VW Lawsuit

8/20/2019 VW Lawsuit

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C@ XFD T@CXDH YXLXDY HCYXRCIX IMTRX

EMR XFD @MRXFDR@ HCYXRCIX ME XDVLY

HLKKLY HCUCYCM@

LACD K. ZLRYM@Y, )c`hcvchulkky l`h m` bdflke me lkk )mtfdrs scacklrky sctultdh, ) Ilsd @m. 9?<4-iv-:9<92

)Zklc`tcee, )

)v. ) OTRS XRCLK HDAL@HDH

)UMKGY^LND@ NRMTZ ME )LADRCIL@, [email protected] l`h )

UMKGY^LND@ LN, ))

Hded`hl`ts. )

IKLYY LIXCM@ IMAZKLC@X

IMADY @M^ Zklc`tcee Lacd K. Zlrsm`s, c`hcvchulkky l`h m` bdflke me lkk

mtfdr scacklrky sctultdh (c.d. tfd adabdrs me tfd Iklss hdsircbdh l`h hdec`dh wctfc`

tfcs Iklss Litcm` Imapklc`t), (fdrdletdr, imkkditcvdky, ‛Zklc`tcees‑), l`h emr tfdcr

ilusds me litcm` lnlc`st Hded`hl`t Umkgswlnd` Nrmup me Ladrcil, Cì. l`h

Umkgswlnd` LN, (fdrdletdr, imkkditcvdky, ‛Hded`hl`ts‑), lkkdnd l`h stltd ls emkkmws?

MUDRUCD^

<. Xfcs ilsd lhhrdssds m`d me tfd amst hdkcbdrltd l`h bkltl`t erluhs tm bd

pdrpdtrltdh m` tfd T.Y. im`suadrs by l` c`tdr`ltcm`lk lutmamtcvd im`nkmadrltd c`

fcstmry. Ct lrcsds erma Hded`hl`ts– stu``c`n Ydptdabdr 9, 2:<4, lhacsscm` tflt, emr

amrd tfl` sdvd` (>) ydlrs, Hded`hl`ts flvd bdd` c`td`tcm`lkky, hdkcbdrltdky, l`h

Ilsd 9?<4-iv-:9<92-@ Hmiuad`t < Eckdh :3/26/<4 Zlnd < me 42 ZlndCH <



2

alkcicmusky hdscn`c`n, alùeliturc`n, l`h hcstrcbutc`n fu`hrdhs me tfmusl`hs me cts

purpmrtdhky ‛ikdl` hcdsdk‑ vdfcikds wctf l smetwlrd lknmrctfa dabdhhdh c` tfd d`nc`d

im`trmk amhukd, tfd smkd purpmsd me wfcif wls tm hdtdit wfd` l edhdrlkky al`hltdh

dacsscm`s tdst wls bdc`n im`huitdh l`h tm ilusd tfd vdfcikds– dacsscm`s systda tm

swctif tm l` mpdrltc`n amhd tflt wmukh d`lbkd tfd vdfcikd tm elksdky lppdlr tm plss tfd

edhdrlk l`h stltd ikdl` lcr dacsscm`s stl`hlrhs. Xm bd ikdlr, tfd d`nc`d im`trmk amhukd

wmukh imaal`h tfd dacsscm`s systda tm ru` c` tfcs amhd M@KS wfd` tfd d`nc`d

im`trmk amhukd hdtdrac`dh tflt tfd vdfcikd wls bdc`n mpdrltdh u`hdr tfd tdstc`n

im`hctcm`s emr tfd edhdrlkky al`hltdh dacsscm`s tdstc`n. Lt lkk mtfdr tcads, tfd d`nc`d

im`trmk amhukd wmukh imaal`h tfd dacsscm`s systda tm mpdrltd c` suif l wly tflt tfd

ikdl` hcdsdk vdfcikds wmukh, c` elit, dact up tm emrty-tcads (8:x) tfd qul`tcty me

`ctrmnd` mxchds lkkmwdh by edhdrlk l`h stltd dacsscm`s stl`hlrhs. C` sm hmc`n,

Hded`hl`ts c`trmhuidh lt kdlst flke l ackkcm` lutmambckds c`tm tfd T`ctdh Ytltds alrgdt

tflt eklnrl`tky vcmkltd tfcs imu`try–s Ikdl` Lcr Lit.

2. Xfd lca me tfd Ikdl` Lcr Lit l`h tfd imrrdspm`hc`n rdnukltcm`s l`h stltd

klws wls tm prmtdit fual` fdlktf l`h tfd d`vcrmàd`t by rdhuic`n dacsscm`s me

`ctrmnd` mxchds l`h mtfdr pmkkutl`ts. @ctrmnd` mxchds lrd g`mw` tm bd l elacky me

fcnfky rdlitcvd nlsds tflt lrd scn`cecil`tky c`vmkvdh c` ltamspfdrci rdlitcm`s wctf

vmkltckd mrnl`ci imapmu`hs tflt prmhuid mzm`d. Brdltfc`n mzm`d fls bdd` kc`gdh tm l

vlrcdty me fdlktf prmbkdas cìkuhc`n ifdst plc`, imunfc`n, tfrmlt crrctltcm`, l`h

Ilsd 9?<4-iv-:9<92-@ Hmiuad`t < Eckdh :3/26/<4 Zlnd 2 me 42 ZlndCH 2



9

im`ndstcm`, l`h il` wmrsd` fdlktf im`hctcm`s suif ls brmìfctcs, dapfysdal, l`h

lstfal. ^flt cs wmrsd, ifckhrd` lrd lt tfd nrdltdst rcsg me dxpdrcdìc`n `dnltcvd fdlktf

im`hctcm`s erma dxpmsurd tm mzm`d.

9. Xfd capu`cty, lvlrcid, l`h hcsrdnlrh emr tfd klw by Hded`hl`ts

Umkgswlnd` LN, Umkgswlnd` Nrmup me Ladrcil, Cì., l`h Umkgswlnd` me Ladrcil,

Cì., algds tfcs stmry lkk tfd amrd rdalrglbkd. Ycìd cts c`trmhuitcm` c` 2::6,

Hded`hl`ts tmutdh tfd 2.:K XHC Ikdl` Hcdsdk d`nc`d ls l ‛el`tlstci pmwdr trlc`‑ tflt

‛ncvds vdry nmmh eudk dim`may‑ tflt ‛cs lksm nmmh emr tfd d`vcrmàd`t bdilusd ct puts

24% kdss nrdd`fmusd nls dacsscm`s tfl` wflt l nlsmkc`d d`nc`d wmukh, . . . iuts mut tfd

plrtciukltd dacsscm`s by 3:% l`h tfd dacsscm`s me `ctrmus mxchd lrd iut by 34%, . . .

Wl`h csQ ikdl` d`munf tm bd idrtcecdh c` lkk 4: stltds.‑ (Ytltdad`t me Umkgswlnd` Nrmup

me Ladrcil, Cì.–s Ifcde Mpdrltc`n Meecidr Alrg Blr`ds, tm Xfd Busc`dss C`schdr,

Mitmbdr 3, 2::3.) ^flt Ar. Blr`ds `dnkditdh tm sly wls tflt tfd U^ ikdl` hcdsdk

vdfcikds wdrd d`nc`ddrdh tm bd lbkd tm hdtdit wfd` tfdy wdrd bdc`n tdstdh l`h tm

swctif tfd al``dr c` wfcif tfd dacsscm`s systda mpdrltdh tm bd lbkd tm lifcdvd tfmsd

rdhuitcm`s c` `ctrmnd` mxchds. ^flt Ar. Blr`ds lksm `dnkditdh tm hcsikmsd wls tflt,

letdr icriuavd`tc`n tfd dacsscm`s klws me tfd T`ctdh Ytltds, dvdry m`d me U^–s ikdl`

hcdsdk vdfcikds– dacsscm`s systdas wdrd prmnrlaadh tm ru` c` l amhd tflt wmukh

rdsukt c` up tm 8: tcads tfd lkkmwlbkd qul`tctcds me `ctrmnd` mxchds bdc`n rdkdlsdh c`tm

tfd ltamspfdrd u`hdr `mralk dvdry hly mpdrltc`n im`hctcm`s.




8

8. Hded`hl`ts usdh tfcs erluh tm lkkmw tfda tm pmsctcm` U^ ls tfd alrgdt

kdlhdr c` lutmamtcvd hcdsdk slkds c` tfd T`ctdh Ytltds, ilpturc`n l` lstmu`hc`n >6% me

tfd alrgdt by 2:<9 liimrhc`n tm cts mw` hmiuad`ts. L`h wfckd ct wls pdrpdtrltc`n

tfcs erluh, ct wls tlgc`n sfmts lt mtfdr lutmalgdrs wfm wdrd ilunft cèkltc`n tfd rdlk-

wmrkh ackdlnd pdremralìd, ls rdekditdh c` tfd stltdad`ts me Umkgswlnd` Nrmup me

Ladrcil–s tdif`cilk strltdny al`lndr, Hmun Ygmrupsgc, wfm, c` l Ydptdabdr <8, 2:<9

prdss rdkdlsd, stltdh tflt ‛Umkgswlnd`–s slkds me XHC ikdl`-hcdsdk amhdks aly bd

bd`decttc̀ n erma tfd cìrdlsc`n prmbkdas tflt mtfdr lutm brl`hs flvd dìmu`tdrdh c`

dkdvltc`n tfd rdlk-wmrkh ackdlnd pdremralìd me smad me tfdcr ilrs wctf tfd eudk

dim`may tfdy lhvdrtcsd.‑

4. But pdrflps tfd amst brlzd` hcspkly me cts erluh flh tm bd Umkgswlnd`

Nrmup me Ladrcil–s prdss rdkdlsd me Lunust 29, 2:<9, tctkdh ‛Umkgswlnd` Nrmup

Zrdssds emr ‖Nrdd`– Rdimn`ctcm` emr Ikdl` Hcdsdk,‑ c` wfcif cts vcid prdschd`t emr

c`hustry l`h nmvdràd`t rdkltcm`s imapklc`dh tflt ‛^d–rd `mt eddkc`n tfd kmvd,‑

rdedrrc`n tm tfd elit tflt hcdsdk buydrs flh `mt bdd` leemrhdh elvmrlbkd nmvdràd`t

trdltad`t, l`h tmutc`n ikdl` hcdsdk ls ‛m`d me tfd nrdltdst ifmcids‑ emr ilr buydrs wctf

d`vcrmàd`tlk imìdr`s ls wdkk ls eudk dim`may hdal`hs.

5. Eurtfdr dvchdìc`n Hded`hl`ts– g`mwc`n imaactad`t tm tfdcr erluh, dvd`

wfd` tfd ecrst c`hciltcm` surelidh tflt Hded`hl`ts– ikdl` hcdsdk ilrs wdrd vcmkltc`n

ikdl` lcr dacsscm`s stl`hlrhs u`hdr rdlk-wmrkh mpdrltc`n im`hctcm`s c` Aly 2:<8, l`h




4

tfd DZL l`h ILRB kluìfdh tfdcr c`vdstcnltcm`s, Hded`hl`ts vdfdad`tky hd`cdh l`y

wrm`nhmc`n, alùeliturdh ‛tdif`cilk cssuds‑ tm tfrmw c`vdstcnltmrs mee tfd trlck, l`h

dvd` purpmrtdh tm hdvdkmp l ecx l`h l``muìdh l vmku`tlry rdilkk c` Hdidabdr 2:<8

tflt tfdy iklcadh wmukh rdadhy tfd crrdnuklrctcds chd`tcecdh by tfd rdnukltmrs.

>. ^fd` edhdrlk l`h stltd rdnukltmrs chd`tcecdh tfd purpmrtdh vmku`tlry rdilkk

ls wflt ct wls, l sfla ecx, l`h tfrdltd`dh tm wctffmkh Idrtceciltds me Imèmracty emr lkk

euturd U^ hcdsdk lutmambckds, m`ky tfd` hch Umkgswlnd` Nrmup me Ladrcil ec`lkky

lhact tflt, scìd tfd 2::3 amhdk ydlr, ct flh bdd` d`nc`ddrc`n cts vdfcikds tm bd lbkd tm

chd`tcey l`h icriuavd`t edhdrlkky al`hltdh dacsscm`s tdstc`n. Xfcs erma tfd slad

Imapl`y tflt m` Olùlry <2, 2::6 ’ caadhcltdky prcmr tm tfd c`trmhuitcm` me cts 2.:K

XHC ikdl` hcdsdk d`nc`d ’ cssudh tfd ‛Umkgswlnd` Nrmup D`vcrmàd`tlk Zrcìcpkds

Zrmhuits‑ c` wfcif tfd Iflcral` me tfd Bmlrh hdec`dh tfd imrpmrltd mboditcvd me

‛ikcaltd prmtditcm`‑ l`h ‛rdhuiWtcm` meQ nrdd`fmusd nls dacsscm`s.‑ Hded`hl`ts flvd

g`mwkc`nky acskdh tfd T.Y. im`suadr alrgdt emr ydlrs. Xfd Luhc brl`h–s skmnl`, m`d

me tfd brl`hs smkh u`hdr Hded`hl`ts uabrdkkl mrnl`czltcm`, scìd 2::> fls bdd`?




5

6. Ls tfd emkkmwc`n wckk sdt emrtf, Hded`hl`ts pdrpdtrltdh tfcs erluh m` T.Y.

im`suadrs, m` edhdrlk l`h stltd rdnukltmrs, l`h m` tfd alrgdtpklid, but amst tm tfd

pmc`t me tfcs kctcnltcm`, m` Zklc`tcee Zlrsm`s l`h m` tfd Iklss Adabdrs fd sddgs tm

rdprdsd`t, dlif me wfma fls puriflsdh mr kdlsdh l U^ mr Luhc vdfcikd dqucppdh wctf

l 2.:K XHC Ikdl` Hcdsdk d`nc`d. Xfrmunf tfcs litcm`, Zklc`tcee sddgs tm fmkh

Hded`hl`ts liimu`tlbkd.

OTRCYHCIXCM@ L@H UD@TD

3.

Xfcs Imurt fls hcvdrscty ourcshcitcm` mvdr tfcs litcm` u`hdr 26 T.Y.I. §

<992(l) l`h (h) bdilusd tfd lamu`t c` im`trmvdrsy emr tfd Iklss dxiddhs $4,:::,:::

l`h Zklc`tcee l`h mtfdr putltcvd iklss adabdrs lrd ictczd`s me l hceedrd`t stltd tfl`

Hded`hl`ts.

<:. Xfcs Imurt fls pdrsm`lk ourcshcitcm` mvdr Zklc`tcee Zlrsm`s bdilusd fd

rdschds c` Hlkkls, Xdxls, l`h subacts tm tfd Imurt–s ourcshcitcm`. Xfcs Imurt fls

pdrsm`lk ourcshcitcm` mvdr Hded`hl t̀s bdilusd Hded`hl`ts flvd im`huitdh l`h

im`tcùd tm im`huit substl`tclk busc`dss c` tfd Hcstrcit7 l`h bdilusd Hded`hl`ts flvd

imaacttdh tfd lits l`h macsscm`s imapklc`dh me fdrdc` c` tfd Hcstrcit, cìkuhc`n tfd

alrgdtc`n l`h slkd me l 2:<8 Umkgswlnd` Odttl XHC vdfcikd tm Zklc`tcee Zlrsm`s c` tfd

Hcstrcit.

<<. Udùd ls tm Hded`hl`ts cs prmpdr c` tfcs ouhciclk hcstrcit u`hdr 26 T.Y.I §

<93< bdilusd Hded`hl`ts sdkk l substl`tclk lamu`t me lutmambckds c` tfcs Hcstrcit, flvd




>

hdlkdrsfcps c` tfcs Hcstrcit, lhvdrtcsd c` tfcs Hcstrcit, g`mwc`nky l`h purpmsdky

c`trmhuidh tfdcr erluhukd`t stltdad`ts tm im`suadrs wfm lrd ictczd`s c` tfcs Hcstrcit

l`h al`y me Hded`hl`ts– lits imapklc`dh me fdrdc` miiurrdh wctfc` tfcs Hcstrcit,

cìkuhc`n tfd alrgdtc`n me l tfd Umkgswlnd` Odttl XHC.

ZLRXCDY

Zklc`tcee

<2. Zklc`tcee Zlrsm`s cs l ictczd` me tfd Ytltd me Xdxls wfm rdschds c` Hlkkls,

Xdxls.

<9. Zklc`tcee Zlrsm`s puriflsdh l 2:<8 Umkgswlnd` Odttl XHC vdfcikd m` mr

lbmut Mitmbdr <<, 2:<8 erma Lutm`ltcm` Umkgswlnd` Zlrg Ictcds c` Hlkkls, Xdxls.

Hded`hl`ts

<8. Hded`hl`ts lrd lutmambckd hdscn`, alùeliturc`n, hcstrcbutcm`, l`h/mr

sdrvcid imrpmrltcm`s hmc`n busc`dss wctfc` tfd T`ctdh Ytltds. Eurtfdramrd, Hded`hl`ts

hdscn`, hdvdkmp, alùeliturd, hcstrcbutd, alrgdt, sdkk, kdlsd, wlrrl`t, sdrvcid, lhvdrtcsd

l`h rdplcr plssd`ndr vdfcikds, cìkuhc`n tfd Iklss Udfcikds.

<4. Hded`hl`t Umkgswlnd` Lgtcd`ndsdkksiflet, hmc`n busc`dss ls Umkgswlnd`

Nrmup l`h/mr Umkgswlnd` LN (fdrdc`letdr, ‛U ̂LN‑), cs l imrpmrltcm` mrnl`czdh l`h

dxcstc`n u`hdr tfd klws me Ndral`y, wctf cts prcìcplk pklid me busc`dss kmiltdh c`

^mkesburn, Ndral`y. U^ LN cs tfd plrd`t imrpmrltcm` me Umkgswlnd` Nrmup me

Ladrcil, Cì.

Ilsd 9?<4-iv-:9<92-@ Hmiuad`t < Eckdh :3/26/<4 Zlnd > me 42 ZlndCH >



6

<5. Blsdh m` cèmraltcm` l`h bdkcde, Hded`hl`t Umkgswlnd` Nrmup me

Ladrcil, Cì., cs l imrpmrltcm` wfcif cs cìmrpmrltdh c` tfd stltd me @dw Odrsdy, wctf

cts prcìcplk pklid me busc`dss kmiltdh lt 22:: Edrhc`l`h Zmrsifd Hrcvd, Fdr`hm`,

Ucrnc`cl.

<>. Hded`hl`t Umkgswlnd` Nrmup me Ladrcil, Cì., mw`s l`h mpdrltds tfd

Xdst Id`tdr Ilkcemr`cl (‛XII‑), kmiltdh c` Mx`lrh, Ilkcemr`cl. Liimrhc`n tm

Hded`hl`t Umkgswlnd` Nrmup me Ladrcil–s 2:<9 Imrpmrltd Ymiclk Rdspm`scbckcty

Rdpmrt? ‛Ls tfd klrndst tdif`cilk id`tdr me cts gc`h emr tfd Umkgswlnd` Nrmup mutschd

me Ndral`y, tfd XII pklys l pcvmtlk rmkd c` tfd prmhuit hdvdkmpad`t emmh iflc`,

litc`n ls tfd ec`lk stmp emr al`y prmhuits bdemrd tfdy lrd lpprmvdh emr prmhuitcm`.

^mrg lt tfd XII cs emiusdh m` pmwdrtrlc` prmhuit hdvdkmpad`t, nmvdràd`tlk

imapkclìd l`h ecdkh qulkcty tdstc`n. Xfd XII fls amrd tfl` 4: d`nc`ddrs l`h

tdif`mkmny dxpdrts wmrgc`n c` l 54,4::-squlrd-emmt KDDH-idrtcecdh elickcty.‑ Blsdh

m` tfcs, Zklc`tcees bdkcdvd tflt al`y me Hded`hl`ts– lits imapklc`dh me fdrdc` miiurrdh

wctfc` tfcs Hcstrcit.

<6. Blsdh m` cèmraltcm` l`h bdkcde, Hded`hl`t Umkgswlnd` me Ladrcil,

Cì., cs l imrpmrltcm` wfcif cs cìmrpmrltdh c` tfd stltd me @dw Odrsdy, wctf cts prcìcplk

pklid me busc`dss kmiltdh lt 22:: Edrhc̀ l`h Zmrsifd Hrcvd, Fdr`hm`, Ucrnc`cl, l`h cs

l` mpdrltc`n u`ct me Umkgswlnd` Nrmup me Ladrcil, Cì.

ELIXTLK LKKDNLXCM@Y




3

Xfd DZL l`h ILRB Capkdad`tltcm` me Fcnfdr Dacsscm`s Ytl`hlrhs c` 2::3

<3. C` tfd T`ctdh Ytltds, dacsscm`s stl`hlrh lrd al`lndh m` l `ltcm`lk kdvdk

by tfd D`vcrmàd`tlk Zrmtditcm` Lndìy (‛DZL‑), wfckd stltd l`h kmilk nmvdràd`ts

aly lppky emr wlcvdrs tm d`lit strcitdr rdnukltcm`.

2:. Xwm tcdrs me dacsscm`s stl`hlrhs wdrd hdec`dh by tfd Ikdl` Lcr Lit

Lad`had`ts me <33:. Xfd Xcdr C stl`hlrh wls lhmptdh c` <33< l`h pflsdh c` erma

<338 tm <33>. Xfd Xcdr CC stl`hlrhs wdrd pflsdh c` erma 2::8 tm 2::3. ^ctfc` tfd

Xcdr CC stl`hlrh, tfdrd lrd subnrmups hdscn`ltdh Bc`s <-<<, wctf Bc` < bdc`n tfd

ikdl`dst (c.d. zdrm dacsscm` vdfcikds) l`h Bc` << bdc`n tfd hcrtcdst. Bc` 4 sdts emrtf tfd

stl`hlrhs tflt lppky tm lutmambckds l`h kcnft truigs.

2<. Xfd Xcdr CC, Bc` 4 stl`hlrhs spdicecilkky rdstrcit dacsscm`s me ilrbm`

am`mxchd (‛IM‑), `ctrmnd` mxchds (@Mx), plrtciukltd alttdr (ZA), emralkhdfyhd

(FIFM), l`h `m`-adtfl`d mrnl`ci nlsds (@AMN) mr `m`-adtfl`d fyhrmilrbm`s

(@AFI). Xfd dacsscm`s kcacts lrd hdec`dh c` tfd u`ct nrlas pdr ackd (n/ac).

22. Amrdmvdr tfd DZL fls hdvdkmpdh im`suadr rltc`ns c` tfd emra me l` ‛lcr

pmkkutcm` simrd‑ rdekditc`n tfd lamu`t me fdlktf-hlalnc`n l`h samn-emrac`n lcrbmr`d

pmkkutl`ts tfd vdfcikd dacts erma zdrm (amst/wmrst) tm <: (kdlst/bdst), l`h l

‛nrdd`fmusd nls simrd‑ rdekditc`n tfd lamu`t me nrdd`fmusd nlsds l vdfcikd wckk

prmhuid mvdr cts kcedtcad, blsdh m` typcilk im`suadr uslnd, erma zdrm (amst/wmrst) tm

td` (kdlst/bdst).




<:

29. M`d me tfd elitmrs im`schdrdh c` hdtdrac`c`n tfd lcr pmkkutcm` simrd cs tfd

lamu`t me `ctrmnd` mxchds dacttdh erma tfd vdfcikd.

28. M`d me tfd elitmrs im`schdrdh c` hdtdrac`c`n tfd nrdd`fmusd nls simrd cs

tfd lamu`t me `ctrmus mxchd (@2M) dacsscm`s erma tfd vdfcikd.

24. Ilkcemr`cl fls bdd` nrl`tdh l wlcvdr erma tfd DZL dacsscm`s stl`hlrhs

l`h tfd Ilkcemr`cl Lcr Rdsmurids Bmlrh (‛ILRB‑) fls lhmptdh strcitdr dacsscm`s

stl`hlrhs tfrmunf Ilkcemr`cl–s Kmw Dacsscm`s Udfcikd (‛KDU‑) prmnrla, hdec`c`n scx

lutmamtcvd dacsscm` stl`hlrhs wfcif lrd strcitdr tfl` tfd DZL–s Xcdr rdnukltcm`s. L

ùabdr me stltds flvd lhmptdh Ilkcemr`cl–s strcitdr dacsscm`s stl`hlrhs, cìkuhc`n?

Lrczm`l, Im``ditciut, Alc`d, Alrykl`h, Alsslifusdtts, @dw Odrsdy, @dw Adxcim,

@dw Smrg, Mrdnm`, Zd``sykvl`cl, Rfmhd Cskl`h, Udram`t, l`h ^lsfc`ntm`, ls wdkk ls

tfd Hcstrcit me Imkuabcl (imkkditcvdky, tfd ‛ILRB stltds‑).

25. T`hdr tfd Ikdl` Lcr Lit, tfd DZL lhac`cstdrs l idrtceciltcm` prmnrla tm

d`surd tflt dvdry vdfcikd c`trmhuidh c`tm T`ctdh Ytltds imaadrid sltcsecds tfd

lppkcilbkd dacsscm` stl`hlrhs. T`hdr tfcs prmnrla, tfd DZL cssuds idrtceciltds me

imèmracty (‛IMI‑) lpprmvc`n tfd c`trmhuitcm` me vdfcikds c`tm T`ctdh Ytltds

imaadrid.

2>. Xm mbtlc` l IMI, vdfcikd alùeliturdrs aust subact l IMI lppkciltcm`

tm tfd DZL emr dlif tdst nrmup me vdfcikds tflt ct c`td`hs tm d`tdr c`tm T`ctdh Ytltds

imaadrid. Xfd IMI lppkciltcm` aust cìkuhd, lam`n mtfdr tfc`ns, l kcst me lkk

Ilsd 9?<4-iv-:9<92-@ Hmiuad`t < Eckdh :3/26/<4 Zlnd <: me 42 ZlndCH <:



<<

luxckclry dacsscm` im`trmk hdvcids (‛LDIHs‑) c`stlkkdh m` tfd vdfcikd. 8: I.E.R. §

65.<688-:<(h)(<<). L` LDIH cs ‛l`y dkdad`t me hdscn` wfcif sd`sds tdapdrlturd,

vdfcikd spddh, d`nc`d RZA, trl`sacsscm` ndlr, al`cemkh vliuua, mr l`y mtfdr

plrladtdr emr tfd purpmsd me litcvltc`n, amhukltc`n, hdklyc`n, mr hdlitcvltc`n tfd

mpdrltcm` me l`y plrt me tfd dacsscm` im`trmk systda.‑ 8: I.E.R. § 65.<6:9-:<. Ce l`

LDIH cs cìkuhdh c` l`y vdfcikd, tfd IMI lppkciltcm` aust lksm cìkuhd ‛l

oustceciltcm` emr dlif LDIH, tfd plrladtdrs tfdy sd`sd l`h im`trmk, l hdtlckdh

oustceciltcm` me dlif LDIH tflt rdsukts c` l rdhuitcm` c` deeditcvd`dss me tfd dacsscm`

im`trmk systda, l`h WlQ rltcm`lkd emr wfy ct cs 2< `mt l hdedlt hdvcid.‑ 8: I.E.R. §

65.<688-:<(h)(<<).

26. L hdedlt hdvcid cs l` LDIH ‛tflt rdhuids tfd deeditcvd`dss me tfd

dacsscm` im`trmk systda u`hdr im`hctcm`s wfcif aly rdlsm`lbky bd dxpditdh tm bd

dìmu`tdrdh c` `mralk vdfcikd mpdrltcm` l`h usd, u`kdss? <) Yuif im`hctcm`s lrd

substl`tclkky cìkuhdh c` tfd Edhdrlk dacsscm` tdst prmidhurd7 2) Xfd `ddh emr tfd

LDIH cs oustcecdh c` tdras me prmtditc`n tfd vdfcikd lnlc`st hlalnd mr liichd`t7 l`h 9)

Xfd LDIH hmds `mt nm bdym`h tfd rdqucrdad`ts me d`nc`d stlrtc`n7 mr 8) Xfd LDIH

lppkcds m`ky emr dadrndìy 26 vdfcikds . . . .‑ 8: I.E.R. § 65.<6:9-:<.

23. Amtmr vdfcikds dqucppdh wctf hdedlt hdvcids il``mt bd idrtcecdh tm bd c`

imapkclìd wctf DZL rdnukltcm`s. DZL, Lhvcsmry Icriuklr @uabdr 28? Zrmfcbctcm` m`

Ilsd 9?<4-iv-:9<92-@ Hmiuad`t < Eckdh :3/26/<4 Zlnd << me 42 ZlndCH <<



<2

usd me Dacsscm` Im`trmk Hdedlt Hdvcid (Hdi. <<, <3>2)7 sdd lksm 8: I.E.R. §§

65.<6:3-:<, 65-<6:3-<:, 65-<6:3-<2.

9:. Ec`lkky, ‛WvQdfcikds lrd imvdrdh by l idrtceciltd me imèmracty m`ky ce tfdy

lrd c` lkk altdrclk rdspdits ls hdsircbdh c` tfd alùeliturdr–s lppkciltcm` emr

idrtceciltcm`.‑ 8: I.E.R. § 65-<686-<:(i)(5).

Hded`hl`ts– Hdvdkmpad`t me tfd XHC Ikdl` Hcdsdk Xdif`mkmny

9<. Ct wls lnlc`st tfd blighrmp me tfd pflsd-c` me tfd DZL–s Xcdr CC, Bc` 4

stl`hlrhs l`h ILRB–s KDU prmnrla tflt c` mr lbmut 2::6, Hded`hl`ts c`trmhuidh tfd

2.:K XHC IR D`nc`d, wfcif tfdy hdsircbdh ls ‛tfd ecrst me l `dw nd`drltcm` me

hy`laci l`h deecicd`t hcdsdk d`nc`ds erma Umkg swlnd`.‑ ‛XHC‑ stl`hs emr

‛Xurbmiflrndh Hcrdit Còditdh,‑ rdedrrc`n tm tfd elit tflt tfdsd d`nc`ds lrd

turbmiflrndh l`h usd eudk còditmrs tm hcrditky còdit eudk c`tm dlif iykc`hdr. Eudk

còditmrs ltmaczd eudk tfrmunf l salkk `mzzkd u`hdr fcnf prdssurd. ‛IR‑ stl`hs emr tfd

tdra ‛Imaam` Rlck,‑ rdedrrc`n tm tfd sflrdh eudk fcnf-prdssurd liiuaukltmr emr lkk

còditmrs c` l iykc`hdr bl`g.

92. Liimrhc`n tm Hded`hl`ts, ‛WtQfd supdrcmr qulkctcds me tfd 2.: Kctdr XHC

d`nc`d wctf imaam` rlck còditcm` systdas lrd mrcd`tdh tmwlrhs euturd iflkkd`nds c`

limustcis, imaemrt, l`h dxflust nls letdr-trdltad`t . . . imècrac`n Umkgswlnd`–s rmkd

ls l pcm`ddr c` hcdsdk tdif`mkmny.‑

Ilsd 9?<4-iv-:9<92-@ Hmiuad`t < Eckdh :3/26/<4 Zlnd <2 me 42 ZlndCH <2



<9

99. Hded`hl`ts eurtfdr tmutdh tflt ‛WtQfd d`nc`d meedrs tfd pmtd`tclk emr euturd

caprmvdad`ts c` dxflust nls stl`hlrhs l`h tfd lssmicltdh tdif`mkmncds‑ l`h tflt

‛dqucppdh wctf l spdiclk letdr -trdltad`t systda, tfcs d`nc`d addts iurrd`t dacsscm`s

stl`hlrhs.‑ Xfcs spdiclk letdr -trdltad`t systda im`scstdh me imapm`d`ts cìkuhc`n l

hcdsdk plrtciukltd ecktdr wctf upstrdla mxchltcm` iltlkyst l`h kmw l`h fcnf prdssurd

Dxflust Nls Rdicriukltcm` (‛DNR‑) systda tm rdhuid `ctrmus mxchd dacsscm`s.

98. Liimrhc`n tm Hded`hl`ts, ‛WtQfd amst deeditcvd adlsurd tm rdhuid `ctrmus

mxchds (@Mx) wctf l` c`tdr`lk imabustcm` d`nc`d cs by c`trmhuic`n vdry fcnf dxflust

nls rdicriukltcm` rltds c`tm tfd imabustcm` iflabdr.‑

94. Hded`hl`ts iklcadh tflt c` mrhdr tm addt Bc` 4 dacsscm` stl`hlrhs, ‛tfd

d`tcrd mpdrltc`n iflrlitdrcstcis me tfd d`nc`d up tm eukk-kmlh rdqucrdh DNR mpdrltcm`.‑

95. Hded`hl`ts iklcadh tflt tfd ‛sfmrt pltf me tfd Fcnf-Zrdssurd DNR cs

usdh c` mrhdr tm rdlif tfd hdscrdh DNR rltd wfckd hrcvc`n lt kmwdr d`nc`d spddhs l`h

kmlhs,‑ but tflt ‛WwQctf rcsc`n d`nc`d kmlh l`h d`nc`d RZA, tfd rdicriukltcm` me

dxflust nlsds cs sfcetdh tm tfd Kmw Zrdssurd DNR systda tm cìrdlsd tfd rdicriukltcm`

rltd . . . c` mrhdr tm mbtlc` mptcalk @Mx rdhuitcm` lt achhkd l`h fcnf d`nc`d kmlhs.‑




<8

9>.

Xfd dxflust systda me tfd 2.:K XHC IR d`nc`d im`scsts me tfd emkkmwc`n

alc` imapm`d`ts? <) mxchltcm` iltlkytci im`vdrtdr7 2) plrtciukltd ecktdr7 9) `ctrmnd`

mxchd ecktdr7 l`h 8) F2Y iltlkytci im`vdrtdr.




<4

96. Xfd mxchltcm` iltlkyst cs hdscn`dh tm im`vdrt l klrnd pmrtcm` me tfd

fyhrmilrbm`s l`h ilrbm` am`mxchd prmhuidh c` tfd imabustcm` prmidss c`tm wltdr

vlpmr l`h ilrbm` hcmxchd.

93. Xfd hcdsdk plrtciukltd ecktdr im`scsts me l fm`dyimab-sflpdh idrlaci

bmhy alhd me lkuacùa tctl`chd. Ls tfd smmt-im`tlc`c`n dxflust nls ekmws tfrmunf

tfd pmrmus ecktdr wlkks me tfd c`kdt ifl``dks, tfd smmt plrtcikds lrd ilpturdh c` tfd c`kdt

ifl``dks l`h tfd` kltdr bur`dh mee (mxchczdh) hurc`n rdnd`drltcm` iyikds.

8:.

Liimrhc`n tm Hded`hl`ts, l @Mx stmrlnd iltlkyst cs usdh tm suppkdad`t

tfd plrtciukltd ecktdr systda c` mrhdr tm addt tfd Xcdr CC, Bc` 4 dacsscm`s rdqucrdad`ts.

8<. Lt tfd tcad me cts c`trmhuitcm`, tfd 2.:K XHC Ikdl` Hcdsdk utckczdh l

Kdl`- @Mx Xrlp tdif`mkmny (fdrdc`letdr rdedrrdh tm ls ‛Nd` <‑). Hded`hl`ts kltdr

rdpklidh tfd Nd` < systda wctf l Ydkditcvd Iltlkytci Rdhuitcm` (‛YIR‑) tdif`mkmny

(fdrdc`letdr rdedrrdh tm ls ‛Nd` 2‑).

82. C` Lunust 2:<9, Hded`hl`ts l``muìdh tfd c`trmhuitcm` me tfd DL266

d`nc`d tflt wmukh dvd`tulkky rdpklid tfd 2.:K XHC Ikdl` Hcdsdk. Hded`hl`ts iklcadh

tflt l ‛ùabdr me ifl`nds flvd bdd` alhd tm fdkp rdhuid dacsscm`s, suif ls? usd me l

imapkdx dxflust nls rdicriukltcm` systda (wctf fcnf prdssurd DNR l`h l immkdh kmw-

prdssurd DNR)7 c`tdnrltcm` me tfd wltdr-immkdh c`tdrimmkdr l`h tfd DNR vlkvd wctf tfd

c`tlgd al`cemkh, wfcif lksm caprmvds tfrmttkd rdspm`sd7 l`h pliglnc`n tfd dxflust




<5

letdr-trdltad`t imapm`d`ts ikmsd tm tfd d`nc`d by imabc`c`n tfd HZE wctf tfd YIR

Iltlkyst‑ (fdrdc`letdr rdedrrdh tm ls ‛Nd` 9‑).

Hded`hl`ts– Alrgdtc`n me tfd XHC Ikdl` Hcdsdk Xdif`mkmny

89. Bdnc``c`n wctf tfd 2::3 amhdk ydlr, Hded`hl`ts bdnl` l` lnnrdsscvd

alrgdtc`n strltdny tm cìrdlsd cts alrgdt sflrd me hcdsdk pmwdrdh vdfcikds c` tfd

T`ctdh Ytltds by tmutc`n cts ‛ikdl` hcdsdk‑ kc`d me vdfcikds.

88. C` l` Mitmbdr 2::3 c`tdrvcdw wctf Busc`dss C`schdr, wfd` lsgdh ‛WwQflt

cs tfd lhvl`tlnd me l hcdsdk mvdr l fybrch,‑ U^ me Ladrcil–s ifcde mpdrltc`n meecidr,

Alrg Blr`ds, stltdh?

Ct–s lksm nmmh emr tfd d`vcrmàd`t bdilusd ct puts mut 24% kdss

nrdd`fmusd nls dacsscm`s tfl` wflt l nlsmkc`d d`nc`d wmukh. L`h

tfl`gs tm tfd u`cqud`dss me tfd XHC amtmr, ct iuts mut tfd plrtciukltd

dacsscm`s by 3:% l`h tfd dacsscm`s me `ctrmus mxchd lrd iut by 34%.

Ym, l vdry vdry ikdl` ru``c`n d`nc`d. Ikdl` d`munf tm bd idrtcecdh c`

lkk 4: stltds.

Nlyltfrc Ulchyl`ltfl`, ‛Umkgswlnd` Zrdps emr l Hcdsdk Rdvmkutcm`,‑ Xfd Busc`dss

C`schdr, Mit. 2::3 (dapflscs lhhdh).

84. C` tflt slad c`tdrvcdw, wfd` lsgdh ‛fmw hm ymu rd-brl`h smadtfc`n

tflt–s hcrty kcgd hcdsdk ls smadtfc`n tflt–s nrdd`,‑ Blr`ds stltdh?

Xfd wly wd–vd nm`d lbmut ct cs tfrmunf l ùabdr me imaau`ciltcm` pcdids. M`d me tfda wd–vd usdh cs XHC Xrutf & Hlrd. Ct cs l vdry nmmh

wdbsctd tflt imaplrds smad mkhdr hcdsdks vdrsus tfd iurrd`t XHC ikdl`hcdsdk. L`h m`d me tfd tfc`ns wd hm cs wd put imeedd ecktdrs mvdr tfddxflust pcpds me bmtf ilrs. ^d kdt tfda ru` emr ecvd acùtds l`h letdrtfdy lrd hm`d, wd tlgd tfda mee l`h tfd mkhdr hcdsdk prmhuit (`mt l U^hcdsdk) fls l rmu`h smmty spmt m` tflt imeedd ecktdr. Murs cs vdry ikdl`. C`




<>

elit tfdy litulkky algd imeedd mut me tfd ecktdr tflt wls lttlifdh tm tfdUmkgswlnd` ikdl` hcdsdk tlck pcpd l`h tfdy hrc`g ct.

Ch .

85.

C` l` dxtrdadky deeditcvd deemrt tm bmmst slkds me cts kc`d me hcdsdk

vdfcikds, Hded`hl`ts capkdad`tdh lnnrdsscvd `ltcm`lk alrgdtc`n ilaplcn`s tm rlcsd

im`suadr lwlrd`dss me wflt ct purpmrtdh tm bd cts ‛XHC Ikdl` Hcdsdk Xdif`mkmny.‑

M`d dxlapkd me suif alrgdtc`n deemrts wls tfd emkkmwc`n prc`t lhvdrtcsdad`t?

8>. C` l`mtfdr wchdky sdd` vchdm lhvdrtcsdad`t lcrdh by Hded`hl`ts, tfrdd

dkhdrky klhcds lrnud lbmut wfdtfdr hcdsdk cs hcrty.

Ilsd 9?<4-iv-:9<92-@ Hmiuad`t < Eckdh :3/26/<4 Zlnd <> me 42 ZlndCH <>



<6

86.

Letdr smad bcigdrc`n, m`d me tfd wmad` puts fdr wfctd silre up lnlc`st

tfd dxflust pcpd l`h tfd` fmkhs ct up tm elid, prmvc`n tflt hcdsdk cs ikdl`.




<3

83. Hded`hl`ts– lksm dapflsczdh tfd eudk deecicdìy me tfd XHC Ikdl` Hcdsdk

lkm`n wctf cts ikdl`kc`dss. Emr dxlapkd, c` l alrgdtc`n brmifurd emr tfd 2:<9 U^

Odttl XHC Ikdl` Hcdsdk, Hded`hl`ts `mt m`ky iklcadh tflt tfd ilr flh l nrdltdr rl`nd

m` l sc`nkd tl`g me nls tfl` hch tfd Xmymtl Zrcus, Alzhl 9, Fm`hl Icvci FE, Emrh




2:

Emius YD, l`h Xmymtl Imrmkkl Y, but tfdy lksm iklcadh tflt c t wls ‛3:% ikdl`dr tfl`

prdvcmus hcdsdk d`nc`ds.‑

Ilsd 9?<4-iv-:9<92-@ Hmiuad`t < Eckdh :3/26/<4 Zlnd 2: me 42 ZlndCH 2:



2<

4:. Hded`hl`ts– lksm alrgdtdh tfd XHC Ikdl` Hcdsdk ls ‛typcilkky flvWc`nQ l

fcnfdr rdslkd vlkud vdrsus imaplrlbkd nlsmkc`d vdfcikds,‑ ls ct hch c` tfcs 2:<4 Luhc

slkds brmifurd?

4<. Hded`hl`ts– Ikdl` Hcdsdk alr gdtc`n ilaplcn` wls, by lkk liimu`ts

spditliuklrky suiidsseuk. Hded`hl`ts– slkds me XHC Ikdl` Hcdsdk vdfcikds rmsd erma

Ilsd 9?<4-iv-:9<92-@ Hmiuad`t < Eckdh :3/26/<4 Zlnd 2< me 42 ZlndCH 2<



22

oust <2,::: u`cts c` @mrtf Ladrcil c` 2::6, tm amrd tfl` <::,::: u`cts c` 2:<9,

im`stctutc`n l >6% sflrd me tfd @mrtf Ladrcil` hcdsdk lutmambckd alrgdt, sdkkc`n

amrd hcdsdk ilrs c` tfd T`ctdh Ytltds tfl` dvdry mtfdr brl`h imabc`dh.

42. Xfd m`ky prmbkda cs tflt ct wls lkk blsdh upm` l strc`n me kcds tflt stlrtdh

tm u`rlvdk c` 2:<8.

Xfd C`tdr`ltcm`lk Imuìck emr Ikdl` Xrl`spmrtltcm /̀

T`cvdrscty me ̂ dst Ucrnc`cl Ytuhy

49. C` dlrky 2:<8, tfd Id`tdr emr Lktdr`ltcvd Eudks, D`nc`ds l`h Dacsscm`s

(‛ILEDD‑) lt ^dst Ucrnc`cl T`cvdrscty (‛ÛT‑) wls im`trlitdh by tfd C`tdr`ltcm`lk

Imuìck m` Ikdl` Xrl`spmrtltcm` tm im`huit c`-usd tdstc`n me tfrdd kcnft-huty hcdsdk

vdfcikds, usc`n l pmrtlbkd dacsscm`s adlsurdad`t systdas (‛ZDAY‑) mvdr tdst rmutds

c` tfd stltd me Ilkcemr`cl. Xfdsd vdfcikds flh lkk bdd` idrtcecdh ls imapkcl`t wctf DZL

Xcdr 2-Bc` 4 l`h ILRB KDU-CC TKDU dacsscm` stl`hlrhs. C` lhhctcm`, twm me tfd




29

tfrdd vdfcikds wdrd lksm sdkditdh emr iflsscs hy`lamadtdr tdstc`n lt ILRB–s Dk

Am`td, Elickcty. Nlsdmus dacsscm`s me `ctrmnd` mxchds, ilrbm` am`mxchd, XFI, l`h

ilrbm` hcmxchd wdrd adlsurdh usc`n tfd ZDAY.

48. Xwm me tfd tdst vdfcikds wdrd l 2:<2 Umkgswlnd` Odttl l`h l 2:<9

Umkgswlnd` Zlsslt dqucppdh wctf l 2.:K XHC Ikdl` Hcdsdk d`nc`d, m`d wctf l Kdl`-

@Mx trlp systda l`h tfd mtfdr wctf l urdl-blsdh Ydkditcvd Iltlkytci Rdhuitcm`

(‛YIR‑) systda.

44.

Blsdh m` tfdcr tdstc`n, tfd rdlk wmrkh @Mx dacsscm`s me tfd twm

Umkgswlnd` vdfcikds wdrd emu`h tm dxiddh tfd DZL Xcdr 2-Bc` 4 stl`hlrh by elitmrs

me <4 tm 94 l`h 4 tm 2:, rdspditcvdky. Fmwdvdr, tfd @Mx dacsscm`s emr tfdsd slad twm

vdfcikds wdrd bdkmw tfd DZL Xcdr 2-Bc` 4 stl`hlrh hurc`n tfd iflsscs hy`lamadtdr

tdstc`n.

Xfd DZL l`h ILRB C`vdstcnltcm`s

45. Xfd DZL l`h ILRB wdrd lkdrtdh tm tfd dacsscm`s prmbkdas wctf tfd

Umkgswlnd` tdst vdfcikd wfd` ÛT ILEDD pubkcsfdh tfd rdsukts me cts stuhy m`

Aly <4, 2:<8. Bmtf tfd DZL l`h ILRB tfd` mpd`dh c`vdstcnltcm`s l`h bdnc`

hcsiusscm`s wctf Hded`hl`t Umkgswlnd` Nrmup me Ladrcil tm hdtdrac`d tfd rdlsm`

emr tfd fcnf @Mx dacsscm`s adlsurdh u`hdr rdlk wmrkh hrcvc`n im`hctcm`s c` tfd ÛT

stuhy.




28

4>. Mvdr tfd imursd me tfd ydlr emkkmwc`n tfd pubkciltcm` me tfd ÛT stuhy,

Hded`hl`t U^ Nrmup me Ladrcil c`ctcltdh tdstc`n tm rdpkciltd tfd ÛT tdstc`n l`h

chd`tcey tfd tdif`cilk rdlsm`s emr tfd fcnf m`-rmlh dacsscm`s. Hurc`n tfcs tcad,

Hded`hl`t im`tcùdh tm lssdrt tm ILRB l`h tfd DZL tflt tfd cìrdlsdh dacsscm`s

erma tfdsd vdfcikds imukh bd lttrcbutdh tm vlrcmus tdif`cilk cssuds l`h u`dxpditdh c`-

usd im`hctcm`s.

46. C` Hdidabdr 2:<8, Hded`hl`t U^ Nrmup me Ladrcil sflrdh tfd rdsukts

me cts c`vdstcnltcm` wctf DZL l`h ILRB l`h l``muìdh tflt ct wmukh im`huit l

vmku`tlry smetwlrd rdilkk tm rdilkcbrltd bmtf tfd Kdl`-@Mx Xrlp l`h tfd YIR systdas.

U^ Nrmup me Ladrcil lssdrtdh tflt tfd rdilkk wmukh cìkuhd lpprmxcaltdky 4::,:::

vdfcikds (lpprmxcaltdky 4:,::: me wfcif wdrd c` Ilkcemr`cl) l`h wmukh ecx, lam`n

mtfdr tfc`ns, tfd rdlk wmrkh hrcvc`n dacsscm`s.

43.

Bmtf tfd DZL l`h ILRB lnrddh tflt U^ Nrmup me Ladrcil imukh

capkdad`t tfcs rdilkk, but ilutcm`dh tflt tfdy wmukh pdremra imècraltmry tdstc`n tm

d`surd tflt tfd rdilkk lhdqultdky lhhrdssdh tfd cssud.

5:. ILRB, c` immrhc`ltcm` wctf tfd DZL, bdnl` imècraltmry tdstc`n tm

hdtdrac`d tfd deeciliy me tfd rdilkk, cìkuhc`n bmtf c` tfd klbmrltmry m` rdqucrdh

idrtceciltcm` iyikds l`h mvdr-tfd-rmlh usc`n ZDAY. Xfd mvdr-tfd-rmlh tdstc`n rdvdlkdh

tfd rdilkk ilkcbrltcm` hch rdhuid dacsscm`s tm smad hdnrdd, but tflt @Mx dacsscm`s

wdrd stckk scn`cecil`tky fcnfdr tfl` dxpditdh.




24

5<. ILRB tfd` brmlhd`dh cts tdstc`n tm pc`pmc`t tfd dxlit tdif`cilk `lturd me

tfd tdst vdfcikds– pmmr pdremralìds, l`h tm c`vdstcnltd wfy tfd m`bmlrh hcln`mstci

systda wls `mt hdtditc`n tfd cìrdlsdh dacsscm`s. Xm hm tfcs, ILRB hdvdkmpdh l

spdiclk hy`lamadtdr iyikd im`scstc`n me hrcvc`n tfd pflsd 2 pmrtcm` me tfd EXZ

rdpdltdhky. Xfcs spdiclk iyikd rdvdlkdh tflt @Mx dacsscm`s wmukh rcsd tfrmunfmut tfd

iyikd, rdsuktc`n c` uìm`trmkkdh @Mx dacsscm`s.

52. ILRB sflrdh cts ec`hc`ns wctf tfd DZL l`h U^ Nrmup me Ladrcil m`

Ouky 6, 2:<4, l`h im`huitdh sdvdrlk tdif`cilk addtc`ns wctf U^ Nrmup me Ladrcil.

Xfd DZL l`h ILRB imìkuhdh tflt `m`d me tfd pmtd`tclk tdif`cilk cssuds sunndstdh

by U^ Nrmup me Ladrcil dxpklc`dh tfd fcnfdr tdst rdsukts im`scstd`tky imècradh

hurc`n ILRB–s tdstc`n.

U^ Nrmup me Ladrcil–s Ytu``c`n Lhacsscm ̀

59.

Ncvd` tfd rdsukts me ILRB–s pmst-rdilkk imècraltmry tdstc`n l`h

Hded`hl`t Umkgswlnd` Nrmup me Ladrcil–s c`lbckcty tm dxpklc` wfy ct–s XHC Ikdl`

Hcdsdk d`nc`ds wdrd dacttc`n `ctrmnd` mxchds c` dxidss me tfd DZL–s Xcdr 2 -Bc` 4 l`h

ILRB–s KDU-CC stl`hlrhs, tfd DZL l`h ILRB alhd ct ikdlr tflt tfdy wmukh `mt

lpprmvd idrtceciltds me imèmracty emr Hded`hl`ts– 2:<5 amhdk ydlr hcdsdk vdfcikds

u`tck U^ Nrmup me Ladrcil imukh lhdqultdky dxpklc` tfd l`malkmus dacsscm`s l`h

d`surd tfd lndìcds tflt tfd 2:<5 amhdk ydlr vdfcikd wmukh `mt flvd scacklr cssuds.




25

58. M`ky wfd` imèrm`tdh wctf tfd tfrdlt tflt Hded`hl`ts– 2:<5 amhdk ydlr

hcdsdk vdfcikds wmukh `mt bd cssudh idrtceciltds me imèmracty, hch U^ Nrmup me

Ladrcil lhact tm DZL l`h ILRB meeciclks tflt erma 2::3 tfrmunf 2:<4 ct flh

hdscn`dh, alùeliturdh, l`h c`stlkkdh l hdedlt hdvcid emr tfd purpmsd me byplssc`n,

hdedltc`n, mr rd`hdrc`n c`mpdrltcvd dkdad`ts me cts hcdsdk vdfcikds– dacsscm` im`trmk

systda.

54. Ypdicecilkky, tfcs hdedlt hdvcid wls l smetwlrd lknmrctfa c`stlkkdh c` tfd

d`nc`d im`trmk amhukd (DIA) tflt wls hdscn`dh tm sd`sd wfd` tfd vdfcikd wls bdc`n

tdstdh emr imapkclìd wctf DZL dacsscm`s stl`hlrhs, blsdh m` vlrcmus c`puts,

cìkuhc`n tfd pmsctcm` me tfd stddrc`n wfddk, vdfcikd spddh, tfd hurltcm` me tfd

d`nc`d–s mpdrltcm`, l`h blrmadtrci prdssurd. Xfdsd c`puts hcrditky trligdh tfd edhdrlk

tdst prmidhurd usdh emr dacsscm` tdstc`n emr DZL idrtceciltcm` purpmsds.

55.

^fd` tfd smetwlrd lknmrctfa hdtditdh tflt DZL dacsscm` tdstc`n wls

bdc`n im`huitdh, tfd DIA rl` smetwlrd wfcif prmhuidh imapkcl`t dacsscm` rdsukts

u`hdr l` DIA ilkcbrltcm` tflt Hded`hl`ts rdedr tm ls tfd ‛hy`m ilkcbrltcm`.‑ Xfd tdra

‛hy`m‑ rdedrs tm tfd dqucpad`t usdh c` DZL dacsscm`s tdstc`n ilkkdh l hy`lamadtdr.

Lt lkk mtfdr tcads hurc`n `mralk vdfcikd mpdrltcm`, tfd smetwlrd lknmrctfa l` DIA

ilkcbrltcm` tflt Hded`hl`ts rdedrrdh tm ls ‛rmlh ilkcbrltcm`‑ wfcif rdhuidh tfd

deeditcvd`dss me tfd dacsscm` im`trmk systda, spdicecilkky tfd Nd` <, Nd` 2, l`h Nd` 9

@Mx im`vdrtdr tdif`mkmncds. Ls l rdsukt, dacsscm`s me @Mx cìrdlsdh by l elitmr me <:




2>

tm 8: tcads lbmvd tfd DZL l`h ILRB imapkcl`t kdvdks, u`hdr rdlk-wmrkh mpdrltc`n

im`hctcm`s.

5>. Xfd Ikdl` Lcr lit algds ct ckkdnlk ‛emr l`y pdrsm` tm alùeliturd mr sdkk,

mr meedr tm sdkk, mr c`stlkk, l`y plrt mr imapm`d`t c`td`hdh emr usd wctf, mr ls plrt me,

l`y amtmr vdfcikd mr amtmr vdfcikd d`nc`d, wfdrd l prcìcplk deedit me tfd plrt mr

imapm`d`t cs tm byplss, hdedlt, mr rd`hdr c`mpdrltcvd l`y hdvcid mr dkdad`t me hdscn`

c`stlkkdh m` mr c` l amtmr vdfcikd mr amtmr vdfcikd d`nc`d c` imapkclìd wctf

rdnukltcm`s u`hdr tfcs subiflptdr.‑ 82 T.Y.I. § >422(L)(9)(B)7 8: I.E.R. § 65.<648-

<2(l)(9)(cc).

56. Blsdh m` cèmraltcm` l`h bdkcde, Zklc`tcee lkkdnds tflt Hded`hl`ts

g`mwc`nky l`h wckkeukky c`stlkkdh l hdedlt hdvcid c` tfd Iklss Udfcikds c` mrhdr tm bd

lbkd tm alrgdt l`h sdkk suif vdfcikds ls flvc`n nrdltdr eudk deecicdìy l`h/mr

pdremralìd tfl` wmukh bd pmsscbkd ce tfd Iklss Udfcikds imapkcdh wctf DZL l`h

ILRB stl`hlrhs.

53. Blsdh m` cèmraltcm` l`h bdkcde, Zklc`tcee lkkdnds tflt Hded`hl`ts

g`mwc`nky l`h wckkeukky smkh tfd Iklss Udfcikds g`mwc`n suif vdfcikds hch `mt

imapky wctf DZL l`h ILRB dacsscm`s rdnukltcm`s l`h tflt ce suif vdfcikds wdrd

hdscn`dh l`h alùeliturdh tm imapky wctf suif dacsscm`s rdnukltcm`s, tfdy wmukh

`mt flvd tfd eudk deecicdìy l`h pdremralìd iflrlitdrcstcis tflt Hded`hl`ts alrgdtdh

l`h rdprdsd`tdh tfda tm flvd.

Ilsd 9?<4-iv-:9<92-@ Hmiuad`t < Eckdh :3/26/<4 Zlnd 2> me 42 ZlndCH 2>



26

>:. Ls l rdsukt me tfdcr c`vdstcnltcm`s l`h U^ Nrmup me Ladrcil–s

lhacsscm`s, bmtf tfd DZL l`h ILRB cssudh @mtcids me Ucmkltcm` tm U^ Nrmup me

Ladrcil ec`hc`n tflt ct vcmkltdh ‛82 T.Y.I. § >422(l)(<), dlif tcad ct smkh, meedrdh emr

slkd, c`trmhuidh c`tm imaadrid, hdkcvdrdh emr c`trmhuitcm` c`tm imaadrid, mr

capmrtdh (mr ilusdh l`y me tfd emrdnmc`n wctf rdspdit tm) m`d me tfd fu`hrdhs me

tfmusl`hs me `dw amtmr vdfcikds wctfc` Wtfd hdscn`ltdhQ tdst nrmups.‑ Lhhctcm`lkky,

tfdy emu`h U^ Nrmup me Ladrcil tm flvd vcmkltdh 82 T.Y.I. § >422(l)(9)(B) dlif

tcad ct alùeliturdh l`h c`stlkkdh c`tm tfdsd vdfcikds l` DIA dqucppdh wctf l hdedlt

hdvcid.

><. Xfd @mtcids me Ucmkltcm` lppkcdh tm tfd emkkmwc`n vdfcikds dqucppdh wctf

tfd 2.:K XHC ikdl` hcdsdk d`nc`d (fdrdc`letdr rdedrrdh tm ls tfd ‛Iklss Udfcikds‑)?

Amhdk Sdlr Algd l`h Amhdk(s)

2::3 U^ Odttl, U^ Odttl Ypmrtwlnd`2:<: U^ Odttl, U^ Odttl Ypmrtwlnd`2:<< U^ Nmke, U^ Odttl, U^ Odttl Ypmrtwlnd`, Luhc L9

2:<2 U^ Bddtkd, U^ Bddtkd Im`vdrtcbkd, U^ Nmke, UÔdttl, U^ Odttl Ypmrtwlnd`, Luhc L9, U^ Zlsslt




Zklc`tcee–s Zuriflsd me l 2:<8 Umkgswlnd` Odttl XHC

>2. Zklc`tcee Zlrsm`s puriflsdh l usdh 2:<8 Umkgswlnd` Odttl XHC m` mr

lbmut Mitmbdr <<, 2:<8 erma Lutm`ltcm` Umkgswlnd` Zlrg Ictcds c` Hlkkls, Xdxls.




23

>9. Zklc`tcee im`huitdh rdsdlrif prcmr tm algc`n fdr hdicscm` tm puriflsd tfd

Odttl XHC. Zklc`tcee mbsdrvdh ùadrmus lhvdrtcsdad`ts, alrgdtc`n brmifurds l`h

wdbsctd plnds, ilr alnlzc`d lrtcikds, l`h hdlkdr stltdad`ts tmutc`n tfd XHC ikdl`

hcdsdk ls flvc`n nrdlt pdremralìd l`h eudk deecicdìy wctf tfd caprdsscvd vdfcikd

spdiceciltcm`s rdprdsd`tdh, wfckd lksm bdc`n m`d me tfd amst d`vcrmàd`tlkky ikdl`

vdfcikds lvlcklbkd c` tfd alrgdt. Xfdsd wdrd scn`cecil`t elitmrs c` Zklc`tcee algc`n fdr

hdicscm` tm puriflsd tfd Odttl XHC.

>8.

Lt `m tcad prcmr tm mr letdr Zklc`tcee–s puriflsd me tfd 2:<8 Umkgswlnd`

Odttl XHC hch Hded`hl`ts cèmra Zklc`tcee tflt fdr vdfcikd flh bdd` hdscn`dh l`h

alùeliturdh wctf l hdedlt hdvcid tflt ilusdh tfd vdfcikd tm dact up tm 8: tcads tfd

qul`tcty me `ctrmnd` mxchds lkkmwdh by edhdrlk ikdl` lcr stl`hlrhs wfd` mpdrltdh

u`hdr ̀ mralk hrcvc`n im`hctcm`s.

>4.

Lt `m tcad prcmr tm mr letdr Zklc`tcee–s kdlsd me tfd 2:<8 Umkgswlnd` Odttl

XHC hch Hded`hl`ts cèmra Zklc`tcee tflt fdr vdfcikd wmukh `mt pmssdss pdremralìd

l`h/mr eudk deecicdìy iflrlitdrcstcis ct wls rdprdsd`tdh tm flvd ce ct wdrd tm imapky

wctf edhdrlk ikdl` lcr stl`hlrhs.

>5. Ce fd flh bdd` cèmradh tflt tfd 2:<8 Umkgswlnd` Odttl XHC ikdl` hcdsdk

wls dqucppdh wctf l hdedlt hdvcid tflt ilusdh ct tm dact up tm 8: tcads tfd lamu`t me

`ctrmnd` mxchds pdracttdh by tfd edhdrlk ikdl` lcr stl`hlrhs, fd wmukh `mt flvd

puriflsdh tfcs vdfcikd mr wmukh `mt flvd plch tfd lamu`t fd hch emr ct.




9:

Hded`hl`ts– Dxprdss ̂ lrrl`tcds

>>. C` im``ditcm` wctf tfd slkd (by puriflsd mr kdlsd) me dlif m`d me cts `dw

vdfcikds, Hded`hl`ts prmvchd l` dxprdss @dw Udfcikd Kcactdh ^lrrl`ty, (‛@UK^‑),

m` dlif vdfcikd emr l pdrcmh me 9 ydlrs mr 95,::: ackds, wfcifdvdr miiurs ecrst. Xfd

@UK^ ‛imvdrs l`y rdplcr tm imrrdit l alùeliturc̀ n hdedit c` altdrclks mr

wmrgal`sfcp.‑

>6. C` lhhctcm`, Hded`hl`ts dxprdssky wlrrl`tdh cts vdfcikds tfrmunf l

Edhdrlk Dacsscm`s Im`trmk Yystda Hdedit ^lrrl`ty, (‛EDIYH^‑), c` wfcif

Hded`hl`ts wlrrl`tdh emr l pdrcmh me 2 ydlrs mr 28,::: ackds tm ‛dvdry puriflsdr mr

kdssdd‑?

tflt dvdry amhdk ydlr 2:<8 Umkgswlnd` vdfcikd capmrtdh byUmkgswlnd`?

• wls hdscn`dh, buckt l`h dqucppdh sm ls tm imèmra lt tfd tcad me

slkd wctf lkk lppkcilbkd rdnukltcm`s me tfd T`ctdh YtltdsD`vcrmàd`tlk Zrmtditcm` Lndìy (DZL), l`h

• cs erdd erma hdedits c` altdrclk l`h wmrgal`sfcp wfcif ilusds tfd

vdfcikd tm elck tm imèmra wctf DZL rdnukltcm`s . . .

>3. Hded`hl`ts lksm dxprdssky wlrrl`tdh emr l pdrcmh me 6 ydlrs mr 6:,:::,

wfcifdvdr miiurs ecrst, tflt l Umkgswlnd` hdlkdr wckk rdplcr mr rdpklid erdd me iflrnd

tfd emkkmwc`n alomr dacsscm` im`trmk imapm`d`ts m`ky?

• Iltlkytci Im`vdrtdr l`h Zlrtciukltd Ecktdr

• D`nc`d Dkditrm`ci Im`trmk Amhukd

• M` Bmlrh Hcln`mstci Hdvcid




9<

6:. Hded`hl`ts lksm prmvchdh l Edhdrlk Dacsscm`s Zdremralìd ^lrrl`ty

tflt prmvchds tflt?

ce tfd emkkmwc`n im`hctcm`s lrd adt, l`y lutfmrczdh Umkgswlnd` hdlkdr c`tfd T`ctdh Ytltds, cìkuhc`n cts tdrrctmrcds, wckk rdadhy l`y`mìmèmracty, ls hdtdrac`dh bdkmw, erdd me iflrnd, u`hdr tfd emkkmwc`nicriuastlìds?

• Xfd vdfcikd elcks tm imèmra tm lt l`y tcad hurc`n 28 am`tfs mr

28,::: ackds, wfcifdvdr miiurs ecrst, tm lppkcilbkd dacsscm`c`spditcm` stl`hlrhs ls hdtdrac`dh by l` DZL Lpprmvdh YtltdC`spditcm` l`h Alc`td`lìd tdst mr c`spditcm`, mr

• ce tfd vdfcikd fls bdd` c` usd emr amrd tfl` 28 am`tfs mr 28,:::ackds, wfcifdvdr miiurs ecrst, tfd vdfcikd elcks l` C`spditcm` l`hAlc`td`lìd tdst mr c`spditcm` rdsuktc`n erma l alkeuìtcm` me liltlkytci im`vdrtdr, plrtciukltd ecktdr, d`nc`d dkditrm`ci im`trmkamhukd mr m` bmlrh hcln`mstci hdvcid (MBH), l`h

• tfd elckurd me tfd C`spditcm` l`h Alc`td`lìd tdst me c`spditcm`rdqucrds tfd vdfcikd mw`dr tm bdlr l`y pd`lkty mr mtfdr slìtcm`,cìkuhc`n tfd hd`clk me tfd rcnft tm usd tfd vdfcikd u`hdr kmilk,stltd, mr edhdrlk klw . . . .

6<.

Blsdh m` cèmraltcm` l`h bdkcde, Zklc`tcee eurtfdr lkkdnds tflt tfd rdkdvl`t

tdras me tfd wlrrl`tcds c` tfcs ilsd lrd chd`tcilk, rdnlrhkdss me tfd amhdk ydlr me tfd

Iklss Udfcikds l`h tflt tfd rdkdvl`t wlrrl`tcds lrd trl`sedrrlbkd tm subsdqud`t mw`drs

me tfd vdfcikd.

62. Zklc`tcee l`h tfd Iklss Adabdrs dxpdrcdìdh hdedits wctfc` tfd wlrrl`ty

pdrcmh. Fmwdvdr, hdspctd tfd dxcstdìd me tfd dxprdss wlrrl`tcds prmvchdh tm Zklc`tcee

l`h Iklss Adabdrs, Hded`hl`ts elckdh tm cèmra Zklc`tcee l`h tfd Iklss Adabdrs tflt

tfd Iklss Udfcikds flh bdd` c`td`tcm`lkky l`h g`mwc`nky hdscn`dh l`h alùeliturdh




92

tm bd mut me imapkclìd wctf lkk lppkcilbkd edhdrlk l`h stltd ikdl` lcr stl`hlrhs l`h by

elckc`n tm ecx tfd hdeditcvd dacsscm`s imapm`d`ts erdd me iflrnd.

XMKKC@N ME XFD YXLXTXD ME KCACXLXCM@Y

69. L`y lppkcilbkd stltutd me kcactltcm` fls bdd` tmkkdh by Hded`hl`ts–

g`mwkdhnd, litcvd imìdlkad`t, l`h hd`clk me tfd elits lkkdndh fdrdc`. Zklc`tcee l`h

prmpmsdh iklss adabdrs imukh `mt flvd rdlsm`lbky hcsimvdrdh tfd trud, hdeditcvd

`lturd me tfd prmpmsdh Iklss Udfcikds u`tck sfmrtky bdemrd tfcs kctcnltcm` imaadìdh.

Hded`hl`ts lrd eurtfdr dstmppdh erma rdkyc`n m` l`y stltutd me kcactltcm` bdilusd me

tfdcr imìdlkad`t me tfd hdeditcvd `lturd me tfd Iklss Udfcikds l`h tfdcr d`nc`ds.

IKLYY LIXCM@ LKKDNLXCM@Y

68. Zklc`tcee brc`ns tfcs litcm` ls l iklss litcm` pursul`t tm Edhdrlk Rukd me

Icvck Zrmidhurd 29(l), (b)(2), l`h (b)(9) m` bdflke me tfd emkkmwc`n iklss?

Lkk pdrsm`s mr d`tctcds c` tfd T`ctdh Ytltds wfm mw` mr kdlsd lUmkgswlnd` mr Luhc vdfcikd dqucppdh wctf l 2.:K XHC Ikdl` Hcdsdkd`nc`d (tfd ‛@ltcm`wchd Iklss‑).

64. Lktdr`ltcvdky, Zklc`tcee prmpmsds tfd emkkmwc`n stltd-spdiceci sub-iklss?

Lkk pdrsm`s mr d`tctcds wfm rdschd c` tfd stltd me Xdxls tflt mw` mr kdlsd lUmkgswlnd` mr Luhc vdfcikd dqucppdh wctf l 2.:K XHC Ikdl` Hcdsdkd`nc`d (tfd ‛Xdxls Iklss‑).

65. Dxikuhdh erma tfd lbmvd iklss lrd Hded`hl`t, cts dapkmydds,

imim`spcrltmrs, meecidrs, hcrditmrs, kdnlk rdprdsd`tltcvds, fdcrs, suiidssmrs l`h wfmkky

mr plrtky mw` subschclrcds mr leeckcltdh imapl`cds7 iklss imu`sdk l`h tfdcr dapkmydds7




99

l`h tfd ouhciclk meecidrs l`h tfdcr caadhcltd elacky adabdrs l`h lssmicltdh imurt

stlee lsscn`dh tm tfcs ilsd, l`h lkk pdrsm`s wctfc` tfd tfcrh hdnrdd me rdkltcm`sfcp tm

l`y suif pdrsm`s.

6>. Idrtceciltcm` me Zklc`tcee–s iklcas emr iklss-wchd trdltad`t cs lpprmprcltd

bdilusd Zklc`tcee il` prmvd tfd dkdad`ts me fdr iklcas m` l iklss-wchd blscs usc`n tfd

slad dvchdìd ls wmukh bd usdh tm prmvd tfmsd dkdad`ts c` c`hcvchulk litcm`s lkkdnc`n

tfd slad iklca.

66.

Xfcs litcm` fls bdd` brmunft l`h aly bd prmpdrky alc`tlc`dh m` bdflke

me dlif me tfd Iklssds prmpmsdh fdrdc` u`hdr Edhdrlk Rukd me Icvck Zrmidhurd 29.

63. @uadrmscty me tfd Iklss (Edhdrlk Rukd me Icvck Zrmidhurd 29(l)(<)) ’

Xfd adabdrs me tfd Iklss lrd sm ùadrmus tflt tfdcr c`hcvchulk omc`hdr cs

caprlitcilbkd. Zklc`tcee cs cèmradh l`h bdkcdvds tflt tfdrd lrd fu`hrdhs me tfmusl`hs

puriflsdrs c` tfd iklss. C`lsauif ls tfd iklss adabdrs aly bd chd`tcecdh tfrmunf

busc`dss rdimrhs rdnuklrky alc`tlc`dh by Hded`hl`ts l`h tfdcr dapkmydds l`h lnd`ts,

l`h tfrmunf tfd adhcl, tfd ùabdr l`h chd`tctcds me iklss adabdrs il` bd lsidrtlc`dh.

Adabdrs me tfd Iklss il` bd `mtcecdh me tfd pd`hc`n litcm` by d-alck, alck, l`h

suppkdad`tdh by pubkcsfdh `mtcid, ce `didsslry.

3:. Imaam`lkcty l`h Zrdhmac`lìd (Edhdrlk Rukd me Icvck Zrmidhurd

29(l)(2)) ’ Xfdrd lrd qudstcm`s me klw l`h elit imaam` tm tfd Iklss. Xfdsd qudstcm`s




98

prdhmac`ltd mvdr l`y qudstcm`s leeditc`n m`ky c`hcvchulk iklss adabdrs. Xfdsd

imaam` kdnlk l`h elitulk cssuds cìkuhd, but lrd `mt kcactdh tm?

l. ^fdtfdr Hded`hl`ts d`nlndh c` tfd im`huit lkkdndh fdrdc`7

b. ^fdtfdr Hded`hl`ts hdscn`dh, lhvdrtcsdh, alrgdtdh, hcstrcbutdh, kdlsdh,

smkh, mr mtfdrwcsd pklidh Iklss Udfcikds c`tm tfd strdla me imaadrid c`

tfd T`ctdh Ytltds7

i. ^fdtfdr Hded`hl`ts hdscn`dh, alùeliturdh, alrgdtdh, hcstrcbutdh,

kdlsdh, smkh mr mtfdrwcsd pklidh Iklss Udfcikds c`tm tfd strdla me

imaadrid c` tfd T`ctdh Ytltds g`mwc`n tflt tfd Iklss Udfcikds hch `mt

imapky wctf lppkcilbkd edhdrlk l`h stltd dacsscm`s stl`hlrhs7

h. ^fdtfdr Hded`hl`ts hdscn`dh l`h alùeliturdh tfd Iklss Udfcikds wctf

l hdedlt hdvcid7

d.

^fdtfdr Hded`hl`ts hdscn`dh l`h alùeliturdh tfd Iklss Udfcikds wctf

l hdedlt hdvcid emr tfd purpmsd me icriuavd`tc`n edhdrlk l`h stltd

dacsscm`s rdqucrdad`ts c` mrhdr tm rdprdsd`t tflt tfd Iklss Udfcikds flh

nrdltdr pdremralìd l`h eudk dim`may iflrlitdrcstcis tfl` imukh

mtfdrwcsd flvd bdd` lifcdvdh ce c` imapkclìd wctf suif dacsscm`s

stl`hlrhs7

e. ^fdtfdr Hded`hl`ts g`dw mr sfmukh flvd g`mw` tflt tfd hdedlt hdvcid

vcmkltdh tfd Ikdl` Lcr Lit7




94

n. ^fdtfdr Hded`hl`ts c`td`tcm`lkky imìdlkdh erma im`suadrs tflt tfd

Iklss Udfcikds hch `mt imapky wctf edhdrlk l`h stltd dacsscm`s stl`hlrhs7

f. ^fdtfdr Hded`hl`ts acsrdprdsd`tdh tm puriflsdrs l`h kdssdds me tfd

Iklss Udfcikds tflt suif vdfcikds wdrd c` imapkclìd wctf edhdrlk l`h

stltd dacsscm`s stl`hlrhs7

c. ^fdtfdr Hded`hl`ts brdlifdh tfd dxprdss tdras me cts im`trlits wctf

puriflsdrs l`h kdssdds wfd` ct cìkuhdh l hdedlt hdvcid c` tfd DIA me

tfd Iklss Udfcikds7

o. ^fdtfdr Hded`hl`ts brdlifdh tfd imvd`l`t me nmmh elctf l`h elcr hdlkc`n

by cìkuhc`n l hdedlt hdvcid c` tfd DIA me tfd Iklss Udfcikds7

g. ^fdtfdr Hded`hl`ts wckkeukky imìdlkdh erma puriflsdrs l`h kdssdds me

tfd Iklss Udfcikds tflt ct hdscn`dh l`h alùeliturdh l` ckkdnlk hdedlt

hdvcid c` tfd Iklss Udfcikds7

k. ^fdtfdr Zklc`tcee l`h tfd mtfdr Iklss adabdrs mvdrplch emr tfdcr Iklss

Udfcikds ls l rdsukt me tfd hdedits lkkdndh fdrdc`7

a. ^fdtfdr Zklc`tcee l`h tfd mtfdr Iklss adabdrs flvd bdd` flradh by l

hcacùtcm` c` vlkud ls l rdsukt me tfd hdedits lkkdndh fdrdc`7

`. ^fdtfdr Hded`hl`ts wdrd uòustky d`rcifdh by tfdcr hdidptcvd prlitcids7

m. ^fdtfdr Zklc`tcee l`h adabdrs me tfd iklss lrd d`tctkdh tm dquctlbkd mr

còuìtcvd rdkcde l`h, ce sm, c` wflt lamu`t.




95

3<. Xypcilkcty (Edhdrlk Rukd me Icvck Zrmidhurd 29(l)(9)) ’ Xfd iklcas me

tfd rdprdsd`tltcvd Zklc`tcee lrd typcilk me tfd iklcas me dlif adabdr me tfd Iklss.

Zklc`tcee, kcgd lkk mtfdr adabdrs me tfd Iklss, fls sustlc`dh hlalnds lrcsc`n erma

Hded`hl`ts– vcmkltcm`s me tfd klws, ls lkkdndh fdrdc`. Xfd rdprdsd`tltcvd Zklc`tcee l`h

tfd adabdrs me tfd Iklss wdrd l`h lrd scacklrky mr chd`tcilkky flradh by tfd slad

u`klweuk, hdidptcvd, uèlcr, systdaltci, l`h pdrvlscvd plttdr` me acsim`huit d`nlndh

c` by Hded`hl`ts.

32.

Lhdquliy (Edhdrlk Rukd me Icvck Zrmidhurd 29(l)(8)) ’ Xfd

rdprdsd`tltcvd Zklc`tcee wckk elcrky l`h lhdqultdky rdprdsd`t l`h prmtdit tfd c`tdrdsts me

tfd Iklss adabdrs l`h fls rdtlc`dh imu`sdk wfm lrd dxpdrcdìdh l`h imapdtd`t trclk

klwydrs c` imapkdx kctcnltcm` l`h iklss litcm` kctcnltcm`. Xfdrd lrd `m altdrclk

imèkcits bdtwdd` tfd iklcas me tfd rdprdsd`tltcvd Zklc`tcee l`h tfd adabdrs me tfd

Iklss tflt wmukh algd iklss idrtceciltcm` c`lpprmprcltd. Imu`sdk emr tfd Iklss wckk

vcnmrmusky lssdrt tfd iklcas me lkk Iklss adabdrs.

39. Yupdrcmrcty (Edhdrlk Rukd me Icvck Zrmidhurd 29(b)(9)) ’ Xfcs suct aly

bd alc`tlc`dh ls l iklss litcm` u`hdr Edhdrlk Rukd me Icvck Zrmidhurd 29(b)(9),

bdilusd qudstcm`s me klw l`h elit imaam` tm tfd Iklss prdhmac`ltd mvdr tfd

qudstcm`s leeditc`n m`ky c`hcvchulk adabdrs me tfd Iklss l`h l iklss litcm` cs supdrcmr

tm mtfdr lvlcklbkd adl`s emr tfd elcr l`h deecicd`t lhouhciltcm` me tfcs hcsputd. Xfd

hlalnds sueedrdh by c`hcvchulk iklss adabdrs lrd salkk imaplrdh tm tfd burhd` l`h




9>

dxpd`sd me c`hcvchulk prmsdiutcm` me tfd imapkdx l`h dxtd`scvd kctcnltcm` `ddhdh tm

lhhrdss Hded`hl`ts– im`huit. Eurtfdr, ct wmukh bd vcrtulkky capmsscbkd emr tfd

adabdrs me tfd Iklss tm c`hcvchulkky rdhrdss deeditcvdky tfd wrm`ns hm`d tm tfda.

Dvd` ce Iklss adabdrs tfdasdkvds imukh leemrh suif c`hcvchulk kctcnltcm`, tfd imurt

systda imukh `mt. C` lhhctcm`, c`hcvchulkczdh kctcnltcm` cìrdlsds tfd hdkly l`h dxpd`sd

tm lkk plrtcds l`h tm tfd imurt systda rdsuktc`n erma imapkdx kdnlk l`h elitulk cssuds me

tfd ilsd. C`hcvchulkczdh kctcnltcm` lksm prdsd`ts l pmtd`tclk emr cìm`scstd`t mr

im`trlhcitmry ouhnad`ts. By im`trlst, tfd iklss litcm` hdvcid prdsd`ts elr edwdr

al`lndad`t hceeciuktcds7 lkkmws tfd fdlrc`n me iklcas wfcif acnft mtfdrwcsd nm

u`lhhrdssdh bdilusd me tfd rdkltcvd dxpd`sd me brc`nc`n c`hcvchulk klwsucts7 l`h

prmvchds tfd bd`dects me sc`nkd lhouhciltcm`, dim`macds me silkd, l`h imaprdfd`scvd

supdrvcscm` by l sc`nkd imurt.

38.

Xfd Iklss Zklc`tcee im`tdapkltds tfd dvd`tulk cssulìd me `mtcid tm tfd

prmpmsdh Iklss adabdrs sdttc`n emrtf tfd subodit l`h `lturd me tfd c`stl`t litcm`.

Tpm` cèmraltcm` l`h bdkcde, Hded`hl`ts– mw` busc`dss rdimrhs l`h dkditrm`ci adhcl

il` bd utckczdh emr tfd im`tdapkltdh `mtcids. Xm tfd dxtd`t tflt l`y eurtfdr `mtcids aly

bd rdqucrdh, tfd Iklss Zklc`tcee wmukh im`tdapkltd tfd usd me lhhctcm`lk adhcl l`h/mr

alckc`ns.

34. Xfcs litcm` cs prmpdrky alc`tlc`dh ls l Iklss Litcm` pursul`t tm Rukd

29(b) me tfd Edhdrlk Rukds me Icvck Zrmidhurd, c` tflt?




96

l. ^ctfmut iklss idrtceciltcm` l`h hdtdrac`ltcm` me hdiklrltmry, còuìtcvd,

stltutmry l`h mtfdr kdnlk qudstcm`s wctfc` tfd iklss emralt, prmsdiutcm` me

sdplrltd litcm`s by c`hcvchulk adabdrs me tfd Iklss wckk irdltd tfd rcsg

me?

c. Cìm`scstd`t mr vlryc`n lhouhciltcm`s wctf rdspdit tm c`hcvchulk

adabdrs me tfd Iklss wfcif wmukh dstlbkcsf cìmapltcbkd

stl`hlrhs me im`huit emr tfd plrtcds mppmsc`n tfd Iklss7 mr

cc.

Lhouhciltcm` wctf rdspdit tm c`hcvchulk adabdrs me tfd Iklss

wfcif wmukh ls l prlitcilk alttdr bd hcspmsctcvd me tfd c`tdrdsts me

tfd mtfdr adabdrs `mt plrtcds tm tfd lhouhciltcm` mr substl`tclkky

caplcr mr capdhd tfdcr lbckcty tm prmtdit tfdcr c`tdrdsts7

b. Xfd plrtcds mppmsc`n tfd Iklss flvd litdh mr rdeusdh tm lit m` nrmu`hs

nd`drlkky lppkcilbkd tm dlif adabdr me tfd Iklss, tfdrdby algc`n

lpprmprcltd ec`lk còuìtcvd mr imrrdspm`hc`n hdiklrltmry rdkcde wctf

rdspdit tm tfd Iklss ls l wfmkd7 mr

i. Imaam` qudstcm`s me klw l`h elit dxcst ls tm tfd adabdrs me tfd Iklss

l`h prdhmac`ltd mvdr l`y qudstcm`s leeditc`n m`ky c`hcvchulk adabdrs,

l`h l Iklss Litcm` cs supdrcmr tm mtfdr lvlcklbkd adtfmhs me tfd elcr l`h

deecicd`t lhouhciltcm` me tfd im`trmvdrsy, cìkuhc`n im`schdrltcm` me?




93

c. Xfd c`tdrdsts me tfd adabdrs me tfd Iklss c` c`hcvchulkky

im`trmkkc`n tfd prmsdiutcm` mr hded`sd me sdplrltd litcm`s7

cc. Xfd dxtd`t l`h `lturd me l`y kctcnltcm` imìdr`c`n im`trmvdrsy

lkrdlhy imaadìdh by mr lnlc`st adabdrs me tfd Iklss7

ccc. Xfd hdscrlbckcty mr u`hdscrlbckcty me imìd`trltc`n tfd kctcnltcm` me

tfd iklcas c` tfd plrtciuklr emrua7

cv. Xfd hceeciuktcds kcgdky tm bd dìmu`tdrdh c` tfd al`lndad`t me l

Iklss Litcm`.

ILTYDY ME LIXCM@

35. Zklc`tcee lkkdnds tfd emkkmwc`n ilusds me litcm` m` bdflke me tfd

@ltcm`wchd Iklss l`h lkk stltd-spdiceci Iklssds, dxidpt wfdrd mtfdrwcsd spdicecilkky

`mtdh

IMT@X C

UCMKLXCM@Y ME XFD XDVLY HDIDZXCUD XRLHD ZRLIXCIDY LIX (Xdx. Bus. & Ima. Imhd §§ <>.8<, dt sdq.)

(M` bdflke me tfd Xdxls Yub-Iklss)

3>. Zklc`tcee cìmrpmrltds by rdedrdìd lkk lkkdnltcm`s me tfd prdidhc`n

plrlnrlpfs ls tfmunf eukky sdt emrtf fdrdc`

36. Zklc`tcee c`td`hs tm lssdrt l iklca u`hdr tfd Xdxls Hdidptcvd Xrlhd

Zrlitcids Lit (‛XHXZL‑), wfcif algds ct u`klweuk tm imaact ‛WeQlksd, acskdlhc`n, mr

hdidptcvd lits mr prlitcids c` tfd im`huit me l`y trlhd mr imaadrid.‑ XDV. BTY. &




8:

IMA. IMHD § <>.85. Zklc`tcees wckk algd l hdal`h c` sltcselitcm` me tfd XHXZL

l`h aly lad`h tfcs Imapklc`t tm lssdrt iklcas u`hdr tfd XHXZL mìd tfd rdqucrdh

5: hlys flvd dklpsdh. Xfcs plrlnrlpf cs cìkuhdh emr purpmsds me `mtcid m`ky l`h cs

`mt c`td`hdh tm litulkky lssdrt l iklca u`hdr tfd XHXZL.

YDIM@H ILTYD ME LIXCM@

UCMKLXCM@ ME ALN@TYM@-AMYY ^LRRL@XS LIX

(<4 T.Y.I. § 29:<, dt sdq.)

(M` bdflke me tfd @ltcm`wchd Iklss mr, Lktdr`ltcvdky,

tfd Xdxls Yub-Iklss)

33. Zklc`tcee cìmrpmrltds by rdedrdìd lkk lkkdnltcm`s me tfd prdidhc`n

plrlnrlpfs ls tfmunf eukky sdt emrtf fdrdc`.

<::. Zklc`tcee brc`ns tfcs iklca m` bdflke me fcasdke l`h m` bdflke me tfd

adabdrs me tfd @ltcm`wchd Iklss mr, lktdr`ltcvdky, tfd Xdxls Yub-Iklss.

<:<.

Zklc`tcee l`h tfd Iklss Adabdrs lrd ‛im`suadrs‑ wctfc` tfd adl`c`n me

tfd Alnùsm`-Amss ^lrrl`ty Lit, <4 T.Y.I. § 29:<(9).

<:2. Hded`hl`ts lrd ‛suppkcdrs‑ l`h ‛wlrrl`tmrs‑ wctfc` tfd adl`c`n me tfd

Alnùsm`-Amss ^lrrl`ty Lit, <4 T.Y.I. § 29:<(8)-(4).

<:9. Xfd Iklss Udfcikds lrd ‛im`suadr prmhuits‑ wctfc` tfd adl`c`n me tfd

Alnùsm`-Amss ^lrrl`ty Lit, <4 T.Y.I. § 29:<(<).




8<

<:8. Xctkd <4, T`ctdh Ytltds Imhd, sditcm` 29:<(h)(<) prmvchds l ilusd me

litcm` emr l`y im`suadr wfm cs hlalndh by tfd elckurd me l wlrrl`tmr tm imapky wctf

l wrcttd` mr capkcdh wlrrl`ty.

<:4. Hded`hl`ts– dxprdss wlrrl`tcds lrd wrcttd` wlrrl`tcds wctfc` tfd adl`c`n

me tfd Alnùsm`-Amss ^lrrl`ty Lit, <4 T.Y.I. § 29:<(5). Xfd Iklss Udfcikds–

capkcdh wlrrl`tcds lrd imvdrdh u`hdr <4 T.Y.I. § 29:<(>).

<:5. Hded`hl`ts brdlifdh tfdsd wlrrl`tcds ls hdsircbdh c` amrd hdtlck lbmvd.

Xfd Iklss Udfcikds lrd dqucppdh wctf tfd 2.:K XHC ikdl` hcdsdk d`nc`d. Xfd Iklss

Udfcikds sflrd l imaam` hdedit c` tflt tfdy wdrd hdscn`dh l`h alùeliturdh wctf l

hdedlt hdvcid suif tflt tfdy lrd `mt c` imapkclìd wctf tfd Ikdl` Lcr Lit l`h il``mt

addt stltd l`h edhdrlk dacsscm`s stl`hlrhs u`hdr `mralk hrcvc`n im`hctcm`s.

<:>. Zklc`tcee l`h tfd mtfdr Iklss Adabdrs flvd flh sueecicd`t hcrdit hdlkc`ns

wctf dctfdr Hded`hl`ts mr tfdcr lnd`ts (hdlkdrsfcps l`h tdif`cilk suppmrt) tm dstlbkcsf

prcvcty me im`trlit bdtwdd` Hded`hl`ts, m` m`d fl`h, l`h Zklc`tcee l`h dlif me tfd

mtfdr Iklss Adabdrs m` tfd mtfdr fl`h. @m`dtfdkdss, prcvcty cs `mt rdqucrdh fdrd

bdilusd Zklc`tcee l`h dlif me tfd mtfdr Iklss Adabdrs lrd c`td`hdh tfcrh-plrty

bd`deciclrcds me im`trlits bdtwdd` Hded`hl`ts– l`h cts hdlkdrs, l`h spdicecilkky, me

Hded`hl`ts– dxprdss l`h capkcdh wlrrl`tcds. Xfd hdlkdrs wdrd `mt c`td`hdh tm bd tfd

uktcaltd im`suadrs me tfd Iklss Udfcikds l`h flvd `m rcnfts u`hdr tfd wlrrl`ty




82

lnrddad`ts prmvchdh wctf tfd Iklss Udfcikds7 tfd wlrrl`ty lnrddad`ts wdrd hdscn`dh

emr l`h c`td`hdh tm bd`dect tfd im`suadrs m`ky.

<:6. Leemrhc`n Hded`hl`ts l rdlsm`lbkd mppmrtu`cty tm iurd cts brdlif me

wrcttd` wlrrl`tcds wmukh bd u``didsslry l`h eutckd fdrd. Hded`hl`ts flvd d`nlndh c`

l amrd tfl` >-ydlr d`hdlvmr tm g`mwc`nky imìdlk tfd elit tflt cs hdscn`dh l`h

alùeliturdh c`tm tfd Iklss Udfcikds l hdedlt hdvcid emr tfd smkd purpmsd me

icriuavd`tc`n stltd l`h edhdrlk dacsscm`s stl`hlrhs. Lt tfd tcad me slkd mr kdlsd me

dlif Iklss Udfcikd, Hded`hl`ts g`dw, sfmukh flvd g`mw`, mr wdrd rdigkdss c` `mt

g`mwc`n me cts acsrdprdsd`tltcm`s l`h macsscm`s imìdr`c`n tfd Iklss Udfcikds–

c`lbckcty tm pdremra ls wlrrl`tdh, but `m`dtfdkdss elckdh tm rditcey tfd sctultcm` l`h/mr

hcsikmsd tfd hdedit. T`hdr tfd icriuastlìds, tfd rdadhcds lvlcklbkd u`hdr l`y

cèmralk sdttkdad`t prmidhurd wmukh bd c`lhdqultd l`h l`y rdqucrdad`t tflt Zklc`tcee

rdsmrt tm l` cèmralk hcsputd rdsmkutcm` prmidhurd l`h/mr leemrh Hded`hl`ts l

rdlsm`lbkd mppmrtu`cty tm iurd tfdcr brdlif me wlrrl`tcds cs dxiusdh l`h tfdrdby

hddadh sltcsecdh.

<:3. Zklc`tcee l`h tfd mtfdr Iklss Adabdrs wmukh sueedr dim`maci flrhsfcp ce

tfdy rdtur`dh tfdcr Iklss Udfcikds but hch `mt rdidcvd tfd rdtur` me lkk plyad`ts alhd

by tfda. Bdilusd Hded`hl`ts lrd rdeusc`n tm lig`mwkdhnd l`y rdvmiltcm` me

liidptlìd l`h rdtur` caadhcltdky l`y plyad`ts alhd, Zklc`tcee l`h tfd mtfdr Iklss

adabdrs flvd `mt rd-liidptdh tfdcr Iklss Udfcikds by rdtlc`c`n tfda.




89

<<:. Xfd lamu`t c` im`trmvdrsy me Zklc`tcee–s c`hcvchulk iklcas addts mr

dxiddhs tfd sua me $24. Xfd lamu`t c` im`trmvdrsy me tfcs litcm` dxiddhs tfd sua me

$4:,:::, dxikuscvd me c`tdrdst l`h imsts, imaputdh m` tfd blscs me lkk iklcas tm bd

hdtdrac`dh c` tfcs klwsuct.

<<<. Zklc`tcee, c`hcvchulkky l`h m` bdflke me tfd mtfdr Iklss adabdrs, sddgs lkk

hlalnds pdracttdh by klw, cìkuhc`n hcacùtcm` c` vlkud me tfd Iklss Udfcikds, c` l`

lamu`t tm bd prmvd` lt trclk.

XFCRH ILTYD ME LIXCM@

BRDLIF ME XFD CAZKCDH ^LRRL@XS ME ADRIFL@XLBCKCXS (Xdxls Imaadriclk Imhd, U.X.I.L., Bus. & I. §§ 2.9<8, 2.9<6)

(M` Bdflke me tfd Xdxls Yub-Iklss)

<<2. Zklc`tcee cìmrpmrltds by rdedrdìd lkk lkkdnltcm`s me tfd prdidhc`n


<<9. Zklc`tcee brc`ns tfcs iklca m` bdflke me fcasdke l`h m` bdflke me tfd

adabdrs me tfd Xdxls Yub-Iklss.

<<8. Hded`hl`ts lrd l`h wdrd lt lkk rdkdvl`t tcads ‖adrifl`ts– u`hdr tfd

Xdxls Imaadriclk Imhd.

<<4.

L wlrrl`ty tflt tfd Iklss Udfcikds wdrd c` adrifl`tlbkd im`hctcm` wls

capkcdh by klw c` tfd c`stl`t trl`slitcm`, pursul`t tm tfd Xdxls Imaadriclk Imhd,

U.X.I.L., Bus. & I. § 2.9<8.




88

<<5. Xfdsd Iklss Udfcikds, wfd` smkh l`h lt lkk tcads tfdrdletdr, wdrd `mt c`

adrifl`tlbkd im`hctcm` l`h lrd `mt ect emr tfd mrhc`lry purpmsd emr wfcif ilrs lrd

usdh. Ypdicecilkky, tfd Iklss Udfcikds wdrd hdeditcvd c` tflt tfdy wdrd dqucppdh wctf l

hdedlt hdvcid, tfd smkd purpmsd me wfcif wls tm icriuavd`t edhdrlk l`h stltd dacsscm`s

stl`hlrhs.

<<>. Hded`hl`ts wdrd eukky lwlrd me tfcs cssud, ls dvchdìdh by tfd elit tflt

m` Ydptdabdr 9, 2:<4, ct lhacttdh tm DZL l`h ILRB meeciclks tfd dxcstdìd me tfd

hdedlt hdvcid wfd` tfrdltd`dh wctf tfd wctffmkhc`n me Idrtceciltds me Imèmracty emr

cts 2:<5 amhdk ydlr hcdsdk vdfcikds.

<<6. Zklc`tcee l`h tfd mtfdr Iklss adabdrs flvd flh sueecicd`t hcrdit hdlkc`ns

wctf dctfdr Hded`hl`ts mr cts lnd`ts (hdlkdrsfcps) tm dstlbkcsf prcvcty me im`trlit

bdtwdd` Zklc`tcee l`h tfd mtfdr Iklss Adabdrs. @mtwctfstl`hc`n tfcs, prcvcty cs `mt

rdqucrdh c` tfcs ilsd bdilusd Zklc`tcee l`h tfd mtfdr Iklss Adabdrs lrd c`td`hdh tfcrh-

plrty bd`deciclrcds me im`trlits bdtwdd` Hded`hl`ts l`h cts hdlkdrs7 spdicecilkky, tfdy

lrd tfd c`td`hdh bd`deciclrcds me Hded`hl`ts– capkcdh wlrrl`tcds. Xfd hdlkdrs wdrd `mt

c`td`hdh tm bd tfd uktcaltd im`suadrs me tfd Iklss Udfcikds l`h flvd `m rcnfts u`hdr

tfd wlrrl`ty lnrddad`ts prmvchdh wctf tfd Iklss Udfcikds7 tfd wlrrl`ty lnrddad`ts

wdrd hdscn`dh emr l`h c`td`hdh tm bd`dect tfd uktcaltd im`suadrs m`ky. Ec`lkky, prcvcty

cs lksm `mt rdqucrdh bdilusd Zklc`tcee–s l`h tfd mtfdr Iklss Adabdrs– Iklss Udfcikds

lrd hl`ndrmus c`struad`tlkctcds hud tm tfd lemrdad`tcm`dh hdedits.




84

<<3. Ls l hcrdit l`h prmxcaltd rdsukt me Hded`hl`ts– brdlif me tfd wlrrl`tcds

me adrifl`tlbckcty, Zklc`tcee l`h tfd mtfdr Iklss Adabdrs flvd bdd` hlalndh c` l`

lamu`t tm bd prmvd` lt trclk.

EMTRXF ILTYD ME LIXCM@

BRDLIF ME IM@XRLIX/IMAAM@ KL^ ^LRRL@XS

(M` Bdflke me tfd Xdxls Yub-Iklss)

<2:. Zklc`tcee cìmrpmrltds by rdedrdìd lkk lkkdnltcm`s me tfd prdidhc`n


<2<. Zklc`tcee brc`ns tfcs iklca m` bdflke me fcasdke l`h m` bdflke me tfd

adabdrs me tfd Xdxls Yub-Iklss.

<22. Xm tfd dxtd`t Hded`hl`ts– kcactdh rdadhcds lrd hddadh `mt tm bd

wlrrl`tcds u`hdr Xdxls–s Imaadriclk Imhd, Zklc`tcee, c`hcvchulkky l`h m` bdflke me

tfd mtfdr Iklss Adabdrs, pkdlhs c` tfd lktdr`ltcvd u`hdr imaam` klw wlrrl`ty l`h

im`trlit klw. Hded`hl`ts kcactdh tfd rdadhcds lvlcklbkd tm Zklc`tcee l`h tfd mtfdr Iklss

Adabdrs tm rdplcrs l`h lhoustad`ts `ddhdh tm imrrdit hdedits c` altdrclks mr

wmrgal`sfcp me l`y plrt suppkcdh by Hded`hl`ts l`h/mr wlrrl`tdh tfd qulkcty mr

`lturd me tfmsd sdrvcids tm Zklc`tcee l`h tfd mtfdr Iklss Adabdrs.

<29. Hded`hl`ts brdlifdh tfcs wlrrl`ty mr im`trlit mbkcnltcm` by elckc`n tm

rdplcr mr rdpklid tfd Iklss Udfcikds– hdeditcvd dacsscm`s systdas.




85

<28. Xfd altdrclk tdras me tfd im`trlit lksm cìkuhdh tfd capkcdh imvd`l`t me

nmmh elctf l`h elcr hdlkc`n, wfdrdby Hded`hl`ts imvd`l`tdh tflt tfdy wmukh, c` nmmh

elctf l`h c` tfd dxdricsd me elcr hdlkc`n, hdlk wctf Zklc`tcee l`h dlif Iklss Adabdr

elcrky l`h fm`dstky l`h hm `mtfc`n tm caplcr, c`tdredrd wctf, fc`hdr, mr pmtd`tclkky

còurd Zklc`tcee–s l`h tfd Iklss Adabdrs– rcnfts l`h bd`dects u`hdr tfd im`trlit.

<24. Zklc`tcee l`h tfd Iklss Adabdrs flvd pdremradh lkk im`hctcm`s,

imvd`l`ts, l`h prmacsds rdqucrdh by dlif me tfda m` tfdcr plrt tm bd pdremradh c`

liimrhlìd wctf tfd tdras l`h im`hctcm`s me tfd im`trlit

<25. Hded`hl`ts brdlifdh tfd im`trlit l`h tfd capkcdh imvd`l`t me nmmh elctf

l`h elcr hdlkc`n by, c`tdr lkcl, dqucppc`n tfd Iklss Udfcikds wctf hdeditcvd dacsscm`s

stl`hlrhs tflt wdrd `mt c` imapkclìd wctf edhdrlk l`h stltd dacsscm`s stl`hlrhs.

<2>. Ls l hcrdit l`h prmxcaltd rdsukt me Hded`hl`ts– brdlif me im`trlit mr

imaam` klw wlrrl`ty, Zklc`tcee l`h tfd mtfdr Iklss Adabdrs flvd bdd` hlalndh c`

l` lamu`t tm bd prmvd` lt trclk, wfcif sflkk cìkuhd, but cs `mt kcactdh tm, lkk

imapd`sltmry hlalnds, cìchd`tlk l`h im`sdqud`tclk hlalnds, l`h mtfdr hlalnds

lkkmwdh by klw.

ECEXF ILTYD ME LIXCM@

ERLTHTKD@X IM@IDLKAD@X

(M` bdflke me tfd @ltcm`wchd Iklss mr, Lktdr`ltcvdky,

tfd Xdxls Yub-Iklss)




8>

<26. Zklc`tcee cìmrpmrltds by rdedrdìd lkk lkkdnltcm`s me tfd prdidhc`n


<23. Zklc`tcee brc`ns tfcs iklca m` bdflke me fcasdke l`h m` bdflke me tfd

adabdrs me tfd @ltcm`wchd Iklss mr, lktdr`ltcvdky, tfd Xdxls Yub-Iklss.

<9:. Xfd acsrdprdsd`tltcm`s, `m`hcsikmsurd, l`h/mr imìdlkad`t me altdrclk

elits alhd by Hded`hl`ts tm Zklc`tcee l`h tfd adabdrs me tfd Iklss, ls sdt emrtf

lbmvd, wdrd g`mw`, mr tfrmunf rdlsm`lbkd ilrd sfmukh flvd bdd` g`mw`, by

Hded`hl`ts tm bd elksd l`h altdrclk l`h wdrd c`td`hdh by Hded`hl`ts tm acskdlh

Zklc`tcee l`h tfd adabdrs me tfd Iklss.

<9<. Hded`hl`ts flh l huty tm hcsikmsd tfdsd sledty, qulkcty, euìtcm`lkcty, l`h

rdkclbckcty cssuds bdilusd tfdy im`scstd`tky alrgdtdh tfdcr Iklss Udfcikds ls

pmssdssc`n idrtlc` pdremralìd l`h eudk dim`may iflrlitdrcstcis l`h ls bdc`n c`

imapkclìd wctf lkk lppkcilbkd edhdrlk l`h stltd dacsscm`s stl`hlrhs. Hded`hl`ts

alrgdtdh tfd Iklss Udfcikds ls bdc`n ‛ikdl` hcdsdk.‑ Mìd Hded`hl`ts alhd

rdprdsd`tltcm`s tm tfd pubkci lbmut sledty, qulkcty, euìtcm`lkcty, l`h rdkclbckcty, ls wdkk

ls lbmut tfd pdremralìd l`h eudk dim`may iflrlitdrcstcis me tfd ‛ikdl` hcdsdk‑

vdfcikds c` plrtciuklr, Hded`hl`ts wdrd u`hdr l huty tm hcsikmsd tfdsd macttdh elits,

bdilusd wfdrd m`d hmds spdlg m`d aust spdlg tfd wfmkd trutf l`h `mt imìdlk l`y

elits wfcif altdrclkky qulkcey tfmsd elits stltdh. M`d wfm vmku`tddrs cèmraltcm`

aust bd trutfeuk, l`h tfd tdkkc`n me l flke-trutf ilkiukltdh tm hdidcvd cs erluh.




86

<92. C` lhhctcm`, Hded`hl`ts flh l huty tm hcsikmsd tfdsd macttdh altdrclk

elits bdilusd tfdy wdrd g`mw` l`h/mr liidsscbkd m`ky tm Hded`hl`ts wfcif flh

supdrcmr g`mwkdhnd l`h liidss tm tfd elits, l`h Hded`hl`ts g`dw tfdy wdrd `mt

g`mw` tm mr rdlsm`lbky hcsimvdrlbkd by Zklc`tcee l`h tfd mtfdr Iklss Adabdrs. Xfdsd

imìdlkdh l`h macttdh elits wdrd altdrclk bdilusd tfdy hcrditky caplit tfd sledty,

qulkcty, euìtcm`lkcty, rdkclbckcty, l`h vlkud me tfd Iklss Udfcikds.

<99. Hded`hl`ts litcvdky imìdlkdh l`h/mr supprdssdh tfdsd altdrclk elits, c`

wfmkd mr c` plrt, wctf tfd c`td`t tm c`huid Zklc`tcee l`h tfd mtfdr Iklss Adabdrs tm

puriflsd mr kdlsd Iklss Udfcikds lt l fcnfdr prcid emr tfd Iklss Udfcikds, wfcif hch

`mt altif tfd Iklss Udfcikds– trud vlkud.

<98. Zklc`tcee l`h tfd Iklss Adabdrs wdrd u`lwlrd me tfdsd macttdh altdrclk

elits tflt wdrd litcvdky imìdlkdh l`h/mr supprdssdh, c` wfmkd mr c` plrt, by

Hded`hl`ts wctf tfd c`td`t tm c`huid Zklc`tcee l`h tfd mtfdr Iklss Adabdrs tm

puriflsd mr kdlsd tfd Iklss Udfcikds lt l fcnfdr prcid emr tfd Iklss Udfcikds, wfcif

hch `mt altif tfd Iklss Udfcikds– trud vlkud.

<94. Ce Zklc`tcee l`h mtfdr Iklss Adabdrs flh g`mw` tfdsd altdrclk elits, tfdy

wmukh `mt flvd litdh ls tfdy hch. Zklc`tcee–s l`h tfd mtfdr Iklss Adabdrs– litcm`s

wdrd oustcecdh. Hded`hl`ts wdrd c` dxikuscvd im`trmk me tfd altdrclk elits l`h suif

elits wdrd `mt g`mw` tm tfd pubkci, Zklc`tcee, mr tfd Iklss Adabdrs.




83

<95. Ls l rdsukt me tfd im`huit me Hded`hl`ts, Zklc`tcee l`h tfd Iklss Adabdrs

flvd bdd` hlalndh bdilusd tfd vlkud me Zklc`tcee–s l`h tfd Iklss Adabdrs– Iklss

Udfcikds flvd hcac`csfdh ls l rdsukt me Hded`hl`ts– erluhukd`t imìdlkad`t me cts

sifdad tm icriuavd`t edhdrlk l`h stltd dacsscm`s stl`hlrhs, wfcif fls flradh tfd

Umkgswlnd` l`h Luhc brl`h `lads lssmicltdh wctf tfd Iklss Udfcikds.

<9>. Eurtfdramrd, blsdh m` cèmraltcm` l`h bdkcde, Zklc`tcee l`tcicpltds tflt ce

l`h wfd` Hded`hl`ts lrd imapdkkdh tm brc`n tfd Iklss Udfcikds c`tm imapkclìd wctf

stltd l`h edhdrlk dacsscm`s stl`hlrhs, ls c`hciltdh by tfd @mtcids me Ucmkltcm`s cssudh

by tfd DZL l`h ILRB, tfd Iklss Udfcikds wckk `m km`ndr pmssdss tfd pdremralìd

l`h/mr eudk dim`may iflrlitdrcstcis tfdy wdrd rdprdsd`tdh tm pmssdss lt tfd tcad me

slkd mr kdlsd.

<96. Liimrhc`nky, Hded`hl`ts lrd kclbkd tm Zklc`tcee l`h tfd Iklss Adabdrs

emr hlalnds c` l` lamu`t tm bd prmvd` lt trclk. C` lhhctcm` tm suif hlalnds, Zklc`tcee

sddgs pu`ctcvd mr dxdapklry hlalnds sm ls tm pu`csf Hded`hl`ts l`h hdtdr mtfdrs.

<93. Hded`hl`ts wl`tm`ky, alkcicmusky, mpprdsscvdky hdkcbdrltdky, wctf c`td`t

tm hderluh, l`h c` rdigkdss hcsrdnlrh me Zklc`tcee–s l`h tfd Iklss Adabdrs– rcnfts

d`nlndh c` l systdaltci l`h c`td`tcm`lk sifdad tm hderluh im`suadrs l`h stltd l`h

edhdrlk rdnukltmrs by icriuavd`tc`n tfd klws me tfd T`ctdh Ytltds, tfd Ytltd me Xdxls,

l`h mtfdr stltds, by hdscn`c`n l hdedlt hdvcid c` tfd emra me l smetwlrd lknmrctfa

wfmsd smkd purpmsd wls tm algd ct lppdlr tflt tfd Iklss Udfcikds imapkcdh wctf




4:

edhdrlk l`h stltd dacsscm`s stl`hlrhs wfd`, c` elit, tfdy dxiddhdh suif stl`hlrhs by

ls auif ls 8: tcads. C` pdrpdtrltc`n tfcs sifdad, Hded`hl`ts wdrd lbkd tm sdiurd l

>6% sflrd me tfd lutmamtcvd hcdsdk alrgdt c` tfd T`ctdh Ytltds by rdprdsd`tc`n tfdcr

‛ikdl` hcdsdk‑ vdfcikds tm flvd pdremralìd l`h eudk dim`may iflrlitdrcstcis tflt

wmukh `mt bd pmsscbkd ce tfd Iklss Udfcikds imapkcdh wctf edhdrlk l`h stltd dacsscm`s

stl`hlrhs, `mt tm ad`tcm` tlgc`n alrgdt sflrd lwly erma ikdl`dr bur`c`n fybrch l`h

nlsmkc`d imabustcm` ilrs by tfcs erluh.

<8:.

Blsdh m` cèmraltcm` l`h bdkcde, Zklc`tcee lkkdnds tflt Hded`hl`ts

d`nlndh c` l imursd me im`huit tm d`surd tflt dapkmydds, hdlkdrs, l`h lnd`ts hch `mt

rdvdlk tfcs sifdad tm rdnukltmrs mr im`suadrs c` mrhdr tm elickctltd cts erluhukd`t

sifdad l`h d`flìd Hded`hl`ts– rdputltcm` l`h tflt me tfd Iklss Udfcikds c` mrhdr tm

sdkk amrd vdfcikds l`h tm sdkk tfmsd vdfcikds lt l` cèkltdh prcid.

<8<.

Hded`hl`ts– im`huit wlrrl`ts l` lssdssad`t me pu`ctcvd hlalnds c` l`

lamu`t sueecicd`t tm hdtdr suif im`huit c` tfd euturd, wfcif lamu`t cs tm bd

hdtdrac`dh liimrhc`n tm prmme.

ZRLSDR EMR RDKCDE

<82. ^FDRDEMRD, Zklc`tcee l`h tfd Iklss prly emr ouhnad`t ls emkkmws?

<. Emr l` mrhdr idrtceyc`n tfcs litcm` ls l iklss litcm`7

2. emr l` mrhdr lppmc`tc`n Zklc`tcee ls rdprdsd`tltcvd me tfd Iklss l`h fdr

imu`sdk me rdimrh ls Iklss imu`sdk7




4<

9. emr l` lwlrh me litulk, nd`drlk, spdiclk, cìchd`tlk, stltutmry,

imapd`sltmry l`h im`sdqud`tclk hlalnds m` iklcas emr im`struitcvd erluh, brdlif me

dxprdss l`h capkcdh wlrrl`tcds u`hdr lkk rdkdvl`t stltutds mr imaam` klw, l`h/mr

hdidct c` l` lamu`t tm bd prmvd` lt trclk7

8. emr l` lwlrh me dxdapklry l`h pu`ctcvd hlalnds c` l` lamu`t tm bd

prmvd` lt trclk7

4. emr l` mrhdr rdqucrc`n Hded`hl`ts tm hcsnmrnd, rdstmrd, l`h rdtur` lkk

am`cds wrm`neukky mbtlc`dh tmndtfdr wctf c`tdrdst ilkiukltdh lt tfd alxcaua kdnlk

rltd7

5. emr l` mrhdr dòmc`c`n tfd wrm`neuk im`huit lkkdndh fdrdc`7

>. emr imsts7

6. emr c`tdrdst7

3. emr lttmr`dys– edds u`hdr lppkcilbkd klw7 l`h

<:. emr suif mtfdr rdkcde ls tfd Imurt hddas oust l`h prmpdr.

HLXDH? Ydptdabdr 26, 2:<4 Rdspditeukky subacttdh,

Iflrkds ‛Xrdy‑ Brl`fla (Blr @m. 28:<2929)HDL@ MALR & BRL@FLA, KKZ




93:: Dka Yt.Hlkkls, XV >4225Xdkdpfm`d? (2<8) >22-433:Eliscackd? (2<8) >22-433<tbrl`flaJhmbkkp.ima

L@H

^ckkcla B. Edhdral` (Blr @m. ::>38394)EDHDRAL@ & YFDR^MMH

2325 Alpkd Lvd., Ytd. 2::Hlkkls, XV >42:<Xdkdpfm`d? (2<8) 535-<<::Eliscackd? (2<8) 535->8:-:<<2

wbeJedhdral`klw.ima

Lttmr`dys emr Zklc`tcee Zlrsm`s l`h tfd

Zrmpmsdh Iklss

LXXMR@DS KCD@ IKLCAOTRS XRCLK HDAL@HDH


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