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Vital Health Statistics: India/M.P./Indore- A Comparison
Facilitated By: Presented By:Dr.Veena Yesikar Mam Group No.15Dr. Rahul Rokade Sir Richa Gupta Roll No. 71 Rinku Chauhan Roll No.
72 Rishi Katiyar Roll No.
73 Ritesh Churihar Roll
No. 74 Ritesh Kag Roll No. 75
INTRODUCTION
DEMOGRAPHIC TRENDS
DETERMINANTS OF MATERNAL MORTALITY
INFANT HEALTH INDICATORS
CHILD HEALTH INDICATORS
IntroductionStatistics : A fact or piece of data obtained from a study of a large quantity of numerical data.
Vital Health statistics : It relates to all the important facts i.e. health indicators pertaining to health status of the country or community obtained from various sources
Indicators of Health- Importance
Health indicators are required toMeasure the health status of community.Compare the health status of one country with
that of other.Assessment of health care needs.Proper allocation of scarce resources.Monitoring and evaluation of health services ,
activities and programmes.Measure the extent to which objectives and
targets of a programme have been attained.
Indicators of Health- Characteristics
An Ideal health care indicator should be Valid : they should actually measure what they are supposed to measureReliable and Objective: answers should be the
same when measured by different people in
similar circumstances. Sensitive : they should be sensitive to changes in
the situation concerned .
Characteristics Cont….
Specific : they should reflect changes only in the
situation concerned.
Feasible : they should have the ability to obtain the data
needed.
Relevant : they should contribute to understanding the
phenomenon of interest
Sources of Health statistics
The various sources of health statistics are:CensusRegistration of vital eventsSample registration systemPopulation surveys- NFHS, DLHS Notification of diseasesHospital recordsDisease registersRecord linkageEpidemiological surveillance
SOME IMPORTANT SOURCES 1.Census
One of the most important source of health
information.Definition : total process of collecting, compiling &
publishing demographic, economic and social data
pertaining at a specified time , to all persons in a
country or delimited territory.It need vast organization , preparations and
several
years to analyze.
First census – 1881Last census – held in March 2001.Census is conducted in the last month of the
first quarter of the year, reason being most people are resident in their homes during that period of the year.
It provides basic data needed to compute vital statistical rates, and other health, demographic and socioeconomic indicators.
Main drawback of census : full results are not available quickly.
2. Registration of vital events
It keeps a continuous check on demographic changes
It is defined as “legal registration, statistical recording & reporting of occurrences of , and the collection compilation, presentation, analysis and distribution of statistics pertaining to vital events, i.e., live births, deaths, fetal deaths, marriages , divorces, adoptions, legitimations, recognitions, annulments and legal separations.” ( United Nations ).
India has a long tradition of registration of births and deaths.
Time limit for registering the event of births and deaths is now 21 days for both.
In case of default a fine of Rs. 50 is imposed.A new system has been developed to improve
this system :- Lay reporting .It is defined as “Collection of information , its
use and its transmission to other levels of the health system by non professional heath volunteers”.
3.Sample Registration System
Started in mid 1960’s.
It is a dual record system :Continuous enumeration by a enumeratorIndependent survey every six months by a
investigator- supervisorAdvantage-Serves as an independent check on
the events recorded by the enumerator.
4.National Family Health Survey-NFHS
It is conducted by the ministry of Health & Family Welfare and International institute for population sciences (IIPS), Mumbai.
It uses standardized questionnaires , sample designs & field procedures to collect data which is representative at national and state level.
1st NFHS – 1992-932nd NFHS- 1998-99
Latest NFHS (3rd )- 2006-07Important feature of this was that it included
face to face interviews of about 2 lakhs people covering all the 29 states.
It is a key resource for evaluation and monitoring
family welfare and health of Indian population
NFHS Cont……..
4.DISTRICT LEVEL HOUSEHOLD SURVEY Initiated in 1997 VIEW: To assess the utilization of services provided by
the government healthcare facilities and people’s perception about quality of services .
DLHS I : 1998-1999 DLHS II : 2002-2004 DLHS III : 2007-2008 Provides information about – 1.Indicators of maternal and child health 2.Family planning measures 3.Important interventions of NRHM
The Various Vital Health Statistics are : Crude Birth Rate Crude Death Rate Growth rate Population density Sex ratio Dependency ratio Family size Literacy and education Life expectancy Maternal mortality rate Infant mortality rate Child mortality rate Under 5 mortality rate Total fertility rate Nutrition indicators etc.
DEMOGRAPHY
IT IS THE SCINTIFIC STUDY OF HUMAN POPULATION.
IT IS MAINLY CONCERNED WITH- CHANGE IN POPULATION COMPOSITION OF POPULATION DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION IN
SPACE
HOW DEMOGRAPHY IS RELATED TO HEALTH COMMUNITY MEDICINE IS VIRTUALLY
CONCERNED WITH POPULATION BECAUSE HEALTH IN GROUP DEPENDS UPON THE DYNAMIC RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN NUMBERS OF PEOPLE, THE SPACE WHICH THEY OCCUPY & SKILL THAT THEY HAVE ACQUIRED IN PROVIDING FOR THEIR NEEDS.
POPULATION
INDIA IS SECOND MOST POPULOUS COUNTRY IN THE WORLD.
INDIA RANKS SEVENTH IN LAND AREA IN THE WORLD.
WITH ONLY 2.4 % OF LAND AREA INDIA IS SUPPORTING ABOUT 16.87% OF WORLD’S POPULATION.
POPULATION OF INDIA IS
1027.O MILLION.
CONT..
POPULATION OF M.P. IS
60.38 MILLIONPOPULATION OF INDORE IS
2465 THOUSAND
AGE AND SEX COMPOSITION
IT SHOWS % OF MALE & FEMALE POPULATION IN A PARTICULAR AGE GROUP.
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION BY AGE & SEX,INDIA SRS ESTIMATES,2003
SEX RATIO
IT IS “THE NUMBER OF FEMALES PER 1000 MALES”.
SEX RATIO IN INDIA IS
933/1000 Males SEX RATIO IN M.P. IS
919/1000 Males SEX RATIO IN INDORE IS
912/1000 Males
DEPENDENCY RATIO THE PROPORTION OF THE PERSONS ABOVE 65 YEARS OF
AGE AND CHILDRENS BELOW 15 YEARS ARE CONSIDERD AS TO BE DEPENDENT ON THE ECONOMICALLY PRODUCTIVE AGE GROUP.
RATIO OF COMBINED AGE GROUP O-14YEARS PLUS 65 YEARS AND ABOVE TO THE 15-65 YEARS AGE GROUP IS REFERRED TO AS THE TOTAL DEPENDENCY RATIO.
IT REFLECTS NEED FOR ASOCIETY TO PROVIDE FOR TO PROVIDE FOR THEIR YOUNGERS AND OLDER POPULATION GROUPS.
TOTAL DEPENDENCY RATIO OF INDIA ACCORDING TO 2OO4 IS 64.
OF WHICH CHILD DEPENDENCY RATIO IS 56. AND OLD AGE DEPENDENCY RATIO IS 8.
TOTAL DEPENDENCY RATIO IN M.P. IS
DENSITY OF POPULATION IT IS THE NUMBER. OF PERSONS LIVING PER SQUARE KILOMETRE.
POPULATION DENSITY OF INDIA IS 368 PER SQ. Km.
POPULATION DENSITY OF INDORE IS 633 PER SQ. KILOMETER.
LITERACY & EDUCATION A PERSON IS DEEMED AS LITERATE IF HE/SHE CAN
READ WRITE WITH UNDERSTANDING IN ANY LANGUAGE.
A PERSON WHO CAN READ BUT CANT WRITE IS NOT CONSIDERD AS LITERATE.
EDUCATION IS CRUCIAL ELEMENT IN ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT.
THE LITERATE RATE TAKING IN ACCOUNT THE TOTAL POPULATION IN THE DENOMINATOR TERMED AS ‘’CRUDE LITERACY RATE.’’
LITERACY RATE IN INDIA IS 53.7%.(2001). LITERACY RATE IN M.P 5O.3%. LITERACY RATE IN INDORE IS 75% .
LIFE EXPECTANCY
IT IS DEFINED AS AT GIVEN AGE IS THE AVERAGE NU. OF YEARS WHICH A PERSON OF THAT AGE MAY EXPECT TO LIFE , ACCORDING TO MORTALITY PATTERN PREVALANT IN THAT COUNTRY.
IT IS BEST INDICATOR OF LEVEL OF DEVELOPMENT AND OF THE OVERALL HEALTH STATUS OF ITS POPULATION.
LIFE EXPECTANCY IN INDIA AT BIRTH IS 79& 89 FOR MALE & FEMALE RESPECTAVILY.
FAMILY SIZE IT REFERS TO THE TOTAL NU. OF PERSONS IN A
FAMILY. FAMILY SIZE MEANS THE TOTAL NU. OF CHILDREN A WOMEN HAS BORNE AT A POINT IN TIME.
TOTAL FERTILITY RATE GIVES APPROXIMATE MAGNITUDE OF THE COMPLETED FAMILY SIZE.
TOTAL FERTILITY RATE – IS THE AVERAGE NU. OF CHILDREN A WOMEN WOULD HAVE IF SHE WERE TO PASS THROUGH HER REPRODUCTIVE YEARS BEARING CHILDREN AT THE SAME RATES AS THE WOMEN NOW IN EACH AGE GROUP.
TFR OF INDIA IS 4.1 /2.7. TFR OF M.P. IS 3.1. TFR OF INDORE IS
BIRTH RATE
THE NUMBER OF LIVE BIRTHS PER 1000 ESTIMATED MID-YEAR POPULATION, IN A GIVEN YEAR.
BIRTH RATE OF INDIA (SRS O7) IS 23.1 PER 1000 MID-YEAR POPULATION.
BIRTH RATE OF M.P. (SRS 07) 28.5 PER 1000 MID-YEAR POPULATION.
BIRTH RATE OF INDORE
BIRTH RATE= ( NU. OF LIVE BIRTHS DURING THE YEAR / ESTIMATED MID-YEAR POPULATION ) * 1000
DEATH RATE
NUMBER OF DEATHS PER 1000 POPULATION PER YEAR IN A GIVEN COMMUNITY.
IT PROVIDES A GOOD TOOL FOR ASSESING THE OVER ALL HEALTH IMPROVEMENT IN A POPULATION.
CRUDE DEATH RATE OF INDIA (SRS 07) IS 7.4 PER 1000 POPULATION.
CRUDE DEATH RATE OF M.P. (SRS 07) IS 8.7 PER 1000 POPULATION.
CRUDE DEATH RATE OF INDORE
MATERNAL HEALTH
MEDICAL CAUSES
SOCIAL CAUSES AGE AT CHILD BIRTH PARITY TOO CLOSE PERGNANCY FAMILY SIZE MALNUTRITION POVERTY ILLITERACY SHORTAGE OF HEALTH MAN POWER DELIVERY BY UNTRAINED DAIS POOR ENVIRONMENT SANITATION POOR COMMUNICATION AND TRANSPORT
FACILITIES SOCIAL CUSTOMS.
MATERNAL MORTALITY RATE(2001-2003)
STATISTICAL REPORT, REGISTRAR GENERAL OF INDIA, 2004, PER 100000 BIRTH
Health Institution
Number
Medical College 242
Distri -
Referral Hospitals
City Family Welfare Centre
Rural Dispensaries
Ayurvedic Hospitals 34
Ayurvedic Dispensaries
1427
Unani Hospitals 3
Unani Dispensaries 50
Homeopathic Hospitals
21
Homeopathic Dispensary
146
Health Institution
Number
Medical College 144988
PHC 22670Referral HospiTALS 3910
Health Institution Number
Medical College 144988
PHC 22670
Referral HospiTALS 3910
Health Institution
Number
Medical College 242
Distri -
Referral Hospitals
City Family Welfare Centre
Rural Dispensaries
Ayurvedic Hospitals 34
Ayurvedic Dispensaries
1427
Unani Hospitals 3
Unani Dispensaries 50
Homeopathic Hospitals 21
Homeopathic Dispensary
146
Health Infrastructure of Madhya Pradesh
ParticularsRequired In position shortfall
Sub-centre 10402 8834 1568
Primary Health Centre 1670 1149 521
Community Health Centre 417 270 147
Multipurpose worker (Female)/ANM at Sub Centres & PHCs 9983 8590 1393
Health Worker (Male) MPW(M) at Sub Centres 8834 6560 2274
Health Assistant (Female)/LHV at PHCs 1149 350 799
Health Assistant (Male) at PHCs 1149 1168 -
Doctor at PHCs 1149 869 280
Obstetricians & Gynaecologists at CHCs 270 41 229
Physicians at CHCs 270 287 -
Paediatricians at CHCs 270 49 221
Total specialists at CHCs 1080 503 577
Radiographers 270 NA NA
Pharmacist 1419 215 1204
Laboratory Technicians 1419 489 930
Nurse/Midwife 3039 901 2138
(Source: RHS Bulletin, March 2007, M/O Health & F.W., GOI)
HEALTH MAN POWER IN INDOREAS PER ANNUAL REPORT ON HEALTH 2007-08
HEALTH SUPERVISORS 23
LHV 49
BLOCK EXTENSION EDUCATOR 2
MALE HEALTH WORKER 99
FEMALE HEALTH WORKER 225
STAFF NURSE 34
ANM 713
TBA 645
AGANWADI WORKERS 892
Antenatal care Percent distribution of women who had a live birth in the five years preceding the survey by antenatal care (ANC) provider duringpregnancy for the most recent live birth, according to state, India, 2005-06
INDIA M.P. INDORE
Doctor 50.2 32.6 43.4
Anm 23 41.1 21.5
Others Attendants
1 0.3 0.3
Dai 1.2 2.2 2.0
Aaganwadi worker
1.6 3.5 1.5
Others 22.8 20.3 21.3
No one 0.1 0.0 0.0
Total 100 100 100
•Although 76 percent of women who had a live birth in the five years preceding the survey received antenatal care. •Only 44 percent started antenatal care during the first trimester ofpregnancy, as recommended.• Another 22 percent had their first visit during the fourth or fifthmonth of pregnancy. •Just over half of mothers (52 percent) had three or more antenatal carevisits. •Urban women were much more likely to have three or more antenatal visits than ruralwomen.•Half of men with a child under age three years said that they were at an antenatal care visit with the child’s mother.• Only 37 percent were ever told what to do if the mother had a major complication of pregnancy.
•Sixty-five percent received (or bought) iron and folic acid (IFA) supplements for their most recent birth, only 23 percent took IFA for at least90 days, as recommended.
Only 4 percent of women took adrug for intestinal parasites during their pregnancy.
Among women who had a live birth in the five years preceding the survey
percentage who experienced specific health percentage who experienced specific health problems during pregnancy for theproblems during pregnancy for themost recent live birth, by residence, most recent live birth, by residence,
India, 2005-06India, 2005-06 Problem during pregnancy Urban Rural TotalDifficulty with vision during 3.8 7.2 6.3daylight
Night blindness 3.7 10.8 8.9Convulsions not from fever 7.4 11.3 10.3Swelling of the legs, body or face 28.0 24.1 25.1Excessive fatigue 45.2 48.7 47.8Vaginal bleeding 5.2 4.1 4.4Total Number of women 10,626 29,051 39,677
Reasons for not delivering in a health facility Percentage of women who had a live birth in the five years preceding the
survey by reasons for not delivering the most recentlive birth in a health
facility, according to residence, India, 2005-06 Reason for not delivering in a health facility Urban Rural Total Costs too much 21.5 26.9 26.2 Facility not open 2.3 3.6 3.4 Too far/no transport 5.5 11.8 11.0 Don’t trust facility/ poor quality service 4.0 2.4 2.6 No female provider at facility 1.3 1.1 1.1 Husband/family did not allow 6.0 5.9 5.9 Not necessary 69.6 72.1 71.8 Not customary 5.5 6.5 6.3 Other 5.0 2.7 3.0 Number of women 3,127 20,008 23,135 Note: Percentages do not add to 100.0 because multiple responses were permitted.
Postnatal check-ups soon after delivery help safeguard the health of mother and baby,
particularly for births occurring outside of health care facilities. Almost 6 in 10 women (58 percent) did not receive any postnatal check-
up after their most recent birth. About one-quarter of women (27 percent) received a health check-up in
the first four hours after delivery, and 37percent received a health check-up within the critical first two days after delivery.
It is notable that 15-24 percent of births even in institutions did not receive a postnatal
check-up. Among births delivered at home, only 9-12 percent of births received a
postnatal checkup within two days of delivery. Several states consistently perform well below the national average on
each of the five safe motherhood indicators. These states include Rajasthan in the
North Region, all states in the Central Region (Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, and Uttar Pradesh),
Bihar and Jharkhand in the East Region, and Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Meghalaya, and Nagaland
in the Northeast Region. Uttaranchal also performs poorly on all the indicators except antenatal
care. By contrast,Mizoram performs above the national average on the
delivery care indicators and postnatal care indicators, but poorly on the antenatal care indicator.
•Mothers registered in the first trimester when they were pregnant with last live birth/still birth (%)•TOTAL 64.9 IN RURAL 31.1
•Mothers who had at least 3 Ante-Natal care visits during the last pregnancy (%) • TOTAL 66.3 IN RURAL 37.1 •Mothers who got at least one TT injection when they were pregnant with their last live birth / still birth (%)•TOTAL 87.1 IN RURAL 68.6
•Institutional births (%) •TOTAL 79.7 IN RURAL 66.0
•Delivery at home assisted by a doctor/nurse /LHV/ANM (%)• TOTAL 24.5 IN RURAL 7.1
•Mothers who received post natal care within 48 hours of delivery of their last child (%)•TOTAL 75.0 IN RURAL51.0
• CHILD DEATH RATE IS THE NUMBER OF DEATHS OF CHILDREN AGED 1-4 YEAR PER 1000 CHILDREN IN THE SAME AGE GROUP IN A GIVEN YEAR.
• THE CHILD DEATH RATE IS A MORE REFINED INDICATOR OF THE SOCIAL SITUATION IN A COUNTRY THAN INFANT MORTALITY RATE.
• THE INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF CHILDHOOD SUCH AS MEASLES, WHOOPING COUGH, DIPHTHERIA, DIARRHOEA AND ACUTE RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS AFFECT MOSTLY THIS AGE GROUP AND CAN LEAD TO HIGH CASE FATALITY RATE IN MALNOURISHED CHILDREN.
• I N INDIA FOR THE YEAR 2003, 1-4 YEARS AGE MORTALIY WAS ESTIMATED TO BE 5.2 % OF TOTAL DEATHS.
• IN M.P. 8.1 %, HIGHER THAN THE NATIONAL AVERAGE.
LEADING CAUSES OF DEATH IN 1-4 YEAR AGE GROUP IN INDIA
DIARRHOEAL DISEASES RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS MALNUTRITION INFECTIOUS DISEASES (e.g. MEASLES,
WHOOPING COUGH) OTHER FEBRILE DISEASES ACCIDENTS & INJURIES
CHILD MORTALITY RATE / UNDER 5 MORTALITY RATE
• UNICEF DEFINES THIS AS THE “ANNUAL NUMBER OF DEATHS OF CHILDREN AGE UNDER 5 YEAR, EXPRESSED AS A RATE PER 1000 LIVE BIRTHS.” MORE SPECIFICALLY , IT MEASURES THE PROBABILTY OF DYING BETWEEN BIRTH & EXACTLY 5 YEAR OF AGE .
• ARROUND 10.6 MILLION CHILDREN STILL DIE EVERY YEAR BEFORE REACHING THEIR FIFTH BIRTH DAY. MOST OF THESE DEATHS OCCUR IN LOW INCOME AND MIDDLE INCOME COUNTRIES
AREA
CHILD DEATH UNDER - FIVE MORTALITY RATE
(1-4 YEAR ) PER 1000 UNDER FIVE CHILDREN
(% OF DEATHS) RURAL URBAN TOTAL
INDIA 5.2 19.2 10.2 17.4
MADHYA PRADESH 8.1 28.6 15.8 26.7
INDORE
SRS ESTIMATES FOR CHILD DEATH (1-4 YEARS) & UNDER FIVE MORTALITY IN
INDIA, MP & INDORE, 2003
EACH YEAR 27 MILLION CHILDREN ARE BORN IN INDIA.
ARROUND 10% OF THEM DO NOT SURVIVE TO 5 YEARS OF AGE . IN ABSOLUTE FIGURES, INDIA CONTRIBUTES TO 25 % OF THE OVER 10.6 MILLION UNDER FIVE DEATHS OCCURRING WORLDWIDE EVERY YEAR .
NEARLY HALF OF THE UNDER FIVE DEATHS OCCUR IN NEONATAL PERIOD.
THE MORTALITY RATE IN FEMALE CHILDREN IS HIGHER THAN THE MALE CHILDREN.
DETERMINANTS OF THE LEVEL OF CHILD MORTALITY IN INDIA
SOCIO- ECONOMIC STATUS PLACE OF RESIDENCE MOTHERS EDUCATION AGE AT BIRTH PREVIOUS BIRTH INTERVELIN INDIA ABOUT 30% OF THE BABIES ARE BORN WITH LOW
BIRTH WEIGHT, WHO RUN HIGHER RISK OF MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY.
IN ADDITION , MALNUTRITION IS AN IMPORTANT UNDERLYING CAUSE OF INFANT & CHILD MORTALITY.
ABOUT 50% OF CHILDHOOD DEATHS IN INDIA ARE ATTRIBUTABLE TO MALNUTRITION.
UNDER FIVE MORTALITY RATE IN INDIA,M.P.& INDORE
AREA 1990 2004
INDIA 123 85
MP
INDORE
CHILD SURVIVAL INDEX THE BASIC MEASURE OF INFANT AND CHILD
SURVIVAL IS THE UNDER FIVE MORTALITY (NUMBER OF DEATHS UNDER THE AGE OF 5 YEARS, PER 1000 LIVE BIRTHS ) .
A CHILD SERVIVAL RATE PER 1000 BIRTHS CAN BE SIMPLY CALCULATED BY SUBTRACTING THE UNDER -5 MORTALITY RATE FROM 1000 . DIVIDING THIS FIGURE BY TEN SHOWS THE PERSENTAGE OF THOSE WHO SURVIVE TO THE AGE OF 5 YEARS.
CHILD SURVIVAL RATE DURING 1990 & 2004 IN INDIA 87.7 & 91.5 RESPECTIVELY
•MORTALITY RATES ARE GOOD INDICATORS TO MEASURE THE LEVEL OF HEALTH & HEALTH CARE IN DIFFERENT COUNTRIES.•IT HAS BECOME CUSTOMARY TO CONSIDER MORTALITY IN & ARROUND INFANCY IN A NUMBER OF TIME PERIODS CONVINENT FROM BOTH THE ANALYTICAL & PROGRAMMATIC POINT OF VIEW AS UNDER:-1.PERINATAL PERIOD 2.EARLY NEONATAL PERIOD 3.LATE NEONATAL PERIOD4.NEONATAL PERIOD5.POST NEONATAL PERIOD
AREA
EARLY NEONATAL NEONATAL PERINATAL STILL BIRTH RATE
POST NEONATAL
MORTALITY RATE MORTALITY RATE MORTALITY RATE MORTALITY RATE
RURAL URBAN TOTAL RURAL URBAN TOTAL RURAL URBAN TOTAL RURAL URBAN TOTAL RURAL URBAN TOTAL
INDIA 28 12 25 41 22 37 36 20 33 9 8 9 25 16 23
MADHYA PRADESH 35 23 33 53 36 50 41 31 39 6 9 6 33 19 31
INDORE
DEFINED AS DEATH AFTER THE 20th OR 28th WEEK OF GESTATION (THE DEFINATION OF LENGTH OF GESTATION VRIES BETWEEN COUNTRIES )
SOME OBSEVERS HAVE EXPRESSED THE VIEW THAT VITAL SATASTICAL REPORTS ARE LESS RELIABLE ON FOETAL DEATHS OCCURRING AT 20-27 WEEKS THAN ON THOSE OCCURRING AFTER 28 COMPLETED WEEKS, AND HAVE PREFERRED TO ANALYSE THE DATA SEPARATELY FOR THE TWO INTERVELS STILL BIRTHS ARE SELDOM REPORTED IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
STILL BIRTH RATE DEATH OF A FOETUS WEIGHING 1000g
(THIS IS EQUIVALENT TO 28 WEEKS OF GESTATION OR MORE OCCURRING DURING ONE YEAR IN EVERY 1000 TOTAL BIRTHS ).
IN INDIA THE SRS ESTIMATES FOR THE YEAR 2003 FOR THE WHOLE COUNTRY IS ABOUT 9 PER 1000 BIRTHS (9 FOR THE RURAL & 8 FOR THE URBAN AREAS).
PERINATAL MORTALITY RATEPERINATAL MORTALITY RATE PERINATAL MORTALITY INCLUDES BOTH LATE FOETAL DEATH AN
EARLY NEONATAL DEATHS THE EIGHT REVISION OF THE INTERNATIONAL CLASSIFICATION OF
DISEASE DEFINED THE “PERINATAL PERIOD” AS LASTING FROM THE 28th WEEK OF GESTATION TO THE 7th DAY AFTER BIRTH THE NINTH REVISION OF ICD ADDED THAT :- BABIES CHOSEN FOR INCLUSION IN PERINATAL STATISTICS
SHOULD BE THOSE ABOVE A MINIMUM BIRTH WEIGTH i.e. 1000g AT BIRTH
IF THE BIRTH WEIGHT IS NOT AVAILABLE A GESTATION PERIOD OF AT LEAST 28 WEEKS SHOULD BE USED AND
WHERE ABOVE ARE NOT AVAILABLE, BABY LENGTH OF AT LEAST 35cm SHOULD BE USED
WHO DEFINED :- LATE FOETAL DEATHS (28 WEEKS GESTATION AND
MORE) + EARLY NEONATAL DEATHS (FIRST WEEK) IN
ONE YEAR PMR (IN PER 1000) = LIVE BIRTHS IN THE SAME YEAR
MAIN CAUSES :-INTRAUTERINE & BIRTH ASPHYXIA LOW BIRTH WEIGHT BIRTH TRAUMA &INTRAUTERINE OR NEONATAL
INFECTIONS
NEONATAL DEATHS ARE DEATHS OCCURRING DURING THE NEONATAL PERIOD, COMMENCING AT BIRTH & ENDING 28 COMPLETED DAYS AFTER BIRTH .
NEONATAL MORTALITY RATE IS THE NUMBER OF DEATHS IN A GIVEN YEAR PER 1000 LIVE BIRTHS IN THAT YEAR
CUASES OF NEONATAL MORTALITY :- LOW BIRTH WEIGHT & PREMATURITY BIRTH INJURY & DIFFICULT LABOUR SEPSIS CONGENITAL ANOMALIES HAEMOLYTIC DISEASES OF NEWBORN CONDITIONS OF PLACENTA & CORD DIARRHOEAL DISEASES ACUTE RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS TETANUS
INFANT MORTALITY RATE DEFINE AS “THE RATIO OF INFANT DEATHS REGISTERED IN A
GIVEN YEAR TO THE TOTAL NUMBER OF LIVE PER 1000 LIVE BIRTHS
INFANT MORTALITY IN INDIA, MP & INDORE
AREA RURAL URBAN COMBINED
INDIA 64 40 58
MADHYA PRADESH 84 56 79
INDORE
IN B R OAD C AT E G OR Y T HE C AUS E S
51%
17%
4%
5%
3%
2%
18%
P R E MATUR ITYAC UTE R E S P IR ATO R Y INF E C TIO NDIAR R HO E AL DIS E AS E SC O NG E NITAL MAL F O R MATIO NB IR TH INJ UR IE SC O R D INF E C TIO NO THE R C AUS E S
