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Seppo Honkanen, Materials for Photonics
On Materials for PhotonicsHelsinki, December 11, 2013
Material Technology 2025 in Finland
Tekes, Functional Materials- Team: Markku Oksanen, Seppo Honkanen
Academy of Finland, Programmable Materials- Team: Seppo Honkanen, Harri Lipsanen, Goery Genty, Heli
Jantunen
Seppo Honkanen, Materials for Photonics
Selection of Future Trends
• Materials for Specialty Optical Fibers− Strong expertise on fiber technology in Finland
− Importance of optical fibers continues to increase
• Innovative Fabrication Technologies− Strong expertise in Finland
− Replication techniques, ”Roll-to-Roll”
− 3D-printing for photonics
− Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD)
• Graphene & Other Layered 2D Materials− Field of significant importance
− Expertise in Finland
Seppo Honkanen, Materials for Photonics
Specialty Optical Fibers
• Novel Fibers for Telecommunications− ”Space-Division-Multiplexing”
− Multi-core optical fibers
• Fibers for the mid-IR wavelength range (2 µm to 20 µm) − New materials, e.g., fluoride and chalcogenide glasses
− New fiber dopants, pump sources, waveguide components etc.
− Applications in environmental monitoring, health-care …
Seppo Honkanen, Materials for Photonics
Specialty Optical Fibers ?
• Photonic Crystals (microstructured optical fibers) for new
wavelengths.− Supercontinuum sources
− Fiber lasers
Photo courtesy of Goery Genty
Seppo Honkanen, Materials for Photonics
Innovative Fabrication Technologies
• Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD)− Leading edge expertise in Finland
− Just starting to emerge in photonics
− Roll-to-roll ALD being developed
Picture courtesy of Beneq
Example: Al2O3 using trimethylaluminium (TMA) + water
Seppo Honkanen, Materials for Photonics
Graphene
− Demonstrated 2004 by Geim and Novoselov (Nobel 2010)
− Research of high importance
− Expertise in Finland
− Large-scale EU initiative, Graphene Flagship
− Potential applications in photonics
NATURE PHOTONICS | VOL 7
| NOVEMBER 2013 | 842-845
Nanotube and graphene saturable
absorbers for fibre lasers
Amos Martinez and Zhipei Sun
Carbon atoms arranged in a
2D hexagonal honeycomb
crystal lattice structure
Seppo Honkanen, Materials for Photonics
Layered 2D Materials beyond Graphene
• Molybdenium disulphide MoS2, boron nitride BN etc.− Integration with graphene results diverse properties
− Graphene lacks a direct bandgap
− Monolayer MoS2 is a direct bandgap semiconductor
− Suitable for light emission!
Molybdenium disulphide
Seppo Honkanen, Materials for Photonics
Fabrication of Layered 2D Materials
• Adanced Methods (future methods)− Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD)
− ALD?
30-Inch Roll-Based Production of High-Quality Graphene Films for Flexible
Transparent Electrodes, S. Bae et al., Nature Nanotechnology 5, 574 (2010)
Solar energy market and technology trends
Global solar PV market growth accelerating
• Installed PV capacity by end 2013 appr. 140 GW
• Annual global market is expected to grow from 30 GW in 2012 to more than 60 GW in 2017
• Growth shifting from Europe to China, Japan, and the US
Cumulative solar thermal (ST) installations total about 200 GW and Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) about 2 GW.
PV module price has decreased by 75% in four years, grid parity has been achieved on manymarkets already, wholesale parity will be achieved on several markets within next few years
Key technology trends:
• Higher efficiency modules and cells are needed. Silicon-based PV continues to dominate but several thinfilm technologies are emerging. In excellent solar conditions, concentrating photovoltaics (CPV) is a promising new technology.
• Manufacturing costs need to be reduced further using cheaper materials and techniques
• Intelligent system components like inverters in order to better adjust to the fluctuations in power productionand consumption
• Energy storage becomes a key technology as more variable production enters the system
• In solar thermal, competition with evacuated tubes will drive development of new cheaper flat-platecollectors, large-scale solar thermal with district heating is gaining more importance
• Regulation and building codes are driving towards low-energy houses with solar installations. Architecturaldesign requires more building-integrated PV (BIPV) solutions.
Key solar material research topics
• Tandem structures, n-type silicon, back contactsHigh-efficiency
silicon solar cells
• Anti-reflective coatings, surface passivation(ALD)
Cost-effective solarcell manufacturing
• Dilute-nitride materials in III-V multijunction cells, quantum dots and other nanostructures
High-efficiencyCPV cells
• Roll-to-roll manufacturing techiques and materials
Low-cost, large-area thin film cells
• Better control of material impurities, moreendurable materials
Increased reliabilityand system lifetime
• Increased functionality in inverters to control the imbalance between production and consumptionIntelligent inverters
• New solutions and materials for cheaper mountingand construction of PV systems
Cost-effectivemounting structures
• Carbon nanomaterials in battery electrodesElectricity storage
• Electrolysis and methanisation with surplus PV production to allow seasonal electricity storagePower to gas
• Phase-change and other materials to allowseasonal heat storageHeat storage
• Ultrathin materials for glass-glass BIPV, more durable encapsulation materials
Glass and encap-sulation materials
• Organic and dye-sensitised cells for colourtailoring
Coloured BIPV components
• High-efficiency flat-plate solar absorbermaterials
High-efficiencysolar collectors
• Polymeric materialsLightweight and
thinner collectors
• See-through insulation materialsFunctionalinsulation
PV
cells
& m
anufa
ctu
rin
g
Sys
tem
& b
ala
ncin
g
BIP
V &
sola
r th
erm
al
Key research topics in line with
the identified trends
• The list is not exhaustive but gives topics
where Finland has a good starting point
(research and/or industrial activity) for further
competence build-up
Recommended actions for Finnish solar materialresearch going forward
It should be possible to apply for and receive funding for high quality solartechnology research in Finland, both in materials research and other areas• More research emphasis should be put on system issues, e.g., grid integration, storage
and hybrid systems.
• Thus, the needed framework isn’t necessarily a specific material research program –solar technology and system solutions should be potential research topics within manyexisting and upcoming renewable energy/innovation programs
Basic research funding for universities should be more long-term and concentrated on selected key topics and the best groups, efficientinternational networking in this area is key
Applied research should be driven by needs of the industries and clearlyseparated from the basic research
Finnish solar industrial cluster should define clear targets together and then employ the best reseachers to the identified topics
Networking between the industries and research scientists should beencouraged e.g. by arranging workshops regularly
Mobile devices are connected in cloud
12-2013
Nanometer race in IC´s continue, but future devices integrate SoC with SiP
12-2013
And MEMS content in
systems is increasing...
There will be few applications with very large device volumes, but large number of applications with smaller volumes
12-2013
Area of opportunity
Future is Flexible
Functional Materials, December 11 2013,
Pekka Soininen
Manager, New Products
source SonySource Fraunhofer ISE
Vision 2025
2512.12.2013 Beneq 2013
Vision: Future is Flexible
More from less
More consumers need more products
New features and user experiences
Recycling and price reduction
77’’ Curved 4K OLED TV
Can be achieved by
Raw material savings via thin film technologies
Organic materials will be used more widelly
Flexible R2R processing is an effective mass
production method for these needs
What is going on?
2612.12.2013 Beneq 2013
Race is on
The first flexible lighting, PV and display products
are at market already
First flexible products are produced on rigid support
R2R technology under development
Device builtup and R2R technologies to be merged
Preparing for the battle is started by consolidations
and built-up of strong IP’s
Flexible OLED display
Flexible photovoltaics Flexible display Flexible OLED lighting
Photos courtecy VTT
Go Ahead
2712.12.2013 Beneq 2013
Actions
Be part of the R2R development
Cost and material efficiency solutions at
whole value chain has to be developed
Build IP systematically
Utilizate of strong ALD and printed
electronic capabilities we have here at
Finland
Thin film technologies enables flexible
products. We have strong postion at
barriers as example. This have to be
kept.
12.12.2013 Beneq 2013 28
Thank you!
Beneq – Turning Innovations into Success.
Pekka SoininenEquipment Development manager
Cellular Strucuture vs Fibril or PolymericCurrently:
• Roughly 200 million tons of pulp is produced, wood & annual plants.
• Used mainly for packaging board, paper and tissue products.
11.12.2013 Markku Leskelä
Source: Wegner, USDA Forest Service.
31
Cellulose Products 2012 – about 6 million t/a
11.12.2013 Markku Leskelä
Nitrocellulose0.15 Mio t/a
Cellulose Ether0.70 Mio t/a
Spec. Paper0.12 Mio t/a
MCC0.15 Mio t/a
Acetate Fibres0.65 Mio t/a
Acetate Film0.25 Mio t/a
Lyocell Fibres0.15 Mio t/a
Film, Casings0.15 Mio t/a
Viscose Fibres3.7 Mio t/a For reference: Cotton market 26 million tons/a.
Source: Presentation by Sixta 2013.
32
11.12.2013 Markku Leskelä
From Cellulose Competence to ExploitingCurrent & Future Opportunities in Value Chains
Textiles:
- Dissolving pulp
- Value specific fabrics, e.g. workwear
Nonwoven,
single use &
functional
properties
Why is an opportunity, main characteristics
Issues to watch
• Big potential replacementmarket.
• As an example, globalmegatrends favor as supply of cotton cannot keep up with the demand.
• Process breakthoughsrequired, one can enter the market through innovation.
• Several value chains; innovations enable entry and market growth, examples:
• Nonvowen – foamprocess
• Workwear –functionalitiesrequired
• Potential source for new business in many industries in Finland.
• Shale gas boom supportsmain rivals, polyester, packaging plastics.
• Material performance vscost.
Packaging applications,
composites and films
Nanocellulose
applications
Cellulose competence – develop
spesific methods & tools to:
- Understand cellulose
characteristics & behavior.
- Process cellulose.
- Modify cellulose for different
enduses.
Thin, superstrong
cellophane
Absorbent
applications,
hygiene &
personal
care
Improvements
in current
pulping
processes
All the application markets have
strongly growing sectors!
Water chemicals
33
Key Messages
• Vision 2025:
– The existing cellulose competence platform has been developed to be the best in the world in the selected focus areas.
– The companies exploit cellulose opportunities in their specific value chains using new processesand potentially new business models.
• Many application markets show strongly growing markets with attractive volumes 2013.
• What to do:
– Develop the competence platform actively:
• Continue and expand cellulose basic research.
• Expand value chain programs.
• Develop demonstration environments.
– Use a combination of programs and funding instruments:
• Academy of Finland, FiDiPro, SHOK-programs (FIBIC, Tekes) & other Tekes instruments, ERA-Net (Wood wisdom), EU (especially Biobased industries initiative - PPP), company programs.
11.12.2013 Markku Leskelä 34
Future food services (city of 40 000 inhabitants)
Public food services according to personal diets/health/wishes
12 000 portions of food per day (schools, daycare, hospitals,
nursing homes) organized by one operator
New customers 1200 per day (+10%): private households, elderly
living at home, offices, etc.
Central organizer for orders & logistics -> 30 % cost savings in
logistics
This represents one case, in Finland there are 60
cities/municipalities with more than 20 000 inhabitants
04-2013
Materials 2025
Smart packages inform operators and users
Increased demand of new material solutions for smart & intelligent
packaging;
• personalized
• renewable
• reusable
• returnable
Package connects the information for logistics and meal preparation
04-2013
Materials 2025
Big challenge for Finland
Healthier, more versatile and personalized nutrition
Business opportunities for local actors and subcontractors,
networking
Reduction of food waste
Creates markets for intelligent and high-design packaging
The business model can be commercialized and exported
04-2013
Materials 2025
Vision work launch
Jari Liimatainen,
Picodeon
Engineering and Machine
Building Case:
Mining industry applications
Materials Technology
Vision
Engineering and Machine Building
Case: mining industry applications
Dr Jari Liimatainen, CEO, Picodeon Oy, partner Kerpua Engineering
Professor Simo-Pekka Hannula, Aalto University
Professor Veli-Tapani Kuokkala, Tampere University of Technology
Mining Industry
Has been a growth business
during last 10 years of materials
& metals super-cycle
Key players OEMs, service
providers and end users
Extreme requirements for
materials and component
solutions, however, materials
solutions mainly traditional
Service business ~ OPEX is
major business issue for OEMs,
service providers and mining &
metallurgy companies
Finland in mining
Cluster of mining companies, OEMs and service providers• Sandvik, Metso, Outotec, Nomet
and mining & metallurgy companies
• Outokumpu, Talvivaara, Anglo American & global giants
material suppliers
• Rautaruukki, Metso, Peiron, Ovako, Teknikum, Robit Rocktools
In Finland, mining technologyhas been gradually turningsignificant technology nucleusand export item possibly passinge.g. pulp & paper technology(equipment and processtechnology business)
Materials suppliers
Sandvik
Rautaruukki
Metso
Ovako
Teknikum
Ravelast
etc
OEMs and service providers
Outotec
Sandvik
Metso
Nomet
etc
Mining operators
Outokumpu
Talvivaara
etc
Mining technology key areas
Mining and mineral
processingtechnologysolutions
Processsystems & equiment
Processtechnology
Automation&
intelligence
Materialsand wear
parts
ISSUES AND IMPACTS
• New process
possibilities
• Integration and
optimization
• Energy efficiency
• Environment
• Recycling processes
ISSUES AND IMPACTS
• Life cycle costs
• Asset management
• New process
possibilities
• New machine and
equipment solutions
• Energy effiency
ISSUES AND IMPACTS
• Integration and optimization
• Energy efficiency
• Remote controls & ROVs
• Safety
ISSUES AND IMPACTS
• Larger units
• Use of automation
• ROVs
• Machine reliability
• Mobile heavy units
• Safety
Materials and components, why are theyimportant in mining industry ?
Wear materials represent second largest life cycle cost item in
mining after energy, in several applications & equipments close to
50%
Applications and material solutions are typically very demanding
(mechanical loads, severe wear, corrosion)
Key applications e.g.
− Drilling
− Transportation & loading
− Crushing
− Grinding (AG,SAG,Ball)
− High pressure grinding rolls (HPGR)
− Pumping
− Etc …..
Role of materials technology in miningtechnology & business
• New wear materials & manufacturing methods for longer life time, improved asset management and lower life cycle costs
Wear parts & consumables
• Mechanically more reliable structures (fatigue, fracture, creep, bearings)
• Elimination of catastrophic failures of critical machine components
More reliablemachinery
• Components and materials allowing new processes and equipmentswith better energy efficiency, capacity and end product quality
New processsolutions
• Self diagnostics in materials, components and structuresIntelligence
• Vibration & noise damping
• Surface engineering
Activity & functionality
Key materials technology platforms
Materials performance
• Wear
• Mechanical performance
• Corrosion
• Heat resistance
• Other functionalities
Microstructuralengineering
• Designing materials for the application
• Integration material processing for optimum performance
Manufacturing technology
• New materials processing
• Metallic materials
• Coatings and claddings
• Elastomers
• Hybrid materials
• Composites
Life cycle management
• Materials performance simulation
• Material design for minimum life cycle costs and impact
Integration of materialstechnology into processtechnology and processlife cycle management
Key materials in mining industry portfolio
Hot rolled wearsteels (boron
and QT steels)
Cast white irons
Castmanganese
steelsWeld overlays
Elastomers & elastomercladdings
Surfacehardenedsolutions
Cementedcarbides
Ceramics
CoatingsCast
composites
Elastomerbased
compositesFabrics
Vision 2025 Materials technology for mining industry
Present
Mainly commodity materials
used
Modest differentiation
among suppliers
Few tailored solutions
Limited capabilities to
predict life cycle
performance
Year 2025
New materials and
manufacturing methods used
in >50% of the applications
Hybrid materials & structures
in use in most of the
demanding high wear
applications
Finland is global leader in high
performance wear solutions
for mining
Vision 2025 Materials technology for mining industry
Qualitative Finnish mining industry cluster is global
leader and forerunner in developmentand utilizing materials technologydevelopments
Finnish universities and researchinstitutes are global scientific leadersin wear materials R&D and relatedmanufacturing technology development
Wear materials & tribology professorto Aalto or Tampere University of Technology
Finnish mining industry OEMs and material suppliers carry out >30% of materials R&D in Finland (ref. 2nd bullet point)
Quantitative Wear materials & components repsesent 50 %
of total mining industry OEM business and
>70 % of services business
Life cycle costs of mining operators are
reduced by -15% using new material solutions
New material solutions (e.g. hybrid
materials, new elastomers, composites, new
steels) represent >50% of total wear material
offering
Finnish industry´s domestic mining and
mineral processing related wear & other
material production is 5x present
The combined materials & component R&D
related to mining and metallurgy among
industry and academia solutions is 3x the
present