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Answer format/Synopsis: Public Administration Mains Mock Test-5 (2!2"

S#$T%&' A

1. (a) Independence and impartiality of the speaker is an essential pre-requisite for effectiveness of

Parliamentary process. Comment

Answer format-

1.

As the office of Speaker is vested with great prestige, position and authority, independence andimpartiaity !ecomes its sine qua non.

". #rovisions to secure independence of speaker.

• $he Speaker is ooked upon as the true guardian of the traditions of pariamentary

democracy and is paced very high poistion in the order of precedence.

• $he %onstitution of India provides that the Speaker&s saary and aowances are not to !e

voted !y #ariament and are to !e charged on the %onsoidated 'und of India.

•

$he Speaker can !e removed from office ony on a resoution of the (ouse passed !y ama)ority of a the then mem!ers of the (ouse. (is work and conduct can*t !e discussed and

criticised in +okSa!ha ecept on a su!stantive motion

-.

Issues

/10

Speaker*s office !eing treated as a gift in the hands of ruing #arty /$his doctrine deserves a

speedy !uria0 hie in 2ritain, the speaker is stricty a non3party man. $here is a convention

in 2ritain that the Speaker has to resign from his party and remain poitica neutra.

/"0 #oiticisation of the office of Speaker due to the #owers conferred on it !y the anti defection

aw /to dis4uaify egisators on charge of defection0.

/-0

In the recent times, #ariament has seen too much of disruption and wakouts, which has

hampered the functioning and efficiency of pariamentary work. In such situations, an

impartia speaker can !e more effective to mediate !etween various poitica parties.

/50 Impartiaity is regarded as an indespensa!e condition of the office of speaker, who is

guradian and interpreter of powers and privieges of the (ouse and not of the poitica party

with whose support he might have !een eected to the office. It won*t !e possi!e for him to

maintian order in the (ouse uness he en)oys the confidence of minority parties !y

safeguarding their rights and privieges.

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() !he "overnors role is that of a sa#acious counsellor$ mediator and aritrator rather than an active

politician. %iscuss.

Answer format-

Saacious $ounsellor 3 6nder the ca!inet system of government, the 7overnor as %onstitutiona head of

the State has 8a right to !e consuted, to warn and encourage8 and his roe is overwhemingy that of 8a

friend, phiosopher and guide8 to his %ounci of 9inisters. Artice 1:; of the %onstitution imposes duties

on the %hief 9inister to communicate to the 7overnor a decisions of the %ounci of 9inisters and

proposas for egisation, so that governor can discharge his duties. (owever the options avaia!e to the

7overnor under Artice 1:; give him persuasive and not dictatoria powers to override or veto the

decisions or proposas of his %ounci of 9inisters reating to the administration of the affairs of the State.

Mediator 3 7overnor is the representatives of the centre in states and hence, they !ring a nationa

perspective to state eve actions and activities. (owever, there may !e cases 8where the advice of the

%enter may cash with advice of the State %ounci of 9inisters8 and that 8in such cases the 7overnor

must try to mediate !etween the two.

Arbitrator < $he constitution has envisaged the possi!iity of governor acting at times in his discretion in

some cases ike reservation of !i for consideration of #resident and recommendation for imposition of

#resident*s rue in the state. Aso there has !een situationa discretions ike in case of appointment of

%hief minister when no party has a cear3cut ma)ority in state egisative assem!y or in case of dismissa

of counci of ministers when it can*t prove the confidence of state egisative assem!y.

'ot an acti,e politician - $he Supreme %ourt has epressy aid down that 7overnorship is an

independent constitutiona office which is not su!)ect to the contro of the 7overnment of India. hie

performing a the a!ove duties of 7overnor, the office of the 7overnor has !een !estowed with the

independence to rise a!ove the day3to3day poitics and override compusions either emanating from thecentra system or the state system.

(c) &Internal controls (which internal audit is an important element) can e re#arded as one of the

foundations of #ood #overnance and the first line of defense a#ainst improprieties'. In li#ht of aove

statement discuss the eaknesses of the Present ystem of Internal Audit in India.

Answer format-

•

Interna Audit is recognised as an aid to the management for monitoring financia performance and

effectiveness of various programs.

• $hough Interna Audit is a part of the Interna %ontro system it pays a distinct roe in evauating and

improving the interna contro system.

• In 7overnment of India, interna audit is conducted through Interna Audit ings in the #rincipa

Accounts Offices of various 9inistries = >epartments.

• $here are foowing deficiencies in the Interna Audit System

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• Interna Audit 7uideines are outdated and there are no Interna Audit 9anuas in many cases.

• Interna Audit is not !eing conducted in many departments due to ack of manpower and=or

insufficient aocation of funds.

• $he imited staffs of Interna Audit ings are diverted to Accounting and 2udgeting.

•

+ack of response !y Auditee units to the Interna Audit ?eports.

• 9any %entra and State Schemes, #S6s etc have !een kept outside the purview of Interna Audit.

• A reports of Interna Audit are not communicated to the top eve.

• In few cases Interna Auditors are epected to act as advisers on financia and operationa matters.

$his compromises the independence of interna audit.

• ?isk areas such as environmenta impact, third party risks, risk of aw suits etc. are not factored in

Interna Audit.

• No enforcement mechanism in case of non3compiance with Interna Audit reports.

• $hese weaknesses must !e rectified in accordance with the recommendations of the "nd A?%.

• $he resutant sound interna contro system woud hep in ensuring severa characteristics of 7ood

7overnance such as transparency, accounta!iity, effectiveness and efficiency.

*. (a) !he pattern of %epartmental +elated standin# committees of Parliament can e followed to

reor#anise the ministerial set up in the ,nion "overnment. %iscuss

Answer format-

1. 9inisteria setup @2riefy descri!e

3

Significance of Art ;;/-0

3 No #ariamentary authoriBation for departmenta organisation= ?eorganisation.

3 >epartments=9inistries created in response to increasing work oad !ut often to

accommodate increasing num!er of ministeria aspirants. $hus there has !een a mindess

proiferation of departments and ministries/ No ess than C: ministries=department in

government of India today0

".

Impication of the a!ove

3 $ask of coordination !ecomes difficut

3

Interdepartmenta overap in )urisdiction and conse4uent conficts

3 Infates siBe of counci of ministers

3 Iogica division of work

3

Damination of issues from a comprehensive, integrated and nationa perspectives !ecome

difficut

3 #oor team work

3

Iustration

Dnergy

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$ransport

Dterna Affairs

6r!an Affairs

-. A?%II has recommended the reorganisation of concept of ministry to incude the departments

whose work is efficienty reated. 'or this purpose the pattern organisation of department reated

standing committees in num!er, comprehensi!y cover most aspects of governance can !e used.

"nd

A?% 3 A pragmatic approach is to retain the eisting siBe of the counci of 9inisters !ut increase the

eve of coordination among the departments !y providing for a senior ca!inet 9inister to head each of

the "E3"C cosey reated >epartments. (e=she may !e designated as the F'irst or coordinating 9inisterG

/or any other suita!e nomencature0 and woud coordinate and provide the overa ead for the entire

group of departments. ithin the !road groups /"E3"C0, there coud !e severa departments. Individua

departments or any com!ination of these coud !e headed as re4uired !y the coordinating='irst

9inister, other ca!inet 9inister/s0=9inister/s0 of state. In India, the >epartmentay ?eated standing

committees of #ariament is a good eampe of integration of inter3connected su!)ect matters.

3

$his woud ena!e a reduction in the num!er of departments and thus faciitates coordination.3 It woud aow consideration of issues from integra and nationa perspectives.

3

It woud reduce the cost of maintaining the counci of 9inisters.

3

It woud improve #ariamentary contro of the Decutives.

() Cs and employees of P,s #et confused y different statements of decision makers at different

platforms and this has a &demorali/in# effect on the performance Pulic nterprises of pulic

enterprises'. 0amine the assertion with suitale e0amples. In this conte0t also$ enlist and discuss the

utility of ,nited ations r#ani/ation2s recently listed freedoms to e en3oyed y pulic enterprises.

Comment.

Answer format-

At Standing %onference of #u!ic Dnterprises /S%O#D0 in New >ehi, 9r #rana! 9ukher)i has emphasiBed

that Fa operationa decisions of the #S6s shoud !e taken at the !oard eveG.

$he S%O#D chairman, 9r.A.%. adhawan, said %DOs and empoyees of #S6s were confused !y different

statements of decision makers at different patforms and regretted that this had a FdemoraiBing effect

on the performance of pu!ic enterprises. G

#.amples3 of sick units in #S6s

• 7ovt*s disinvestment poicy, which has never !een cear. Simiary we can take the eampe of

Air India #vt imited, in which govt*s ar!itrary decisions have hampered the performance. Aso

confusion over decision to dereguate the prices of oi has a negative impact on the performance

of oi marketing companies.

$he 6nited Nations OrganiBation recenty isted the freedoms to !e en)oyed !y pu!ic enterprises

10

'reedom from annua appropriation process, at east for operating epenses.

"0

'reedom to receive and retain operating revenues.

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-0

'reedom to appy operating revenues to operating epenses.

50 'reedom from genera government restrictions, particuary in the fied of ependiture.

C0

'reedom from norma government appropriation accounting.

:0 'reedom from norma government audit operations.

;0 'reedom from centra purchasing and contracting re4uirements.

H0

Other reated freedom to !orrow money, freedom to hire and fire, freedom to pay saaries at

the discretion of the enterprises and freedom to contro Its ong3 term panning.

D.g.3 %oa India was forced !y govt to sign 'SA /'ue Suppy Agreement0 with power companies which can

hamper the performance of %oa India.

%oncusion3 Incucate accounta!iity with professionaism

4. (a) It is foolhardy to compare company form of Pulic ector r#anisation in terms of efficiency$ as

there is other$ and perhaps$ more important determinants of efficiency of Ps. 0plain

Answer format-

10

2asic differences !etween %ompany form %orporation 'orm

"0 Views of Dstimates %ommittee A?%J

-0 %orreation !etween organiBationa form Operationa efficiency.

It may !e asked whether some correation eists !etween the ega form of management and

organiBationa performance. Some persons emphasiBe the roe of individuas who form the organisation,

others fees that in a sound structure even the mediocre woud give !etter resuts and over a onger

period of time.

$he state road transport undertakings have among themseves statutory corporations, Koint stock

companies and aso departmentay run units. It seems amost impossi!e to correate the success or

otherwise of a road transport undertaking with reference to its ega type of organisation. $he success

woud depend on effective decentraiBation of authority and getting away from the esta!ished

procedures and tradition. As amongst the various form of organisations the government prefers a form

permitting easier and coser contro over its unit. 'or eampe, the %entra 7overnment*s preference was

for the )oint stock company to the statutory corporation. In the case of State 7overnment, if the

situation otherwise permit, they woud prefer a cooperative society to a government %ompany, as the

former is reguated !y their own aws and officers and not those of the %entra 7overnment.

2etween the #u!ic corporation and the 7overnment company there is not much to choose from the

point of commercia efficiency. It is not possi!e to point out to any significant practica difference in

these two forms in regard to securing operationa efficiency, and in hoding them accounta!e. 9r.

Appe!y who said that there is a fruitess de!ate over the advantages of companies as compared to

corporations, and vice versa, they are essentiay the same and differ3 unimportanty3 ony on the !asis

of their ega authoriBation. 'ar more important determinants are the 4uaity and eperience of

management, the a!iity of management to resist improper pressures, the determination of

management to achieve the purpose of the enterprise and the readiness of the superior authorities to

recogniBe that here is a Fsphere of autonomyG.

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() 5Increasin# collaoration and cross-fertili/ation etween the pulic and private sectors is e0pected

to have a profound and positive impact on the pulic sector2s leadership ethos.2 Comment.

Answer format-

$he pu!ic sector enterprises can foow a -2+ approach /$ripe 2ottom +ine0. $his approach epands

!eyond the traditiona framework of reporting to take into account ecoogica and socia performance in

addition to financia performance.

• $he >epartment of #u!ic Dnterprise has aready taken first steps !y pu!ishing %orporate Socia

?esponsi!iity /%S?0 guideines for %#SDs. $hese guideines demand that the %#SDs invest a part

of their profit on socia and environment issues, there!y focusing profita!iity on the tripe

!ottom ine < socia, environmenta and economic 3 with an integrated approach.

• ?eforms in pu!ic sector enterprises demands proactive and strategic panning on the part of

pu!ic sector enterprises instead a compiant and reactive approach.

•

$he pu!ic sector enterprises shoud !e aowed to set up an independent Frecruitment !oardGor Fappointment commissionG.

• Since for severa years pu!ic sector enterprises have !een acting as a convenient medium for

a!sor!ing surpus a!or there is an urgent need to rethink if there is a need to continue doing so

in future.

• +asty, competitive advantage can !e sustained !y infusion of state3of3art technoogy and

refreshing them at appropriate intervas.

• Simutaneousy, investments need to !e made in research and sef deveopment of products and

soutions that serve emergent societa needs at afforda!e prices.

• 'urther, greater autonomy must !e aowed to #SD !oards to adopt such modern techni4ues

across a aspects of the !usiness vaue chain such as manufacturing, suppy chain, procurement,

distri!ution, information management and overa 4uaity of goods and service deivery.

• >isinvestment is not the ony soution of turning3around the sick units. $he F9ahratnasG and

FNavratnasG can set up a consuting !oard and assist the sick pu!ic sector enterprises in

achieving financia cosures.

'ote: There is need to link the above points to the similar practices in private sector.

6. (a) In many cases$ pulic sector enterprises have delivered eyond e0pectations. 7owever in several

cases$ such undertakin#s have underperformed$ therey causin# social and economic dama#e of a kind

for which there is no quantitative measure. Analy/e the issues which concern the pulic sector

enterprises of India8

Answer format-

Successfu pu!ic sector enterprises give their economies a great sense of confidence in their a!iities

and hep in opening up their economies more rapidy and acceerate the process of go!a economic

integration. (aving said this, however, the reaity is that today, a ma)ority of the Indian pu!ic sector

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enterprises are facing chaenges and have invited criticism a!out their need in modern India. Some of

these chaenges are

!+ Multiple principals wit multiple oals: 0Too many cooks spoil te brot1:

$he pu!ic sector enterprises face today an issue of mutipe principas with mutipe goas which are

often conficting, making it difficut for the pu!ic sector enterprises to ascertain the outcomes that are

epected of them. Such conficting goas can at times affect the overa corporate performance.

2+ Te talent trouble: 0Surplus is ere1:

Indian pu!ic sector enterprises were created with the intent of using them as convenient medium for

a!sor!ing surpus a!our to cur! unempoyment ratesL however, this has resuted in inefficiency and

underempoyment in the pu!ic sector enterprises there!y affecting their competitiveness in the ong

run. ?ecruitment procedures are rigid, od3schoo, time3consuming and !eset with poitica interference

and considerations.

+ $ompensation concerns: 0Pri,ate sector takin it all1:

$he compensation structure in Indian pu!ic sector enterprises has !een argey reguated !y the state

and has faen !ehind their corporate counterparts in the same industry. ith economic i!eraiBation

taking roots in India and compensation structures significanty deviating from a sociaist era = phiosophy,

the differentias !etween pu!ic sector enterprises and the corporate competitors are widening.

3+ 4inkin uantity to uality: 06ar from reality1

$raditionay, in pu!ic sector enterprises, measuring performance through financia and operationa

metrics /ike productivity and efficiency0 was not rigorousy adopted. Inade4uate impementation of such

4uantitative measures of performance over the past years has resuted in degeneration of accounta!iityat a eves.

5+ 4ack of autonomy in decision makin- 0Te 7not me8 syndrome1

$he origina concept of mutipe eves and coser scrutiny of decisions taken aong with restricted

deegation of powers was devised for pu!ic sector enterprises to function in a Fcosed economyG and in

situations of monopoy or !y adopting administered pricing mechanism in oigopoy.

() !o call the President a ruer stamp would e a mistake. 7e can certainly have a &mind of his own free of all political trammels and without any ur#e or amition to take an active hand in #overnmental

decision makin#9or towards chan#in# the provisions of the e0istin# constitution related to his position

and power.' Analyse.

Answer format-

$he #resident&s roe as defender of the %onstitution and the powers as (ead of State, especiay in

reation to those eercised !y the #rime 9inister as eader of the government, have changed over time.

3 #roving ma)ority in the pariament

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3

?e4uirement to demonstrate support of pariament !efore invitation to form the government

3 #resident Mai Singh eercises #ocket Veto !y not signing #osta 2i

3

#resident Narayanan introduces ?ashtrapati 2havan communi4us

3

#resident aam returns offices of profit !i

#residentia Activism3 Situations3

3

Dra of coaition govt

3 Dra of )udicia activism

3 Irresponsi!e care3taker govt

3

9aintenance of good governance

3 %ounter3mechanism on govt in action

3 $o maintain discipine in governance

• 6nder the Indian %onstitution, the #resident has no eecutive roe to pay, !ut his or her actions P

whether, for instance, in approving 2is or sending these !ack for reconsideration, or in forming a

new government or in asking the incum!ent to face a vote of confidence P have poitica

importance.

• #eope do ook upon #resident as a person having some authority in the governance of the country,

and he can )ustify his position ony !y tendering such advice and giving such suggestions as he

considers necessary to the ca!inet !efore it takes any decision.

• $he #resident is no ru!!er stamp, and is not re4uired to sign on the dotted ine irrespective of the

issue at hand. hie there are strict statutory imits to his discretion, his advisory or cautionary roe

is we recognised !y the %onstitution.

•

$he occupant of the highest office of the and is aso the custodian of the %onstitution. $he oathadministered to the president3eect is therefore 4uite different from that administered to the prime

minister, chief ministers and the ministers of the 6nion and states. hie they owe their aegiance

to the %onstitution, the president takes the oath to preserve, protect and defend the %onstitution.

$he president aso promises to dedicate himsef= hersef to the service and we3!eing of the peope.

• hie the president*s function as the protector and defender of the %onstitution has !een

ade4uatey highighted, the roe payed !y the president to serve and promote the we3!eing of the

peope of India has not received much attention.

• $here is a su!te infuence of the office of the president on the eecutive and the other arms of the

government and on the pu!ic as a whoe. It is a position which has to !e used with a phiosophy of

indirect approach. $here are one or two things which you can directy do in very critica times. 2ut,

otherwise, this indirect infuence that you can eercise on the affairs of the state is the most

important roe he can pay

• An idea #resident is one who !ecomes a source of wise counse to the #rime 9inister. If the

#resident )oins hands with the #rime 9inister, the two can !ecome a powerfu source of

constitutiona and poitica whoesomeness. A #resident can hep the #rime 9inister ward off

unheathy demands of coaition partners. Or, simiary, the #resident can pay a wecome corrective

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part in the matter of )udicia appointments !y the simpe stratagem of keeping a du!ious fie

pending, )ust as #resident aam once did.

• In the era of coaition poitics and government, the roe of the president is of critica significance. $he

provisions of the %onstitution couped with the precedents set !y the successive presidents

constitute the source of inspiration and guidance to the future presidents of our country.

•

$oday, a #resident can easiy succum! to the temptation of muddying the waters and dominate the

news waves. $he Indian repu!ic finds itsef at a crossroads when every institution is seeking to

maimise its reach and infuence at the epense of the eecutive. It shoud !e remem!ered that

?ashtrapati 2havan is not a riva centre of authority. It is against the etter and spirit of the

%onstitution to in)ect the notions of an Qactivist* #resident.

C!I : ;

<. (a) =Police +eform must e ased on certain core principles failin# which it will reduce to a cosmetic

and ineffective makeover of the Police.= laorate.

Answer format-

• It is generay agreed that the #oice system in India is in need of reform in ine with the changes in

the nature of state post3independence.

• (owever, there is divergence of opinion on many issues pertaining to reforms in the poice.

• $his necessitates a framework of foowing principes on the !asis of which specific issues of reform

may !e de!ated upon

• ?epsonsi!iity of the Dected 7overnment Dected government is accounta!e to the +egisature and

to the peope. $hus whie granting autonomy to the poice is necessary, !road direction and

supervision of the poice !y the eected government /poitica eecutive0.

• Authority, Autonomy and Accounta!iity 'or each arm of the poice /e.g. $raffic, inteigence, riot3

contro etc.0 functiona autonomy and authority commensurate with its re4uirements is needed. $he

authortiy and autonomy shoud !e ceary codified. At the same time, strong and ceary verifia!e

means of accounta!iity must !e present to ensure 7ood 7overnance and protect citiBens from

a!use of authority.

• >isaggregation and >econcentration As of now generay a singe monoithic poice force discharges

severa functions athough certain specia wings /tourist poice etc.0 have !een created. $hus many

functions from support to state functionaries in remova of unauthorised structures to fire

protection and rescue and reief are treated as poice functions. $his system is dysfunctiona !ecause

/i0 core functions are often negectedL /ii0 there is diution of accounta!iity since duties are not

ceary and unam!iguousy statedL /iii0 skis and aptitude needed for various functions are uni4ue

and com!ination of unreated functions undermines morae and professiona competenceL /iv0 each

system re4uires different system of contro and eve of accounta!iity. #oice must !e re3structured

on ines of three categories of functions /i0 %rime InvestigationL /ii0 +aw and Order < with emphasis

on progressive outsourcing of periphera functions such as ceremonia duties, service of summons,

protection of state assets etc.L and /iii0 +oca #oicing.

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• Sef3esteem of #oice %ose to RE of poice force consists of #oice %onsta!es. As a resut of various

eves of recruitment, a consta!e can generay epect ony one promotion in service and retires as

(ead %onsta!e. +ong and difficut working hours, menia duties they are forced to perform and

contiuna interference in service matters tend to dehumanise and !rutaise the poice especiay the

consta!uary. $hus poice recruitment must !e restructured so as to enhance the motivation, morae

and sef3esteem of poice.

•

#rofessionaisation, Dpertise and Infrastructure Speciaised training faciities, forensic a!oratories

for every - to 5 miion popuation, strong communications support, state3of3the art weapons and

non3etha means of riot3contro etc.

• Attendant %rimina +aw ?eform #oice reform is necessary !ut not sufficient 3 Kudicia manpower

must !e increased /mention comparative ratio of )udge popuation in India v. >eveoped countries0,

reform of procedura aws for protection of witnesses and enhanced penaty for per)ury etc.

• #oice shoud !e a Service #ream!e of 6N 2asic #rincipes on 6se of 'orce mentions that the work

of aw enforcement officias is a socia service. $he concept of services entais focus on citiBen centric

poice, respect for human rights and dignity etc. $he #oice Act and other reevant aws must !e re3

formuated in order to meet these ends.

• #oice reforms must !e !ased on the a!ovementioned principes. $hese principes are not ehaustive

and may !e suppemented with other principes where situation so demands.

() 5Centre-tate financial relation is a very delicate issue and it needs a complete chan#e not only in

the perceptions$ ut also at the implementation level.2 Comment.

Answer format-

$he most important pro!em for a the state governments is the shortage of financia sources within the

present structure of %entre3State reations. On the one hand, the financia re4uirements of the states

are vasty increasing, and on the other hand, the %entre has !een graduay encroaching on financia

powers and cornering for itsef a ma)or share of the tota nationa resources.

• Another tendency noticed has !een the increasing inde!tedness of the States to the %entre for

various deveopmenta purposes. $he states are finding themseves una!e to repay the instaments

or interests on the de!ts without further centra assistance.

• $he Seventh Schedue of the %onstitution vests the taing powers !oth in the 6nion +ist and the

State +ist !ut there is a contradiction !etween the eastic sources of revenue earmarked for the

%entre& and the epansive deveopmenta ependiture of the States.

Note Also we need to write how the FC’s role being hindered by (PC and Art. !"#. $mpact o% &'T and

Centrally 'ponsored 'cheme can also be illustrated. And we can correspondingly write in conclusion what

needs to be done to make these relationships better.

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(c) Are the coalition #overnments the main reason ehind Policy Paralysis in India8

Answer >ormat-

$oalition o,t+-

3 9ore instances of difference of opinion in the same ministry

3

+ack of cear ideoogy creates confusion in pu!ic service3 Insta!iity in poitics creates insta!iity in pu!ic service

3 'auty decision making and coordination*

3

2ecause coordination capacity of #9 gets diuted, it has !earings over effectiveness of ca!inet

secretary.

3

#oitica consensus over any pu!ic poicy within govt acks which has !earings on pu!ic service

3

At times fre4uent changes in poicies and programmes have impications on the poicy accounta!iity

$hough %oaition govt is one of the reason of poicy paraysis !ut the main reason is ack of strong wi of

the govt.

Note 'ome current eamples o% F)$ in retail* deregulation o% oil prices can be mentioned. Also we can

mention in conclusion how the govt can handle the coalition govt as +PA,- did during the $ndo,+'

nuclear deal.

(d) %iscuss the factors that cause conflict etween tate #overnor and tate chief minister ? council of

ministers.

Answer 6ormat-

Intro3 2riefy descri!e artice 1:5 and 1:; defining the reationships !=w the two

3 $endency of gov to interfere in top administrative matters

3

>ifference of opinion in caing specia session of state egisative assem!y

3

>uring care taker govt governor may try to intervene in some matters

3 $here may !e difference of opinion regarding specia message to !e sent to the egisative assem!y

3

Specia responsi!iities of the governor may overap with the norma functiona areas of the state

govts

3 If governor criticiBes the poicies prog of the state govt

3

hen !i passed !y the state egisature is reserved !y the governor for the assent of president

3 Appointment of governor without the consutation of state chief minister

3 If party in power at union eve and state eve is different and governor is of opposite party

3

Adverse reporting !y the governor to the president.

Note There can be some recent eamples like in &uarat on issue o% appointment o% /okayukta* similarly

in 0arnataka there were issues between C1 and &overnor over the prosecution o% ministers. And end the

answer with a positive conclusion %or a harmonious role between the two.

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@. (a) !he process known as 5a#encification2 has een the cornerstone of pulic service reforms around

the world. 0amine the aove preposition with suitale e0amples from India and aroad.

Answer format-

• 7overnment organisationa structures are usuay !ased on e!erian principes such as division of

work, hierarchy, adherence to rues, impersona functioning etc. (owever, such structures are more

suited to command and contro functions and ess suited to deveopmenta functions of state.

• (ence structures need to !e redesigned to make the government apparatus an instrument of service

to peope.

• $he concern for effective governance that gives !est vaue for money to tapayers, meets the needs

of its citiBens and is accounta!e has ed to a num!er of mechanisms and techni4ues such as

Agencification.

• $he !asic idea !ehind agencification is that agencies shoud !e carved out of government

departments to carry out specific eecutive functions within a poicy framework and with the hep ofresources provided !y the concerned 9inistry.

• $he intention is to separate poicy making from impementation and to !ring in professiona

management for impementation. Dach agency is headed !y a %hief Decutive with considera!e

operationa freedom.

• $his mode has !een used in severa countries

• 6 government ependiture reduced !y more than 1E within a coupe of years of impementation

of agencification.

• New Meaand %hief Decutives were vested with sufficient power. #erformance agreements

!etween 9inistry and agency define the parameters of performance.

• Austraia A ine departments function in the agency mode.

• Simiar eampes in Kapan, Sweden etc.

• In India, some agencies are structured as departments, some have statutory !acking and others are

registered as a company, cooperative, trust etc.

•

(owever, !ecause of centraised contros, there is ack of operationa autonomy and fei!iity. $hereis a focus on inputs rather than resuts.

• (ence athough there is a need to structure organisations invoved in poicy impementation as

agencies mere creation of agencies is not sufficient.

• >epending on the nature of functions to !e carried out, an agency can !e in the form of a company

or society or statutory corporation.

• 'urther, a !aance needs to !e created !etween Autonomy and Accounta!iity. Iustration with the

hep of 9o6 and ?'>.

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• $hus, agencification needs to !e remodeed to suit specific re4uirements in the case of India.

#rovided the issues discussed a!ove are addressed, agencification can serve as an important too in

creation of citiBen3centric administration.

() &Collector$ y virtue of his position$ still acts as a leader$ a motivator and a people2s developer'.

%iscuss with recent e0amples from various districts of India.

Answer format-

9uti3dimensiona roe3

10 +aw Order3 deveopmenta roe

"0 %oercive roe3 wefaristic

-0

%ontroing3 faciitator

50 +aisseB faire3 participatory

C0

Autocratic=centric3 democratic decentraiBation

?oes in detai3/)ust mention in a paragraph0

10 ?evenue administration

"0 +aw and order admn

-0

>% as deveopmenta officer

50 >% as district officer

C0

?oe in eections

:0

>% as census officer

;0

%risis managerH0

>% as pu!ic reations officer

R0 >% as a !ridge !=w civi miitary admn

%oordinator at district eve

2eow mentioned eampes of coectors from various districts of India3

10

Vinee rishnan < 9akangiri

"0

#eope*s IAS officer3 S. ?. Sankaran

-0 6 Sagayam, %oector of Namakka district

50

Ar)un ?am 9eghwa3 'ormer IAS officer

C0

?oopa 9ishra3 Orissa

%oncusion how the roe of coector needs to !e defined in wake of oca sef3govt.

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. (a) &Parliament no lon#er controls #overnment$ it is the other way round.22 In re#ard to the statement

#iven$ analy/e the declinin# role of parliament in the Indian democracy.

Answer format-

$he decine of pariament is 4uaitative and 4uantitative.

•

'or over -E years no private mem!er*s !i had !een passed whie government !is were passedunthinkingy.

• #ariament has no financia contro over the government. (undreds of financia demands are passed

in hours, even the whoe !udget is passed within minutes.

• $he Indian governance structure does not re4uire an eected government to seek prior

pariamentary approva of any internationa agreement that it wishes to sign. In many countries,

incuding those in Durope and 7reece, a government*s commitment to an internationa agreement is

aways su!)ect to its #ariament*s approva.

•

$his is a governance structure that aways suits the govt, giving it fei!iity to decide on internationaagreements or sign !iatera or mutiatera treaties. 'or instance, it does not need #ariament*s prior

approva !efore making necessary changes in its dou!e ta avoidance treaty with 9auritius, or for

that matter any other country

• $here was a time when the government was de!ating whether any disinvestment of its e4uity in a

pu!ic sector undertaking shoud !e first ceared !y #ariament. $hat de!ate did not ast very ong

and the rues on this remain unchanged. $he government of the day can go ahead and divest its

stake in a pu!ic sector company without #ariament*s approva.

• At the time of framing the fisca responsi!iity and !udget management egisation, there was a

proposa that any change in the target of deficit covered under the aw shoud !e aowed ony after

#ariament*s approva. (owever, this proposa, too, was re)ected and the deficit targets are set and

revised through notifications, which can !e issued !y the eecutive, without any reference to

#ariament as ong as the eves are within the !road imits fied in the egisation.

• 7AA? has aso raised issues a!out #ariamentary authority 3 $here are concerns a!out whether

uniatera action !y an arm of the government, in this case the revenue department, can override a

treaty with another nation P in this case, eg 9auritius P approved !y #ariament.

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() =Police is 3ust one of the many instrumentalities of the tate to maintain Pulic rder.= Comment.

Answer format-

• #u!ic Order impies a!sence of riot, revot, unruiness and awessness. Irrespective of nature of

poity, maintenance of pu!ic order is regarded as one of the most important functions of state.

• Instrumentaities of state to ensure #u!ic Order incude

#?DVDN$ION >D$D??DN%D

7ood

7overnance

Inteigence #reventive 9easures %rimina Kustice System #risons

#O+I%D

•

Dpain the importance of each of the a!ove eements.

(c) Amal#amation$ ifurcation$ trifurcation and a#ain mer#ers are a continuin# process of

departmentali/ation in India at the ,nion as well as tate. ustantiate.

Answer format-

$here are severa reasons of creation, !ifurcation, amagamation, trifurcation and a!oition of the

>epartments in India3

1.

In India, $he power of making any ad)ustment in >epartment is centered in #oitica Decutive, the

#oitica eecutive is at i!erty to design and redesign its Administrative system. 2ut in 6SA it ies in

hand of +egisature. /Tuote Dampes3 Dducation >epartment in ?a)asthan0

".

State has eperimented from time to time with new >epartments according to the needs of time.

Some have survived and some have not. +ike the eistence of Dccesiastica >epartment in Sikkim

even today. And A!oition of >epartment of State #u!ic undertaking and corporations in Odisha.

-.

SiBe of #opuation in states ed to increased responsi!iities so creation of new department is

unavoida!e.

5. ?evenue of state is aso a factor which ed to a!oition as we as merger of some underperforming

>epartments.

B. (a) !he personality of chief minister- his aility$ ehavior and character are of paramount si#nificance

ecause on his vision and competence depends the effectiveness of the state administration.

laorate.

Answer >ormat-

$he visi!e tendency of centraiBation of power in the seats of 7overnance and the position of %9 has

gained su!stantiay greater strength than !efore !ecause3

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1.

%9 is the rea head of the state poitica Administrative system

". (e is the

3

chief poicy makers

3 #rincipa #anner

3 (ead of counci of 9inisters

3

#oitica (ead of key >epartment

3

%oordinator of state Administration3 %atayst to Administrative reform

3

7uardian of civi services

3 +eader of poitica #arty and voice of #eope

-. (e is not Primus inter pares.

So considering the a!ove, we can say the personaity of chief minister3 his a!iity, !ehavior and character

are of paramount significance for !ringing the effectiveness in state Administration.

Note There can be eamples o% some states like 2ihar* &uarat* and )elhi. 'imilarly the case o%

0arnataka can be shown where a poor C1 has eroded the e%%iciency o% administration.

() =Any financial mana#ement system$ howsoever sound$ will not e ale to deliver the desired

outcomes unless there are stron# internal and e0ternal oversi#ht mechanisms= %iscuss.

Answer format-

• #u!ic 'inancia 9anagement deas with a aspects of resource mo!iisation and ependiture

management in the government. ?ising aspirations of citiBens are pacing a heavy demand on the

financia resources of the government.

• In view of this vaue for money, effectiveness and efficiency of government has !ecome very

important. In order to ensure this strong interna as we as eterna oversight mechanisms are

necessary.

• #oints mentioned in ans to T. 1/c0 need to !e incuded in discussion of Interna mechanisms.

• Dterna contro in the contet of India consists primariy of Dterna Audit /%A70 and #ariamentary

%ontro.

•

#ariamentary contro can !e strengthened !y utiising the eisting %ommittee mechanisms in a!etter manner 3 su!3committees to eamine the reports of %A7 in greater detai etc.

• Dterna Audit refers to review of financia statements and reports of an entity !y someone not

affiiated with the entity.

• Dterna Audit is considered important for ensuring accounta!iity of the eecutive !ecause it carries

out the foowing roes

• Assurance to the #ariament =State +egisature that pu!ic money has !een spent for the purpose for

which it was sanctioned.

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• (eps in acertaining whether the purpose for which pu!ic money had !een sanctioned has !een

achieved.

• 2y its very nature of independent eterna scrutiny, it !ecomes an important eement of ensuring

pu!ic accounta!iity.

• Acts as a deterrent against careess decision making and irresponsi!e attitude towards pu!ic

ependiture.

• (eps in esta!ishing pu!ic confidence that pu!ic money is !eing spent propery.

• (eps in achieving fu vaue for money !y checking the economy, efficiency and effectiveness of

pu!ic ependiture and evauation of service 4uaity.

• Adds vaue not merey !y anaysing and reporting what has happened !ut aso identifying essons

earned for the future.

• $hus Dterna Audit safeguards the financia interests of the 6nion= States. It aso promotes

accounta!iity and sound financia management.

Note The eamples %rom the recent CA& reports and their impact can be quoted. Also the need %or more

coordination between PAC and CA& can be emphasised in the same contet. Also we can give more

details about the parliamentary control.

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