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Basic Life Support

CPR(Adults)

Dr. Ahmed Sabry

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NO MATTER WHAT THECAUSE………

 When the heart has stopped and the victim

is not breathing (or abnormal breathing),CPR is the answer.

Without a constant supply of blood, cellsof the body will start to die. Brain damagebegins within 4 to 6 minutes after cardiac

arrest. Within 8 to 10 minutes, the damagemay be irreversible.

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation will help tocirculate oxygenated blood until more

advanced medical care can be performed.

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The Chain of Survival

Source: American Heart Association

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CPRCombines chest compressions andrescue breathing 

Revives heart (cardio) and lung(pulmonary) functioning Use when there is no breathing and

no pulse Provides O2 to the brain until

ACLS arrives

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How CPR Works

Effective CPR provides 1/4 to

1/3 normal blood flow Rescue breaths contain 16%

oxygen (21%)

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Start CPR Immediately

Better chance of survival

Brain damage starts in 4-6minutes 

Brain damage is certain after10 minutes without CPR

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Do Not Move the VictimUntil CPR is Given and

Qualified HelpArrives… 

unless the scene dictatesotherwise 

threat of fire or explosion

victim must be on a hard surface

Place victim level or head

slightly lower than body

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Even With SuccessfulCPR, Most Won’t

Survive Without ACLS

ACLS (AdvancedCardiac LifeSupport) 

ACLS includesdefibrillation,oxygen, drug

therapy

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Survey The Scene,

then: RAPR -

ResponsivenessTap shoulder

and shout “Are

you ok?”

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Check For Breathing 

Look, listen and

feel forbreathing 

No longer than

10 secondsseconds

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Checking Vital Signs

Carotid pulse

 Within 10 seconds(not more than

10 sec) 

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RAP

P - Position on back

All body parts rolled over atthe same time

Always be aware of head and

spinal cord injuries

Support neck and spinal

column

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CPR (CAB)

Compression: Circulation

Airway

Breathing 

Disability (keep this in mind from

the beginning)If victim is unconscious but does

display vital signs, place on left side 

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Compressions

Locate proper hand position for chestcompressions

Place heel of one hand on center of chestbetween the nipples OR

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Compressions

Using both hands, give30 chest compressions

Count 1, 2, 3 … 

Depth of compressions:at least 2 inches (5 Cm)

At a rate at least 100/secInterruption not more

than 10 sec

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Breathing 

After 30 compressions:

2 breaths , in not more than

10 seconds Ensure (watch) chest rise up

and ensure chest recoil(expiration).

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CPR

After 30 chest compressionsgive: 

2 slow breaths (not more than 10sec). 

Continue until help arrives or

victim recoversIf the victim starts moving:

check breathing

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 When Can I Stop

CPR?Victim revives Trained help arrives Too exhausted to continueUnsafe scene Physician directed (do not resuscitate

orders) Cardiac arrest of longer than 30 minutes(controversial)

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Two Partner 

CPRRescuer 1:

place hands for

compressions 

Rescuer 2:

Air way, breathing 

AED: switched on, pads, etc…. 

Compression rate: 30:2

Switch off when tired

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 Why CPR May Fail

Delay in starting

Improper procedures

No ACLS follow-up and delay indefibrillation

Terminal disease or unmanageabledisease (massive heart attack)

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Complications of

CPR1. Vomiting

AspirationPlace victim on left side

Wipe vomit from mouth withfingers wrapped in a cloth

Reposition and resume CPR

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2. Stomach Distension

Air in the stomach

Creates pressure against thelungs

 Prevention of Stomach Distension

Don’t blow too hard Slow rescue breathing

Re-tilt the head to make sure the airway isopen

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3. Injuries Related to CPR

Rib fractures 

Laceration related to thetip of the sternum

(Liver, lung, spleen)

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 Mouth to Mouth Barrier 

DevicesMasks

Shields