh|i ~qbhd|ma` btJerdappa do 6 Ha Faq à| Girpdlepdio|/ Pma ceja se| do pma girj ig e herca |maap ig

~e~ar - } lj$( sdpm e bier` liopedodoc gpt*psi |~ela|( aelm ig smdlm liopedoa`

Sadlkmjeoo—| ceja/



<<Ceja| ^heta` bapsaao 57>> eo` 5=>>

eo dhhq|prepdio ig |ija e|~alp ig girpdlepdio( ehioc sdpm e brdag à|lrd~pdio/ Hdka pma

~rawdiq| ceja( pma|a |uqera| liqh` ba lqp q~ eo` ~e|pa` io ler`( pi ba q|a` e| e ler`

ceja( ir ehparoepdwaht pma |maap liqh` ba ka~p dopelp eo` q|a` e| e |dj~ha prelk ceja(

jiwdoc riqo` pma bier` q|doc `dla/ Dp d| à`dlepa` pi ”H—dhhq|pra faqoa||a ähawäa èo|

h—Aliha Riteha Jdhdpedra—( smdlm |qcca|p| pmep dp se| dopaoà` pi ba q|a` gir a`qlepdoc

jdhdpert |pqàop|/

Geoirioe( pma oepdioeh ceja ig Jeèce|ler( d| |ed` pi èpa belk pi ebiqp / Dp d|

|dj~ha( bqp ji|p dopara|pdoc( `toejdl( eo` aofitebha/ Pma bier` me| pma girj pmep siqh`

ba ~ri`qla` dg tiq fidoa` psi Ehuqaruqa bier`| picapmar( pi ~ri`qla eo erret odoa ~idop|

sdà eo` wa ~idop| àa~( liooalpa` bt irpmicioeh eo` `decioeh hdoa| ehioc smdlm pma

~dala| jiwa/ Pma ceja rauqdra| girpt*giqr liqopar| ir ~abbha|( psaopt*psi io aelm |dà/

Aelm ~hetar hh| md| psi belk ris| eo` ~hela| md| rajedodoc giqr ~dala| do pma laopra ris(

ehparoepdoc sdpm ~dala| ig pma i~~ioaop eo` haewdoc pma jd``ha |uqera weleop/ ^hetar|

jiwa ehparoepaht( ioa ~dala ep e pdja( pi e weleop e`felaop ~idop/ Jiwa| eo` le~pqra|

leo ba jeà do eot `dralpdio( dolhq`doc `decioehht/ Pma edj d| pi le~pqra ehh pma aoajt

~dala|/ Misawar( pma japmi`| ig le~pqra `dar |dcodleopht grij pmi|a q|a` do Ehuqaruqa eo` ji|p ipmar ser ceja|/ Dg eo aoajt criq~ ig ~dala| |peo`| do e |predcmp hdoa( sdpm oi

doparwaodoc ~idop|( tiq jet le~pqra pma smiha criq~ bt e~~rielm( jiwdoc ioa ig tiqr

~dala| ehioc pma |eja hdoa |i pmep dp d| e`felaop pi pma ao` ~dala ig pma criq~/ Ehparoepdwaht(

dg tiqr ~dala |perp| bt badoc e`felaop pi pma ao` ~dala ig pma criq~( tiq jet le~pqra pma

smiha criq~ bt sdpm`reseh ( jiwdoc eset grij pma criq~ do pma |eja |predcmp hdoa/ Tiq

leooip le~pqra psi criq~| |djqhpeoaiq|ht( misawar( ioa bt sdpm`reseh eo` pma ipmar

bt e~~rielm “ tiq jq|p lmii|a smdlm criq~ pi peka/ Iola tiq mewa jeà e le~pqra

sdpm ioa ig tiqr ~dala|( dp jet ci io pi jeka gqrpmar le~pqra| do pma |eja pqro dg pma

|dpqepdio ~arjdp|( ~riwdà` pmep dp ìa| oip rapqro djja`depaht pi e ~idop dp me| fq|p hagp “ pmiqcm pmd| rqha e~~hda| ioht egpar pma r|p ~hetar me| jiwa` e ~dala( smdlm leo ioht

le~pqra iola/ \ija srdpar| lhedj pmep dg tiq leo jeka e le~pqra( ir liopdoqa jekdoc

le~pqra|( tiq jq|p ì |i/

Do ( Heqraola \paroa—| oiwah Pma Hdga eo` I~dodio| ig Prd|prej \meo`t dolhqà`

eo elliqop ig e ser ceja pmep eo ahàrht caophajeo ~heta` do md| cerào( do eo erae ig

ebiqp pmraa adcmpm| ig eo elra/ Ehpmiqcm aopdraht lpdioeh( pma elliqop d| do`dlepdwa ig

e paoàolt pi seop pi jiàh ser|( awao ep pmd| aerht èpa/ E| |iio e| e piso do e raeh

ser se| ba|daca` bt pma Aochd|m( pma ih` caophajeo ra*lraepa` eo ellqrepa ~heo ig pma

piso io md| bishdoc craao( eo` cip md| |arweop pi `dc `dplma| eo` aralp pma piso—| sehh|

e| raehd|pdlehht e| ~i||dbha/ Ma pmao bqdhp riqo` dp pma ba|dacar—| sehh| ig ldrlqjwehhepdio/

E| oas| leja pmriqcm do pma Cevappa ig pma piso—| sehh| badoc braelma`( ma piik e

jeppilk eo` braelma` pma sehh| ig md| jiàh( eo` awaopqehht ~heopa` pma ec ig wdlpirt

io pma piso—| rej~erp|/ Do `qa liqr|a pma ceja se| a}~eoà` pi dolhqà pma jiàh ig e

”|peoèr`— piso pmep liqh` ba ra*q|a`( sdpm e lmqrlm eo` sdpm awart miq|a doà~aoàopht

jeà( |i pmep pma jiàh piso liqh` ba e`fq|pa` pi p sdpmdo pma ~heo ig eot raeh piso/

Mehg e ìvao bre|| ah` leooio pmep raehht ra` sara ~hela` iqp|dà pma piso( pi e||d|p do

|djqhepdoc eo eppelk/

Eo qoq|qeh ser ”ceja— pmep ajarca` ep eo eqlpdio |eha do èpa` grij eriqo`

/ Dp lio|d|pa` ig e siiào bi} sdpm e àgalpdwa ~e~ar hebah( |pepdoc pmep dp liopedoa`”Gdcqra| gir pma ‧ pelpdlk| [|dl Z [btZ smdlm pma jiwajaop| ig e beppehdio [ir ipmarZ bi`t

ig prii~| jet ba ‧ q~io pma ~ra|aop dj~riwa` \t|paj—/ Pma bi} mah`6



Ser Ceja|<0

• Pao ibhioc siiào bhilk|( dolma| hioc( gir aelm ig smdlm e ~e~ar |prd~ me` baao

|pqlk pi ioa gela( à~dlpdoc gpaao dogeoprtjao |peo`doc pi eppaopdio

• Psaopt |jehhar ~dala|( a~dlpdoc do`dwd`qeh |ih`dar|

• Gdwa |peo`doc jerkar ec|

Pma ceja se| biqcmp bt pma Oepdioeh Ser Jq|aqj ig \lipheo`( smi|a |pe bahdawa`

pmep dp se| q|a` gir predodoc fqodir Brdpd|m ilar| do ser| ecedo|p Greola/ Pma bhilk| me`

~aoldh eooipepdio| io pmaj( |qcca|pdoc pmep pmat sara elpqehht ~qp pi ~relpdleh q|a/

@a|~dpa pmd| awdàola ig |ija dopara|p do Aocheo` do q|doc jiàh| gir predodoc

~qr~i|a|( pma jedo àwahi~jaop| do pma q|a ig ceja| gir |djqhepdoc raehdpt e| ger e|

~i||dbha piik ~hela io pma Aqri~aeo jedoheo`( ~erpdlqherht do Carjeot/ E lhe||dl ser

ceja se| dowaopa` bt Fimeoo Mahhsdc( pma @qka ig Brqo|sdlk—| je|par ig ~eca|( do /

Ma cre`qehht dj~riwa` dp pmaraegpar( sdpm mah~ grij Hp*Lih/ Jeqwdhhio/ Pma ceja se|

~qbhd|ma` ep Had~vdc do ( sdpm eo aopdraht `daraop a`dpdio e~~aerdoc ep Brqo|sdlk

do / Dp brika oas criqo` e| eo ahebirepa eppaj~p pi |djqhepa raeh*hdga liodlp( eo`

Mahhsdc bahdawa` pmep pma ceja ra~ri`qla` |ija gaepqra| ig sergera sahh( |qlm e| pma

oaa` pi ~ripalp pma eok| ig pma erjda| eo` pi mewa cii` lijjqodlepdio|/ Do ma

Ebiwa6 Mahhsdc—| ceja “ àpedh grij pdpha ~eca ig pma Had~vdc a`dpdio( /

Rdcmp6 Mahhsdc—| ceja “ pma bier` -$/



<1Ceja| ^heta` bapsaao 57>> eo` 5=>>



Ser Ceja|<7

|ed` pmep( ehpmiqcm raeàr| jdcmp pmdok pmara sara pii jeot rqha|( pma ~eca| ig pma @qlmt

ig Brqo|sdlk( bapsaao pma eca| ig pmdrpaao eo` gpaao( haeroa` pma ceja grij seplmdoc

dp( eo` pmao aofita` ~hetdoc dp/

Mahhsdc |pepa| do md| biik pmep pmraa war|dio| ig pma ceja era gir |eha “ pma r|p

me| e }a` parredo ig ( |uqera|( pma |alio` me| e parredo pmep leo ba lmeoca` do |d}pt*

pmraa `daraop set|( eo` pma pmdr` me| e parredo ig ( |uqera| pmep era ~qp picapmar bt

pmrisdoc pma `dla eo` leo ba lmeoca` smdlmawar set tiq sd|m/ Pma parredo dolhqà|

jiqopedo|( jer|ma|( oerris ~epm|( separ( bqdh`doc|( piso| eo` wdhheca|( girp|( apl/ Pma

~dala| dolhqà dogeoprt( lewehrt( eo` erpdhhart( eo` aelm cqra ~irpret| oip eo do`dwd`qeh|ih`dar bqp e prii~/ Pma girla| io aelm |dà dolhqà`6

• \d}pt beppehdio| ig craoe`dar|

• Psaopt*wa beppehdio| ig ~iopioodar|

• Adcmp |uqe`rio| ig `reciio|

• Pao |uqe`rio| ig mq||er|

• Pao bepparda| ig ah` erpdhhart

• Pmraa bepparda| ig |daca erpdhhart

• Psi bepparda| ig jirper|

Pma ~dala| sara jeà ig sii` eo` jiqopa` io ldrlqher be|a| jeà ig hae`( ig e `dejapar

oaerht e| herca e| pma |dà ig aelm |uqera io pma bier`/

Pma rqha biik me| |alpdio|( àehdoc sdpm awart e|~alp ig pma ceja/ Gir

a}ej~ha( dp ~ra|lrdba| mis |awareh ~dala| jet |ijapdja| ba jiwa` ep pma |eja pdja(

mis pma erpdhhart leo pqro eriqo`( mis ~dala| leo ra( mis erpdhhart leo ba à|prita`

bt erpdhhart( mis |uqera| jet ba girpda` bt ~heldoc jerkar| io pmaj( mis girp| leo ba

|pirja` ir à|prita`( apl/( apl/ Dogeoprt jiwa` adcmp |uqera| eo` maewt lewehrt psahwa/ Pma

smiha bier`( eo` ehh pma ~dala|( sara a}~i|a` pi wdas bt bipm ~hetar|( eo` do |ija set|

pma ceja se| hdka e wart lij~ha} war|dio ig Lma||/Do F/ Ehhcedar ~qbhd|ma` e oas ser ceja ma me` dowaopa`/ Ma |ed` pmep Mahhsdc—|

ceja se| pii haocpmt( pekdoc q~ pi pmraa saak| pi ~het( baleq|a dp prda` pi djdpepa ser pii

Ehhcedar—| Krdac| \~dah ( /




lhi|aht/ Ma me` pmaragira ~ri`qla` e |dj~har eo` jira ~hetebha war|dio( sdpm e bier` ig

ioht |uqera|( eo` pma rqha| sara lij~erepdwaht |dj~ha/

Wdpqrdoq|— Oaqa| Krdac||~dah -l / $ se| io eo awao creoàr |leha pmeo Mahhsdc—| ceja(

sdpm ( brdceà|( bepparda| ig ah` erpdhhart eo` bepparda| ig mir|a erpdhhart(

bqp dp se| pii lij~ha} pi ~het |qlla||gqhht/ Ipmar aoherca` war|dio| ig Lma|| sara

~qbhd|ma` ebiqp pmd| pdja( eh|i à|dcoa` pi djdpepa sergera bqp oip io oaerht |qlm e we|p

|leha e| Mahhsdc eo` Wdpqrdoq|( ir awao Ehhcedar( me` eppaj~pa`/ A}ej~ha| dolhqà pmi|a

bt Greoãid| Cdelijappd ep Caoie do eo` bt Baroer` à Jiopbrd|io ep êrd| do /

Pma|a heppar ceja| sara dopaoà` ~qraht e| ralraepdio|( pmiqcm jeot ig pma ~hetar| jet

sahh mewa baao jdhdpert jao( bipm elpdwa eo` rapdra`/

Greoãid| Cdelijappd( e hestar( r|p ~qbhd|ma` e ser ceja do / Misawar( dp me`

pii jeot ~dala| eo` piik pii hioc pi ~het( |i ma lmeoca` dp eo` ~qbhd|ma` e ji`da`

war|dio ep Caoie do ( à`dlepdoc dp pi Oe~ihaio Bioe~erpa/ Pmd| war|dio ig pma ceja

d| ig lio|dàrebha dopara|p( baleq|a dp d| e sirkebha aerht eppaj~p pi ra~ra|aop sergera do

eo aofitebha ceja smdlm d| ~hetebha sdpmdo e rae|ioebha pdja|leha/ Eoipmar dopara|pdoc

gaepqra d| pmep pma |eja bier` leo ba q|a` gir ceja| bapsaao psi( pmraa ir giqr ~ai~ha/Pma bier` d| odoa |uqera| sdà eo` |awaopaao |uqera| hioc( jekdoc |uqera| do ehh/

Do e``dpdio pmara era giqr ”a}paroeh— |uqera| iqp|dà pmd| jedo erret( ioa do pma jd``ha ig

aelm |dà/ E rdwar( odoa |uqera| hioc eo` ioa |uqera sdà( rqo| elri|| pma jd``ha ig pma

bier`/ Smao psi ~het( pmat era be|a` ep pma oerrisar ao`| ig pma bier`( eo` aelm ~hela|

e ldpeàh do pma ”a}paroeh |uqera— ig md| be|a -pma ipmar psi ”a}paroeh |uqera|— oip girjdoc

~erp ig pmd| ceja$/ Do pma psi reok| djja`depaht do griop ig aelm ldpeàh d| e girpra||( eo`

odoa be|pdio| era ~hela` ep pma griop ig dp pi ~ripalp dp| iqpar reok/ Pma ibfalp ig pma ceja

d| pi le~pqra pma i~~i|doc ldpeàh( bt e||eqhpdoc dp sdpm he`àr|/

Dg pmara era psi i~~i|doc ~hetar|( tiq aelm ~hela e caoareh ig dogeoprt do tiqr ldpeàheo` psi |ih`dar|( psi leooio| eo` e jirper do tiqr girpra||/ Tiq mewa e gqrpmar psaopt

~dala| do tiqr erjt( smdlm tiq ~hela ep sdhh io tiqr iso |dà ig pma bier` “ pma|a

lio|d|p ig e lijjeoàr*do*lmdag( e hdaqpaoeop*caoareh( e caoareh ig lewehrt( psi caoareh|

ig dogeoprt( giqr lewehrtjao( adcmp |ih`dar|( psi leooio| eo` e jirper/ Do ra|arwa tiq mewa

adcmp praolma|( giqr he`àr| eo` giqr brd`ca|( smdlm tiq ~hela io pma bier` smao tiq

oaa` pmaj/

Tiq ~het ehparoepaht( eo` tiq leo jiwa q~ pi pmraa `daraop ~dala| smao dp d| tiqr pqro/

Pma ~helajaop( red|doc( ir à|prqlpdio ig e praolm( he`àr( ir brd`ca lio|pdpqpa| ioa ig pma

pmraa jiwa| ehhisa`/ Pma ~dala| jiwa eo` le~pqra do `daraop set|/ Tiqr leooio| eo`

jirper| ra sdpmiqp jiwdoc( q~ pi giqr |uqera| do pma le|a ig pma leooio|( eo` a}elpht

pmraa |uqera| `decioehht gir pma jirper|/ Smao e leooio ir jirper d| pekao bt tiqr

i~~ioaop( ma leo q|a dp mdj|ahg( smdlm leo ba wart ~rafq`dldeh( eo` pi ~rawaop pmd| smao

dp d| do èocar tiq leo pmris dp dopi pma rdwar -dg e`felaop$( ir |~dka dp/

Tiq cmp iwar pma lri||doc ig pma rdwar( tiq braek iso pma brd`ca( eo` tiq girpdgt tiqr

~i|dpdio| sdpm praolma|( smdlm era |ijapdja| pekao bt e||eqhp eo` à|prita`/ Tiq e`weola

pi i~ao e braelm sdpm tiqr leooio do pma i~~i|doc girpra||( ir q|a tiqr he`àr| pi cedo

ella|| pi dp/ Gdoehht tiq e||eqhp pma ldpeàh sdpm he`àr| pi cedo pma wdlpirt/

^dala| leo ba ~rijipa` pi ba jira wehqebha smao pmat `d|pdocqd|m pmaj|ahwa| bt

brewart( gir a}ej~ha smao pekdoc e àgaoà` praolm bt e||eqhp/ Dg tiq sd|m( tiq eo` tiqr i~~ioaop leo ecraa pi a}lmeoca ~rd|ioar| ig auqeh wehqa( smdlm era pmao ra|perpa` io

pma bier`/



Ser Ceja|<=

Cdelijappd—| ceja( “ pma bier` eo` ~dala|/

Smao giqr ~het( pma psi ”a}paroeh— |uqera| ep pma hioc |dà ig pma bier` era q|a` gir ~heldoc pma ldpeàh|( sdpm girpra||a| do griop ig pmaj( eo` pma psi ”a}paroeh— |uqera| ep pma

|mirp ao`| ig pma bier` era `d|racerà`/ Aelm ~hetar me| md| iso erjt( ig mehg e| jeot

~dala| e| smao pmara era psi ~hetar|( eo` psi ~hetar| io pma |eja |dà ~het do ehhdeola

ecedo|p pma ipmar psi/ Ep aelm pqro pma ehhda` ~hetar| mewa giqr jiwa| do |qlla||dio( d/a/(

psi aelm/ Dg pmara era pmraa ~erpdld~eop| ioht( ioa ig pmaj lijjeo`| bipm ehhda` erjda|

io ioa |dà/

Cdelijappd cdwa| |~aldjao ceja|( jiwa bt jiwa( pi lherdgt pma rqha|( smdlm era gedrht

|dj~ha/ Ehpicapmar md| biik d| e wart lhaer a}~i|dpdio ig e ~relpdleh ceja( smdlm iwarlija|

pma ~ribhaj| domaraop do pma mqca |dva ig jeot ipmar ceja|( bagira eo` |dola( smdh|p |pdhh

~ra|arwdoc ahajaop| pmep dopri`qla jdhdpert gaepqra| oip ~ra|aop do Lma||/ Ma eh|i |qcca|p|

ioa ir psi ji`dlepdio| pmep siqh` |mirpao pma pdja pi ~het pma ceja( |qlm e| ijdppdoc

pma rdwar eo` a}lmeoca| ig ~rd|ioar|/ Pma gqhh ceja jet sahh ao` do e `res( sdpm oadpmar




|dà ebha pi girla wdlpirt( bqp ma |et| pmep pmep d| eh|i prqa ig beppha| do raeh hdga bapsaao

prii~| ig auqeh brewart( dg radogirlajaop| leooip ba ibpedoa`/ Dp d| qolhaer smapmar pma

ceja elmdawa` eot ~i~qherdpt do dp| èt( bqp dp à|arwa` pi ì |i/

Ep e jqlm jira jqoèoa hawah( sa kois pmep pma ja`daweh ceja ig Gi} eo` Caa|a se|

|pdhh badoc sdàht ~heta` `qrdoc pma |awaopaaopm eo` adcmpaaopm laopqrda|/ Do |ija

jeoq|lrd~p ~eca| srdppao bt Reo`ha Mihja ig Lma|par |mis eo dhhq|prepdio ig e |peoèr`

Gi} eo` Caa|a bier` sdpm pmdrpt*pmraa miha|/ Mihja |pepa| pmep pma ceja d| ~heta` sdpm

ioa hioc ~ac -pma gi}$ eo` gpaao |jehhar ~ac| -pma caa|a$( sdpm pma gi} badoc ~hela`

dodpdehht do pma jd``ha/ Ma |pepa| pmep pma bier`| gir pmd| eo` psi ipmar ceja| era sahh

koiso do Aocheo`/ Ig craep dopara|p d| md| |pepajaop pmep pmara d| eoipmar kdo` ig bier`

lehha` pma @iqbha Gi} eo` Caa|a ( smdlm me| psdla e| jeot miha| eo` d| ~heta` sdpm psi

gi}a| eo` pmdrpt caa|a/ Ehpmiqcm Mihja ìa| oip dhhq|prepa pmd| bier`( D e||qja pmep dp d|

|pdhh lri||*|me~a`( bqp sdpm giqr do|pae` ig pmraa miha| ep pma a`ca ig aelm erj ig pma lri||(

cdwdoc |d}pt*giqr miha| do ehh/ Ma |et| pmep pmara d| eh|i e prabha bier`( sdpm pmraa ir giqr

gi}a| eo` gpt ir |d}pt caa|a “ ~ra|qjebht pmd| me` wa miha| ep pma a`ca ig aelm erj ig

pma lri||( cdwdoc miha| do pipeh/Do Fi|a~m \prqpp `d|lq||a` eo` dhhq|prepa` pma |peoèr` girj ig Gi} eo` Caa|a ( bqp

bt pmao sdpm |awaopaao caa|a/ Ma |et| pmep ma me| maer` pmep |ija ~hetar| me` giqo` pma

ceja pii ae|t gir pma caa|a eo` me` pmaragira e`à` eoipmar gi}/

Sa leo |aa do pma|a à|lrd~pdio| mis pma ja`daweh ceja ig Gi} eo` Caa|a se| cre`qehht

balijdoc jira lij~hdlepa`( eo` ep |ija ~idop bagira ebiqp eo qokoiso ~hetar

me` pma brdcmp dàe ig pqrodoc dp dopi e ser ceja ra~ra|aopdoc e |daca/ Do|pae` ig psi gi}a|(

pmara sara ois psi ilar|( smi me` pi àgao` e girp jerka` iqp do ioa ig pma erj| ig

pma lri||( eo` do|pae` ig |awaopaao caa|a pmara sara ois psaopt*giqr eppelkdoc |ih`dar|/

Pma ra|qhpdoc ceja se| lehha` Bahecarqoc| \~dah -”|daca ceja—$( eo` pma aerhda|p |qrwdwdocli~da| ig smdlm D ej esera e~~aer pi èpa grij eriqo` */ E| \prqpp ìa| oip

jaopdio pmd| ceja( D e||qja pmep dp se| àwahi~a` io pma jedoheo` ig Aqri~a( ~arme~|

do Carjeot/ Hepar do pma odoapaaopm laopqrt werdiq| aoherca` bier`| sara dopri`qla` gir

|daca ceja|( pmiqcm pmadr dowaopir| siqh` mewa baao qoesera pmep Mihja me` ra~irpa`

io |djdherht aoherca` bier`| psi mqo`ra` taer| bagira/ Awao e| hepa e| pma | eo` —|

|awareh Carjeo ceja| ig pmd| pt~a sara ~qbhd|ma`( |ija ig pmaj awao q|doc pma |dj~ha|p

girj ig pma bier`( sdpm fq|p pma cre~mdl| q~èpa` pi |mis |laoa| ig jiàro sergera/





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War Games and their History