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Statewide Vineyard Crop Development Update #7

October 9, 2020

Edited by Tim Martinson and Chris Gerling

Veraison to HarVestVeraison to HarVest

Around New York...Statewide (Tim Martinson)This week, we processed final samples for the 2020 Verai-son to Harvest season. We are stopping a week earlier than normal for a couple of reasons. First, we received word last week of a 20% reduction in the funds we had budgeted for support – an outcome of state budget challenges related to COVID-19 and its impact on the economy. By stopping now, we will save some labor and material costs related to collecting, shipping, and processing fruit samples. The other reason is that a number of environmental factors have accelerated harvest – principally ideal ripening weather and low yields in some varieties related to spring frost episodes (May 8-9 and 12-13).

We started a week earlier than normal, but this is only the 7th sample week – typically we collect for 8 weeks. The last time we stopped this early was in 2012 – an extremely early year, due to unseasonably warm weather in March that prompted early budbreak – and like this year, led to significant bud injury, particularly in Native Labrusca type varieties.

Harvest. At the start, we sampled from 25 different variet-ies. Only 9 remain in this week’s samples. Of the variet-ies represented by multiple sites, only Cabernet Franc (1/11 harvested), Riesling (1/13 harvested) and Merlot (1/4 har-vested) remain mostly unharvested. A few other vinifera (Pinot noir and Chardonnay in Niagara, Malbec on Long Island) have one block each remaining. Two Frontenac blocks in Champlain are still hanging. Among the other hybrids only acid-retaining Vidal blanc and Traminett have not been harvested.

Fruit Composition. Without getting into too much de-tail, almost all varieties ended up 2-3 °Brix higher than last year and 2-3 g/L lower titratable acidity (TA) than last year. Numbers on the Catawba and Concord blocks (18.8 and 19.0 °Brix) seem almost unprecedented. Cabernet Franc is posting higher soluble solids on average, but similar TAs to last year. Riesling averages ad 2.5 °Brix ahead of last year, and TA’s are plateauing at 9 g/L on average – only slightly lower than last year. For Merlot, the 25.5 °Brix sample from Niagara countyseems to be an outlier (but not erroneous –

last week it was at 24.5 °Brix), the two Long Island samples being lower at 18.7 and 20 °Brix, respectively.

Thanks and Upcoming Final Issue. With sampling done for the season, we will pause for a few weeks before sending out the final Veraison to Harvest on October 29, featuring our reviews of the growing season and the numbers we have published each week. This newsletter represents the efforts of many, including four regional extension programs, the (newly renamed) NY Craft Beverages Analytical Labora-tory, and the two statewide extension programs that collect, analyze, and write about the data and other observations. A special thanks goes to Robin Ross, of Arrowhead Vine-yards in Lockport, who collected and sent us samples from Niagara county. Finally, our funding through the New York Wine and Grape Foundation is what enables us to have a data-based update every week from Veraison to Harvest.

Long Island (Alice Wise)Harvest is well underway when the orb weaving spiders show up in the Cornell LIHREC vineyard. In the industry, Chardonnay, fruit for rosé and even a few blocks of reds for table wine were harvested. While many businesses are hand harvesting, there is still plenty of machine harvest for larger blocks and for rosé blocks.

Continued on page 2

Presence of orb-weaving spiders at Alice Wise’s vineyard at the Long Island Horticultural Research and Extension Center often appear at the height of the harvest season.

Photos by Alice Wise

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Some are being picked ahead of a predicted 4 days of rain Sunday evening through Wednesday morning. While it is too early to tell how significant the rain will be, the forecast is not particularly welcome at this time of year. The win-eries are operating at full speed. With fermentations pro-gressing and a steady stream of fruit arriving, winery crews are staying busy.

On Oct. 6 in the LIHREC vineyard, we harvested several more Chardonnay clones, Regent and Lemberger. The Chardonnays were free from rot, likely due to the location of a cluster rot experiment within the vineyard. That seems to be the best way to ensure that cluster rot does not de-velop. Most of the Chardonnay clones are replicated on C3309, MG101-14 and as own-rooted vines. The own-root-ed usually do fine, though this year= the yields were much lower than that of vines on rootstock.

Variety °Brix TA, g/l pH Comments

Chardonnay 4 21.8 6.0 3.19 Medium to large clusters

Chardonnay 5 22.3 10.8 3.13 Large to very large clusters

Chardonnay 17 22.3 8.25 3.23 Medium clusters, variable yield

Regent 23.5 6.45 3.34 Clean fruit

Lemberger 21.8 7.95 3.10 Bee damage

Regent is a hybrid with Diana (Silvaner x Müller-Thurgau) x Chambourcin (also a hybrid). Chambourcin is the con-tributor of disease resistance. The vines were treated like vinifera up through fruit set as Phomopsis has been an is-sue in years past. Presumably, black rot would be as well. After fruit set, only two more fungicides were applied with the last application in early August. The vines were free from disease but developed this curious leaf symptom (see photo).

Lemberger vines are among the oldest in the vineyard. These vines, planted in 1993, were grafted by the knowl-edgeable and always entertaining viticulture program tech-nician Gary Howard. He and viticulture prof Bob Pool also provided some of the older Chardonnay Dijon clones. Back to Lemberger, called Blaufränkisch by some. These vines sit on the northeast corner of the vineyard. Every year, yel-low jackets and friends devastate these clusters. Hard to tell if there is something inherently attractive to bees (color, aroma?) and/or if proximity to the yellow jacket nest plays a role. A hedgerow is about 1/4 mile north and woods are < one mile beyond that..

Lake Erie (Jennifer Russo)Harvest. In the Lake Erie Grape Region, discus-sions with industry stakeholders this past week began with ‘where are the grapes’? There were actually more colorful words used, but I think that you get the picture. Cattaraugus and Erie County as well as other pockets of Chautauqua County in our region were hit hard with the early season frost events. There were many hours dur-ing that time that just hovered around the criti-cal temperature for tissue death. We had reports of dead primaries from those regions during the first frost on May 8-9th followed by secondary bud death from frost on May 13th’s frost event. There are some reports coming in from proces-sors where contract tonnage is 50% below antici-pated contract.

Concord harvest continues in our area for some producers, and others are finished. One produc-er mentioned that the average °Brix on the first day of harvest this year was higher than the aver-age °Brix on the last day of harvest last year with samples at the end of the season reading 20.6 °Brix!

CFAP 2.0. Kevin Martin, our business manage-ment specialis,t provided our growers with infor-mation on the Corona Virus Food Assistance Pro-gram 2.0, or CFAP 2. (Details in Article reprinted on p. 4).

To apply contact your local FSA office. Some of-fices are open by appointment, but all can be con-tacted via phone. Applications need to be final-ized by December 11, 2020. More information can be found at farmers.gov/cfa.

“Regent” leaves senescing at the Long Island Horticultural Re-search and Extension Center in Riverhead, NY.

Photo by Alice Wise

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Payments are capped at $250,000 per entity. Fam-ily farms with multiple active participant/owners can work around this cap. Needless to say, this is the di-rect subsidy program that a lot of growers have been looking for.

CLEREL Weather. Per the Network for Environmen-tal and Weather Applications (NEWA) for the station located at CLEREL in Portland, NY, the average air temp for the past week was 53.6°F down from 64.9°F the previous week, a difference of 11.3°. The air maxi-mum temp of 64.5° down from 80.7°, a 16.2° difference from last week, and minimum temp this week 43.2° compared to 48.9° last week that differed 5.7°. Accord-ing to NEWA for Portland, NY, this last week October 2-8th, yielded us 0.43 inches of precipitation.

Finger Lakes (Hans Walter-Peterson)While there’s still grapes out there to be picked, the Finger Lakes is on the downhill side of the 2020 har-vest season. Most of the remaining samples that we collected this week were in Riesling and Cabernet Franc blocks, which is reflective of what is mostly re-maining in the field at this point. The overall theme of the 2020 season here continues to be high quality but low quantity of grapes. There have been a few excep-tions where earlier yield estimates were on target, but most are still coming in lighter than expected.

Brix levels in both Cabernet Franc and Riesling are about 2 points ahead of where they are on average, but acidity in both cultivars is pretty close to where it has been in years past at this point in the season. The trend of lower acidity in earlier varieties this year seems to be less true with these two. I take this as a good thing, as one of the defining characteristics of Finger Lakes wines from these two varieties is a noticeable acidity.

At the Teaching Vineyard this week, we harvested our Corot Noir and some early Riesling. Growers have also started to pick some earlier Riesling fruit, but it sounds like next week will be the start of the bulk of the Ries-ling harvest. Some Cabernet Franc and Merlot have also been coming in this week, but I suspect as long as it continues to hang well, much of the Cabernet Franc will be waiting to be picked for another week or more.

As this will be the final weekly edition of Veraison to Harvest for the season, I wanted to be sure to thank all of the Finger Lakes growers who have allowed us to collect samples in their vineyards this year. We can’t provide this information to the industry without their cooperation and support, and I wanted to be sure to acknowledge their contribution to this effort.

In terms of weather and fruit quality, the 2020 season was a one of the best ones we’ve had for a while, but in the end farming is still a business, and low yields will

not be overly helpful for growers’ bottom lines. This is especially true for growers with significant plantings of Concord, who were hit particularly hard this year thanks to a couple of frost events in early May.

The growers and vineyard managers are nearing the end their part in this annual dance, and now hand off the literal fruits of their labor to the winemakers. The old adage in the industry is that “you can’t make great wine without great grapes”. Given that, I can’t wait to see, and taste, some great Finger Lakes wines in the coming year. It will be a nice change of pace to have something positive in what has otherwise been a pretty miserable year..

Hudson/Champlain (Jim Meyers)

Leucon, no one’s allowed to know his fate, Not you, not me: don’t ask, don’t hunt for answers In tea leaves or palms. Be patient with whatever comes. This could be our last winter, it could be many More, pounding the Tuscan Sea on these rocks: Do what you must, be wise, cut your vines And forget about hope. Time goes running, even As we talk. Take the present, the future’s no one’s affair.

-- Horace

Harvest is ending with Champlain Valley vineyards GDDs well ahead of last year and lower Hudson Valley finishing a little behind (Figure 1). The total accumula-tions for the season are shown in Figure 2. The three final sampling locations are ripening ahead of previ-ous years (Figure 3).

Figure 1. Difference in cumulative Growing Degree Days (GDDs) and precipitation between 2020 and 2019 as of October 9th. Each colored circle represents a farm location. Local CCE offices are represented by colored squares.

Figure by Jim Meyers

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Figure 2. Total cumulative Growing Degree Days (GDDs) and precipita-tion for 2020 October 9th. Each colored circle represents a farm location. Local CCE offices are represented by colored squares.

Figure by Jim Meyers

Figure 3. Comparison of 2018, 2019, and 2020 ripening at 16 vineyards in eastern New York. CV = Champlain Valley. HV = Hudson Valley. UHV = Upper Hudson Valley.

Figure by Jim Meyers

Growers: You may be eligible for the Coronavirus Food Assistance Program 2

Kevin Martin

Ed. Note: This article was originally distributed to the Lake Erie Regional Grape Program enrollees, many of whom are grower cooperative members that get paid partially on shares of the crop, and certificates for future payments. However, it appears that this program is open to all producers - and the information about eligibility and how to apply should be broadly applicable. - TEM

Corona Virus Food Assistance Program 2.0 (CFAP) is live.  This program was originally created to provide fi-nancial assistance to farms that were directly impacted by Corona virus. Early on, supply chains broke down and there was price volatility in certain crops. Some crops could not be harvested. CFAP was designed to reimburse those farms for some of their losses.

CFAP 2 is a different program altogether.  Commodity based restrictions are no more. If a farmer is growing

it, the farmer is getting paid something. All that is re-quired is a simple application. This program has been live for two weeks.

To apply contact your  local FSA office.  Some offices are open by appointment, but all can be contacted via phone. Applications need to be finalized by December 11, 2020. More information can be found at farmers.gov/cfap

This update is being provided now because I wanted to gather some specific information about grapes and co-operatives. For better or worse, payments will match 2019 sales. This means that payments will be based on certificates issued in 2019.  It will not include certifi-cates that matured in 2019.

To determine gross revenue before you contact FSA, have your schedule F ready. The grape payment would typically be calculated on gross sales of grapes that show up on lines 2, 3(a) and/or 8. Line 2 would typically include payments from cooperatives. Line 3 might  include certificates or dividends.   Line 8 some-times includes cash payments for grapes where the buyer did not provide a 1099. This will vary based on software and accountant methodology. No accounting for expenses is necessary. This payment is based on

gross sales, not net.

2019 Sales RangePercent Payment

Factor$0 to $49,999 10.60%

$50,000 to $99,999 $5,300 + 9.90%

$100,000 to $499,999 $9,250 + 9.70%

$500,000 to $999,999 $48,049 + 9.00%

Sales over $1 million $105,800 + 8.80%

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Supporting Vineyard Management with Precision Climate Reporting

Jim MeyersEastern New York Commercial Horticulture Program

Portions of this article were originally published in the April 12, 2018 edition of Eastern New York Commercial Horticulture Program’s [ENYCHP] Grape News newsletter. - JM

Eastern New York is a large and climatically variable wine region. The var-ious mountain ranges create a complex landscape of farming sites, each with its own unique combinations of northern latitude, altitude, slope ori-entation, proximity to the Hudson River and numerous lakes, and natural windbreaks. Each vineyard has a unique set of conditions to consider when planting and maintaining vines.

Of the many variables to consider, the most important may be patterns in local air temperature. At a large scale, there is a temperature gradient from north to south in eastern NY that dictates what cultivars can be successfully grown in a particular location. Success requires that fruit ripens to suffi-ciently high sugar levels (with appropriate acid levels) suitable for making desirable wine—and that dormant vine buds survive winter so they can reestablish production in the spring.

Fruit ripening requires that the air temperature stay within the range of about 50-90 degrees during the growing season, during which time the vines are ‘accumulating heat’ as quantified by a calculation called Growing Degree Days (GDDs).

Winter bud survival requires that air temperatures not be cold enough to damage or kill dormant buds. This threshold is cultivar-dependent and sensitive to patterns of temperature, not just exceptionally low tempera-ture events, so the local temperature patterns expected in a vineyard dictate what can be safely planted.

In eastern New York, daily air temperatures and seasonal GDDs are gen-erally higher in the south and decrease moving northward, leading to the northward trend of favoring grape cultivars that can ripen with less heat and better survive cold winters.

Thus, while vinifera cultivars are commonly grown in the lower Hudson Valley, Champlain valley grows only the most cold-hardy hybrids. The broad range of climatic conditions support, and require, a diverse set of cultivars in eastern New York.

Importance of Quantitative PrecisionSelecting cultivars that are compatible with expected winter lows and GDDs is the starting point for new vineyard establishment, but optimizing ongoing management requires additional deliberation.

Efficient pest management, for example, relies on careful attention to short term temperature and humidity patterns. While GDDs might be on track for a stellar ripening year, recent conditions might have encouraged an out-break of Downy Mildew.

And while some of these short-term weather patterns are consistent across hundreds of square miles, many are not. What is happening on your farm might not be representative of what is happening 10 kilometers away.

From south of Poughkeepsie to the Canadian bor-der N of Plattsburg, the Eastern NY Commerial Horticulture Program covers many climate zones in 17 counties, a distance of 300 miles from Or-ange county to the Canadian Border, with 200 geographically dispersed vineyards.

Photo from Google Easrth

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Vine management techniques intended to improve fruit quality are sensitive to local conditions and require at-tention to precision. For example, a research study conducted in the Finger Lakes that establishes a link between, say, leaf-pulling and a particular aroma com-pound may not be applicable to a warmer or colder site in eastern New York. Air temperature, ambient solar ra-diation, cloud cover, precipitation, row orientation, and other factors are important, particularly in eastern New York where the combination of large-scale climatic vari-ability and mountainous terrain create small-scale local climate differences.

A Vineyard InventoryAs viticulture specialist for ENYCHP, I support approxi-mately 200 vineyards which are dispersed across an area more than 12,000 square miles, ranging from Brooklyn to the Canadian border 300 miles north. With so much diversity in climate, precision tools are needed to under-stand and advise on local conditions at individual farms.

Over the past few years, I have developed some tools that have been helpful to me and have evolved into a daily reporting system for growers in my region.

The reports aggregate data from several sources includ-ing Cornell’s Network for Environment and Weather Applications (NEWA) stations, Cornell’s Northeast Re-

gional Climate Center’s (NRCC) high-resolution grid-ded weather database, forecast information from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), and digital elevation models from United States Geographical Survey (USGS).

Figure 1 is a map of the eastern NY vineyards that I know about in my region (plus a few on Long Island). Each of the colored circles are farms, with the color in-dicating total GDDs year-to-date as indicated on the

Figure 1. Location, altitude, accumulated growing degree days, and year-to-date precipitation of vineyards in eastern New York and Vermont.

Figure 2 - Location, altitude, accumulated growing degree days, and year-to-date precipitation of vineyards in Champlain Valley as included in ENYCHP daily vineyard reports.

Figure 3 - Location, altitude, accumulated growing degree days, and year-to-date precipitation of vineyards nearby Blue Stone Vineyard in Champlain Valley as included in ENYHP daily vineyard report for that vineyard.

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first color bar legend to the right of the map. The colored squares are CCE offices. Year-to-date precipitation is re-ported as a contour map, and elevation is shown in gray-scale (color bar legend on the left).

While the map in Figure 1 provides an overview of the re-gion, it is also helpful to see the sub-regions in more detail. Figure 2 demonstrates a sub-regional map of Champlain Valley in which each vineyard is labeled. The open yel-low circles on the locations of NEWA stations (although the temperature and precipitation data are sourced from NRCC). These maps are useful for looking for differences among local farms. As part of the daily farm reporting, sub-regional maps are provided for Champlain Valley, Capital District, northern Hudson Valley, central Hudson Valley, and lower Hudson Valley. Maps are also provided for Lake Erie, Finger Lakes, and Long Island, but those maps do not include inventories of local vineyards.

These maps are updated daily, and each vineyard in my re-gion gets links to the maps that are pertinent to their loca-tion along with a hyper-local map of their farm (Figure 3), weather forecasts (Figure 4), historical weather data/trends (one example in Figure 5), recent phenology (Figure 6) and

other diagnostic data not discussed here.

Seasonal VariationsMaps of growing degree days are not particularly useful during winter, so the daily reports include different content during dormancy. One example is the inclusion of bud ac-climation/de-acclimation models for each vineyard. Figure 7 demonstrates such a model for a Hudson Valley vineyard using two different models developed by Washington State University and Cornell University. These models are in-tended to help in the assessment of potential winter damage and, to some extent, predict approximate budbreak.

Looking AheadThese tools, maps, and reports will evolve as new data sources become available. I am particularly excited about the inevitable integration of aerial imagery, likely in the form of satellite-based normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and hyperspectral images to aid in vineyard management. In addition, the general technology trend to-ward expanding the ‘Internet of Things’ to more and smaller devices and sensors may eventually facilitate daily vineyard reports that incorporate data collected directly at the farm from a variety of sensors in soils, canopies, and elsewhere around the vineyard.

Figure 4 – Example weather report included in ENYCHP daily vineyard reports. Figure 5 – Example of current and historical precipitation data as reported

in ENCYHP daily vineyards reports.

Figure 6 – Example of recent phenology scouting as reported in ENYCHP daily vine-yard reports.

Figure 7 – Example of estimated cold hardiness models included in ENYCHP daily vineyard reports.

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Fruit Composition Report - 10/05/2020 These final samples for the 2020 season were collected on Monday, October 5. YAN measurements are included in this week’s samples. A seasonal summary of trends will be published October 29.

Baco NoirRegion Sample Date Description Ber. Wt. g. % Brix pH TA g/L YAN (ppm)

Hudson Valley 9/8/2020 HARVESTFinal Sample 8/31/2020 SW HV 0.95 18.8 3.12 13.4 214

’19 Final Sample 9/3/2019 SW HV 1.09 19.2 3.14 14.0

Cabernet FrancRegion Harvest Date Description Ber. Wt. g. % Brix pH TA g/L YAN (ppm)

Finger Lakes 10/5/2020 Lansing 1.11 24.0 3.18 7.9 61Finger Lakes 10/5/2020 Dresden 1.16 22.9 3.14 7.2 55Finger Lakes 10/5/2020 Keuka 1.32 22.8 3.09 6.8 45Finger Lakes 10/5/2020 E. Seneca 1.34 23.6 3.18 7.3 49Finger Lakes 10/5/2020 Cayuga 1.38 21.9 3.20 7.7 148Finger Lakes 10/5/2020 W. Seneca 1.44 23.0 3.16 6.8 42

Hudson Valley 10/5/2020 Central Hudson Valley 1.32 19.5 3.49 6.6 110Hudson Valley 10/5/2020 SW Hudson Valley 1.39 23.5 3.35 6.1 94

Lake Erie 10/5/2020 Portland 1.65 19.9 3.30 8.8 147Long Island 10/5/2020 LI-05 2.08 20.2 3.48 5.4 78Long Island 10/5/2020 LI-09 HARVEST

Niagara 10/5/2020 Niagara County 1.30 22.7 3.20 9.4 42‘20 Final Sample 10/5/2020 1.41 22.2 3.25 7.3 79

Prev Sample 9/28/2020 1.43 21.7 3.24 7.0 78‘19 Final Sample 10/7/2019 1.37 20.1 3.28 7.3 93

CatawbaRegion Harvest Date Description Ber. Wt. g. % Brix pH TA g/L YAN (ppm)

‘20 Final Sample 10/5/2020 Keuka 2.55 19.0 2.99 6.0 73Prev Sample 9/28/2020 Keuka 2.48 18.8 2.88 8.2 84‘19 Sample 10/7/2019 Keuka 2.62 15.6 2.93 10.8 58

Cayuga WhiteRegion Harvest Date Description Ber. Wt. g. % Brix pH TA g/L YAN (ppm)

Finger Lakes 9/28/2020 Dresden HARVESTFinger Lakes 9/28/2020 Ithaca HARVESTFinger Lakes 9/28/2020 Keuka HARVESTFinger Lakes 9/28/2020 Cayuga HARVEST

’20 Final Sample 9/28/2020 2.79 21.2 3.18 6.2 146‘19 Sample 9/30/2019 2.16 19.4 2.99 10.0 123

Chardonnay

Region Harvest Date Description Ber. Wt. g. % Brix pH TA g/L YAN (ppm)Finger Lakes 10/5/2020 Cayuga HARVEST Finger Lakes 10/5/2020 W. Seneca HARVEST Finger Lakes 10/5/2020 Dresden HARVEST Finger Lakes 10/5/2020 Lansing HARVEST Long Island 10/5/2020 LI-03 HARVEST

Niagara 10/5/2020 Niagara County 1.51 23.7 3.27 7.4 83‘20 Final Sample 10/5/2020 1.51 23.7 3.27 7.4 83

Prev sample 9/28/2020 1.54 22.7 3.26 6.8 108‘19 Final Sample 9/30/2019 1.56 18.9 3.10 9.0 113

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ConcordRegion Harvest Date Description Ber. Wt. g. % Brix pH TA g/L YAN (ppm)

Finger Lakes 10/5/2020 Keuka 2.97 19.4 3.39 5.0 130Finger Lakes 10/5/2020 W. Canandaigua 3.01 18.8 3.36 3.5 105

Lake Erie 10/5/2020 Portland HARVEST ‘20 Final Sample 10/5/2020 2.99 19.1 3.38 4.3 117

Prev. Sample 9/28/2020 3.04 18.2 3.28 6.0 180‘19 Sample 10/7/2019 3.14 16.1 3.29 6.1 128

Frontenac and Frontenac GrisRegion Harvest Date Description Ber. Wt. g. % Brix pH TA g/L YAN (ppm)

Champlain Valley 10/5/2020 S Champlain HARVEST Hudson Valley 10/5/2020 NE Hudson Valley HARVEST

Lake Erie 10/5/2020 Sheridan 1.17 23.7 3.34 14.6 564Champlain Valley 10/5/2020 S Champlain 1.17 23.3 3.03 15.5 317‘20 Final Sample 10/5/2020 1.17 23.5 3.19 15.1 440

Prev Sample 9/28/2020 1.11 25.1 3.12 15.8 407‘19 Final Sample 9/30/2019 1.14 20.7 2.90 17.3 277

Gruner VeltlinerRegion Sample Date Description Ber. Wt. g. % Brix pH TA g/L YAN (ppm)

Final Sample 9/14/2020 Dresden 1.41 21.3 3.11 5.3 26‘19 Final Sample 9/23/2019 Dresden 1.36 18.8 2.95 6.9 29

La CrescentRegion Sample Date Description Ber. Wt. g. % Brix pH TA g/L YAN (ppm)

Champlain Valley 9/21/2020 Central Champlain HARVEST Champlain Valley 9/21/2020 Northern Champlain HARVEST

Finger Lakes 9/21/2020 Geneva HARVEST Hudson Valley 9/21/2020 NW Hudson Valley HARVEST

’20 Final Sample 9/21/2020 1.27 23.5 3.09 13.0 70‘19 Final Sample 9/30/2019 0.96 20.3 2.93 12.7 82

LembergerRegion Harvest Date Description Ber. Wt. g. % Brix pH TA g/L YAN (ppm)

Finger Lakes 10/5/2020 Wayne County HARVESTFinger Lakes 9/28/2020 Dresden HARVEST 0

’20 Final Sample 9/28/2020 2.32 21.1 3.16 9.3 123‘19 Final Sample 9/30/2019 1.78 21.0 2.99 8.6 99

Malbec

Region Harvest Date Description Ber. Wt. g. % Brix pH TA g/L YAN (ppm)Long Island 10/5/2020 LI-06 2.41 20.9 3.46 5.8 105

Previous Sample 9/28/2020 LI-06 2.50 20.7 3.52 6.6 114‘19 Sample 10/7/2019 LI-06 2.18 22.1 3.58 6.4 168

Marechal Foch

Region Sample Date Description Ber. Wt. g. % Brix pH TA g/L YAN (ppm)Hudson Valley HARVEST

’20 Final Sample 9/14/2020 NE Hudson Valley 1.09 24.2 3.45 7.1 114‘19 Final Sample 9/23/2019 Northeast HV 1.28 21.3 3.16 10.0 66

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MarquetteRegion Harvest Date Description Ber. Wt. g. % Brix pH TA g/L YAN (ppm)

Champlain Valley 9/28/2020 Central Champlain HARVESTChamplain Valley 9/28/2020 Northern Champlain HARVEST

Finger Lakes 9/28/2020 Ithaca HARVESTFinger Lakes 9/28/2020 Dresden HARVESTFinger Lakes 9/28/2020 Tones HARVEST

Hudson Valley 10/05/2020 NW Hudson Valley HARVESTHudson Valley 9/28/2020 NE Hudson Valley HARVEST

Lake Erie 9/28/2020 Fredonia HARVEST’20 Final Sample 9/28/2020 1.61 24.2 3.24 11.9 531‘19 Final Sample 9/30/2019 1.45 22.3 2.97 12.2 172

MerlotRegion Harvest

Date Description Ber. Wt. g. % Brix pH TA g/L YAN (ppm)Hudson Valley 10/5/2020 Central Hudson Valley HARVEST

Long Island 10/5/2020 LI-10 1.82 18.7 3.56 4.6 165Long Island 10/5/2020 LI-04 2.10 20.0 3.57 5.4 108

Niagara 10/5/2020 Niagara County 1.29 25.5 3.22 7.8 49’20 Final Sample 10/5/2020 1.74 21.4 3.45 5.9 107

Prev sample 9/28/2020 1.82 21.8 3.43 7.2 83‘19 Sample 10/7/2019 1.65 21.4 3.52 5.9

NiagaraRegion Sample Date Description Ber. Wt. g. % Brix pH TA g/L YAN (ppm)

Lake Erie HARVEST’20 Final Sample 9/14/2020 Portland 3.57 15.6 3.18 6.7 176‘19 Final Sample 9/16/2019 Portland 4.34 15.4 3.14 8.2 124

NoiretRegion Sample Date Description Ber. Wt. g. % Brix pH TA g/L YAN (ppm)

Lake Erie 9/28/2020 Sheridan 1.62 16.4 3.35 10.5 322Prev Sample 9/21/2020 Sheridan 1.65 15.9 3.22 11.7 346‘19 Sample 9/30/2019 Sheridan 1.57 17.3 3.10 10.7 211

Pinot NoirRegion Harvest Date Description Ber. Wt. g. % Brix pH TA g/L YAN (ppm)

Finger Lakes 10/5/2020 W. Cayuga HARVEST Finger Lakes 10/5/2020 Ontario HARVEST

Hudson Valley 10/5/2020 SW Hudson Valley HARVEST Hudson Valley 10/5/2020 Central Hudson Valley HARVEST

Niagara 10/5/2020 Niagara County 1.42 23.3 3.39 5.0 215‘20 Final Sample 10/5/2020 1.42 23.3 3.39 5.0 215

Prev sample 9/28/2020 1.34 22.8 3.44 6.2 149‘19 Sample 10/7/2019 1.35 20.8 3.29 7.5 196

RegentRegion Sample Date Description Ber. Wt. g. % Brix pH TA g/L YAN (ppm)

Finger Lakes 9/8/2020 HARVEST ’20 Final sample 8/31/2020 1.48 17.7 2.95 8.4 215‘19 Final Sample 9/3/2019 TDV 1.62 19.3 3.15 10.0 63

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RieslingRegion Harvest Date Description Ber. Wt. g. % Brix pH TA g/L YAN (ppm)

Finger Lakes 10/5/2020 Lansing 1.18 21.9 3.07 8.6 81Finger Lakes 10/5/2020 Dresden 1.32 19.0 2.93 9.3 88Finger Lakes 10/5/2020 Keuka 1.35 20.4 2.96 8.6 47Finger Lakes 10/5/2020 CL 90 Cayuga 1.46 19.0 3.07 9.4 144Finger Lakes 10/5/2020 Wayne County 1.49 20.9 2.94 11.3 144Finger Lakes 10/5/2020 W. Canandaigua 1.54 18.7 2.89 10.7 95Finger Lakes 10/5/2020 E. Seneca 1.56 18.3 3.10 10.3 216Finger Lakes 10/5/2020 W. Seneca 1.57 21.7 3.02 9.1 45Finger Lakes 10/5/2020 Clone 198 1.53 22.0 3.12 7.6 86Finger Lakes 10/5/2020 Clone 239 1.45 22.2 3.10 8.5 113Finger Lakes 10/5/2020 Clone 90 1.41 22.3 3.12 8.1 117

Hudson Valley 10/5/2020 Central HV 1.37 18.7 3.28 7.2 116Hudson Valley 10/5/2020 SW Hudson Valley HARVEST

Lake Erie 10/5/2020 Portland 1.94 18.4 3.17 8.5 172’20 Final Sample 10/5/2020 1.47 20.3 3.06 9.0 113

Prev Sample 9/28/2020 1.42 20.3 2.98 9.4 136‘19 Sample 10/7/2019 1.49 17.7 3.07 9.4 118

Sauvignon Blanc

Region Sample Date Description Ber. Wt. g. % Brix pH TA g/L YAN (ppm)Long Island 9/28/2020 HARVEST

’20 Final Sample 9/21/2020 LI-02 1.24 19.7 3.28 8.0 242‘19 Final Sample 9/16/2019 1.49 20.2 3.29 7.2 164

Seyval BlancRegion Sample Date Description Ber. Wt. g. % Brix pH TA g/L YAN (ppm)

Finger Lakes 9/8/2020 Cayuga HARVEST Hudson Valley 9/8/2020 SW HV HARVEST

Lake Erie 9/8/2020 Portland HARVEST ’20 Final Sample 8/31/2020 1.54 17.3 2.99 9.4 143‘19 Final Sample 9/16/2019 1.93 19.7 3.17 8.4 155

St CroixRegion Sample Date Description Ber. Wt. g. % Brix pH TA g/L YAN (ppm)

Finger Lakes 9/28 HARVEST’20 Final Sample 9/21/2020 Geneva 1.82 23.3 3.34 6.7 141‘19 Final Sample 9/23/2019 Geneva 2.12 20.0 3.21 8.8 171

TraminetteRegion Harvest Date Description Ber. Wt. g. % Brix pH TA g/L YAN (ppm)

Lake Erie 10/5/2020 Portland 1.65 21.4 3.10 8.9 246Prev Sample 9/28/2020 Portland 1.64 21.6 3.11 9.7 162‘19 Sample 10/7/2019 1.78 19.9 3.02 9.5 150

Vidal BlancRegion Harvest Date Description Ber. Wt. g. % Brix pH TA g/L YAN (ppm)

Finger Lakes 10/5/2020 Dresden 1.80 21.5 3.12 7.6 58Prev Sample 9/28/2020 Dresden 1.81 20.3 3.05 8.0 57‘19 Sample 10/7/2019 1.88 17.7 3.10 9.3 10/7/2019

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VignolesRegion Harvest Date Description Ber. Wt. g. % Brix pH TA g/L YAN (ppm)

Finger Lakes 9/28/2020 Loose Cluster R67V79 HARVESTFinger Lakes 9/28/2020 Loose Cluster R65V83 HARVESTFinger Lakes 9/28/2020 Standard Vignoles HARVESTFinger Lakes 9/28/2020 VSP Keuka HARVEST

Lake Erie 9/28/2020 Portland HARVEST ’20 Final Sample 9/28/2020 1.40 26.7 2.91 14.4 347

‘19 Sample 10/7/2019 1.88 17.7 3.10 9.3 406

***The three Vignoles samples collected this week are from an experimental planting at Cornell AgriTech, com-paring the ‘standard’ tight-clustered vignoles with two ‘loose clustered’ clones. The ‘loose clustered’ clones have smaller clusters, with more space between berries. Over four years, these clones have reduced botrytis and sour rot by about half, compared to the standard ‘tight-clustered’ variety (See photo below).

This newsletter was made possible with support from the New York Wine and Grape Foundation, Lake Erie Re-gional Grape Program, Inc., and USDA Federal Formula funding through the Cornell and New York State Agri-cultural Experiment Stations.

Veraison to Harvest is a joint publication of:

Cornell Enology Extension ProgramStatewide Viticulture Extension ProgramLong Island Grape Program - Suffolk CCE

Finger Lakes Grape ProgramLake Erie Regional Grape Program

Eastern NY Commercial Horticulture ProgramCopyright 2020 © Cornell University

The information, including any advice or recommendations, contained herein is based upon the research and experience of Cornell Cooperative Extension personnel. While this information constitutes the best judgement/opinion of such personnel at the time issued, neither Cornell Coopera-tive Extension nor any representative thereof makes any representation or warrantee, express or implied, of any particular result or application of such information, or regarding any product. Users of any product are encouraged to read and follow product-labeling instructions and check with the manufacturer or supplier for updated information. Nothing contained in this information should be interpreted as an endorsement expressed or implied of any particular product.