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WO
CA
2015
–Pl
enar
y Se
ssio
n –
May
5th
Asia
n C
oal A
sh
Asso
ciat
ion
ITIB
MI
Coa
l Ash
Sol
utio
ns
IT
IB
MI
Institute
ofTechnical
InformationBuildingMaterials
In
du
st
ry
2015
Wo
rld
of
Co
al A
sh (
WO
CA
) C
on
fere
nce
in N
asvh
ille,
TN
- M
ay 5
-7, 2
015
htt
p:/
/ww
w.f
lyas
h.in
fo/
Cont
ents
Supp
ly &
D
eman
d vs
Geo
grap
hy
Inte
rnat
iona
l Tr
ade
•C
halle
nges
: •
Supp
ly/D
eman
d•
Logi
stic
s in
frast
ruct
ure
•Tr
ansp
ort c
osts
•Q
ualit
y•
Solu
tion:
•En
gage
men
t
Sum
mar
y
Supp
ly a
nd D
eman
d vs
Geo
grap
hy
•U
neve
n ur
ban
deve
lopm
ent
•Pr
oduc
tion
shift
ed fu
rther
wes
t:•
Clo
ser t
o co
al re
sour
ces
•Fu
rther
from
key
met
ropo
litan
ce
nter
s•
Fly
ash
surp
lus:
200
-300
milli
on to
ns/y
r•
With
out g
ame
chan
ging
sol
utio
n w
ill co
ntin
ue fo
r at l
east
20-
30 y
ears
3
Yang
tze
Riv
er D
elta
Pear
l Riv
er D
eltaB
ohai
Rim
Bei
jing
Tian
jin
Shan
ghai
Che
ngdu Cho
ngqi
ngW
uhan
Gua
ngzh
ou
Xian
Shuo
zhou
85-1
05%
30-8
0%<3
0%
Util
isat
ion
rate
s
Inte
rnat
iona
l tra
de
Incr
ease
d in
tere
st in
impo
rting
Chi
nese
fly
ash
from
:•
US
•Au
stra
lia•
Mid
dle
East
•
Viet
nam
–Ap
ril 2
015:
DPM
agr
eed
to a
llow
Ngh
iSon
Cem
ent
to p
ilot i
mpo
rt ov
er th
e 20
15-1
6 pe
riod.
Driv
ers
•D
iver
sify
sup
ply
chai
n•
Posi
tion
in th
e m
arke
tSt
rate
gic
•U
se a
s ne
gotia
ting
leve
rage
in d
ealin
g w
ith d
omin
ant s
uppl
iers
Tact
ical
•Lo
w/d
imin
ishi
ng s
uppl
ies
•R
educ
tion
in c
oal p
ower
pro
duct
ion
•Ar
tific
ial b
arrie
rs•
Thre
aten
s pr
ofita
bilit
y/ex
iste
nce
of
som
e st
akeh
olde
rs
Exis
tent
ial
Res
earc
h
C
AS p
rimar
y re
sear
ch:
Fl
y as
h su
pplie
rs
Mat
eria
l cha
ract
eris
tics
Lo
gist
ics
Pr
ojec
ted
deliv
ered
cos
ts to
Aus
tralia
, USA
and
M
iddl
e Ea
st
Opp
ortu
nitie
s
A
num
ber o
f opp
ortu
nitie
s to
incr
ease
ex
ports
of c
emen
t gra
de fl
y as
h.
Supp
ort f
rom
pot
entia
l su
pplie
rs/g
over
nmen
ts
Lega
l and
ope
ratin
g en
viro
nmen
t gre
atly
im
prov
ed
Chal
leng
e: S
uppl
y/D
eman
d
H
ow d
o im
porte
rs o
f Chi
nese
ash
:
Secu
re u
nallo
cate
d re
sour
ce?
En
sure
long
-term
sup
ply
stab
ility?
En
sure
long
-term
pric
e st
abilit
y?St
rate
gic
Con
tract
ual
Tact
ical
Dem
and
high
in c
oast
al re
gion
s C
ompe
titio
n =
high
er m
ater
ial p
rices
Chal
leng
e:Lo
gist
ics
Infr
astr
uctu
re
•Tr
ansp
orta
tion
met
hod
avai
labl
e/co
mpl
iant
?•
Cov
ered
truc
k•
Tank
er tr
uck
•R
ail t
anke
rO
rigin
•C
apac
ity to
load
10K
–30
K to
n sh
ips
at
viab
le p
ort?
•St
orag
e?•
Ship
to s
hip
trans
fer r
equi
red?
•
Inve
stm
ent v
sR
OI
Expo
rt
•C
apac
ity to
unl
oad
10K
–30
K to
n sh
ips
•ST
S tra
nsfe
r req
uire
d?•
Stor
age?
•
Inve
stm
ent v
sR
OI
Impo
rt
Chal
leng
e:Tr
ansp
ort C
osts
Dis
tanc
e co
vere
d
Mea
ns o
f tr
ansp
orta
tion
•Tru
ck to
rail
•Rai
l to
ship
•Shi
p to
shi
p
Num
ber o
f tra
nsfe
rs
Volu
mes
shi
pped
•10K
, 30K
bul
k ve
ssel
•Fre
quen
cy o
f shi
pmen
t•S
cale
Oce
an fr
eigh
t m
arke
t•C
urre
ntly
10
yrlo
w•O
ppor
tuni
ty to
lock
in lo
w
pric
es
Valu
e of
Car
go•H
ighe
r val
ue a
sh•4
0-55
% a
lum
inum
•Spe
cial
ty (C
eraT
ech)
Chal
leng
e:Q
ualit
y
Com
pone
ntSi
O2
Al2
O3
Fe2O
3C
aOM
gOSO
3N
a 2O
K2O
LOI
Avg.
52.3
27.2
5.9
2.4
1.1
0.3
0.5
1.4
4.8
Ran
ge32
.1-
60.1
19.5
-55
.01.
5-15
.40.
8-14
.00.
8-2.
10- 2.
40.
2-1.
30.
7-2.
70.
3-20
.5
•G
reat
var
iatio
n in
cla
ssifi
catio
n, m
illing
cap
abilit
ies.
•>9
0% o
f Chi
nese
pro
duce
rs la
g su
bsta
ntia
lly b
ehin
d U
S, E
urop
ean,
Aus
tralia
n pr
oduc
ers
in k
now
ledg
e/ex
perti
se.
•C
oast
al re
gion
s ty
pica
lly m
ore
adva
nced
–ex
tra c
apac
ity, l
ower
ove
rall
cost
s?
Cla
ss I
Cla
ss II
Cla
ss II
I≤1
2%≤2
5%≤4
5%
Part
icle
Siz
e:
GB1
596-
2005
: %
left
on 3
25 m
esh
(45u
m)
Gla
ssC
ryst
allin
e 75
-90%
10-2
5%M
iner
al P
hase
Che
mic
al A
naly
sis
Solu
tion:
Enga
gem
ent
Ups
trea
m
impr
ovem
ents
•Coa
l milli
ng•C
oal b
lend
ers
Dow
nstr
eam
im
prov
emen
ts•G
rindi
ng•C
lass
ifica
tion
•Car
bon/
Hg
rem
oval
Qua
lity
Insp
ectio
n R
egim
e•1
00%
insp
ectio
n be
fore
sh
ipm
ent/p
aym
ent
•Mas
ter s
tand
ards
/tole
ranc
es•C
omm
erci
al te
rms
atta
ched
Coa
l sup
ply
•Reg
ions
clo
se to
coa
l pr
oduc
tion
•Lon
g-te
rm s
uppl
y•V
aria
bilit
y m
inim
ised
•Min
e-m
outh
pow
er s
tatio
ns
Enga
ge
with
you
r su
pply
ch
ain
Sum
mar
y
Ab
unda
nt m
ater
ial
In
frast
ruct
ure
at O
rigin
, Exp
ort a
nd Im
port
Ef
fect
on
RO
I?
Logi
stic
s co
mpl
exity
/cos
t
Qua
lity
–C
ompr
ehen
sive
Eng
agem
ent
Than
k yo
u!
w
ww.
asia
ncoa
lash
.org
w
ww.
was
te-re
use.
com
w
ww.
coal
ashs
olut
ions
.com
Visi
t the
Coa
l Ash
Asi
a bo
oth
in th
e Ex
hibi
tion
Hal
l
Join
us
at C
oal A
sh A
sia!
Sept
embe
r 20-
24th
谢谢
！
Dav
id H
arris
d.ha
rris@
asia
ncoa
lash
.org
Stru
ctur
al B
arrie
rs to
Inno
vatio
n/U
tilis
atio
n:
D
isco
nnec
t bet
wee
n re
sear
ch a
nd c
omm
erci
alis
atio
n
Dis
conn
ect b
etw
een
Stat
e O
wne
d En
terp
rises
and
en
trepr
eneu
rs
Fact
ors
for S
ucce
ssSt
ate
Ow
ned
Ente
rpris
esEn
trep
rene
urs
Fina
ncia
l res
ourc
esAc
cess
Lim
ited
Hum
an re
sour
ces
Abun
dant
Lim
ited
Mar
ket a
cces
sH
igh
Lim
ited
(rely
on
gov’
t or S
OE
supp
ort)
Dis
trib
utio
nH
igh
Stru
ggle
(rel
y on
gov
’t or
SO
E su
ppor
t)
Gov
ernm
ent s
uppo
rtH
igh
Low
-M
oder
ate
Agi
lity
Low
Hig
h
Inno
vatio
n cu
lture
Low
Hig
h
Aver
sion
to ri
skH
igh
-ver
y hi
ghLo
w
Driv
eLo
wVe
ry h
igh
Rec
omm
enda
tions
:
Polic
y:
Gov
ernm
ent
Ince
ntiv
es fo
r SM
E’s
Fund
ing
for S
ME’
s
Stra
tegy
: SO
E’s
Fost
er c
ultu
re o
f in
nova
tion?
Early
sta
ge in
vest
men
t
Acqu
isiti
on
Stra
tegy
: En
trepr
eneu
rs
Prag
mat
ic p
rodu
ct
deve
lopm
ent v
s re
venu
e m
odel
Alig
nmen
t of i
nter
ests
w
ith c
aref
ully
-sel
ecte
d pa
rtner
s
Nea
r to
mid
-term
exi
t st
rate
gy
