Vinita Projct (2)

8/12/2019 Vinita Projct (2)

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Banking in a traditional sense is the business of accepting deposits of money

from public for the purpose of lending and investments. These deposits can have

a distinct feature of being withdrawal by cheques, which no other financial

institution can offer.

In addition, banks also offer various other financial services, which includes:-

Issuing emand raft and Travelers !heques

!redit !ard

!ollection of cheques, Bills of "#change

$afe eposit %ockers

Issuing %etters of !redit and %etters of &uarantee

$ale and 'urchases of (oreign "#change

!ustodial $ervices

Investment and Insurance service

The business of banking is highly regulated since banks deal with money offered

to them by the public and ensuring the safety of this public money is one of the

prime responsibilities of any bank. That is why banks are e#pected to be prudent

in their lending and investment activities. "very bank has !ompliance

department, which is responsible to ensure that all the services offered by the

banks and the processes followed are in compliance with the local regulation and

the bank)s corporate policies:

Banking *egulation +ct,

(oreign "#change /anagement +ct,

Indian !ontract +ct, 012

3egotiable Instrument +ct, 00

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Banks lend money either for productive purposes to individuals, firm corporate

etc. or for buying house property, cars and other durable and for investment

purposes to individuals and others.

4owever banks do not finance any speculative activity. %ending is risk taking5having prudent norms for lending should cover the risk. The depositors of banks

are also assured of their money by deploying some percentage of deposits in

statutory reserve like $%* and !**.

BANKING INDUSTRY IN INDIA

Banking in India has its origin as early as the 6edic period. It is believed that the

transition from money lending to banking must have occurred even before /anu.

The great 4indu 7urist, who devoted a section of his work to deposits and

advances and lay down rules relating to rate of interest. uring the /ogul period,

the indigenous banker played a very important role in lending money and

financing foreign trade and commerce. uring the days of the "ast India

!ompany it was the turn of the agency houses to carry on the banking business.

The &eneral Bank of India was the first 8oint $tock Bank to be established in the

year 109. The others, which followed, were the Bank of 4industan and Bengal

Bank. The bank of 4industan is reported to have continued till 9 while the

other two failed in the meantime. In Bank of Bengal in 0 , the Bank of Bombay

in 0 and the bank of madras in 0 ;. These three banks also known aspresidency Bank were independent units and functioned well. These three banks

were amalgam

+cted on 21 th 7anuary 2 .


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India $I BIC, $!I!I %td., 3ational Bank for +griculture and *ural

evelopment 3+B+* , "#port Import Bank of India.

NATIONAL HOUSING BANK

The Indian banking can be broadly categori?ed into 3ationali?ed, 'rivate Banks

@ $peciali?ed Banking Institution. The *BI +ct as a centrali?ed body monitoring

and discrepancies and short coming in the system. $ince the 3ationali?ation of

Banks in 9 , the public sector banks have accrued a place of prominence and

have since then seen tremendous progress. !onservative banking practices

allowed India Banks to be insulated partially form the +sia currency crises, Indiabanks are now quoting all higher valuation when compared to Bank to other

+sian countries that have ma8or problems linked to huge 3'+)s and payment

defaults. !o-operative banks are nimble footed in approach and armed with

efficient branch network focus primarily on the high revenue niche retail

segments. The India banking was finally worked up to the competitive dynamic of

the new India market and is addressing the relevant issues to take on the

multifarious challenges of globali?ation.

'rivate Banks has been fast on the uptake and is reorienting their strategies

using the interest as a medium. The Interest has emerged as the new

challenging frontier of marketing. The large does of liberali?ation have largely

brought this transformation and economic reforms that allowed banks to e#plore

new business opportunities rather generating revenues from conventional

streams i.e. borrowing and lending.

The banking in India is highly fragmented with banking unit contributing to almost== of deposits and 9 D of advances. Indian nationali?ed banks continue to be

the ma8or lender in the economy duet to their sheer si?e and penetrative

networks which assures them high deposit mobili?ation. The India banking can

be broadly categori?ed into nationali?ed, private banks and speciali?ed banking

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institutions. The *BI acts as a centrali?ed body monitoring any discrepancies and

shortcoming in the system. It is foremost monitoring body in the Indian financial

sector. The nationali?ed banks continue that out of commercial banks operating

in India, banks are in the public sector and = are in the private sector. The private

sector bank grids also include foreign banks that have started their operation

here.

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CHAPTER 2

INTRODUCTION TO

ORGANISATION

Introdu t!on o" A#!$ B%n&

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!ommercial banking services which includes merchant banking, direct finance

infrastructure finance, venture capital fund, advisory, trusteeship, fore#, treasury

and other related financial services. +s on ; -/ar-2 , the &roup has 021

branches, e#tension counters and ;,= = automated teller machines +T/sC.

+#is Bank was the first of the new private banks to have begun operations in

, after the &overnment of India allowed new private banks to be established.

The Bank was promoted 8ointly by the +dministrator of the specified undertaking

of the Anit Trust of India ATI - IC, %ife Insurance !orporation of India %I!C and

&eneral Insurance !orporation of India &I!C and other four '$A insurance

companies, i.e. 3ational Insurance !ompany %td., The 3ew India +ssurance

!ompany %td., The >riental Insurance !ompany %td. and Anited India Insurance

!ompany %td. The Bank today is capitali?ed to the e#tent of *s. ;= .19 cores

with the public holding other than promotersC at =1.1 D.The BankEs *egistered

>ffice is at +hmadabad and its !entral >ffice is located at /umbai. The Bank

has a very wide network of more than 0=; branches and "#tension !ounters as

on ; th 7une 2 C. The Bank has a network of over ;12; +T/s as on ; th

7une 2 C providing 2 hrs a day banking convenience to its customers. This is

one of the largest +T/ networks in the country. The Bank has strengths in both

retail and corporate banking and is committed to adopting the best industrypractices internationally in order to achieve e#cellence.

H!$tor' o" A#!$ (%n&-

1))* + The Bank was incorporated on ;rd ecember and !ertificate of business

on th ecember. The Bank transacts banking business of all description. ATIBank %td. was promoted by Anit Trust of India, %ife Insurance !orporation of

India, &eneral Insurance !orporation of India and its four subsidiaries. The bank

was the first private sector bank to get a license under the new guidelines issued

by the *BI.

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1)), + The Bank obtained license to act as epository 'articipant with 3$ %and applied for registration with $"BI to act as FTrustee to ebenture 4oldersE.

*upees crores was contributed by ATI, the rest from %I! *s 1.= crores, &I!and its four subsidiaries *s .= crores each.

1)) +The Bank has 20 branches in urban and semi urban areas as on ; st 7uly. +ll the branches are fully computeri?ed and networked through 6$+T. +T/

services are available in 21 branches. The Bank came out with a public issue of

,= , , 3o. of equity shares of *s each at a premium of *s per share

aggregating to *s ; .= crores and >ffer for sale of 2, , , 3o. of equity

shares for cash at a price of *s 2 per share. >ut of the public issue 2, 2 ,

shares were reserved for allotment on preferential basis to employees of ATI

Bank. Balance of ;, 1, 0 , shares were offered to the public. The company

offers +T/ cards, using which account-holders can withdraw money from any of

the bankEs +T/s across the country which is inter-connected by 6$+T. ATI Bank

has launched a new retail product with operational fle#ibility for its customers.

ATI Bank will sign a co-brand agreement with the market, leader, !itibank 3+ for

entering into the highly promising credit card business.

2... + The Bank has announced the launch of Tele- epository $ervices for Its

depository clients. ATI Bank has launch of FconnectE, its Internet banking 'roduct.

ATI Bank has signed a memorandum of understanding with equitymaster.com for

e-broking activities of the site. Infinity.com financial $ecurities %td., an e-broking

outfit is Typing up with ATI Bank for a banking interface. &eo8it $ecurities %td, the

first company to start online trading services, has signed a /oue with ATI Bankto enable investors to buyGsell emat stocks through the companyEs website.

India bulls have signed a memorandum of understanding with ATI Bank. ATI

Bank has entered into an agreement with $tock 4olding !orporation of India for

providing loans against shares to $!4!I%Es customers and funding investors in

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public and rights issues. I!*+ has upgraded the rating ATI BankEs *s = crore

certificate of deposit programmed to + H.

2..1 + ATI Bank launched a private placement of non-convertible debentures torise up to *s 1= crores. ATI Bank has opened two offsite +T/s and one

e#tension counter with an +T/ in /angalore, taking its total number of +T/s

across the country to ;==. ATI Bank has recorded a 92 per cent rise in net profit

for the quarter ended $eptember ; , 2 , at *s ; . = crore. (or the second

quarter ended $eptember ; , 2 , the net profit was *s . 0 crore. The total

income of the bank during the quarter was up =; per cent at *s ;99.2= crore.

2..2 + ATI Bank %td has informed B$" that $hri B * Barwale has resigned as a

irector of the Bank w.e.f. 7anuary 2, 2 2. + ! $hah, former chairman of Bank

of Baroda, also retired from the bank)s board in the third quarter of last year. 4is

place continues to be vacant. / amodaran took over as the director of the

board after taking in the reins of ATI. B $ 'andit has also 8oined the bank)s

board subsequent to the retirement of & 6assal. ATI Bank %td has informed

that $hri 'aul (letcher has been appointed as an +dditional irector 3ominee of

! ! (inancial $ervice /auritiusC %td of the Bank. +nd $hri onald 'eck has

been appointed as an +dditional irector nominee of $outh +sia *egional (undC

of the Bank. ATI Bank %td has informed that on laying down the office of

!hairman of %I! on being appointed as !hairman of $"BI, $hri & 3 Ba8pai,

3ominee irector of %I! has resigned as a irector of the Bank.

2..* + ATI Bank %td has informed B$" that at the meeting of the Board of

irectors of the company held on 7anuary 9, 2 ;, $hri * 3 Bharadwa8,/anaging irector of %I! has been appointed as an +dditional irector of the

Bank with immediate effect on ATI Bank5 the private sector bank has opened a

branch at 3ellore. The bankEs !hairman and /anaging irector, r '.7. 3ayak,

inaugurating the bank branch at &T *oad on /ay 29. $peaking on the occasion,

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r 3ayak said. This marks another step towards the e#tensive customer banking

focus that we are providing across the country and reinforces our commitment to

bring superior banking services, marked by convenience and closeness to

customers. -ATI Bank %td. has informed the "#change that at its meeting held on

7une 2=, 2 ; the B> have decided the following: C To appoint /r. + T

'annier $elvam, former !/ of Anion Bank of India and 'rof. 7ayanth 6arma of

the Indian Institute of /anagement, +hmadabad as additional directors of the

Bank with immediate effect. (urther, /r. 'annir $elvam will be the nominee

director of the +dministrator of the specified undertaking of the Anit Trust of India

ATI-IC and /r. 7ayanth 6arma will be an Independent irector. 2C To issue 3on-

!onvertible Ansecured *edeemable ebentures up to *s. crores, in one or

more tranches as the BankEs Tier - II capital. -ATI has been authori?ed to launch9 +T/s on the


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wholly owned subsidiary of iebold Incorporated, has secured a ma8or contract

for the supply of +T/s and services to ATI Bank -4$B! completes acquisition of

.9D stake in ATI Bank for .9 m -ATI Bank installs +T/ in Thiruvananthapuram

-%aunches *emittance !ardE in association with *emit2India, a


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look after and administer the schemes under ATI where &overnment has

continuing obligations and commitments to the investors, which it will uphold.

MILESTONE

/ar- 0 +#is Bank launches 'latinum !redit !ard, IndiaEs first "/6 chip based card

ec- 1 +#is Bank gets +++ 3ational %ong-Term *ating from (itch *atings

$ept- 1 +#is Bank ties up with Banque 'rivLe "dmond de *othschild "urope for


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4ybrid !apital in the International /arket

+ug- 9 ATI Bank Business &old ebit !ard /aster!ard %aunched - esigned forbusiness related spending by $/"s and self employed professionals

+ug- 9 ATI Bank announces the scheme of issuance of M$enior !iti?en I !ardM in

association with ignity (oundation +ug- 9 ATI Bank rolls out its 2 th +T/

7uly- 9 ATI Bank opens *epresentative >ffice in $hanghai

/ay- 9 ATI Bank and %I! 8oin hands to launch an +nnuity !ard for group pensioners of%I!

/ay- 9 ATI Bank ties up with &eo8it (inancial $ervices to offer >nline Trading service toits customers

+pr- 9 ATI Bank opens its first international branch in $ingapore

7an- 9 ATI Bank and ATI /utual (und to launch a new service for sale and redemptionof mutual fund schemes through the BankEs +T/s across the country

ec- = ATI Bank wins International (inancing *eview I(*C +sia EIndia Bond 4ouseEaward for the year 2 =

>ct- = ATI Bank e#tends banking services to the rural milk producers in +nand andheda districts in &u8arat

7uly- = ATI Bank and 6isa International launch /obile *efill facility - +nytime, +nywhere're-'aid /obile *efill for all 6isa !ardholders in India

/ay- = ATI Bank and Ba8a8 +llian? 8oin hands to distribute general insurance products

+pr- = ATI Bank launches $mart 'rivilege - a special bank account designed for women/ar- = /T3% ties up with ATI Bank for payment of telephone bills through the BankEs

+T/ network

/ar- = ATI Bank gets listed on the %ondon $tock "#change, raises A$N 2; .; millionthrough &lobal

/ar- = epositary *eceipts & *sC

(eb- = ATI Bank appointed by &overnment of arnataka as the sole banker for theBangalore >ne B C pro8ect

(eb- = ATI Bank launches a powerful version of isan !redit !ard

7an- = ATI Bank ties up with *emit2India to launch the *emittance !ard

/ar- ATI Bank enables premium payment of %I! policies through its +T/s.

(eb- Bilateral arrangement between $tate Bank of India and its 1 associate memberbanksC and ATI Bank. comes into force with the commencement of operations ason ;rd (ebruary E C of the combined network of over +T/s

(eb- ATI Bank by pursuing a proactive strategy of forging bilateral agreements and

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being a progressive player in the multi-lateral consortiums for shared +T/networkC offers its customers access to over 1 +T/s across the country - thelargest to be offered by any bank in India so far.

ec- ; Bank inaugurated its +T/ at Thegu near the 3athula 'ass in $ikkim. This +T/ isat the highest altitude in India.

$ep- ; The BankEs +T/s across the country crosses the thousand mark

$ep- ; Bank launches the Travel !urrency !ard.

+ug- ; The BankEs ebit !ard crosses the one million mark.

+ug- ; Total +dvances cross *s 1, !rore.

/ay- ; Bank declares a net profit of *s 2. 0 crores for (O ;, a growth of ;D over theprevious year

/ar- ; Bank signs +greement with "mployees 'rovident (und >rgani?ation "'(>C fordisbursement of 'ension

/ar- ; Bank crosses the 0 +T/ mark

/ar- ; The Bank issues ;,0;,92,0; fully paid up equity shares totaling to *s. 9 .crores, through a

/ar- ; 'referential offer to %ife Insurance !orporation of India now constituting ;.= Dof

/ar- ; the BankEs e#panded equityC, !iticorp Banking !orporation, Bahrain holding;.0 DC, !hris !apital I,

/ar- ; %%!, /auritius holding ;.0 DC and arur 6ysya Bank %td. constituting . DCThe Bank also

/ar- ; Increases the authori?ed share capital of the Bank from *s. 2; crores to *s. ;crores.

(eb- ; Bank, in a pioneering move, launches the +T '+* !heque facility, free of cost, forall its $avings Bank customers.

(eb- ; Bank wins mandate to set up +T/s at the ct- 2 Bank launches !orporate i!onnectP - the Internet Banking facility for !orporate

+ug- 2 Bank signs /oA with B$3% regarding bill collection services across the countrythrough both online and offline channels.

+pr- 2 Bank opens its = th +T/

/ar- 2 eposits !ross *s. 2, !rore

7an- 2 The BankEs th branch opens at Tuticorin, Tamilnadu

7an- 2 The Bank opens an +T/ at the &ol ak- hana, i.e. the 3ew elhi &'>, makingit the first instance of a commercial bank setting up an +T/ at any post-office inthe country.

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ec- Total +dvances cross *s =, !rore

3ov- The deposit base for the Bank crosses *s. , !rore

$ep- 'rivate placement of 29D stake in the Bank to ! ! !apital 'artners. ATI holdingreduces to .00D

+ug- Bank signs /oA with India 'ost for introducing value added financial productsand services to customers of both organi?ations, including setting up of ATI Bank

+T/s in post offices.

7uly- Bank ties up with &ovt of +ndhra 'radesh for collection of commercial ta#

ec- Bank opens its 2 th +T/. It becomes the 2nd largest +T/ network in thecountry, a position held even today.

>ct- Bank becomes fully networked

7uly- "-commerce initiatives announced

7uly- (inancial +dvisory $ervices offered beginning with marketing of A$ 9

+pr- ATI Bank calls off its proposed merger with &lobal Trust Bank and surges aheadon its own.

+pr- Bank launches its Internet banking module, i!onnect *etail loans introduced forthe first time by the Bank

/ar- 'rofits cross *s = crore mark for the first time.

(eb- Bank adopts (inancial software from Infosys for core banking

7an- r.'.7 3ayak takes over as !hairman and /anaging irector from $hri $upriya&upta.

$ep- !ash management services !/$C launched, !o branded credit card launched

/ar- eposits cross *s.; crores

$ep- 0 ATI Bank goes public with a *s. 1 crore public issue5 Issue over-subscribed .2times, over lakh retail investors. ATI holding reduces to 9 .0=D

7un- 9 !rosses *s. crore deposit mark

/ar- = !ompletes first profitable year in operation

+pr- (irst branch of ATI Bank inaugurated at +hmadabad by '.!4IT+/B"*/ $I3&4,4onEble (inance /inister, &overnment of India.

ec- ; ATI Bank comes into beingec- ; *egistered office at +hmadabad5 4ead office at /umbai

PRODUCT O5 A6IS BANK

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"asy +ccess $aving +ccount

$aving +ccount for s $aving +ccount

*esident (oreign !urrency +ccount

>nline Trading +ccount

!urrent +ccount

Term eposits

%ocker (acilities

3*I $ervices

epository $ervices

(inancial +dvisory $ervices


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CHAPTER *

RESEARCH METHOLODIGIES

R3$3%r 8 M3t8odo9o '

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T!t93 o" t83 $tud'+-

SCOPE O5 HOUSING 5INANCE AND RETAIL 5INANCE :

Dur%t!on o" t83 $tud'+ - = +O$ T*+I3I3&

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S3 ond%r' d%t%+ - It consists of information that already e#ists havingbeen collected for another purpose. 93 $!?3 %nd 43t8od o" $393 t!n $%4>93=-

S%4>93 C8%r% t3r!$t! $ (' Lo%n T3r4

%ess thanQequal to = Oears

+verage loan si?e of *s. ;, ,9 , with 1;.9D of loans sanctioned since

7uly

'roportion of fi#ed rate loans at ; .2D

%owest average property area . = sqmC and income *s. 21,091C,

$hare of up gradation loans at 20.9D

'resence of co-obligants at ;1.9D and self-employed borrowers at 9. D

II* at 22.2 D and %!* at 9 . D

(rom to = Oears

+verage loan si?e of *s. 2,1 , 0 , with = .=9D of loans sanctioned since

7uly

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'roportion of fi#ed rate loans at . D

'roperty area at 00.1 sqm and income at *s. , 1=

Ap gradation loans at 0.2D $elf-employed borrowers at 9. D and the presence of co-obligants at

;9.9D

II* at 20. D and %!* at 91.0;D

(rom = to Oears

+verage loan si?e of *s. ;, , 0;, with 9;.19D of loans sanctioned since

7uly

'roportion of fi#ed rate contract at 2 .1D

+verage property area .21 sqmC and income at *s. 0, 2=C,

Ap gradation loans at 2 . D and the presence of co-obligants at ; .1D

$elf-employed borrowers at 1.1D

II* at 2 .0 D and %!* at 9;. D

+bove = Oears

+verage loan si?e of *s. ;,29,0 , with 0 .1=D of loans sanctioned since

7uly

'roportion of fi#ed rate contract at ;.=D

+verage property area at ;. sqm and monthly income at *s. =, 0;

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Ap gradation loans at 2. D

$elf-employed borrowers at =. D and the presence of co-obligants at

.2D

II* at ; .0 D and %!* at 1 . ;D

S%4>93 C8%r% t3r!$t! $ (' S%n t!on A4ount

%ess than *s. ,

4igh proportion of fi#ed rate contracts at . D, with proportion of loans

with term below = years at 2=.91D and above = Oears at 9.19D

%owest average property area 0=.2 sqmC and income *s. ,902C and

high share of up gradation loans ;0.=DC,

'resence of co-obligants at 2 . D and self-employed borrowers at . D

%!* at =0.9 D and II* at 9.9=D

Between *s. , to *s. 2 ,

'roportion of fi#ed rate contract at 2=.2D, with proportion of loans withterm below = years at .;0D and above = Oears at =. D

+verage property area 0 . 0 sqmC and income at *s. ,= C andpresence of co obligants at ; .;D.

Ap gradation loans at .9D $elf-employed borrowers at .91D

II* at 29.=1D and %!* at 9;.9 D

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Between *s. 2 , to *s. = ,

'roportion of fi#ed rate contracts at 9.2D, with proportion of loans with

term below = years at 9. 2D and above = Oears at =. D

'roperty area at =.11 sqm and income at *s. =, and up gradation

loans at 9.=;D

$elf-employed borrowers at 9. 1D and the presence of co-obligants

2.2DC

II* at ; . 0D and %!* at 9 .1=D

Between *s. = , to *s. , ,

'roportion of fi#ed rate contract at .=D, proportion of loans with term

below = years at 1. D and above = Oears at 2 . D

+verage property area at ; . 9 sqm and monthly income at *s. ; ,909

and up gradation loans at 2.=2D

$elf-employed borrowers at 2.;2D, with the presence of co-obligants

==. DC,

II* at ;2.92D and %!* at 1;. 0D

$elf-employed borrowers at 9.9;D and the presence of co-obligants

. DC,

II* at 2=.29D and %!* at 91. =D

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ver 2. 0D are of - = year maturity and 9.92D below years

;. 4ighest average property area 21. sqmC, relatively higher income *s.,2 C,

. *elatively higher share of up gradation 1DC

=. 4ighest presence of co-obligates DC and highest proportion of self-

employed 0.1;DC

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9. %owest II* among regions at 2=.2D and low %!* 9 . DC

"astern *egion

. $mall value loans =;D below *s. 2 , C, with proportion of fi#ed rate

contract at 2=.1D,

2. >ver . D are of - = year maturity and 9. 1D below years

;. $econd lowest average property area 0 . sqmC, lowest monthly income *s.

=,1 2C,

. 4igh proportion of up gradation loans 1DC.

=. %owest proportion of self-employed borrowers ;. 9DC and relatively higher

presence of co-obligates ; DC,

9. *elatively low II* 29.;DC, but high %!* 91. DC.

S%4>9!n >ro 3dur3The sample is selected in a random way, irrespective of them being investor

or not or availing the services or not. It was collected through mails and

personal visits to the known persons, by formal and informal talks and

through filling up the questionnaire prepared. The data has been analy?ed by

using the measures of central tendencies like mean, median, mode. The

group has been selected and the analysis has been done on the basis

statistical tools available.

S%4>93 d3$! n

ata has been presented with the help of bar graph, pie charts, line graphs etc.

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$ome of the respondents shows biasness and gave wrong information

$ome of the respondents do not cooperate and are not interested in answering.

$ome of the persons were not so responsive.

'ossibility of error in data collection.

'ossibility of error in analysis of data due to small sample si?e.

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CHAPTER /DATA ANALYSIS

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RETAIL 5INANCE

I3T*> A!TI>3

Indian *etail finance continues to redefine the credit growth in the country. It

grew by a whopping . D in 2 =- 9 to touch *s;, =;0 billion. This leap was

despite the increase in risk weight by *BI for housing and real estate loans

during +ugust, 2 =. 4ousing, which constitutes more than =2D of all retail

loans, grew at a robust rate of .;=D during 2 =- 9. In order to help banks in

India to understand the market and competition and plan future strategies, we

have 8ust come out with an Industry Insight on Indian *etail finance K 2 9

edition. This report analyses the *etail finance market and its segments in India

and presents the key trends, along with issues and challenges.

The annual growth in bank credit to the commercial sector is at 2=. D as on

/arch ; , 2 1 and was lower than 21.2D against the previous year. Antil 2 ,

*etail finance is e#pected to grow at a !+&* of 20D to touch a figure of I3* ,

1 billion. This requires e#pansion and diversification of retail product portfolio,

better penetration and faster service mechanism. The report on *etail finance

Industry in India covers industry segments like housing loan, auto loan, personal

loan, education loan, consumer durable loan, credit card and regulatory frame

work for retail banks is also discussed. The report gives *etail finance industryEs

current performance and future outlook. + total of 22 ma8or retail banks in India

are covered in terms of their performance, strategy and outlook.

*etail finance in India has fast emerged as one of the ma8or drivers of the overall

banking industry and has witnessed enormous growth in the recent past. The

*etail (inance *eport encompasses e#tensive study @ analysis of this rapidly

growing sector. It primarily covers analysis of the present status, current trends,

ma8or issues @ challenges in the growth of the retail finance sector.

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*etail lending across the globe has been a showcase of innovation in the

commercial banking sector. !ountries like !hina and India have emerged as

potential markets with huge investment opportunities. The higher growth of retaillending in emerging economies is attributable to fast growth of personal wealth,

favorable demographic profile, rapid development in information technology, the

conducive macro-economic environment, financial market reforms, and several

micro-level supply side factors. . The retail finance strategies of banks are

undergoing ma8or transformation, as banks adopt a mi# of strategies like organic

growth, acquisitions and alliances. This has resulted in a paradigm shift in the

marketing strategies of the banks. 'ublic $ector Banks players are adopting

aggressive strategies, leveraging their branch network and their customer vase

to earn a larger share of the retail pie. Banks are also going in for innovative

strategies like cross selling and packaged selling of retail products. +t the same

time, new foreign players are also entering this high growth sector.

&*>


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U %oan for consumer goods.

U !redit and ebit cards-&lobal and international.

U %oan for holidays.

U Insurance products.

U &old loans.

U "vent loans.

U >verdraft.

U /utual funds etc.

U %easing, hire purchase and factoring services

R3t%!9 (%n&!n d3>o$!tor!3$ in various segments like children, housewives,

salaried class, professionals etc. include the following: -

U (le#i deposit accounts.

U $avings bank accounts.

U *ecurring deposit account.

U (i#ed deposit

U %ockers.

U >ther short-term deposits.

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Banks are coming out with more features to add value to retail banking products

and services. These are called 6+%A" + " '*> A!T$ +3 $"*6I!"$.

These include the following: -

U (ree collection of specified number of outstation instruments per month.

U Instant credit of outstation cheque.

U !oncession in commission, e#change for issuance of pay orders and demand

drafts.

U Issuance of free chequebooks.

U Issuance of free +T/ cards.

U Interest rate options fi#ed or floatingC

U n cards to the members of the cardholders.

U +ccident insurance cover.

U +rranging for insurance cover on the lockers in the bank.

U *educing the fees charged on locker facilities.

U (ree e#ecution of standing instructions of customers.

U (ree investment advisory services.

U %egal services for documentation

U $ervices to senior citi?ens

Ot83r $3r

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U 'ayment of bills like electricity bills, telephone bills and water bills etc. on due

date.

U 'ayment of monthly or quarterly education fee for children.

U 'ayment of insurance premium on or before due dates.

U emating of shares, debentures and bonds.

U Telephone banking.

U Internet banking.

U /aking payments at doorsteps.

$T*+T"&I"$ (>* I3!*"+$I3& *"T+I% B+3 I3& BA$I3"$$

+. !onstant product innovation to match the requirements of the customer

segments: The customer database available with the banks is the best source of

their demographic and financial information and can be used by the banks for

targeting certain customer segments for new or modified product. The banks

should come out with new products in the area of securities, mutual funds andinsurance

B. Juality service and quickness in delivery: +s most of the banks are offering

retail products of similar nature, the customers can easily switchover to the one,

which offers better service at comparatively lower costs. The quality of service

that banks offer and the e#perience that clients have, matter the most. 4ence, to

retain the customers, banks have to come out with competitive products

satisfying the desires of the customers at the click of a button.

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!. Introduction of new delivery channels: *etail customers like to interface with

their bank through multiple channels. Therefore, banks should try to give high

quality service across all service channels like branches, Internet, +T/s, etc.

. Tapping of une#ploited potential and increasing the volume of business. This

will compensate for the thin margins: The Indian retail banking market still

remains largely untapped giving a scope for growth to the banks and financial

institutions.


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4. Business process outsourcing: >utsourcing of requirements would not only

save cost and time but would help the banks in concentrating on the core

business area. Banks can devote more time for marketing, customer service and

brand building. (or e#ample, /anagement of +T/s can be outsourced. This will

save the banks from dealing with the intricacies of technology.

I. Tie-up arrangements: '$Bs with regional concentration can reap the benefit of

reaching customers across the country by entering into strategic alliance with

other such banks with intensive presence in other regions. In the present regime

of falling interest and stiff competition, banks are aware that it is finally the retail

banking which will enable them to hold the head above water. 4ence, banksshould make all out efforts to boost the retail banking by recogni?ing the needs of

the customers. It is the innovative and competitive products coupled with high

quality care for clients will only hold the key to success in this area. In short,

bankers have to run very fast even to stay where they are now. It is the survival

of the fastest now and not only survival of the fittest.

HOUSING 5INANCE

I3T*> A!TI>3:

4ousing is a significant engine for growth and development of the economy. The

growth in housing and housing finance activities in recent years reflect the

floating state of housing market in the country. The multiplier effect of investment

on housing has grown over the past few years as the proportion of outstanding

housing loan as percentage of & ' increased from ;. D in 2 to . D by

2 1 this is quit indicative of that potential e#ists if the proportion of investment in

housing in the other developed and emerging economies considered. + quick

look on the statistics shows that the housing loans e#posure in India is much

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lower compared to other countries. The ratio in India is merely D of & ' as

against = D in A$+, =1D in A , D in Thailand, 1D in !hina. +lso, the net

3'+ in 4ousing is less than 2D, which is much lower than other segments. The

construction boom is limited only to the metros and big cities and this cannot be

the parameter for the !entral Bank to make the loan price dearer.

4ousing finance e#panded rapidly because of investment demand and acute

housing shortage. +s housing became a key contributor to banksE profitability,

certain facilities began to be routinely e#tended. These included processing fee

waiver, pre-closure charges and guarantees, simplified loan procedure and

provision of different services such as house insurance, repayment protection,

creditQdebit cardsQ+T/ cards, and personal accident insurance.

verall the affordability of housing loan clearly appears to have

improved with fast growing number of borrowers. This has also partly resulted

from higher levels of disposable income seen among the earners.


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enabling policy framework for bringing in large investments in rural housing, this

can well change the economic landscape of rural India.

TYPES O5 HOUSING LOAN

4ome loan products are offered by almost all banks5 from loans for purchasing

real estate to buying a flat, from home improvement to home e#tension loans.

The "/I and rate of interest is decided, taking into account a number of factors

such as, the loan amount, market value of the land or building, tenure of loans

etc. The following types of home loans are generally available in the market5

Ho43 E u!t' Lo%n$+ + form of finance to the customer by way of mortgage of

e#isting property to the financier for taking a loan for some other purpose. The

current market value of the property is the basis for providing home equity loans.

Ho43 E#t3n$!on Lo%n$+ The purpose of this loan is the e#tension of e#isting

houses like addition of rooms, toilet facilities etc. $uch loans fall under category

of home loans.

Ho43 I4>ro


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HOUSING LOAN DISBURSEMENT

>ver the past few years, the steady growth registered in housing finance

disbursements indicates continued buoyancy in the industry. Table reveals that a

significant increase during the year 2 - 2.the total disbursements of housing

finance stood at *s. 190 . crore registering an overall growth of . 1

percent. The five year compounded +nnual &rowth *ate as on 2 -2 2 stood

at ;2. =D.

*s.In !roreC

HOME LOAN DISBURSEMENT BY PUBLIC SECTOR BANK 2.1.-2.12

Hou$!n 9o%n d!$(ur$343nt

2;

=9

2 0- 2 - 2 - 2 - 2

Y3%r$

R $

B

4(!$!B

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Ho43 9o%n D!$(ur$343nt

Bank of India

Bank of

maharastra

!entral Bank of

India

ena Bank

Anited Bank of

India

The housing loan party may not quite be over for the nationEs public sector banks.But there is concrete evidence that the tempo may at least be slowing down. The

loan disbursements which grew by over per cent in the two years prior to the

fiscal 2 2- have seen these banks posting a growth rate of 8ust 2 per cent in

the year 8ust gone by 2 2- C. The portfolio grew from *s , ,9; crore to *s

, ;=, =2 crore, according to information available from sources in the (inance

/inistry. !ontrast this with a more than per cent rise over a two-year period

between 2 2 and 2 that saw the home loan portfolio move up from *s=;,1;1 crore to *s , ,9; crore. >f course, it would have been an even more

depressing tale of sluggish growth, but for a few banks continuing to register

smart rise in their portfolios. Banking industry sources have for some time been

cautioning that a combination of rising interest rates, high cost of real estate

which however has shown some signs of coming down from the year-high

perchC and higher margins in bank loans would slow down growth in home loan

portfolios.

The &overnment has on its part been keen that the impact of high interest rates

should somehow be softened on the small and medium borrowers. The (inance

/inister, /r. '. !hidambaram had recently asked the chief e#ecutives of public

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today the home loan rates are at 2.=D which is nothing but a back-stab for the

ones who took home loan at half of the interest rates.

4ousing budgets, already stretched by spiraling prices, will get further strained

due to higher outgo on home loans. 4ome loan market leader 4 (! announceda = basis point)s hike in interest rate for all e#isting borrowers with floating rate

loans. This means that the "/I for new customers will be *s. ;;, for every one

lakh on a 2 -year loan. (or e#isting floating rate customer, the "/I will be *s.;

for every *s lakh loan with an outstanding tenure of 2 years. The largest bank

I!I!I also announced a 1= basis points hike in the fi#ed as well as floating home

loan interest rate. The fi#ed rate of interest for I!I!I home loans will now be

.1=D. - 'ossibly costliest in the sector. $tate Bank of India also decided to

raise interest rates on home loans by = bps on all credit linked to prime lending

rates '%*C. /eanwhile two government banks Bank >f India and !anra Bank

decided to spare home loan borrowers from the rate hike, even as they increased

interest rates for other categories of borrowers. Bank of India have raised their by

= bps to ;.2=D, but left home loan rates untouched. >n a floating rate basis,

Bank of India offers home loans in the band of .2=D- D.

The Anion Bank of India and the $tate Bank of India has increased their

benchmark prime lending rates by .= per cent each. This hike will result in

change in $BI benchmark rate to 2.1= per cent immediately and to ;.2= per

cent in case of ABI from 7uly , 2 2.

The hike follows the !** and the repo rate hike by the *eserve Bank of India

*BIC. This will lead to increase in interest rates for all loans linked to the

benchmark rates.

In the *eserve Bank of India annual credit policy meeting on +pril 2 , 2 0, the

provisioning requirement has been lowered for home loans up to *s. ; lakh.

(ollowing the move, *BI e#pects the banks to pass on the benefits of reduced

rates to loans consumers. +ccording to media reports, currently 0= per cent

45
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customers are in up to *s. ; lakh category. In the total home loan portfolio,

per cent are on fi#ed rate.

Based on the revision of the provisioning requirement, home loans of *s. 2 -;

lakh will be charged at par with those below *s. 2 lakh, but there will be nochange in interest rates for loans below the threshold.

The move might give the banksP %ending business a much needed boost.

ue to frequent revision of interest rates since 2 , there is a slowdown in the

growth of loans. The home loan portfolio of banks grew 8ust 2 per cent between

+pril 2 and (ebruary =, 2 *s. 29, ; croreC compared to 2=.0 per cent

growth *s. 9, croreC between +pril 2 0 and (ebruary =, 2 1.

%oans to individuals for housing grew 9. per cent to touch *s. , 0, 0

crore in /arch 2 against *s. , 21,=22 crore in /arch 2 .

Ho43 Lo%n Int3r3$t R%t3 B39o 2. 9%&8

46
http://www.apnaloan.com/home-loan-india/index.htmlhttp://www.apnaloan.com/home-loan-india/rates.htmlhttp://www.apnaloan.com/home-loan-india/index.htmlhttp://www.apnaloan.com/home-loan-india/rates.html


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B%n&$ 59o%t!n

+llahabad Bank .2=-

Bank of /aharashtra .2=- .1=

!anara Bank .=- .1=4 (!

I!I!I .2= - .1=

ena Bank .1=

Bank of India .1= K .2=

'3B 4ousing (inance

%td. .1=

$tate Bank >f India .2=

A!> Bank .= K .1=

MA6IMUM IIR TO UNABLE INCREASE IN EMI

+s the interest rate head north, panic-stricken home loan borrowers are flocking

to home loan counters to restructure their debt, this is not surprising as since late

2 , home loan interest rates have raised whopping - = basis points.

Ideally, borrowers who have taken loans for more than = years neither should

not go for e#tension of the loan tenure. If the income installment ratio II*C is less

than ; -;= D, there is scope for increase in "/I to cover the hike in interest rate.

>therwise, borrowers should make upfront payment to reduce the principalburden.

Technically, borrowers have three options when the interest rates shoot up. They

can either liquidate their investment or saving or shell out lump sum to reduce the

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The banks have the largest network of branches and are also the largest

mobili?er of savings in the country. $ince housing finance becomes a part of the

per cent priority sector lending, it makes business sense for banks to

undertake this activity. /oreover, a favorable ta# and regulatory regime, act as

catalyst for doing business in this sector. (urther the earmarking of ; percent of

incremental deposits of Banks to finance housing activities has ensured

availability of adequate funds for housing activities. $ecurities by way of

mortgage of property and robust demand have been ma8or considerations for

banks to lend this sector.

The prominent players in this industry continue to be commercial banks.!ooperative banks and other own niche and have been catering to their markets

e#tensively. The institutional performance of these institutions has been

influenced by more than 8ust customer demand. $tricter 3'+ norms, rising

interest rates and stiff competition in mobili?ing low cost deposits, have all

affected the supply side factors, which in turn has influenced the performance of

these institutions in terms of volume and competitiveness.

HOUSING 5INANCE DISBURSEMENTS BY VARIOUS INSTITUTIONS

W*s. !roreX

PRIMARY LENDING

INSTITUTIONS

2.. -

.,

2..,-

.

2.. -

.)

2..)-

1.

2.1.-

11

2.11-

12

$!4" A%" !>//"*!I+%B+3 $

0=99 2;==; ;20 9 = ; 0 =092; 9 ; 0

4>A$I3& (I3+!"

!>/'+3I"$

9 10;2 2 092 29 2 21 ; =0

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!>->'"*+TI6"

I3$TITATI>3$

910 9 2 92; YY 2 2 1 Y

T>T+% 2;0=0 2 21 = ; 190 19; 0 0=9

Y$ource: *BI, 34B

YY istribution by +pe# !o-operative 4ousing (inance $ocieties only

4>A$I3& %>+3 +$ '"*!"3T+&" >( & '

The accelerated growth of housing finance has resulted in an increase in its

share in the & '. >utstanding housing loans as a percentage of & ' has risen

from ;. per cent in 2 9 to 1.2= percent in 2 and 0.= per cent in 2 2. The

figure has been pegged at about 2 per cent by the end 2 . In view of the

increased investment in the services sector, which contributes about = per centto the nationEs & ', and growth in urbani?ation, it is e#pected that the share of

housing in & ' would go up substantially in the coming years.

The last year has witnessed significant developments in the global economy.

(ollowing the deterioration in the A$ sub-prime housing loan market, the A$

economy is e#pected to e#perience a sharp slowdown in growth. uring fiscal

2 , the Indian economy continued on its high growth path, despite some

moderation due to difficult conditions in global markets and increasing inflationarypressures and monetary tightening. The !entral $tatistical >rgani?ation !$>C

put & ' growth at . D during fiscal 2 following the .9D & ' growth in

fiscal 2 , reflecting a slight moderation in growth of the economy. &rowth in

fiscal 2 was driven mainly by double-digit growth in the services sector and

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growth in the industrial sector. The Inde# of Industrial 'roduction II'C recorded

an annual average growth rate of 0. D in fiscal 2 , moderating from .=D in

fiscal 2 . This was mainly due to moderation of growth in the manufacturing

sector from 2.=D in fiscal 2 to 0.9D in fiscal 2 . The momentum of growth

in the services sector including constructionC continued with .1D growth

during fiscal 2 following the .2D growth in fiscal 2 .

&lobal oil prices increased sharply during fiscal 2 , increasing inflationary

pressures e#perienced on this account. International crude oil prices increased

from A$N 9=.01 per barrel at /arch ; , 2 1 to A$N .=0 per barrel at /arch

; , 2 and further increased to A$N ;=. per barrel at 7une ;, 2 . In

view of rising inflation, *eserve Bank of India *BIC increased the !ash *eserve

*atio !**C from 9. D to 1.= D during fiscal 2 and further to 0.2=D

effective /ay 2 .

!*" IT +3 '*"'+O/"3T *I$ '*>(I%" I3 4>A$I3& (I3+3!" /+* "T

The Indian housing finance market has grown fairly significantly during the last

few years. (iscal incentives for investment in housing for households and

treatment of housing finance as 'riority $ector lending for banks have been two

of the main factors contributing to growth in this market. 4owever, a large part of

the industry portfolio has been acquired in the present low-interest rate scenario

and during the period when economic conditions have been relatively stable.

The key to further growth in the Indian housing finance market, as elsewhere in

the world, is the ability of housing finance firms including banksC to trade their

portfolio. $ecuriti?ation has been one of the most important risk-sharingarrangements in the housing finance market, the world over. It has been proved

that securiti?ation can help lower the cost of credit, broaden the pool of investors

and borrowers and lessen the variability in availability of capital for the housing

finance firms.

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$uccess in the development of the securiti?ation market depends on the ability to

understand the behavior of underlying mortgage assets under varied economic

conditions for different market segments. The knowledge of borrower, property

and loan characteristics is critical to understanding the nature of risk associated

with packages of securiti?ed assets. Towards this end, as per study of the credit

and prepayment characteristics for a sample of housing loan portfolios across

different geographical markets. The ob8ective was to identify relevant tools in

respect of pricing of securiti?ed assets and determine factors, which would

contribute in the choice of credit enhancement instruments. In addition, the study

was e#pected to facilitate product design, credit analysis processes and pricing

decisions by the housing finance institutions. Borrower !haracteristics

+ closer look at the borrower characteristics suggests that there is a large

variation across regions, sanction amount, and sanction period and loan terms.

(ollowing are the data on borrower characteristics for each of the segments for

the delayQdefault risk sample.

The study covered the following aspects of the housing finance market:

. Borrower characteristics- >ccupation, Borrower +ge, Installment to Income

*atio, /onthly 4ousehold Income and 'resence of !o-obligateC

2. %oan characteristics- $anction +mount, "/I, %oan to !ost or 6alue K our

data is in terms of valueC *atio, Borrowing 'urpose K *efinancing and 3ew

purchase, Interest *ate and 3ature of Interest *ate !ontract, /ode of 'ayment,

/ode of >rigination and %oan TermC, and,

;. 'roperty characteristics- 'roperty +rea and 3ature of welling Anit- >ld, 3ew

or up gradationC

The key ob8ective was to understand the credit and prepayment risk associated

with each of the segments that emerged based on these characteristics. The

segments that were considered for the study were:

Z *egion

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. I3& 6ysya

54


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CHAPTER 0

5ACTS F 5INDINGS

5ACTS F 5INDINGS

% D39%' R!$&

The following variables were found to determine the level of delay risk for a loan:

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G3o r%>8' : %oans originating in the $outhern and the


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+s mentioned earlier, the definition of delay risk in this study is relatively stricter

than the definition of default risk. efault event has been defined as a situation

where a borrower has ; or more outstanding installments at the end of one year

from the date of first delay. Based on this analysis, in summary, the following

variables have been observed to determine the level of default risk for a loan:

G3o r%>8' : %oans originating in the


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Borro 3r >ro"3$$!on+ $elf employed borrowers carry higher risk, e#cept in

recent loans

+s evident from the graph above, the share of default in the category of self

employed borrowers have been higher than the overall combined for all

borrowersC default rate in each %oan to !ost *atio %!* category.

Lo%n Pur>o$3 : %oans for new dwelling units are observed to have higher risk

compared to the loans for old dwellings. *elationship between efault *ate and

%oan to !ost *atio

The study revealed that there is a significant change in the default rate as the

%!* changes.


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R39%t!on$8!> (3t 33n d3"%u9t r%t3 %nd 9o%n to o$t r%t!o

%oan to !ost *atio may be interpreted as %oan to 6alue *atio as the data hasbeen based on the value of properties.

+ fair degree of consistency was observed in the credit risk behavior of the

different %!* categories across regions and time periods. Though the proportion

of self employed borrowers in the higher %!* was lower, the average Installment

Income *ation II*C was observed to increase with %!*. (rom the observations,

it was fair to infer that higher default with increase in %!* could be resulting from

increased pressure on borrower due to higher II*.

>rigination 'eriod: *ecent period loans carry a higher prepayment risk as

compared to loans issued in earlier periods of the study

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Pr3>%'43nt R!$&

The study revealed that the level of prepayment risk for a loan is determined by

the following variables:

G3o r%>8' : %oans originated in the $outhern region have the highest

prepayment risk, followed by the 3orthern,


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CHAPTER 6

SWOT ANALYSIS

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SWOT ANALYSIS-

Str3n t8$

$trength captures the positive aspects internal to your ob8ect that add value oroffer you a competitive advantage. This is your opportunity to remind yourself ofthe value e#isting your ob8ect.

"#cellent /arket !overage.

Juality K !onscious >rgani?ation5 the !ompany is always able to

compete on Juality.

"#perienced work force.

The employees are satisfied with their present 8ob profile.

W3%&n3$3$$


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Benchmarking 4* practices

$haring 4* practices with other locations.

T8r3%t$

Threats include factors beyond your control that could place your things at risk.These are also e#ternal Kyou have no control over them, but you may benefit byhaving contingency plans to address them if they should occur.

'roblem of labour turnover.

There is need of development in technology change and to change the

present market policy.

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CHAPTER 7

CONCLUSION

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CONCLUSION

I$> certification for its depository @ custody operations @ for its

backend processing of retail operation @ housing finance operations.

The bank has a near competitive edge in area of operations.

The bank has a market leader in cash settlement service for the ma8or

stock e#changes in its country.

+VI$ Bank is one of the largest private sector banks working in India.

The bank has started facing competition from players like $BI, '3B Bank

in the finance market itself. This reduces the profit margins in the future.

$ome 'vt. Banks have 1 days banking.

$ince profit is the overall ob8ective of a business enterprise, this ratio is a

barometer of the overall performance of the enterprise. It measures how

efficiently the capital employed in the business is being used.

65


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CHAPTER 8

RECOMMENDATIONS

& SUGGESSIONS

66


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RECOMMENDATIONS

A Bu!9d!n %n !n 9u$!


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the same time, the housing finance market is an integral part of the financial

market and would need to be deepened, widened and made more sophisticated

by participation in the liberali?ation of the financial sector.

B Inno


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finance at a disaggregated level is both urgent and important. $uch a database

could include housing stocks, sales of e#isting houses, the nature of house

construction, house prices at different centers, profiles of homeowner classes

including affordable mortgages, information on construction, loans to developers,

construction finance, information on defaults, frauds.

D Con$u43r A %r3n3$$ %nd Prot3 t!on

In the ultimate analysis, the borrower i.e., the home buyer is and should be the

focus of attention as far as the housing finance industry is concerned. In the

absence of adequate regulations, the average home buyer is often at the

receiving end due to one-sided documentation, little awareness of rights,

inadequate education on the legal and financial aspects of home purchase as

well as home loans. f late, with increase in interest rates,

borrowers who had taken floating rate loans in the past, obviously attracted by

the lower interest rates, have been making submissions that they have not beenadequately informed about the implications of increase in floating rate loans.

Thus, the need for greater transparency in housing finance transactions to

enable borrowers to make enough choice about products and profiles of lenders

is the primary requisite of a well informed market... +mongst other activities, the

banks should ensure that its members embrace best consumer oriented

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+ new beginning: the turnaround story of Indian bank.

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Banking developments in India

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