VLADIMIR SIMIĆ - ICerS · University of Belgrade Faculty of Mining and Geology Department of Economic Geology Belgrade, Serbia [email protected] Annual Meeting on Raw Materials

University of BelgradeFaculty of Mining and GeologyDepartment of Economic GeologyBelgrade, [email protected]

January 29, 2015Annual Meeting on Raw Materials for Ceramic Tiles 1

VLADIMIR SIMIĆ

Introduction Serbia Bosnia & Hercegovina◦ Republic of Srpska◦ Federation of BiH

Slovenia Macedonia Croatia Ranking


Clays made predominantly of kaolinite and/orillite, with variable content of other clayminerals, quartz, feldspar and mica.

Firing colour usually white or near-white(buff, pale grey, beige)

No carbonates

Relatively low Fe content


JORC, PERC OR NI 14-101 definition


According to Kužvart, 1984

Small < 0.5 Mt Medium 0.5-1.0 Mt Large 1-5 Mt Very large > 5 Mt


Country Comm. 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013Serbiae Ceramic clay 150 150 150 130 130 130-Kosovo Clays 20.8 46.4 22.9 38.8 55.3 50.1B&H Kaolin crude 259.3 148.4 41.8 232.1 149.5Croatiae Ceramic clay 300 300 NA NA NAFYROM Clays,

bentonite22.9 15.3 12.8 14.5 6.9

Slovenia Ceramic clay,crude

32.2 9.5 12.3 10.1 12.0


Serbia – my estimation of average production of ceramic clays

ALAS ZORKA-KERAMIKA d.o.o. – www.zorka-keramika.rs

Quartzwerke Gmbh–Kopovi Ub –www.kopoviub.co.rs

ŠAMOT Aranđelovac – www.samot.co.rs (notprivatised yet)

KERAMIKA AD MLADENOVAC (in the processof liquidation)

KAOLIN AD Valjevo, www.kaolin.co.rs





Basin Primary rock Typical deposit

Main clay minerals

Other clay minerals

Non-clay mineralsMain Other

Aranđelovac Granite Vrbica, Lazine Kaolinite Illite, tr. Al-smectite Quartz Feldspar,

mica

Brajkovac Schists, sub. metaclastics Dren Kaolinite, illite Low Al-

smectite Quartz Feldspar, low mica

Kolubara

Dacite-andesite, pyroclastics Rudovci Kaolinite Low illite, Al-

smectite Quartz

Schists Baroševac Kaolinite, illite Low Al-smectite Quartz Feldspar,

low mica

Vlašić Metaclastics, sub. schists

Bele vode, Jovanovića

brdo, DokmirKaolinite, illite I-S,

Al-smectite Quartz Low feldspar

Jadarska Lešnica Metaklastics, granite Savića mala Kaolinite, illite Low Al-

smectite Quartz Low feldspar

Štubik (East. Serbia) Gneiss Metriš Kaolinite Illite Quartz Mica


Deposit Owner Explo-red

Partiallyexplored

In operation Out ofoperation

Exausted or almostexausted

Vrbica Šamot + + +Bukovik Šamot + +Ćirinac Šamot + + +Lazine Šamot + +Krušik Šamot + + +Košarno Keramika + +Bukovik-Partizani Šamot + +Kapetanovo Polje Šamot + +Rudovci Šamot + + +Prkosava Šamot + +Baroševac None + +Dren Kolubara + +Dokmir Kopovi + +Jovanovića Brdo Zorka + + +Bele Vode Zorka + +Stare Kuće Zorka + +Burovica Zorka + +Zbegovi Zorka + +Miličinica Kaolin + +Kranjani Kaolin + +Brezaci ? + +Slatina Kopovi + +Savića Mala Zorka + +


Deposit Owner Clay type Deposit tonnage RemarkSmall Medium Large

Bukovik Šamot Refractory + Thick overburdenLazine Šamot Refractory + Plastic and

carbonaceous clayKošarno Keramika Refractory

Ceramic+

+Thin layersSandy

Prkosava Šamot Refractory + Not explored enough, occasionally thickoverburden, OM

Dren Kolubara Ceramic + Variable gradeDokmir Kopovi Ceramic + Different gradesSlatina Kopovi Ceramic + Exploitation depends

on market foroverlying sands

Bele Vode Zorka Ceramic + Partially exploitedStare Kuće Zorka Ceramic +Burovica Zorka Ceramic +Zbegovi Zorka Ceramic +Brezaci Zorka Ceramic + SandySavića Mala Zorka Refractory

Ceramic+

+Alternation of twoclay grades, coallayers inside clay


Mostly excavated

Not excavatedBukovik deposit

Vrbica deposit


Mostly excavated

Blue – kaolinitic clay (carbonaceous and grey)Green – greenish clay, more feldsparBlack – coal

LAZINE DEPOSIT


Blue – kaolinitic clay K1 & K2Red – kaolinitic clay K5

KOŠARNO DEPOSIT


Bukovik Ćirinac Lazine OM

Lazine grey

KošarnoK1

KošarnoK5

SiO2 54,13 55,24 48,23 52,69 54,99 70,64Al2O3 29,15 28,81 29,31 30,50 28,61 17,28Fe2O3 3,95 2,69 2,50 2,94 2,82 2,12CaO 0,28 0,94 0,87 0,86 0,59 0,86MgO 0,40 0,23 0,19 0,39 0,63 0,52K2O 1,20 1,26 1,15 1,37 1,56 2,15Na2O 0,31 0,30 0,25 0,13 0,81 0,35LOI 10,53 10,58 17,48 11,45 9,90 5,97PCE (SC) 30/31 31 29/30 28


Ćirinac deposit, refractory kaolinitic clay

Parent rock – metaclastic sediments of Upper Paleozoic age

Mineralogy – K and I, IS, Sm, Q Industrial types of clay – Ceramic clays Tectonics – almost no influence Deposits – small to medium



Dren Dren sandy

DokmirD2

SlatinaPKG-2S

SlatinaPKG-2V

SiO2 61,79 68,01 63.00-67.00 60,00-65,00 49,00-52,00

TiO2 1,03 1,11 0,50-1,00 0,50-1,00 0,50-1,00

Al2O3 23,63 19,01 19,00-23,00 21,00-24,00 28,00-31,00

Fe2O3 2,30 1,77 1,80-2,50 2,00-3,00 2,00-3,00

CaO 0,69 0,57

MgO 0,42 0,32

K2O3,38

2,41

Na2O 0,30

LOI 6,61 7,00 6,00-8,00 6,00-8,00 10,00-12,00

OM na na Max. 2,00 5,00-8,00 10,00-20,00


Bele vode

Stare kuće

Buro-vica

Reka-ve

Breza-ci

Savićamala-r

Savićamala-c

SiO2 64,28 62,85 59,59 64,84 69,04 53,87 67,49

TiO2 0,66 0,86 0,74 na 0,5 0,92 0,85

Al2O3 21,72 22,23 25,60 21,58 17,27 27,36 19,75

Fe2O3 1,90 1,90 2,21 2,16 1,57 1,68 1,71

CaO 0,52 0,27 0,48 1,24 0,60 0,60 0,39

MgO 0,71 0,86 0,19 1,03 0,64 0,49 0,38

K2O 2,49 3,15 2,62 2,80 2,78 2,16 2,21

Na2O 0,21 0,04 0,18 0,15 0,10 0,11 0,41

LOI 7,52 7,70 8,53 6,64 6,72 12,72 6,40

r-refractoryc-ceramic

Resources of all clays in Kosovo were 2,5 Mt in 2002 (source:http://enrin.grida.no/htmls/kosovo/SoE/mining.htm)

Resources for ceramic industry in Kosovo weremostly kaolins from the Karačevo deposit(eastern part of Kosovo area)


Potential basinsaround Bujanovac granite complexKriva reka basin(Kosovo territory)Vranje basin(Serbian territory)

Karačevo kaolin deposit


REPUBLIKA SRPSKA Deposits in basins:◦ Prijedor◦ Banja Luka◦ Bratunac◦ Laktaši◦ Spreča

January 29, 2015Annual Meeting on Raw Materials for

Ceramic Tiles 23

FEDERATION OF BIH: Deposits in basins:◦ Sarajevo-Zenica◦ Sana


Source rocks:Metamorphicrocks ofPalezoic age Mineralogy:Kaolinite, illite, smectite, quartz, feldsparDeposits:

Crna dolina

Deposit Measuredresources

Indicatedresources

Inferredresources

As of date

Crna Dolina 7,000 450 2006Krpeljevo 2,300 1,600 1970Puharska 105 1957Rizvanovići 1,000 1976Čelopek 80.5 92.5 1968Carevine 124 315 1969Jezero 1,000 1969Buvač 3,000 1969Rakelići 40 95 1966Kurteš 260 1965


However, Cvijić (2004) stated that measured & indicated resources in Prijedor basin are around 34.5 Mt, but without giving data for particular deposits

The most important deposit in Prijedor basin, as well in Republika Srpska

Until several months ago belonged to NEMETALI a.d., now sold to private investor

Not well explored! Thus all resources, not reserves!


Ceramic clay K1 Ceramic clay K2SiO2 59.82 58.17Al2O3 23.89 23.58Fe2O3 2.05 3.61CaO 0.67 0.82MgO 0.93 1.31K2O 2.67 2.39Na2O 0.56 0.66LOI 9.12 9.15



K1 <2.5 % Fe K2 2.5-5% Fe

Coal, carbonaceous clay



Indicatedresources

Inferredresources

As of date

Milosavci, Laktaši

100 60 2003

Jelovci 2, Bratunac

260 50 1979

Sočkovac, NE B&H

6,000 2012


White clay Grey claySiO2 60.59 64.09Al2O3 18.02 21.32Fe2O3 2.95 0.55TiO2 0.80 0.95CaO 0.32 0.28MgO 0.69 0.51K2O 2.32 2.41Na2O 0.33 0.39LOI 4.14 4.91


Indicatedresources

Inferredresources

As of date

Kruhari 1,550 10 2003Čardačište-Kruhari

4,500 3,960 2002

Demiševci 85 94 1970


Not precisely defined what is ceramic and what common brick clay! Mostly used for brickclays!

Ten clay deposits;Three in exploitation - Rapajlo, Golo brdo andČavka (all brick clay quality)Other seven deposits that were previouslyexplored and exploited - Zenik, Kobiljača, Bilalovac, Klokot, Pirići, Šljivčica and Jardol are today abandoned, without clear conception andpolicy for further exploration and exploitation (


Ceramic clay deposits located in 3 basins:Katlanovo Veles Pehčevo


Pehčevo total resources ofclays ~ 8.2 Mt

Biggest single deposit Elatawith 2,5 Mt ofresources

Basin potentialfor furtherexploration


Mostly common clays used for brick clayindustry, but previously also used for tiles.

Para Niva deposit – 6 Mt resources, mineralogy: quartz, chlorite, illite, feldspar

Gorna Vrca deposit (used by brick factory) –3.5 Mt resources, 5 % carbonates, mineralogy:quartz, illite, organic matter, chemistry – over6 % of Fe2O3


4 deposits ofceramic claysin operation:1.Globoko2. Okroglica 13. Šmiklavž4. Hom 1


2

43

1

Deposit Clay type Used for Firing colour ResourcesM m3

Globoko GI+II (K, I) Electr. Porc. rose1-5

Globoko GIII (K, I) Pottery whiteOkroglica 1 K, I Wall&floor tiles red ~ 1Šmiklavž K Clinker tiles Brown-red 1-5Hom 1 I, Chl Wall&floor tiles red < 1


Total ceramic clay resources in Slovenia in 2011 – 4.2 Mt


Large potential deposit of ceramic clays ILIRSKA BISTRICA

Mineralogy: Illite/mica 35-41%, chlorite 25%, quartz 20-25%, siderite 5-10%, carbonates <0.5%

Geology: up to 60 m thick clay horizon with sand layers

Firing colour: pale to dark brown

Resources: 33 Mt (explored in 1986)

INKER dd Zaprešić – sanitary ceramics KERAMIKA MODUS, Orahovica – tile producer

Deposits in general medium-sized, no data on exact resources/reserves per single deposit


2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013Resources 5,707 7,533 10,742 8,783 6,461 3,327 2,871Production 88 7.6 35.8 34 18.3 0 0


11 exploitation fields in Croatia for ceramic and refractory clays


2 ceramic claydeposits, severalother alreadyexcavated.Mineralogy:Smectite, illite, kaolinite, quartz

Used by INKER d.d. and small localproducers ofhouseholdceramics


Several ceramic claydeposits, several alreadyexcavated.Mineralogy:Kaolinite, illite, smectite, quartz


SiO2 68.92-79.08Al2O3 14.30-28.20Fe2O3 0.95-3.31TiO2 0.11-1.61CaO 0.20-1.75MgO 0.10-2.20K2O 0.20-2.72Na2O 0.08-0.51LOI 3.30-15.98

Avanić et al, 2006

Several clay lenses, averagethickness 3.9 m, variablequality

Loess without carbonate, average thickness 11 mMineralogy:Kaolinite, illite, smectite, quartzReserves:4 Mt (2010)

Orahovica deposit


Serbia: KošarnoBrezaci

B&H – RS: Prijedor basin (further explorationnecessary for quality contol andexploitation!)

FYROM: Pehčevo basin

Slovenia: Ilirska Bistrica deposit


To my colleagues who helped me with data collection:

Dr. Duška Rokavec, Geological Survey of Slovenia, Ljubljana, Slovenia [email protected]

Prof. Dr. Orce Spasovski, University Goce Delčev, Štip, FYROM [email protected]

Rade Milićević, Geosfera Belgrade, Serbia, [email protected]


THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!

January 29, 2015Annual Meeting on Raw Materials for

Ceramic Tiles 47

Documents

VLADIMIR SIMIĆ - ICerS · University of Belgrade Faculty of Mining and Geology Department of Economic Geology Belgrade, Serbia [email protected] Annual Meeting on Raw Materials