Volume 4, Issue 8(1), August 2015 - UNUD

Volume 4, Issue 8(1), August 2015 International Journal of Multidisciplinary

Educational Research

Published by Sucharitha Publications 8-21-4,Saraswathi Nivas,Chinna Waltair Visakhapatnam – 530 017 Andhra Pradesh – India Email: [email protected] Website: www.ijmer.in

Editorial Board Editor-in-Chief Dr.K. Victor Babu Faculty, Department of Philosophy Andhra University – Visakhapatnam - 530 003 Andhra Pradesh – India

EDITORIAL BOARD MEMBERS Prof. S.Mahendra Dev Vice Chancellor Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research Mumbai Prof.Y.C. Simhadri Vice Chancellor, Patna University Former Director Institute of Constitutional and Parliamentary Studies, New Delhi & Formerly Vice Chancellor of Benaras Hindu University, Andhra University Nagarjuna University, Patna University Prof. (Dr.) Sohan Raj Tater Former Vice Chancellor Singhania University, Rajasthan Prof.K.Sreerama Murty Department of Economics Andhra University - Visakhapatnam Prof. K.R.Rajani Department of Philosophy Andhra University – Visakhapatnam Prof. P.D.Satya Paul Department of Anthropology Andhra University – Visakhapatnam Prof. Josef HÖCHTL Department of Political Economy University of Vienna, Vienna & Ex. Member of the Austrian Parliament Austria Prof. Alexander Chumakov Chair of Philosophy Russian Philosophical Society Moscow, Russia

Prof. Fidel Gutierrez Vivanco Founder and President Escuela Virtual de Asesoría Filosófica Lima Peru Prof. Igor Kondrashin The Member of The Russian Philosophical Society The Russian Humanist Society and Expert of The UNESCO, Moscow, Russia Dr. Zoran Vujisiæ Rector St. Gregory Nazianzen Orthodox Institute Universidad Rural de Guatemala, GT, U.S.A Prof.U.Shameem Department of Zoology Andhra University Visakhapatnam Dr. N.V.S.Suryanarayana Dept. of Education, A.U. Campus Vizianagaram Dr. Kameswara Sharma YVR Asst. Professor Dept. of Zoology Sri. Venkateswara College, Delhi University, Delhi I Ketut Donder Depasar State Institute of Hindu Dharma Indonesia Prof. Roger Wiemers Professor of Education Lipscomb University, Nashville, USA Dr.B.S.N.Murthy Department of Mechanical Engineering GITAM University –Visakhapatnam

N.Suryanarayana (Dhanam) Department of Philosophy Andhra University Visakhapatnam Dr.S.V Lakshmana Rao Coordinator A.P State Resource Center Visakhapatnam Dr.S.Kannan Department of History Annamalai University Annamalai Nagar, Chidambaram Dr. Barada Prasad Bhol Registrar, Purushottam Institute of Engineering & Technology Sundargarh, Odisha Dr.E. Ashok Kumar Department of Education North- Eastern Hill University, Shillong Dr.K.Chaitanya Department of Chemistry Nanjing University of Science and Technology People’s Republic of China Dr.Merina Islam Department of Philosophy Cachar College, Assam Dr. Bipasha Sinha S. S. Jalan Girls’ College University of Calcutta, Calcutta Dr. K. John Babu Department of Journalism & Mass Comm Central University of Kashmir, Kashmir

Dr.Ton Quang Cuong Dean of Faculty of Teacher Education University of Education, VNU, Hanoi Prof. Chanakya Kumar Department of Computer Science University of Pune,Pune Prof. Djordje Branko Vukelic Department for Production Engineering University of Novi Sad, Serbia Prof.Shobha V Huilgol Department of Pharmacology Off- Al- Ameen Medical College, Bijapur Prof.Joseph R.Jayakar Department of English GITAM University Hyderabad Prof.Francesco Massoni Department of Public Health Sciences University of Sapienza, Rome Prof.Mehsin Jabel Atteya Al-Mustansiriyah University College of Education Department of Mathematics, Iraq Prof. Ronato Sabalza Ballado Department of Mathematics University of Eastern Philippines, Philippines Dr.Senthur Velmurugan .V Librarian Kalasalingam University Krishnankovil Tamilnadu Dr.J.B.Chakravarthi Assistant Professor Department of Sahitya Rasthritya Sanskrit Vidyapeetha, Tirupati

© Editor-in-Chief, IJMER®

Typeset and Printed in India

www.ijmer.in

IJMER, Journal of Multidisciplinary Educational Research, concentrates on critical and creative research in multidisciplinary traditions. This journal seeks to promote original research and cultivate a fruitful dialogue between old and new thought.

C O N T E N T S

Volume 4 Issue 8(1) August 2015

S. No Page

No 1. Impacts of Community Participation in Village Tourism

Management: A Comparative Studies in Bali and Yogyakarta, Indonesia

I Ketut Putra Suarthana & I Nyoman Madiun

1

2. Study of Land use Change on Tourism area Using High Spatial Resolution of Remote Sensing Imagery

I Nyoman Sunarta, Made Sudiana Mahendra, A A. Suryawan Wiranatha & Syamsul Alam Paturusi

17

3. Examining the Online Destination Image of Rural Areas in Bali: Case Study Pemuteran Village

Made Sandhi Yuliarsa & Putu Sucita Yanthy

32

4. The Effect of Service Quality in International Airport I Gusti Ngurah Rai on Satisfaction, Image, Tourists Loyalty Who Visited Bali

Saroha Manullang, Komang Gde Bendesa

& Nyoman Darma Putra

46

5. Efforts of NGOs in Development of Sexually Exploited Women in South India

Kumudini Achchi

61

6. Solid Waste Management in Kerala: Problems and Prospects

Nithya N.R

78

7. Effectiveness of E-Learning Modules in Mathematics at the Higher Secondary Level

S. Leo Stanly

97

8. Exit Interviews and the Global Scenario Vasaka Sridevikiran

109

9. Relationship Between Hotel Companies and Travel Agencies: A Study from the Perspective of Service Intermediaries of Tourism Industry

Everil Jacklin Fernandes & M.Amulya

121

10. Promoting Health Education among Lactating Mother through Social Case Work Intervention

G.Malleswaramma

134

11. The Impact of Learning Management System (LMS) on EFL Student Performance in the Sultanate of Oman

Joshi Thomas & K. Pramila

142

12. Women's Movement: An Overview Jaibheem Dhargi

153

13. A Critical Review on Socio-Economic Study of Weavers in Hyderabad Karanatak

Sanjeev Kumar G Kudri & Jaikishan Thakur

158

14. Preliminary Studies on Structural Wood in Urban Systems

Syeda Qaseem Fatima, M.Rajashekhar & K.Vijaykumar

176

15. Status of Women and Role of Organizations in Women Empowerment in India

Jaibheem Dhargi

189

16. Diversity of Termite Fauna in Urban Systems Syeda Qaseem Fatima,

M.Rajashekhar & K.Vijaykumar

195

17. Dual-Redundancy Anti-Skid Braking System with Passage Organization Technique in Aircraft

Ganesh Mohanrao Dhonde

201

18. A Study on Executive Training with Reference to Airport Authority of India (AAI) and Electronic Corporation of India (ECIL)

Nagaraju Battu & Ch.Yadagiri

210

19. Workforce Diversity Dimensions and Its Impact on Pharmaceutical Companies

P.Jayasudha & G.Manchala

224

20. Management of Executive Stress K. John & N Jayalakshmi

241

21. Babasaheb Dr.B.R.Ambedkar and Institutional Establishment for Social, Political and Economic Rights

Surya Raju Mattimalla

255

Dr. K. VICTOR BABU M.A.,M.A.,M.Phil.,Ph.D.,PDF, (D.Lit)

Faculty of Philosophy and Religious Studies & Editor-in-Chief International Journal of Multidisciplinary Educational Research (IJMER) & Sucharitha: A Journal of Philosophy and Religion Andhra University, Visakhapatnam Pin - 530 003 , Andhra Pradesh – India

ISSN : 2277 – 7881 Impact Factor :2.972(2015)

Index Copernicus Value: 5.16

Editorial……

You will be happy to know that we have entered the fourth year of publication of IJMER, since its inception in April 2012. Focusing on many interdisciplinary subjects, the published papers are spreading the knowledge with fervent hope of upholding the holistic approach. With all my heart, I reiterate to echo my sincere feelings and express my profound thanks to each and every valued contributor. This journal continues to nurture and enhance the capabilities of one and all associated with it.

We as a team with relentless efforts are committed to inspire the readers and achieve further progress. Aim is to sustain the tempo and improve. We acknowledge with pleasure that our readers are enjoying the publications of Sucharita Publishers. We solicit to receive ideas and comments for future improvements in its content and quality. Editor –in-Chief explicitly conveys his gratitude to all the Editorial Board members. Your support is our motivation. Best wishes to everyone.

Dr.K.Victor Babu

Editor-in-Chief

SOCIAL SCIENCES, HUMANITIES, COMMERCE & MANAGEMENT, ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, MEDICINE, SCIENCES, ART & DEVELOPMENT STUDIES, LAW

www.ijmer.in

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MULTIDISCIPLINARY EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH

ISSN : 2277-7881; IMPACT FACTOR - 2.972; IC VALUE:5.16; ISI VALUE:2.286 VOLUME 4, ISSUE 8(1), AUGUST 2015

EXAMINING THE ONLINE DESTINATION IMAGE OF RURAL AREAS IN BALI: CASE STUDY PEMUTERAN VILLAGE

Made Sandhi Yuliarsa Udayana University

Bali, Indonesia

Putu Sucita Yanthy Udayana University

Bali,Indonesia

Introduction

Nowadays, tourism is considered as one of the most popular activities that has a significant impact on the socio-economic development of a country especially in many rural destinations (Fun, Chiun, Songan and Nair, 2014). Jaafar, Rasoolimanesh and Lonik (2015) stated that rural revitalization and development can be achieved with the aid of the rural tourism.Although rural tourism is considered

as a small-scale activity and an alternative to mass tourism, it is believed that the development of rural tourism could bring several advantages to the local community in terms of economic growth as well as increasing standards of livings (Nunkoo and Grusoy, 2012 cited in Jaafar, Rasoolimanesh and Lonik, 2015). Because of these benefits to the local community and increasing popularity of many rural destinations, therefore, it is important to be able to convey a positive destination image of a rural area as a mean of informing and marketing effort.

The image of destination is important since it can be used to construct individual’s perception of a destination that influence the process of decision making to visit and re-visit (Cooper, 2012). At present, there has been an increase in the use of the internet as a marketing tool to develop an online destination image. It is believed that an online destination image can be utilized as a powerful tool for

managing and promoting a destination (Zhou, 2014).

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An online marketing tool to promote tourism in Indonesia is also being implemented by the Indonesian government through its tourism ministry. The online marketing strategy to promote Indonesia’s tourism is reflected in the coordination meeting of National Tourism Strategy 2015 held in Jakarta, where the focus of the meeting is on online and offline branding and promotion as part of Indonesia tourism marketing strategy (Hutabarat, 2014). The online promotional tools to promote tourism in Indonesia include mobile application, digital

campaign, interactive campaign, social media, online advertising, and e-newsletter in order to be able to create creative and innovative promotional contents and to build an interactive communication among the internet communities to get an insight about a destination through a testimony posted on the social media platform (Hutabarat, 2014).

While there have been many researches on online destination images, however, currently only few studies focuses on online rural destination images (Zhou, 2014). Because of this reason, therefore, there is a need to conduct more research on this topic. This topic is also important because an online destination image could also be used to link the representations of rural characteristics with the rural destination marketing.Additionally, an urgent need of development of online rural destination image studies is also triggered by an increase in popularity of rural destination among travelers (Dwivedi, Yadav dan

Patel, 2009). Therefore, this study is going to focus the online destination image of Pemuteran village as one of the rural destinations in Bali and to identify area for improvement to make better destination image.Pemuteran village located around 50 km west of Singaraja regency with Pemuteran beach as the main attraction of Pemuteran Village (Dinas Kebudayaan & Pariwisata Pemkab Buleleng, 2013).

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Methodology

The aim of this study is to examine the destination image of rural area in Pemuteran village Bali as one of the alternative form of tourism that its popularity has been increasing. Because of the nature of the research topic, therefore the qualitative approach is adopted in this study. The data collection is performed using an online search through the internet. In the tourism research, an internet search is a common data collection method which includes searching through website, online reviews, blogs, online forums and social media (Jani and Hwang, 2011, Son, 2011, Tse and Zang, 2013 and Xiang and Gretzel, 2010 cited

in Zhou, 2014).

For the purpose of this research, the data collection process is collected through an online search using Google as the main search tool.All the collected dataare categorized into three main categories include the government and travel information site, newspaper and consumer opinions to identify the projected image of Pemuteran village as one of the tourism destinations in Bali. The government data are all the data available from the official government website and official Indonesia tourism website. Travel information data are all the information from travel information website likes the lonely planet.

Government and travel site tend to provide all the information to persuade the potential tourist to visit, so this category is an induced source (Dwivedi, 2009). The second category which is the newspaper is an autonomous or independent sources, whereas the consumer opinion is an organic source of information where travelers share their travel experiences in the form of storytelling, so that other potential tourist could gain an insight about the destination (Dwivedi, et al., 2009).

The qualitative data analysis is performed using Nvivo 10 as the qualitative analysis software. In qualitative research, there are ten types of text analysis that can be used to analyze all the data gathered.

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In this research, qualitative content analysis is implemented where the main focus of this type of analysis is on the text content or contextual meaning constructed by the characteristics of the language (Tesch, 1990 and Hsiu-Fang and Shannon, 2005 cited in Wahyuni, 2015). Webber (1990 cited in Wahyuni, 2015) stated that qualitative content analysis is not only about counting words but it is more related on the process of examining and classifying extensive range of words into categories that has the same meaning. The qualitative content analysis

used in this research is the directed approach where the process of analysis is guided by a relevant theory or from previous research result to answer the research questions (Wahyuni, 2015).

All the post in regards to Pemuteran village were analyzed using the destination image dimensions proposed by Beerli and Martin (2004), who classified the factors influencing the image assessments by travelers into nine dimensions (Table 1). The dimensions include natural resources; general infrastructure; tourist infrastructure; tourist leisure and recreation; culture, history and art; political and economic factors; natural environment; social environment; and atmosphere of the place (Beerli and Martin, 2004).

Table 1. Dimensions/Attributes Determining the Perceived Destination Image

Natural Resources General Infrastructure Tourist Infrastructure

Weather Temperature

Rainfall Humidity

Hours of sunshine Beaches

Quality of seawater Sandy or rocky beaches Length of the beaches

Overcrowding of beaches

Development and quality of roads, airports and

ports Private and public transport facilities

Development of health services

Development of telecommunications

Development of commercial

Hotel and self-catering accommodation Number of beds

Categories Quality

Restaurants Number

Categories Quality

Bars, discotheques and clubs

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Wealth of countryside Protected nature

reserves Lakes, mountains,

deserts, etc Variety and uniqueness

of flora and fauna

infrastructures Extent of building

development

Ease of access to destination

Excursions at the destination

Tourist centers Network of tourist

information Tourist Leisure and

Recreation Culture, History and

Art Political and

Economic Factors Themes parks

Entertainment and sports activities

Golf, fishing, hunting, skiing, scuba diving,

etc Water parks

Zoos Trekking

Adventure activities Casinos

Night life Shopping

Museums, historical buildings, monuments,

etc Festival, concerts, etc

Handicraft Gastronomy

Folklore Religion

Customs and ways of life

Political stability Political tendencies

Economic development Safety

Crime rate Terrorist attacks

Prices

Natural Environment

Social Environment Atmosphere of the Place

Beauty of the scenery Attractiveness of the

cities and towns Cleanliness

Overcrowding Air and noise pollution

Traffic congestion

Hospitality and friendliness of the local

residents Under privilege and

poverty Quality of life

Language barriers

Luxurious Fashionable

Place with a good reputation

Family-oriented destination

Exotic Mystic

Relaxing Stressful

Fun, enjoyable Pleasant Boring

Attractive or interesting Source: Beerli and Martin, 2004, p. 659

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Discussion

Firstly, all the information in the form of words and phrases that have been gathered from online sources like twitter, online news article, online travel information and government owned website were analyzed by creating a frequency table based on the number of occurrence in the article found online. Cakmak and Isaac (2012) stated that the words frequency table can be used to understand all the words used to portray many destination attributes of the destination like attraction, accommodation, transportation, people, feelings and experiences. The words frequency table in showed in Table 2 of study is

completed using the word queries function in Nvivo 10 as the tools of qualitative data analysis.

Table 2. The most frequently used words and phrase

No Words Count No Words Count

1 Pemuteran 643 20 Sea 37

2 Bali 556 21 Snorkeling 52

3 Rural 115 22 Garden 50

4 Temple 120 23 Resort 30

5 Indonesia 87 24 Water 29

6 Travel 137 25 Districts 26

7 Reef 187 26 Activity 25

8 Biorock 66 27 Singaraja 25

9 Buleleng 65 28 #bali 23

10 Beach 127 29 Places 23

11 Diving 54 30 Community 22

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12 Underwater 53 31 World 22

13 Village 53 32 Review 21

14 Hotel 92 33 Tourist 21

15 Tourism 80 34 Agung 20

16 Coral 43 35 Dive 20

17 Menjangan 39 36 Gerokgak 20

18 Area 38 37 Fish 20

19 Island 57 38 Bay 19

According the frequency table in Table 2, it can be seen that all the information gathered online contain Pemuteran and Bali as the most used word. The table also reveals that Pemuteran is located in the rural

area since the third most frequently used word is rural. Interestingly, the word temple has been mentioned repeatedly as well in many sources that indicate the main tourist attraction located in Pemuteran village. This situation is in accordance with many online travel information site that provide thorough information in regards to the existence of underwater temple garden. For example, the information related to the underwater temple is mentioned in the Indonesian government travel information site Wonderful Indonesia (Wonderful Indonesia, 2013).

In order to answer the research question proposed in this study which is to examine the online destination image of rural areas in Bali, therefore, the nine destination image dimension or attribute proposed by Beerli and Martin (2004) is used. The first attribute is the natural

resources like the weather, beaches and mountains that attract potential tourist to visit a tourist destination. The main attraction of Pemuteran village other than the location that located in the rural area

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is the beach area with its beautiful coral reef. The main selling point that the local government tried to reveal can be summarized as follow:

The beach in this area contains beautiful coral reef which is good for diving and snorkeling activity. Besides the visitors can also enjoy the

wonderful sunset that is backed by Semeru mountain in East Java. Some good accommodations, clinic and restaurants can be found around this area(Dinas Kebudayaan & Pariwisata Pemkab Buleleng, 2013).

In the same way, the online travel information site described Pemuteran village as a peaceful fishing village that has been developed carefully so that once the tourist have made the trip once, they tend to return again (FrommerMedia, 2015). The Frommer Media (2015) also

portrayed the destination as a large bay that has no nightlife, no hawkers on the beach and no jet skis. Pemuteran village is just a good place to swim and to dive. The most important natural resources attribute from the point of view of consumer that might attract potential tourist to visit is the Biorock project as part of the protected nature reserve sub-attribute. The main purpose of this project is to rebuild and preserve the coral reef in Pemuteran beach where this project could be found in Taman Sari Hotel (TripAdvisor, 2015). Based on the discussion regarding the natural resource, therefore, it can be said that the three sources provide the similar information about the Pemuteran village with the beach and coral reef as the main attraction.

The second and third dimension is the general and ttourist infrastructure. According to Beerli and Martin (2014), an increase in

the attractiveness of a destination could be resulted from a well-developed general infrastructure of that destination that could support the tourism activities. From the search result from the government website the only information that could be gained was the approximate time to travel to Pemuteran from Denpasar that might require three to

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four hours of driving by a rented car (Wonderful Indonesia, 2013). However, the newspapers emphasize on the condition of the road infrastructure where there are many damaged road in Pemuteran village. In addition, many roads leading to the house of the local community that are still very narrow even though many of the houses started to become a homestay (Bali Post, 2012).The other problem is the scarcity of clean water, where the local residents and tourism stakeholder exploited ground water to fulfil their daily water needs.

This situation will lead to reduced ground water reserves (BaliPost, 2012).

Furthermore, the online travel guide and consumer sources have shown transportation as the main problem to get to the destination where there are lack of public transport availability and the price to rent a car with driver relatively high (TravelFish, 2011). Moreover, the three sources maintain a complete list of accommodation available in Pemuteran village. Accoding to Bali Discovery (2015), there are 18 homestay and bungalows, 10 hotel-resorts and spas, 5 villas, 20 restaurants and warung (small local restaurant), and 14 diving operators. From this discussion, it can be seen that the general and tourist infrastructure in Pemuteran village needs to be improved

especially related to the condition of the road.

The fourth and fifth dimension are tourist, leisure and recreation and culture, history and art. For these two dimensions, all the three sources deliver similar information in regard to tourist activates that can be done which include snorkeling, diving and learn about the reef conservation program. However, the next two dimension which are the political and economic factors of the destination and social environment dimension were not discussed since there were no data found in any of the available online sources for this study. Therefore, this might provide an opportunity for further research by incorporating this dimension. The next dimension are the natural environment and

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atmosphere of the place. Based on the data gathered from an online newspaper, it was stated the atmosphere in Pemuteran village is very quiet, therefore it could lead to another type of tourism which is spiritual tourism (Muhjir, 2013).However, one of the online travel sources found that there are many rubbish floating on the water that come and go depending on the currents. The rubbish problem stated in the online travel information site is as followed:

“While you will see a lot of fish at both Pemuteran and Menjangan,

you'll all too often see the dreaded "plastic bag fish". It's known for its distinctive coloring, often reading mie goreng. On our first day of snorkeling at Pemuteran, the amount of rubbish floating on the water was amazing. According to locals it comes and goes depending on the

currents and while a concerted effort is made to remove it on a daily basis, it just keeps coming. So keep your fingers crossed for an offshore breeze when you arrive!” (Travel Fish, 2011)

Based on the discussion above, therefore, there is an urgent need to solve the floating rubbish problem since it could lead to bad perception of the destination so it will damage the image of Pemuteran village. Table 3 provide the summary of the dimension and attribute for Pemuteran village’s destination image. All the dimensions and attributes need to be considered by tourism stakeholder in order to

maintain destination attractiveness.

Table. 3 Dimensions and attribute for Pemuteran village’s destination image

Dimensions Government/Online Travel Information

Online Newspapers

Consumer data

Natural Resources Beach Rural area

Beautiful coral reef

Beach Rural area Beautiful coral reef

Beach Rural area

Biorock project to preserve the coral

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reef General/Tourist Infrastructure

Accommodation Lack of public

transport

Damaged road

Narrow road Water

scarcity

Lack of public

transport Expensive rented car

Tourist Leisure and Recreation&Culture,

History and Art

Snorkeling Diving

Learning about Bio-Rock program

Snorkeling Diving

Learning about Bio-

Rock program

Snorkeling Diving

Learning about Bio-

Rock program

Natural Environmentand

Atmosphere of the Place

Amazing coral reef Floating rubbish

Amazing coral reef

Quite environment

Spiritual tourism

Amazing coral reef

Relax atmosphere

Source: Adapted from Beerli and Martin, 2004

Conclusion

Pemuteran village is considered as one of the alternative tourism destination in the form of rural tourism where the main attraction of this destination is the beach with its beautiful underwater coral reef. Although Pemuteran village is known for its success in implementing Biorock project to heal and preserve the coral reef in that area, however there are some problems that require urgent attention especially by the policy makers in order to sustain the success and the online image of Pemuteran village as an alternative destination. The most critical problem is related with the general and tourist infrastructure dimension where many road are damaged and too narrow. Another problem that need to be solved immediately is the water scarcity as well as the availability of public transport to get to the destination, so that Pemuteran village could remain competitive that will lead to sustainable economic growth. Amid all of the problems, there is an

opportunity for the policy makers to promote spiritual tourism in

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Pemuteran village, the reason for this is because the quiet, peaceful and relax atmosphere of Pemuteran village.

Limitation

This study and its findings have several limitations. While this research focuses on examining the online destination image of rural area in Bali, it only examining one rural destination which is Pemuteran village, so the findings of this study could not be generalized. Therefore, there is an opportunity to include other rural destinations. The second limitation is the consumer source of information used in this research only included twitter and it did not

take into consideration any other microblog like the facebook or any travel forums where many discussion regarding a destination happened. Consequently, it is expected that customer comment on the facebook and travel forums could be incorporated for the further study.

References

1. Bali Discovery, 2015. Building sustainable tourism communities: The success story of community-based tourism development in the North Bali Village of Pemuteran. Available from: <http://ww w.balidiscovery.com/messages/message.asp?Id=11541>. [16 Jun 2015].

2. BaliPost, 2012. Pemuteran jadi wisata kerakyatan: Warga local antusias, jalan masih rusak. Available from: <https://www .faceb ook .com/balipost/posts/403539769712670?stream_ref=5>. [10 Jun 2015].

3. Beerli, A. and Martin, J. D. Factors influencing destination image. Annals of Tourism Research. Vol. 31. No. 3. Pp. 657-681.

4. Cakmak, E. and Isaac, R. K. 2012. What destination marketers can learn from their visitors’ blogs: An image analysis of Bethlehem,

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Palestine. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management. Vol. 1. Pp. 124-133.

5. Cooper, C. 2012. Essentials of Tourism, England: Pearson Education Limited.

6. Dinas Kebudayaan & Pariwisata Pemkab Buleleng, 2013. Place of Interest. Available from: <http://disbud par.bulelen gkab .go. id/index.php?sik=profil&bid=1414378085>. [5 June 2015].

7. Dwivedi, M. 2009. Online destination image of India: a consumer based perspective. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management. Vol. 21. No. 2. Pp. 226-232.

8. Dwivedi, M., Yadav, A., and Patel, V. R. 2009. The online destination image of Goa. Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes. Vol. 1. No 1. Pp. 25-39.

9. Fun, F. S., Chiun, L. M., Songan, P., and Nair., V. 2014. The impact of local communities’ involvement and relationship quality on sustainable rural tourism in rural area, Sarawak: The moderating impact of self-efficacy. 5th Asia Euro Conference. Vol. 144. pp. 60-65.

10. Hutabarat, A. 2014. Strategi Nasional Pemasaran Pariwisata 2015.

Available from: <http://traveltourismindonesia.com/strategi-nasio nal-pe masaran-pariwisata-2015.html>. [5 June 2015].

11. Jaafar, M., Rasoolimanesh, S. M., and Lonik, K. A. T. 2015. Tourism growth and entrepreneurship: Empirical analysis of development of rural highlands. Tourism Management Perspectives. Vol. 14. Pp. 17-24.

12. Muhaji, A., 2013. Enjoying the quite, exotic Pemuteran in Bali’s north. Available from: <http://www.thebalidaily.com/2013-12-

20/enjoying-quiet-exotic-pemuteran-bali-s-north.html>. [20 Jun 2015].

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13. TravelFish, 2011. Pemuteran: Travel Guide. Available from: <http://www.travelfish.org/location/indonesia/bali/bali/pemuteran>. [15 Jun 2015].

14. TripAdvisor, 2015. Pemuteran traveler article: Pemuteran

Background. Available from: <http://www.tripadvisor.com/Travel-g608493-s2/Pemuteran:Bali:Background.html>. [ 10 Jun 2015].

15. Wahyuni, S. 2015. Qualitative Research Method: Theory and Practice. 2nd edn. Indonesia: Penerbit Salemba Empat.

16. Wonderful Indonesia, 2013. The serene Pemuteran Beach and its phenomenal underwater temple. Available from: <http://www.in

donesia.travel/en/destination/747/the-serene-pemuteran-beach-and-its-phenomenal-underwater-temple>. [6 Jun 2015].

17. Zhou, L. 2014. Online rural destination image: Tourism and rurality. Journal of Destination Marketing and Management. Vol. 3. No. 4. Pp. 227-240.

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Documents

Volume 4, Issue 8(1), August 2015 - UNUD