vocabulary practiceFor more practice, go to the Vocabulary Center at ClassZone.com.

76 unit 1: early american writing

word listcauterize embody ingratiateinundatelocomotiontarry

Vocabulary in Contextvocabulary practice

Choose the word that is not related in meaning to the other words.

1. (a) transit, (b) locomotion, (c) movement, (d) connection 2. (a) inane, (b) incompetent, (c) ingratiate, (d) inept 3. (a) deluge, (b) inundate, (c) wind, (d) overwhelm 4. (a) cauterize, (b) sear, (c) singe, (d) weep 5. (a) obtain, (b) dawdle, (c) tarry, (d) linger 6. (a) embody, (b) personify, (c) actualize, (d) construct

vocabulary in writingHow do you suppose Cabeza de Vaca’s men looked to the Karankawas when they first met? Write a brief description of the crew from the Karankawas’ point of view. Include two or more vocabulary words. You could start like this.

example sentence

The strangers on shore seemed to embody pure misery.

vocabulary strategy: etymologies The etymology of a word, or its origin and history, can provide insight into the word’s meaning. Information about a word’s etymology will often appear near the beginning or end of a dictionary entry, as in the following example:

cau•ter•ize (kôPtE-rFzQ) tr.v. -ized, -iz•ing, -iz•es 1. To burn or sear with acautery. 2. To deaden, as to feelings or moral scruples. [Middle English cauterizen,from Late Latin cauterizare, to cauterize, brand, from Latin cauterium, cautery.]—cau•ter•i•za•tion (-tEr-G-zAPshEn) n.

PRACTICE Use a dictionary to answer these questions.

1. From what language did oratorio enter English? 2. From which Greek word is cynosure derived? What is the word’s current

meaning? 3. What is the origin of the word malaprop? 4. Through which languages can the history of querulous be traced?

SUNSHINE STATE STANDARDReading ProcessBenchmark LA.1112.1.6.10 Determine meanings of words, pronunciation, parts of speech, etymologies, and alternate word choices by using a dictionary, thesaurus, and digital tools.

FL_L11PE-u01s21-arRelacio n.indd76 76 1/30/08 5:31:02 PM

writing toolsFor prewriting, revision, and editing tools, visit the Writing Center at ClassZone.com.

la relación 77

Reading-Writing Connection

grammar and styleADD NECESSARY DETAILS Review the Grammar and Style note on page 74. Cabeza de Vaca uses numerous details throughout his account to help readers visualize his amazing journey. Prepositional phrases include details about what happens, as well as where, when, and how. Read this example from La Relación:

A single roll of the sea tossed the rest of the men into the rushing surf and back onto shore half-drowned. (lines 63–64)

PRACTICE Rewrite each sentence, adding prepositional phrases that modify the boldfaced words. Follow the directions in parentheses. An example has been done for you.

example

The barges, filled with half-starved men, drifted for days. (Tell where they drifted.)The barges, filled with half-starved men, drifted on the stormy seas for days.

1. They told us they would return and bring us food. (Tell when they will return.)

2. We traveled through the woods to the village. (Add two phrases. Tell how long they traveled and where the village was located.)

3. We waited anxiously for news. (Tell what kind of news was expected.)

A successful journal entry will . . .• be written in the first person,

using the pronouns I and me• clearly recount a specific event

or moment in the writer’s exploration

• vividly describe the surround-ings, people, or events influenc-ing the moment

• reveal the writer’s reactions to the experience or event

EXPLORER’S ACCOUNT Explorers often keep journals to record their experiences. These accounts—from the historical writings of Lewis and Clark to the reports of a modern astronaut—describe what the explorers see, when events on their journey occur, and how the writers are changed by their experiences. Write a two-to-four-paragraph journal entry to describe an interesting moment in an exploration. Your journey can be real or fictional, physical or mental—a trip to a new town or a new galaxy, a trek across the desert or the race to a new invention. Be sure to share your reactions to it.

writing prompt self-check

SUNSHINE STATE STANDARDWriting ProcessBenchmark LA.1112.3.3.3 Creating precision and interest by elaborating ideas through supporting details. . . .

FL_L11PE-u01s21-arRelacio n.indd77 77 1/30/08 5:31:04 PM

differentiated instruction

answersVocabulary in Contextvocabulary practice 1. (d) connection 4. (d) weep 2. (c) ingratiate 5. (a) obtain 3. (c) wind 6. (d) construct

RESOURCE MANAGER—Copy MasterVocabulary Practice p. 108

vocabulary in writingHave students review lines 4–9, 41–47, and 51–52. Urge them to recall the condition of Cabeza de Vaca and his men and how the Karankawas reacted to them. These details will help students infer how the Karankawas might have described the Spanish conquis-tadors.

vocabulary strategy: etymologies (also an EL language objective)• Explain to students that etymologies can

help them recognize related words and therefore figure out their meanings.

• Note that students’ answers may vary slightly based on the dictionary they use.

Possible answers: 1. Italian 2. kunosoura, meaning “dog’s tail”; “focal

point or center of attention” 3. The word comes from the name of a char-

acter, Mrs. Malaprop, who misuses words in Richard Brinsley Sheridan’s 18th-century play The Rivals.

4. Latin, Old French, and Middle English

RESOURCE MANAGER—Copy MasterVocabulary Strategy p. 109

Vocabulary Center at ClassZone.comAdditional Vocabulary Activities

for advanced learners/apVocabulary Strategy Have pairs select five words from Cabeza de Vaca’s account and research each word’s etymology. Then have them use the five words in a paragraph about some aspect of the report. Have pairs share their etymologies and paragraphs with the class.

76 unit 1: early american writing

vocabulary practiceFor more practice, go to the Vocabulary Center at ClassZone.com.

76 unit 1: early american writing

word listcauterize embody ingratiateinundatelocomotiontarry

Vocabulary in Contextvocabulary practice

Choose the word that is not related in meaning to the other words.

1. (a) transit, (b) locomotion, (c) movement, (d) connection 2. (a) inane, (b) incompetent, (c) ingratiate, (d) inept 3. (a) deluge, (b) inundate, (c) wind, (d) overwhelm 4. (a) cauterize, (b) sear, (c) singe, (d) weep 5. (a) obtain, (b) dawdle, (c) tarry, (d) linger 6. (a) embody, (b) personify, (c) actualize, (d) construct

vocabulary in writingHow do you suppose Cabeza de Vaca’s men looked to the Karankawas when they first met? Write a brief description of the crew from the Karankawas’ point of view. Include two or more vocabulary words. You could start like this.

example sentence

The strangers on shore seemed to embody pure misery.

vocabulary strategy: etymologies The etymology of a word, or its origin and history, can provide insight into the word’s meaning. Information about a word’s etymology will often appear near the beginning or end of a dictionary entry, as in the following example:

cau•ter•ize (kôPtE-rFzQ) tr.v. -ized, -iz•ing, -iz•es 1. To burn or sear with acautery. 2. To deaden, as to feelings or moral scruples. [Middle English cauterizen,from Late Latin cauterizare, to cauterize, brand, from Latin cauterium, cautery.]—cau•ter•i•za•tion (-tEr-G-zAPshEn) n.

PRACTICE Use a dictionary to answer these questions.

1. From what language did oratorio enter English? 2. From which Greek word is cynosure derived? What is the word’s current

meaning? 3. What is the origin of the word malaprop? 4. Through which languages can the history of querulous be traced?

SUNSHINE STATE STANDARDReading ProcessBenchmark LA.1112.1.6.10 Determine meanings of words, pronunciation, parts of speech, etymologies, and alternate word choices by using a dictionary, thesaurus, and digital tools.

FL_L11PE-u01s21-arRelacio n.indd76 76 1/30/08 5:31:02 PM

writing toolsFor prewriting, revision, and editing tools, visit the Writing Center at ClassZone.com.

la relación 77

Reading-Writing Connection

grammar and styleADD NECESSARY DETAILS Review the Grammar and Style note on page 74. Cabeza de Vaca uses numerous details throughout his account to help readers visualize his amazing journey. Prepositional phrases include details about what happens, as well as where, when, and how. Read this example from La Relación:

A single roll of the sea tossed the rest of the men into the rushing surf and back onto shore half-drowned. (lines 63–64)

PRACTICE Rewrite each sentence, adding prepositional phrases that modify the boldfaced words. Follow the directions in parentheses. An example has been done for you.

example

The barges, filled with half-starved men, drifted for days. (Tell where they drifted.)The barges, filled with half-starved men, drifted on the stormy seas for days.

1. They told us they would return and bring us food. (Tell when they will return.)

2. We traveled through the woods to the village. (Add two phrases. Tell how long they traveled and where the village was located.)

3. We waited anxiously for news. (Tell what kind of news was expected.)

A successful journal entry will . . .• be written in the first person,

using the pronouns I and me• clearly recount a specific event

or moment in the writer’s exploration

• vividly describe the surround-ings, people, or events influenc-ing the moment

• reveal the writer’s reactions to the experience or event

EXPLORER’S ACCOUNT Explorers often keep journals to record their experiences. These accounts—from the historical writings of Lewis and Clark to the reports of a modern astronaut—describe what the explorers see, when events on their journey occur, and how the writers are changed by their experiences. Write a two-to-four-paragraph journal entry to describe an interesting moment in an exploration. Your journey can be real or fictional, physical or mental—a trip to a new town or a new galaxy, a trek across the desert or the race to a new invention. Be sure to share your reactions to it.

writing prompt self-check

SUNSHINE STATE STANDARDWriting ProcessBenchmark LA.1112.3.3.3 Creating precision and interest by elaborating ideas through supporting details. . . .

FL_L11PE-u01s21-arRelacio n.indd77 77 1/30/08 5:31:04 PM

Reading-Writing Connectionwriting promptEncourage students to use a Sensory Notes organizer to help them record vivid and meaningful descriptions that they have either experienced or imagined.

BEST PRACTICES TOOLKIT—TransparencySensory Notes p. B9

For writing support, see Writing Center at ClassZone.com

grammar and styleRemind students that a prepositional phrase begins with a preposition (such as of, on, in, against, and for) and includes the object of the preposition and any words that modify the object. It does not include a verb. For more on adding details with prepositional phrases, see Grammar Handbook, page R65.Possible answers: 1. They told us they would return in the

morning and bring us food. 2. We traveled for three hours through the

woods to the village in their territory. 3. We waited anxiously for news about the

missing men.

RESOURCE MANAGER—Copy MasterAdd Necessary Details p. 112

Assess and ReteachAssess

RESOURCE MANAGER—Copy MastersSelection Test A pp. 113–114Selection Test B/C pp. 115–116

Test Generator CD

Reteach

STANDARDS LESSON FILEResearch Lesson 5: Using Primary SourcesVocabulary Lesson 25: Etymologies

for less–proficient writersWriting Support• Help students get started by asking, When

did you experience this moment? What were you exploring?

• Work with students to translate several details from their Sensory Notes organizer into sentences that describe their journey.

• Limit the length of the assignment to two paragraphs.

la relación 77