SCIENTIFIC PAPERSSERIES D. ANIMAL SCIENCE

Volume LVI, 2013

SCIENTIFIC PAPERSSERIES D

ANIMAL SCIENCEVolume LVI

University of Agronomic Sciencesand Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest

Faculty of Animal Science

BucharesT2013

SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE

Stelian ACATINC I - University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Banat, Timi oara, Romania

Vasco A.P. CADAVEZ - Departamento de Ciência Animal & Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Escola Superior Agrária, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança - Portugal Serghei CHILIMAR - Academy of Agricultural Sciences - Republic of Moldova

Mioara COSTACHE - S.C.D.P. Nucet Daniel Severus DEZMIREAN - University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine,

Cluj-Napoca, Romania Georgeta DINI - University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, Romania C t lin DRAGOMIR - I.N.C.D.B.N.A. - Balote ti Nicolae EREMIA - Agricultural State University of Moldova, Republic of Moldova Horia GROSU - University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, Romania Mihaela H BEANU - I.N.C.D.B.N.A. – Balote ti Mostafa A.R. IBRAHIM - University of Kafrelsheikh, Egipt Ondrej KADLECÍK - Slovak Agricultural University Nitra, Slovacia Yusuf KONCA - Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey Monica Paula MARIN - University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest,

Romania Carmen Georgeta NICOLAE - University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of

Bucharest, Romania Mircea POP - University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Ia i, Romania Agata POPESCU - University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, Romania Elena POPESCU – MICLO ANU - University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of

Bucharest, Romania tefan POPESCU - VIFOR - University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest,

Romania Daniela RADU - S.C.D.P. Nucet Paul Rodian T P LOAG - University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of

Bucharest, Romania Ilie VAN - University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, Romania

EDITORIAL BOARD General Editor: Prof. Ph.D. Gheorghe Emil M RGINEAN Executive Editor: Assoc. Prof. Ph.D. Monica Paula MARIN

PUBLISHERS:

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Copyright 2013 To be cited: Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Volume LVI, 2013

The publishers are not responsible for the content of the scientific papers and opinions published in the Volume. They represent the authors’ point of view.

ISSN 2285-5750, ISSN-L 2285-5750

SUMMARY

GENETICS AND BREEDING Identification of PIT-1 gen using PCR-RFLP and genetic evaluation of haching weight using paternal halb sib on indegenous breed singing cockerel Pelung - Sri Bandiati Komar PRAJOGA, Kundrat HIDAYAT, Perman IMAN ………………………………………………

11 Pastoralism and the Romanian history. Sheep breeds-people, languages, genes in Northern Carpathians and Pannonia Basin - Condrea DRAGANESCU …………………..

16

History of genetic evaluation methods in dairy cattle I. Daughter-dam comparisons - Horia GROSU, Sorin LUNGU, Pascal Anton OLTENACU ………………………….………

25

Genetic diversity of Karya and Çine Çapari sheep - Onur YILMAZ, Ibrahim CEMAL, Orhan KARACA, Nezih ATA, Semih SEVIM, Mehmet OZTURK …………………………...

31

Birth weights and growth performances of hair goat kids raised in Denizli province of Turkey - Ibrahim CEMAL, Onur YILMAZ, Orhan KARACA ……………………………...

36

Study of genetic diversity of three Portuguese cattle breeds by 93 micro satellite markers - Armandina ALMEIDA, José P. P. ARAÚJO, Ivica MEDUGORAC, Vasco A.P. CADAVEZ ……………………………………………………………………………………

41

Calpastatin gene polymorphism in Çine Çapari and Karya sheep - Nezih ATA, Ibrahim CEMAL …………………………………………………………………………………………

48

Genetic characterisation of populations of cattle of Holstein breed, cultivated in the Republic of Moldova - Alexandra KONSTANDOGLO, Valentin FOKSHA ………………..

52

NUTRITION Chemical composition and nutritional value of the fodder grown in the conditions of the Republic of Moldova - Larisa CAISIN, Vasile HAREA, Vasile VRANCEAN …………

61

The metabolic utilization of iron and copper in the young swine organism - Monica MARIN, Dumitru DRAGOTOIU, Carmen NICOLAE, Georgeta DINITA, Iuliana MARIN…………........................................................................................................................

67 Use of chrome trace for vital activities functions stimulation of Apis mellifera bee colonies - Valentina CEBOTARI, I. TODERAS, I. BUZU, V. RUDIC …………………...

73

Effect of artificial molted brown laying hens on production of DHA enriched eggs - Natasha GJORGOVSKA, Kiril FILEV, Vasil KOSTOV, Vesna LEVKOV ………………

78

Characteristic and growth pattern of Brachiaria humidicola cv. tully underneath coconuts plantation - Selvie D. ANIS, M.A. CHOZIN, David A. KALIGIS ………………..

82

Investigation of L. monocytogenes – HEp-2 cells relationships by culture based and microscopy tools - Marius Eduard CAPLAN, Lorena Andreea MATEESCU ……………...

86

Microelements and their chelate forms in nutrition of monogastric animals: a review - Vidica STANA EV, Nikola PUVA A, Dragan MILI , Vladislav STANA EV, Milanka DRINI ………………………………………………………………………………………..

90 The effect of feeding intervals on the level of glucose, triglyceride, percentageof abdominal fat and carcass quality on broiler chickens - Elvia HERNAWAN, Tuti WIDJASTUTI …………………………………………………………………………………

97 Nutritive evaluation of ammoniated Benggala grass and fermented Sago waste - Ronny A. V. TUTUROONG, SOEBARINOTO, HARTUTIK, Ch. KAUNANG ………..………….

102

A study on babirusa (Babyrousa babyrussa celebensis) in tropical forest of Northern part of Sulawesi - B. TULUNG, J.F. UMBOH, A.F. PENDONG …………………………

107

Effect of free choice feeding based on emmer, triticale and wheat to japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) on performance, inner organs and intestinal viscosity - Yusuf KONCA, Selma BÜYÜKKILIÇ BEYZI ……………………………………………..

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Protean nutrition optimization for cows with high milk production by using an unproteic natrium source associated with energy and mineral supplements - Roxana ARGHIRIADE, Dumitru DR GOTOIU, Monica MARIN, Tomi a DR GOTOIU, Izabela OPREA ……...............................................................................................................................

120 Evaluation of fructan contents in the taproots of plants Lactuca serriola L. and Sonchus oleraceus L. - Nadezhda PETKOVA, Panteley DENEV .........................................................

125

REPRODUCTION, PHYSIOLOGY, ANATOMY

Studies on improving local sheep breeds fertility in Egypt - Mostafa Abdel Rahman IBRAHIM ……………………………………………………………………………………...

135

Dynamic studies in broiler chicken natural immune factors - Tsvetoslav KOYNARSKI, Lilyan SOTIROV ……………………………………………………………………………..

144

Maintenance of reproductive health when using mexidolin the course of a sperm cryopreservation - Iulia CAZACOV, Melania BUCARCIUC, Gheorghe BORONCIUC, Ion BALAN, Vladimir BUZAN, Nicolae RO CA, Ion MEREU A ……………………………..

148

Cervical insemination in Karya sheep - Orhan KARACA, Onur YILMAZ, Ibrahim CEMAL ………………………………………………………………………………………..

152

Molecular biology studies of protein synthesis and 45Ca transport in striated and cardiac muscle of rabbits with experimental glandulardys functions - Flory REVNIC, Bogdan PALTINEANU, Gabriel PRADA, Gabriel Ovidiu DINU, Speranta PRADA, Cristian Romeo REVNIC, Cosmin ONEA, C t lina PENA ………………………………...

157

Researches regarding age, breed and collecting season influence in quality and quantity boars semen - Paul-Rodian T P LOAG , Alexandru ONEA, Alexandru IANCU, Elena MITR NESCU ……………………………………………………………………………….

161

Milk quantity and quality in a dairy unit-study case - Paul-Rodian TAPALOAGA …….. 166 Improving repeat breeder cows fertility byestrus synchronization: comparison of PRID + PGF2ALFA + GnRH and GnRH+ PGF2ALFA + GnRH protocols - Osman ERGENE …….

172

TECHNOLOGIES OF ANIMAL HUSBANDRY The effect of using Pietrain breed on improving carcass quality on pigs - Ilie ROTARU . 177 Breeding Holstein or Norwegian Red in Albania? - Ylli BIÇOKU, Kujtim GJONI ……... 181 Study regarding reproductive isolation in Romanian sport horse from Jeg lia studfarm - Mariana VOD , Gheorghe M RGINEAN ………………………………..…………………

188

Research regarding evolution of heavy weight of young ramsin Teleorman’s Black Head sheep - Andi FI A, Ion C LIN ……………………………………………………….

190

The utilization of fast food waste product on the protein efficiency ration of local male duck - Tuti WIDJASTUTI, Hery SUPRATMAN, Sjafril DARANA, Anggana KHATULISTIWA …………………………………………………………………………….

192

Dairy sector in Albania - challenges and perspectives - Ylli BIÇOKU, Merita URUÇI … 197 Great bustard restocking in Eurasia - Cristina GARLEA, Marcel Th. PARASCHIVESCU, Florin RADU …………………………………………………………..

203

The pollution level of teniosis in shepherds and impact of some of them in apparition and development of cenuriosis focus points in young sheep - Octavian NEGREA, Vioara MIRE AN, Grigore ONACIU, Camelia R DUCU, Flore CHIRIL , Zamfir MARCHI , Octavia NEGREA ……………………………………………………………………………..

209

Some aspects concerning the incidence of podal disorders in cattle reared and maintained in free system - Octavian NEGREA, Vioara MIRE AN, Grigore ONACIU, Camelia R DUCU, Liviu OANA, Flore CHIRIL , Adriana CRISTE, Zamfir MARCHI …

213

The umbilical ring of ruminants, natural gate for transponder implant into the preperitoneal space - Sorin LUNGU, Anca LUNGU, Horia GROSU ………………………

217

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Study about influence of feed parameters on slaughtering performances in certificate - type broilers - Ioan CUSTUR , Maria Antoaneta POPA, Ilie VAN, Minodora TUDORACHE, Elena POPESCU-MICLO ANU, Livia VIDU ……………………………...

221

Research on influence of nutritional parameters on unit costs in bio type broiler carcasses - Minodora TUDORACHE, Maria Antoaneta POPA, Ilie VAN, Ioan CUSTUR , Elena POPESCU-MICLO ANU, Livia VIDU ………………………………………………..

225

Researches concerning total water content of broiler - Maria Antoaneta POPA …………. 229 Cattle and small ruminant breeding activities in Turkey - Ali Murat TATAR, Muhittin TUTKUN, Halit Deniz SIRELI ……………………………………………………………….

233

Study on density in shelter and the effect of a vitamin-mineral selenium premix in young quails of the Balote ti population - Lucian IONI , Elena POPESCU - MICLO ANU, Consuela ROIBU …………………………………………………………….

237

Research on bee keeping development in the Southern Romania – a questionaire based survey - Ion PÎRVUTOIU, Agatha POPESCU ……………………………………………...

245

Considerations on the C.E.E.Cs’ position in the EU-27 poultry meat production and foreign trade - Ion PÎRVUTOIU, Agatha POPESCU ………………………………………

253

Comparative study of the qualities of cows from Moldovian type of Black Spotted and Red of Steppe breeds - Serghei CHILIMAR ………………………………………………..

260

The effect of Spirulina sp. population densities toward reduction of BOD5 and COD of beef cattle slurry - Tubagus Benito Achmad KURNANI, Yuli Astuti HIDAYATI, Eulis Tanti MARLINA ……………………………………………………………………………..

268

Palm sugar (Arenga pinata) implementation as biosecurity pre-transportation system on blood glucose and glycogen on broiler - Fredy J. NANGOY, S. DARANA, L. ADRIANI, T. WIDJASTUTI, P. EDIANINGSIH, H.A.W. LENGKEY …………………………………

272

Partial results regarding the exploitation and morpho-productive traits for Alpina breed goats in South of the country - Iulian VLAD, Marius MAFTEI, Daniela IANITCHI, Mirela STANCIU, Andi FITA ………………………………………………….

277

Using feed additive (complex symbiotic) in stimulating feeding of bees - Nicolae EREMIA ……………………………………………………………………………………….

282

TECHNOLOGIES OF THE AGRO FOOD PRODUCTS PROCESSING Development of heat-stable fruit fillings using gellan gum as stabilizer - Janna CROPOTOVA, Svetlana POPEL, Lidia PARSHAKOVA ………………………………….

291

Fermentation of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) bagasse hydrolyzate by Pichia stipitis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Zymomonas mobilis to ethanol - Ratu SAFITRI, In-In HANIDAH, Toto SUBROTO ………………………………………………………………..

296

Blood glucose and triglycerideprofile using Alpinia galanga (L.) /lengkuas juice - Lovita ADRIANI ……………………………………………………………………………..

300

Hydrolysis of sago pith powder (Metroxylon sago Rottb.) in enzymatic and fermentation of hydrolyzate by Pichia stipitis CBS 5773, Saccharomyces cerevisiae D1/P3GI, and Zymomonas mobilis FNCC 0056 to ethanol - Ratu SAFITRI, Abi WIYONO

305

Sparkling wine quality in a Romanian wine processing unit-study case - Dana TAPALOAGA …………………………………………………………………………….......

311

A better start in bread quality-ultra fiber and other plant ingredients - Dana TAPALOAGA ………………………………………………………………………………...

315

Particularities regarding processing technology in a catering unit - Carmen Daniela PETCU …………………………………………………………………………………….......

321

Researches concerning some meat products control in a specialized unit - Carmen Daniela PETCU ……………………………………………………………………………….

323

A way to prevent syneresis in fruit fillings prepared with gellan gum - Janna CROPOTOVA, Svetlana POPEL …………………………………………………………….

326

WILD LIFE MANAGEMENT, FISHERY AND AQUACULTURE Helminth communities of fishes from the river Danube and lake Srebarna, Bulgaria - Diana KIRIN, Vladimira HANZELOVÁ, Sonya SHUKEROVA, Stefan HRISTOV, Ludmila TURCEKOVÁ, Marta SPAKULOVA ……………………………………………..

333

Biodiversity and ecological appraisal of the freshwater ecosystem of the river Arda, Bulgaria - D. KIRIN, V. HANZELOVÁ, S. SHUKEROVA, S. HRISTOV, . TUR EKOVÁ, M. SPAKULOVA, T. BARCIOVÁ …………………………………………

341

Daphnia test – a shortcut for human health protection assessment - Rodne NASTOVA, Nedeljka NIKOLOVA, Vasil KOSTOV …………………………………………………….

349

Examination of content of heavy metals and pesticides in fish in the accumulation Strezevo in the Republic of Macedonia - Rodne NASTOVA, Vasil KOSTOV, Natasha GJORGOVSKA ………………………………………………………………………………

354

Genetic evaluation in a population of Frasinet cyprinids used for selection to maximize meat production - Carmen Georgeta NICOLAE, Horia GROSU, Mioara COSTACHE, Monica MARIN, Daniela RADU, Alin BÂDILITA, Victor NI ……………………….

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TECHNOLOGIES OF ANIMAL

HUSBANDRY

PALM SUGAR (Arenga pinata) IMPLEMENTATION AS BIOSECURITY

PRE-TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM ON BLOOD GLUCOSE AND GLYCOGEN ON BROILER

Fredy J. NANGOY1, S. DARANA1, L. ADRIANI2, T. WIDJASTUTI2, P. EDIANINGSIH2,

H.A.W. LENGKEY2

1Sam Ratulangi University, 95 115, Manado, Indonesia 2Padjadjaran University Bandung, Jln. Raya Bandung Sumedang Km. 21, Bandung, Indonesia

Corresponding author email: lovita_yoghurt@yahoo.co.id

Abstract Transport of broiler chicken pen to the slaughterhouse can lead to stress. Transportation stress substantially unavoidable, but it does not mean that the negative effects of stress can not be reduced. Efforts to suppress the detrimental effects of stress alternative transportation one can do with management prior to transportation, through provision of drinking water containing palm sugar (Arenga pinata). The objective of the study is to obtained the implementation and delivery of palm sugar pre-transportation to maintain the stability of broilers performance. The study was conducted on thirty five days in the Sumedang, West Java Indonesia. The transportation routes are held from the village carried Bentar Cibitung - Cipadung - Nagrag or 2 hours, Village Bentar Cibitung - Cipadung - Nagrag - Cipadung - Tanjungkarta - Cipadung - Nagrag or 3 hours, Village Bentar Cibitung - Cipadung - Nagrag - Cipadung - Nagrag - Congeang - Nagrag or 4 hours. Each car transport speed 50-60 km/hour. Research carried out by using the method of factorial experimental design Completely Randomized Experiment 3 x 3 x 3, Statistical tests performed to the influence of variance and differences between treatments were examined using different test real honest. A factor is the transportation of animal with three replications, namely A1 is a 2 hour transportation, A2 is a 3 hour transportation, A3 is a 4 hour transportation ; anti stress factor B with three replications, namely B1 is palm sugar 2%, B2 is palm sugar 3%, B3 palm sugar 4%. The study found that by implementation of palm sugar in different rations and drinking water makes a decreased of blood glucose ranges from 4.72 up to 8.75 mg/dL, glycogen ranges from 120.27 up to 130.34 mg/g. Key words: Palm sugar, transport stress, performance production, broiler chickens. INTRODUCTION

Transportation of broiler chickens stricken areas of origin destination can cause stress. Factors that could be cause stress during transport, among others, mileage, time, duration, effects of temperature and humidity during transport. Stress transportation of broiler can make negative effects that cause high shrinkage of weight and slowing even cessation of body weight gain after arriving at the location of dismantling and cutting (Budinuryanto et al., 2000). There are several things can do to reduce the negative effects of transportation stress, namely: provision of adequate nutrition ration before transportation, selection of broilers before transport, density of broiler chickens in a box, setting ventilation and transport time. One function to maintain the biological safety of poultry especially broilers are ready to cut the traffic control system regarding biosecurity, so that all the

way until the end of the journey is still obtained optimal performance. Transport to be one of the major factors in trading system is as well as the storage and processing of livestock (Mubyarto, 1982). Palm sugar as a source of glucose is the energy source of non-ruminant livestock or energy for living organisms, and is absorbed in the bloodstream through the digestive tract. Disaccharide, sucrose or simultaneously absorbed more quickly as glucose and fructose when broken down in the 'brush border' intestinal mucosal cells. Some glucose goes into fuel and then to the brain cells, while the rest to the liver and muscles to be stored as glycogen or animal starch and fat cells are stored as fat. Glycogen is stored in energy source to be converted back into glucose when energy is needed more. Palm sugar release energy slowly or slow energy release, so there will be an increase or decrease in blood sugar

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Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science. Vol. LVIISSN 2285-5750; ISSN CD-ROM 2285-5769; ISSN-L 2285-5750

suddenly, too high, or too low, as the main content of palm sugar is sucrose and then glucose and fructose. The chemical composition content of palm sugar: 9.16% moisture, 84% sucrose, 0.11% fat, 2.28% protein, 1.35% calcium, 1.37% phosphorus, and when palm sugar specificity compared with other sugars because they contain levels of higher sucrose 84%, 20% sugar cane, sugar beet 17% (Burhanuddin, 2005). Palm sugar is believed more lenient towards the stomach or indigestion and expedite metabolism (Susilowati, 2002). Excess glucose can be stored as glycogen. Glycogen is stored in the liver and a lot of muscle. Glycogen any time reformed into monosaccharides and serves as a source of energy through glycogenolysis process. Glucose and fatty acids can be absorbed by the cells of intestinal wall and blood transport it to the liver, then stored in the fatty tissue which contained in the various layers and organs. Glycogen is the stored as energy source that will be converted back into glucose when needed as energy. Some carbohydrates eventually broken down into glucose or other monosaccharides in the small intestine and transported to the liver to be converted into glycogen (Minka and Ayo, 2009). MATERIALS AND METHODS

Implementation of the research carried out for 35 days (28 days of maintenance and day to 29-35 given treatment palm sugar in drinking water at day 35 before transportation), the amount of which as many as 162 transportation broiler chickens shaped 'straight run' Cobb Strain, obtained from the breeder in Sumedang District. Palm sugar used in this study was purchased a palm sugar makers farmer from the village of Kakas Rinondor District. Method of administration: Rations (TN-2) given twice a day i.e. morning and afternoon during the study, brown sugar mixed in drinking water supplied ad libitum (300 mL water + 20 grams or 2%, 300 mL + 30 grams, or 3%, 300 mL + 40 grams or 4%) given for 8 days (2 days and 6 days pre-study research) then do transportation for 2 hours, 3 hours and 4 hours treatments. Broilers were randomly marked in accordance with the treatment then included in the 24

boxes were made from a mixture of bamboo and wood box that has provided 432 broilers. Each box contained 9 broilers for 2 hour transportation research, and has three times replication, and also for 3 hours transportation and 4 hours of transportation. Treatment of broiler chickens fed palm sugar in water, marked and observed in accordance with existing treatments. The number of broiler cut 54 heads for analyzing the glycogen (liver) 27 heads palm sugar in drinking water (each replication were taken one broiler chicks), the number of treatment studies carried as many as 18 boxes with 162 broiler chickens. Each treatment unit then marked according to randomized treatment has worn so well treated animals had marked. Placement on the car already randomized treatment according to the serial number on the car is sort from front to back and so on until the top. Variables measured: Decrease in glycogen (mg / g), obtained from liver samples at the end of the study, and analyzed the laboratory (Peungvicha, 1998); decrease in blood glucose (mg / dl), obtained from blood samples beginning with the final blood sample. Blood samples were obtained before the beginning of transportation while final blood sample after transport. Blood sampling on the wing vein with the smallest needle (venojec) heparin the blood does not build up (Barham and Tinder, 1972.). The study was conducted using a completely randomized design Factorial Experiments 3 x 3 (Gaspersz, 1995). A factor is the transportation of livestock, anti-stress factor B with three replications. Factor A = Transport namely: Livestock Transport A1 = 2 hours. Livestock Transport A2 = 3 hours. Livestock Transport A3 = 4 hours. Factor B = Anti Stress namely: B1 = 2% palm sugar. B2 = 3% palm sugar. B3 = 4% palm sugar. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

Influence Graph Blood Glucose Treatment of Broiler Chickens. Results of analysis of variance (Figure 1 and Table 1) shows that the average blood glucose broilers receiving drinking water containing sugar palm (Arenga pinata) (G2), (G3), (G4) significantly (P <0.05) decrease in blood glucose. Percentage used of palm sugar levels

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in drinking water can lead to differences on blood glucose content due to long transport (T2, T3, T4) in broiler chickens.

Table 1. Test BNJ Treatment Effect of Palm Sugar on the

Decrease of Blood Glucose.

Treatment Decrease Blood Glucose Significance0.05

………….(mg/dL)….….... G22.2 7.11 aG22.3 7.91 aG22.4 8.75 aG33.2 5.40 aG33.3 7.55 aG33.4 5.96 aG44.2 7.91 aG44.3 5.37 abG44.4 4.72 c

Description: Values with different letters significantly (P <0.05).

Figure 1. Grafik Influence Blood Glucose Treatment of

Broiler Chickens.

Glucose found in the blood stream or blood sugar levels and serves as a provider of energy to all cells and tissues. Glycogen is stored in the liver and muscles as an energy reserve which at times can be converted back into glucose when needed. By order of the most rapidly absorbed are galactose, glucose and fructose (Hutagalung, 2004.). The decrease in average blood glucose results indicates that administration of palm sugar in water before transport can respond to heat stress during broiler chickens transportation. The results of the analysis of the effects of the use of anti-stress between the percentage of palm sugar in treatment of drinking water to the duration of transport showed no interaction (P>0.05) on the decline of blood glucose, but in single-use brown sugar in the drinking water significantly

(P<0.05) due to long transportation of broiler chickens (Figure 1). Hormones epinephrine secreted on the situation when the body is under stress or danger. Ration of carbohydrates consumed through drinking water or through excess body needs and then stored in the muscles as glycogen and the remaining hearts. Capacity is limited glycogen formation or maximum 350 mg / dl, and if in the form of glycogen accumulation has reached its limit, then the excess carbohydrate is converted into fat and stored as fat adipose (Hutagalung, 2004.). Normal blood glucose levels in chickens is 200-250 mg / dl (Austic and Nesheim, 1990). Palm sugar or brown sugar is an alternative to loss of electrolytes in the body and the physical condition of broiler stable avoid dehydration (Burhanuddin, 2005). The results of this study that the average magnitude was decrease in blood glucose low of 4.72 mg / dl from 159.26 mg / dl before declining transportation and be 154.54 mg / dl after transport, as well as the highest 8.75 mg / dl from 145.25 mg / dl before transport, and then decreased to 136.51 mg / dl after transport in fact is much lower than the results of previous studies. Decomposition reaction of glycogenolysis or glycogen produces glucose 6-phosphate, the 1-4 bond breaking or glycogen phosphorylase to produce glucose 1-phosphate. By catalyzed with the enzyme fosfo-glucomutase, glucose 6-phosphate can be formed from glucose 1-phosphate. Glucose 6-phosphate is converted into glucose by the enzyme phosphatase catalyzed, thus facilitating the diffusion of glucose from the blood into the cells cause an increase in blood glucose levels (May, 1999). Table 2. Effect of Treatment of Glycogen Graph Broiler Chickens. Results of analysis of variance (Figure 2) shows that the average glycogen broilers receiving drinking water containing sugar palm (Arenga pinata) (G2, G3, G4) had no significant effect (P> 0.05) to glycogen. Mean glycogen is from 120.27 to 130.34 mg / g. The difference in the percentage of palm sugar in water with long transport showed no interaction (P> 0.05) on glycogen levels in the blood (Figure 2). Provision of 2% palm sugar in drinking water is good enough to overcome the transport for 2 hours and up to 4 hours.

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Table 2. Test BNJ Treatment Effect Of Palm Sugar

Levels in the Blood Glycogen

Treatment Glycogen Significance0,05

………….(mg/g)……. G22.2 120.27 aG22.3 125.70 aG22.4 130.34 aG33.2 120.43 aG33.3 128.97 aG33.4 126.84 aG44.2 121.19 aG44.3 125.84 aG44.4 127.02 a

Description: Values with the same letter are not significantly different (P> 0.05).

Figure 2. Effect of Treatment of Glycogen Graph Broiler

Chickens.

During avian activity, primary energy for muscle contraction are glucose and fatty acids from the blood (Wirahadikusumash, 1985). If the muscles run out of the main energy source in the form of carbohydrate energy reserves in the form of glycogen or intramuscular muscle glycogen utilized. Muscle glycogen is useful as an indicator to evaluate the fatigue or stress on livestock. Plasma glucose is one that is commonly used as an indicator of physiological stress in transportation. The stress of transport has been reported cause an increase in plasma glucose concentrations because the liver glycogen breakdown (Kannan et al., 2000). Increased plasma concentrations of glucose mainly because glycolysis is associated with increased of catecholamines and glucocorticoids released during stress transport (Tadich et al., 2005). Glycogen is formed through trajectory glycogenesis then stored in the liver and in the

muscles, is used as a fuel reserve and outlined through the process of glycogenolysis. On the condition of cattle are stressed, circular system can not carry oxygen and glucose into skeletal muscle at speeds sufficient to meet the needs of such a high muscle to ATP, in the circumstances described glycogen quickly through the process of glycolysis to form lactic acid and ATP as an energy source high (Lehninger, 1994; Aberle et al., 2001). CONCLUSIONS

Palm Sugar is a source of antioxidants that supplementation into pre-transport drinking water systems can reduce the stress level biosecurity of broilers after transport. Utilization of palm sugar in drinking water 2, 3 and 4 per cent to cope with changes to: blood glucose decreased from 5.37 to 11.13 mg / dL, and serves as an energy reserve or glycogen from 120.27 to 130.34 mg / g, when purposes of cell glucose increases followed the process glyconeolysis decreasing glycogen reserves in the liver and muscle of broiler chickens on a long transport 2, 3 and 4 hours. REFERENCES

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