VOLUME XLI, NO. 7 July 26, 2002

IN THIS ISSUE

Cotton Insects• Producers cleaning up after early, severe

bollworm infestations• Aphid levels on the upswing• Lygus increasing but still mostly sub-

economic• Boll weevil eradication program maintains

pressure on remaining weevils

Corn and Sorghum Insects• Southwestern corn borer flights are picking

up rapidly• Banks grass mites are still around• Corn earworms have not gone away either

Cotton Agronomy• Overview• Bacterial blight• Verticillium wilt

COTMAN Plant Monitoring Tool

Irrigation Scheduling

The Dope on Mosquito Repellents

COTTON INSECTS

Bollworm infestations are finally windingdown as producers treat their last fields. Someof these latest applications were more like“revenge shots” as worms were quite large bythe time they were discovered. Some of theearlier applications were also unnecessary ascaterpillar numbers were well below anynominal treatment threshold. Sometimesapplications appear to target fields based on asubjective assessment of damage while other

fields are treated solely because other fields inthe area needed treatment. Lesson to belearned here? Scout fields using an acceptableobjective monitoring method and only treatthose fields meeting threshold criteria. Don’twait until worms are 5/8” or larger to treat.Control declines as worms increase in size,especially as these larger worms spend moretime in unexposed positions. Besides, by thetime they are this big, they’ve already damageda lot of fruit.

Most scouts look for damage and worms.Some size or age the worms realizing thatlarger worms are harder to control. But not toomany scouts divide worms they find into“exposed” and “unexposed” categories. I’vebeen doing this for years and it certainly hashelped me objectively evaluate insecticidecontrol. In fact, I treat fields based on thenumber of ½” or smaller exposed worms, notbased on total worms found. What is anunexposed worm? Caterpillars found in whiteblooms will be tucked away by the time theplane arrives. Also included worms in pinkblooms, those between the calyx and boll wall,under bloom tags and those that for the mostpart are inside fruit. Now I know some of thesewill move out to exposed positions by the timea plane drops its load on the field but probablyan equal number will move to unexposedpositions during that time as well.

This latest bollworm flurry was probably theheaviest I have ever seen for this time of yearover this much territory. It covered the RollingPlains, a significant part of the High Plains,Oklahoma and parts to the Far West Texas areasouth of us. These were no home growncaterpillars, having arrived in the area asmigrating moths. These moths were like small-scale bombers, dropping their arsenal on many

fields of unsuspecting producers. Lowtemperatures, high humidity and lowerbeneficial insect numbers than we neededgreatly contributed to the establishment of thisearly infestation. The stage of cotton was alsovery vulnerable to fruit loss and these resultingworms took their share of squares and smallbolls.

How was control? Not as good as I would haveliked. Since many wormswere tucked away, out ofharms way, insecticidesoften failed to “take themout”. Even some of thepyrethroid applicationswere marginal. Tracerand Steward treatmentsdid not fare any better andcost much more than thecheap pyrethroidapplications. Will therebe a price to pay? Use ofpyrethroids for wormcontrol can often increaseaphid problems by reducing predator numbers.Most of this aphid infestation flaring thoughwould come from an increase in reproductiverates of these aphids. Somehow the pyrethroidsincrease this rate either directly or by effects onthe leaves they feed upon. And by the way, allpyrethroids flare aphids!!

Will Leverage insecticide alleviate thisproblem? As you know, Bayer CropScienceformulated Provado in with their pyrethroid,Baythroid, in an effort to alleviate this flaringproblem. Provado is labeled for aphid control. Our experience would indicate that thisformulation is less than reliable inaccomplishing its task of eliminating aphidflaring following a bollworm controlapplication. I can look back at an earlierattempt that we did in mixing Bidrin with apyrethroid. By doing so we were able to use alower than maximum labeled rate of Bidrin andstill achieve 95% plus control. Unfortunatelythere were two consequences to thisapplication. The reduced Bidrin rate also

reduced residual activity but more importantlythe pyrethroid still flared the remaining aphidinfestation.

Back to bollworm insecticide performance. Wewere not entirely happy with the results we gotfrom both Steward and Tracer. These are highpriced pyrethroid alternatives that do notdirectly flare aphids and are “softer” onbeneficial insects. Tracer has coverage issues

and both insecticidesare just not equal topyrethroids forbollworm control.Brant Baugh (LubbockIPM agent) and I didsucceed in getting out abollworm test with 14treatments whichincluded Steward,Tracer, Denim,Curacron, Larvin,Asana, Decis, Karate Zand various othermixtures. We’ll let

you know what happens.

This was a good year for Bollgard cottons inareas that experienced this earlier bollwormproblem. Especially in those situations wherethese infestations went undetected until wormswould have been ½” or larger. Remember, weuse the same thresholds for these fields butbase our decisions on 3/8” or larger wormnumbers. If a significant number of smallerworms are in blooms, then the risk of abreakthrough is great. Otherwise, thistechnology has successfully preventedeconomic damage thus far.

When will the next wave of bollworm activityhit our area? Well the migration did extendover a two-week period, depending upon whereyou are located. Trap catches of moths havefallen off this past week in the Lubbock, Haleand Gaines county locations run by Dr. MeghaParajulee’s (Lubbock Experiment StationCotton Entomologist) group. Most worms arecycling out of cotton to pupate in the soil. In

another two weeks, plus or minus a few days,moths should emerge and begin laying eggs.This means we could see an upsurge of fieldactivity as we approach August 10th. Thiscould also hold true for the areas where corn isgrown. As you know, corn is preferred overcotton by bollworms (a.k.a. corn earworms)and holds their attention until corn dries downand is no longer suitable for oviposition.Anyway, don’t take my predictions as gospel.Scout fields for developing pest problems on aregular basis and you won’t be unpleasantlysurprised. Aphid numbers continue to increase withlarger hot spot areas reported. Beneficial insectnumbers are generally not high enough toprevent a problem from developing if aphidinfestations “takeoff”. But withhotter days in theforecast, maybeaphids will be heldin check. Wecurrentlyrecommendtreatment whenaphids average 50per leaf or moreacross the field.We also look at a top fully expanded leaf and amiddle mainstem leaf on each plant checked.When there are 50 aphids on average per leaf,honeydew is not obvious, especially from theturnrow or speeding pickups. If you can easilysee “glistening” cotton, then you waited toolong and aphid numbers are now 100 or muchmore per leaf. Control will be more difficultunder these circumstances and selection of aninsecticide and rate will be more critical.

There are some interesting alternatives forcontrol that are available to producers this year.We still have Bidrin, which can be veryeffective sometimes. Be sure to maximizecoverage and use the maximum-labeled rate of8 ounces per acre. Furadan is also availableunder a section 18 with no restrictions in placeto delay applications.

If you want to use this insecticide then go rightahead. But before you do, consider this. AllFuradan treated fields must be posted. Re-entry following an application requiresprotective clothing for 14 days. This includesthe wearing of rubber gloves. This is no fun inhot weather and makes “bug checking” thatmuch harder. Also, with lots of fields to beirrigated this coming week, consider the safetyof your workers. Furadan requires the use ofclosed mixing and loading systems for bothaerial and ground applications. Only twoapplications per season are permitted withFuradan. On the other hand, both Centric andIntruder carry the signal words “caution” andhave an REI of only 12 hours. No posting isrequired and these products are “softer” on“beneficials” than either Furadan or Bidrin.

Rates to use are 2 ounces per acre forCentric and 0.6 to 1.1 ounces per acre forIntruder. Bayer CropScience will push thesafer (performance consistency) rate of 1.1ounces (a “blow away rate”) in its launchseason but I have seen ground-appliedtests at the lower rate that were fantastic.Centric can work very well but may nothave the residual activity level of Intruderor even Furadan. Provado/Trimax can beeffective at times but control in our area isoften lower than that of Bidrin, Furadan,

Centric or Intruder. Residual control levelsalso are less.

Lygus bug numbers remain below treatmentlevels in most instances. There are morereports of fields with near threshold levels ofthis pest complex, especially some areas northof Lubbock. With most cotton approachingpeak bloom or later in their development, itwould behoove producers and consultants towatch more carefully the progression of thesepests. They can be especially damaging tosmall, soft bolls. We are rapidly approachingor have approached the time when squareprotection is no longer a viable economicdecision. Not enough time left to make a goodboll for harvest.

This quarter inch long bug (both the westerntarnished plant bug and the pale legume bug)probably cause similar damage and certainly

look aboutthe same tothe untrainedeye. Untilwe knowbetter, thatwill be theassumptionwe willwork under.Once fieldsreach heavy

bloom, the threshold is two Lygus adults ornymphs per 3 foot of row as sampled by a dropcloth or beat sheet. You should look at damageas a final determinant as to whether or not totreat. The presence of wingless individualsmeans that reproduction took place in yourfield. If only winged adults are present then itis possible they may not stay long. Scoutoften! Some folks will use visual whole plantcounts while others will use a seep net. Ourthresholds are based on the drop cloth methodof sampling. We do not have confidence in theother methods of sampling at this time.

Boll damage must be taken into account. Don’tjust look for lesions on the outer surface of theboll (carpel) wall. Lygus must penetrate theboll wall to be successful in damaging the lintand/or seed. Look for the callus (wart) on theinside of the boll wall asevidence of thispenetration. Only countthese boll or bolls withobvious lint staining asdamaged. Squares thathave been fed on byLygus and are in the“candle” stage ofdevelopment will displayobvious external yellow“wet” spots. Blooms willlook “dirty” where thebugs have fed ondeveloping pollen in squares.

Several insecticides can be effective againstLygus, depending upon your situation. If short-term control is needed then Bidrin, Provado(Trimax), dimethoate, and Vydate may be yourticket. If longer control were needed than oneof the pyrethroids or Orthene would be yourchoice. I have not looked at Intruder for Lyguscontrol but it is supposed to be good at thehigher rates. Steward would be ok forsuppression if being used primarily forbollworm control. We also list Parathion,Penncap-M, and Lannate as control alternativesin our guide. I don’t know how some of theabove products will perform as most studieshave involved the tarnished plant bug species,not the one commonly found here.

The boll weevil eradication programremains on track, keeping weevils at lowlevels and preventing them from spreadingacross more acreage. Producers in the twonewer zones will need to be extra vigilant onthose fields being treated and watch out for anypossible aphid increases. Most acreage acrossthe High Plains is not being treated so that thethreat of area-wide aphid problems enhancedby the eradication program will probably notmaterialize. Beet armyworm activity remainsat very low levels in fields and trap catches inthe three older programs are 11 to 43-foldlower than those reported in 2000, a bad beetarmyworm year. Trap catches of beetarmyworms in the two newest zones are 12 to17-fold lower than last year. Producers should

still keep an eye peeled for thispest, especially in fields withcareless weed (pigweed)problems. JFL

Average number of boll weevils per trap perweek accumulated over 14 weeks. (Weekending July 21, 2002)

Zone 2002 2001 2000NWP 0.00012 0.013 0.142WHP 0.00029 0.019 0.523

PB 0.00008 0.019 N/ANHP 0.004 -------- --------SHP 0.002 -------- --------

Acres sprayed this past program week (endingJuly 21) and accumulative acres sprayed to thisdate.Zone Week

ending7/21

Accumulative Acres inzone

NWP 475 3,968 510,670WHP 6,338 13,013 763,679

PB 2,176 5,217 526,159NHP 20.708 92,424 551,173SHP 44,191 237,664 1,063,083

CORN AND SORGHUM INSECTS

Southwestern corn borer flights are pickingup rapidly, and non-Bt corn should be scoutedfor eggs and small larvae. Greg Cronholm, PestManagement Agent in Hale and Swishercounties, operates a computer model thatpredicts percent emergence of moths from thepupal state. According to Greg’s model for theEarth area, we can expect 50% of the adults inthis flight to have emerged by July 31. August5 is the date when 75% of the adults will haveemerged. And unlike some models, Greg’s isverified by actual insect collections. It can betrusted.

Banks grass mites are still around andincreasing in many fields. If you intend to sprayfor corn borers, it would be a good idea to adda miticide like dimethoate to the tank.

Corn earworms (CEW) have not gone awayeither. CEW (a.k.a. headworm, bollworm) eggdeposition has been lighter in the past week,but sorghum is still at risk. We expect another

generation of moths in a week or so. You canfind more information on headworms in oursorghum guide, but here is the economicthreshold table.

Market value of crop ($ per acre)Peracrecontrolcost ($)

100 125 175 200 225 250 275 300

Number of headworms per head6 1.5 1.2 1.0 0.9 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.58 2.0 1.6 1.3 1.1 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.710 2.5 2.0 1.6 1.4 1.1 1.1 1.0 0.912 3.0 2.4 1.9 1.7 1.5 1.4 1.2 1.1

A beat bucket is a good way to sampleheadworms quickly and accurately. RPP

COTTON AGRONOMY

Overview. The cotton crop has really taken off“like a rocket” in many places with adequaterainfall/irrigation over the last few weeks.Certainly, we have pockets of variousproblems, but this crop has some real potential.Early July temperatures were somewhat belownormal, but since the 9th, have been reasonablyclose to normal. As for July heat unitaccumulation at Lubbock, we are now at about450 for 2002, compared to about 480 for the30-year long term average (LTA). The totalheat unit accumulation from May 1 is 1316 for

2002 versus 1426 for the LTA. After lookingat the COTMAN data from three replicatedsystems trial locations, I observed that manyvarieties entered bloom at 7-10 nodes above

white flower (NAWF). This indicates that wehave considerable yield potential at these sites.Keeping adequate water on this crop will beessential. The South Plains ET Network dataindicate that the average water use for cotton inthe blooming stage has averaged about 0.32inches per day for the last 3-7 days. Assumingthat bollworms don’t take much yield and wecan get some help from mother nature in theform of timely rainfall, we have great potentialin many fields.

The dryland crop is yet another story. It is avery mixed bag and we could certainly usesome more rainfall to help this situation. Weare still sorting out how many dryland acreswere actually failed by producers in thedrought-affected counties. Hopefully, we willhave a summary of the total failed drylandacres for the next issue of FOCUS. The FSAoffices are still tallying the numbers in severalcounties.

Bacterial Blight. I have received callsconcerning bacterial blight in some fields thisyear. Dr. Terry Wheeler (Experiment Stationplant pathologist at Lubbock) has also indicatedthat she has received some calls.

See additional pictures at:

http://lubbock.tamu.edu/ipm/AgWeb/newsletters/Focus2001/Template/August%2010/imageGallery_Aug10.html

Many older varieties are resistant due to genes,which had been identified and incorporated intobreeding lines. More recently, many transgenicvarieties have not generally been as resistant astheir conventional recurrent parents (refer tobacterial blight ratings). Leaf symptoms areangular, dark, shiny spots, which follow theoutline of the cells, hence the name AngularLeaf Spot. Symptoms on bolls appear as small,sunken, rounded to irregular, watery lesions.As the infection progresses, the lesions willenlarge and may blacken and look waxy. Oncethe carpel wall of the boll is breached,secondary microorganisms can colonize theboll. Subsequently, the lint may be discolored,resulting in staining and thus lower grades.This disease can be very devastating tosusceptible varieties given the correctenvironmental conditions.

These bacteria may originate from debris ofdiseased cotton plants or planting seed. Plantsmay get infected when bacteria from infectedplants are carried by insects or when infestedsoil gets splashed up onto leaves, bolls or otherplant parts. Bacteria may enter stomata on theleaves, or wounds caused by insects, hail,blowing sand, equipment, etc. Boll infectionoften results in contamination of seeds, whichmay then carry the bacteria to the developingseedling the next year. Acid delinting of seedhas been useful to reduce the carryover to thenext generation of plants. Only disease-freefields should be used as seed blocks. Burial ofinfested debris should help reduce potential forproblems in the next crop.

Verticillium Wilt. Dr. Wheeler reported awhile back that some verticillium wiltsymptoms were noted in some research fields atHalfway. With the recent warm up, this shouldnot be an issue. If anyone has observed thesesymptoms, perhaps the following will help.The disease is favored by cool air, soiltemperatures and excessively moist soils. HighN rates tend to promote the disease. Theorganism is present in the soil and first infectsroots, then colonizes the xylem (waterconducting) tissue in the mainstem. Irregular

http://lubbock.tamu.edu/ipm/AgWeb/newsletters/Focus2001/Template/August 10/imageGallery_Aug10.htmlhttp://lubbock.tamu.edu/ipm/AgWeb/newsletters/Focus2001/Template/August 10/imageGallery_Aug10.htmlhttp://lubbock.tamu.edu/ipm/AgWeb/newsletters/Focus2001/Template/August 10/imageGallery_Aug10.htmlhttp://lubbock.tamu.edu/ipm/AgWeb/newsletters/Focus2002/July26/Images/Randy%20Boman/BacterialBlightRatings.pdf

chlorotic areas appear between the veins and onthe margins of the first true leaves, which resultin a mottled appearance. Defoliation and plantdeath can occur if environmental conditionsfavor disease development. Many modernvarieties are reported to exhibit at least sometolerance to the disease. RB

COTMAN PLANT MONITORING TOOL

With most fields blooming now,SQUAREMAN use should be pretty much overwith BOLLMAN now taking its place. Last

week we explainedhow to collectBOLLMAN data, i.e.,Nodes Above WhiteFlower (NAWF) andtemperature datafor heat unit

calculations. As cotton approaches cutout,growth slows and white blooms appear tobe nearing the terminal. Well actuallythey are as terminal growth comes to ascreeching halt. Once NAWF reaches astable 5 or lower number, thenphysiological cutout has occurred. Ifcutout is delayed until late in the seasonthen we have to rely on seasonal cutoutdates to calculate the most likely crop ofbolls we will be able to mature for harvest.By using BOLLMAN, we can calculateroughly when it is safe to stop sprayingfor bollworms (450 heat units past

NAWF=5), when a boll is safe from Lyguspenetration (350 HU past NAWF=5) or bollshed from Lygus (about 250 HU pastNAWF=5) and crop termination (harvest aidapplications) (850 HU past NAWF=5).

Growth curves, as derived from data collectedusing COTMAN, provide a composite pictureof all factors influencing plant developmentincluding: planting date, plant density, cultivar,soil, water, weather, other growing conditionsand pest problems. When interpreting growthcurves we consider square retention,comparison with the Target DevelopmentCurve (TDC), and the latest possible cutoutdate (seasonal cutout or weather limited cutoutdate). When evaluating growth curves weconsider alignment in reference to the TDC,general slope, apogee or peak of curve (whenfirst flower appears), change in slope betweensampling dates and cutout date relative toweather-based rules.

I am presenting a figure of actual growthcurves in a plant density study as an example.It shows the curves prior to first flower, theapogees, the decline in NAWF toward cutout,the horizontal line representing physiologicalcutout (NAWF=5) and the vertical linerepresenting seasonal cutout for the Lubbockarea. This is when all blooms at that date havea 50% chance of making a harvestable boll

Locatio

HalfwayLubbockLamesa

based on long term weather data. There arethree plant density generated growth curvescompared to the TDC or idealized growthcurve. Next week I will continue TDCinterpretation including what this specificgraphic means. JFL

IRRIGATION SCHEDULING

Localized storms continue to produce patchyprecipitation on the South Plains. During theperiod from July 18 to July 24, South PlainsEvapotranspiration Network (SPET) weatherstations recorded precipitation in the amountsof 0.01 inches at Lubbock, 0.10 inches atHalfway, and 0.0 inches at Lamesa. Otherweather stations in the area report verylocalized precipitation near Lamesa, Lubbock,and Seminole. Crop water use estimates for thesame time period are indicated in the tablebelow.

Crop waand lawnavailableevapotrathe Soutat http://lClimate also avaiat http://a

T

EveryonmosquitoDEET-b“natural”

superior product. Hooey. The New EnglandJournal of Medicine has published a very goodstudy on the effectiveness of repellents. BeforeI give you the score card, I will quote from thearticle concerning the safety of DEET. Thearticle, Comparative Efficacy of InsectRepellents against Mosquitoes, was written byM. S. Fradin, M.D. and J. F. Day, Ph.D. andpublished in the July 4issue.

“Despite the substantialattention paid by the laypress every year to thesafety of DEET, thisrepellent has beensubjected to more scientific and toxicologicscrutiny than any other repellent substance. Theextensive accumulated toxicologic data onDEET have been reviewed elsewhere. DEET

has a remarkable safetyprofile after 40 years ofuse and nearly 8 billionhuman applications.Fewer than 50 cases ofserious health effectshave been documented inthe medical literaturesince 1960, and threequarters of them resolved

Crop water use estimates based on SPET Network DataJuly 18 – 24, 2002(Inches per day)

n Cotton1st

square

Cotton1st

bloom

Peanutmaxnode

Peanutfullpod

SorghumGPD

Sorghumflower

0.27 0.29 0.31 0.28 0.21 0.280.27 0.32 0.30 0.28 0.22 0.280.27 0.35 0.32 0.29 0.24 0.31

ter use for other crops (corn, soybeans, grasses) and growth stages are. For more specific cropnspiration information, please consulth Plains ET Network daily summariesubbock.tamu.edu/irrigate/et/etMain.html.data for these and other locations arelable on the North Plains ET Networkmarillo2.tamu.edu/nppet/station.htm. DP

HE DOPE ON MOSQUITOREPELLENTS

e has heard of the debate about repellents. Some people claim that

ased repellents are unsafe and that (plant-based) repellents are the

without sequelae[consequence]. Many of these cases involvedlong-term, heavy, frequent or whole-bodyapplication of DEET. No correlation has beenfound between the concentration of DEET usedand the risk of toxic effects. As part of the Re-registration Eligibility Decision on DEET,released in 1998, the U.S. EnvironmentalProtection Agency reviewed the accumulateddata on the toxicity of DEET and concludedthat “normal use of DEET does not present ahealth concern to the general population”.When applied with common sense, DEET-based repellents can be expected to provide asafe as well as a long-lasting repellent effect.Until a better repellent becomes available,DEET-based repellents remain the goldstandard of protection under circumstances inwhich it is crucial to be protected against

http://lubbock.tamu.edu/irrigate/et/etMain.htmlhttp://amarillo2.tamu.edu/nppet/station.htm

arthropod bites that might transmit disease.”(New England Journal of Medicine v. 347 page14.)

On to the scorecard. In tests on human subjectsthe investigators evaluated the minutes ofprotection offered by various repellents.

Protection Times of Insect RepellentsProduct Active

ingredient andconcentration

Completeprotection time inminutes (+ or -)

OFF! Deep Woods

DEET, 23.8% 301.5 (37.6)

SawyerControlledRelease

DEET, 20% 234.4 (31.8)

OFF!Skintastic

DEET, 6.65% 112.4 (20.3)

OFF!Skintastic forKids

DEET, 4.75% 88.4 (21.4)

Skin-So-SoftBug GuardPlus

IR3535, 7.5% 22.9 (11.2)

Natrapel Citronella,10%

19.7 (10.6)

Skin-So-SoftBug Guard

Citronella,0.1%

10.3 (7.9)

Skin-So-SoftBath Oil Uncertain 9.6 (8.8)Gone OriginalWristband DEET, 9.5% 0.3 (0.2)

This is a partial list of products presented in theauthor’s paper. Please refer to the publishedpaper for a full list of products.

Some of the results of this important andpractical work are: 1) DEET is the bestrepellent of any tested, 2) Higherconcentrations of DEET provide longerprotection, and 3) Citronella and the newingredient IR3535 are significantly worse thaneven the lowest dose of DEET applied to theskin. (But they are better than the DEETwristband).

In my opinion, anyone who wants effectiveprotection from insects and ticks should use aDEET-based repellent. Children should be

protected with lower concentrations of DEETthan adults, so I would choose a product withabout 5% DEET and then reapply it more oftenif necessary.

In addition to the safety review, you now havesome authoritative information on theeffectiveness of DEET and other repellents.Mosquito repellents are chosen for variousreasons including fear of “man-made”chemicals, personal philosophy, andeffectiveness. Insect-vectored diseases areserious. Read the last edition of FOCUS for anupdate on our latest Texas problem – West NileVirus. I am often asked what repellent I use.Well, you can’t buy it off the shelf in the U.S.It is called Bushman (http://www.bushman-repellent.com/) and is made in Australia. It is80% DEET, low odor, dry, and contains a SPF15 sunscreen. Most importantly, it works. Inheavy-mosquito environments such as irrigatedfields and pecan orchards, I want goodprotection from insects and the diseases theycarry. I spray an aerosol formulation of OFF!on my clothes and then apply Bushman toexposed skin. In the end, repellents helpprevent the transmission of insect and tick-borne disease, and they should be chosen withthat in mind. RPP

NEWSLETTER CONTRIBUTORS

James F. Leser, Extension Entomologist, LubbockPatrick Porter, Extension Entomologist, LubbockRandy Boman, Extension Agronomist, LubbockDana Porter, Extension Ag. Engineer-Irrigation,

Lubbock

http://www.bushman-repellent.com/http://www.bushman-repellent.com/

Focus on Entomology is published byTexas Cooperative Extension

Route 3, Box 213AALubbock, TX 79403

For more information call or e-mail:806-746-6101 or

m-coffman@tamu.edu

Editor: James F. LeserWeb Site Layout: Michelle Coffman

Educational programs conducted by TexasCooperative Extension serve people of all agesregardless of socio-economic level, race, color,

sex, religion, handicap or national origin.References to commercial products or trade

names is made with the understanding that nodiscrimination is intended and no endorsement

by Texas Cooperative Extension is implied.

mailto:m-coffman@tamu.edu

IN THIS ISSUECotton InsectsCorn and Sorghum InsectsCotton AgronomyCOTMAN Plant Monitoring Tool

COTTON INSECTS

Bollworm infestations are finally winding down asNWPAccumulativeNWPCORN AND SORGHUM INSECTS

Number of headworms per headCOTMAN PLANT MONITORING TOOL