· Web viewWhen humans became bipedal and were active in the hot sun of Africa, overheating would have been a major concern. Losing hair would be one way to protect against overheating,

Chapter 31 - Animal Tissues

Multiple Choice

1. Which type of stem cell is most able to produce a new individual? a. unipotent b. regenerative c. pluripotent d. totipotent e. adult stem cellsANSWER: dDIFFICULTY: Bloom's: UnderstandREFERENCES: 31.1 Stem Cells—It’s All About PotentialLEARNING OBJECTIVES:

UDOL.STES.16.31.1 - Examine the special characteristics of stem cells and discuss their applications.

2. As of 2014, a new clinical study in the United States is testing whether cells derived from IPSCs can reverse ____. a. spinal cord injuries b. Parkinson's disease c. muscular dystrophy d. heart attacks e. blindnessANSWER: eDIFFICULTY: Bloom's: RememberREFERENCES: 31.1 Stem Cells—It’s All About PotentialLEARNING OBJECTIVES:


3. What is the term for similar cells that are organized together with a common function? a. organ b. interstitial organization c. tissue d. organism e. extracellular matrixANSWER: cDIFFICULTY: Bloom's: UnderstandREFERENCES: 31.2 Organization of Animal BodiesLEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.31.2 - Examine the four types of tissues in vertebrate bodies.

4. What is the best definition of an organ? a. a single type of tissue b. a type of glandular tissue c. two or more tissues working together to perform a specific task d. muscle tissue that has differentiated from stem cells e. a collection of cells and interstitial fluidANSWER: cDIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Understand

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REFERENCES: 31.2 Organization of Animal BodiesLEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.31.2 - Examine the four types of tissues in vertebrate bodies.

5. Which body process most often involves in a negative feedback system? a. hybridization b. reproduction c. pH adjustment d. homeostasis e. evaporationANSWER: dDIFFICULTY: Bloom's: RememberREFERENCES: 31.9 Negative Feedback in HomeostasisLEARNING OBJECTIVES:

UDOL.STES.16.31.10 - Examine the negative feedback mechanism in homeostasis using an example.

6. A negative feedback system has four steps. Please choose the answer that lists the steps in the correct order. a. sensory receptors, stimulus, brain, effectors b. stimulus, sensory receptors, brain, effectors c. effectors, brain, sensory receptors, stimulus d. brain, effectors, sensory receptors, stimulus e. stimulus, effectors, sensory effectors, brainANSWER: bDIFFICULTY: Bloom's: AnalyzeREFERENCES: 31.9 Negative Feedback in HomeostasisLEARNING OBJECTIVES:


7. Which tissue lines all internal surfaces and the lining of the gut? a. epithelial b. loose connective c. supportive connective d. fibrous e. adiposeANSWER: aDIFFICULTY: Bloom's: RememberREFERENCES: 31.3 Epithelial TissueLEARNING OBJECTIVES:

UDOL.STES.16.31.4 - Examine the characteristics, functions, and the variations of the epithelial tissue.

8. The secretion of tears, milk, saliva, and earwax is a function of which tissue? a. epithelial b. loose connective c. lymphoid d. nervous e. adipose



ANSWER: aDIFFICULTY: Bloom's: RememberREFERENCES: 31.3 Epithelial TissueLEARNING OBJECTIVES:


9. Which type of epithelial tissue lines the blood vessels and the heart? a. simple cuboidal b. complex cuboidal c. simple squamous d. simple columnar e. stratified cuboidalANSWER: cDIFFICULTY: Bloom's: RememberREFERENCES: 31.3 Epithelial TissueLEARNING OBJECTIVES:


10. Exocrine glands secrete all of the following EXCEPT ____. a. mucus b. hormones c. earwax d. milk e. digestive enzymesANSWER: bDIFFICULTY: Bloom's: AnalyzeREFERENCES: 31.3 Epithelial TissueLEARNING OBJECTIVES:


11. Where can a ciliated epithelial cell be found? a. mouth b. oviduct c. blood vessels d. heart e. bloodANSWER: bDIFFICULTY: Bloom's:RememberREFERENCES: 31.3 Epithelial TissuesLEARNING OBJECTIVES:


12. What is the most abundant protein in the human body? a. polysaccharides b. elastin



c. collagen d. amino acid e. triglyceridesANSWER: cDIFFICULTY: Bloom's: RememberREFERENCES: 31.4 Connective TissuesLEARNING OBJECTIVES:

UDOL.STES.16.31.5 - Determine the characteristics and functions of soft connective tissues and the four specialized connective tissues.

13. Which type of connective tissue holds bones together? a. tendons b. intercellular junctions c. ligaments d. cartilage e. collagenANSWER: cDIFFICULTY: Bloom's: UnderstandREFERENCES: 31.4 Connective TissuesLEARNING OBJECTIVES:


14. Which fiber adds strength to connective tissue? a. cartilage b. adipose tissue c. collagen d. loose connective tissue e. bloodANSWER: cDIFFICULTY: Bloom's: UnderstandREFERENCES: 31.4 Connective TissuesLEARNING OBJECTIVES:


15. People with a large amount of a certain type of connective tissue are least likely to be sensitive to cold. Which type of tissue is this? a. cartilage b. adipose c. blood d. dense connective e. loose connectiveANSWER: bDIFFICULTY: Bloom's: AnalyzeREFERENCES: 31.4 Connective TissuesLEARNING OBJECTIVES:




Figure 31.8F

16. What kind of tissue is shown in the accompanying images? a. blood b. adipose c. bone d. cartilage e. dense connectiveANSWER: cDIFFICULTY: Bloom's: UnderstandREFERENCES: 31.4 Connective TissuesPREFACE NAME: Figure 31.8FLEARNING OBJECTIVES:


17. Cardiac muscle cells are ____. a. involuntary b. spindle-shaped c. multinucleated d. slow contracting e. found in the walls of blood cellsANSWER: aDIFFICULTY: Bloom's: RememberREFERENCES: 31.5 Muscle TissuesLEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.31.6 - Discuss the structure and functions of the three types of muscle

tissues.



Figure 31.10A

18. The accompanying figure is a micrograph of what kind of tissue? a. cardiac muscle b. skeletal muscle c. smooth muscle d. cartilage e. dense connectiveANSWER: bDIFFICULTY: Bloom's: UnderstandREFERENCES: 31.5 Muscle TissuesPREFACE NAME: Figure 31.10ALEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.31.6 - Discuss the structure and functions of the three types of muscle

tissues.

19. Smooth muscle tissue ____. a. is found in the heart wall b. has parallel arrays of long cells c. is multinucleated d. contracts reflexively e. is found in the walls of soft internal organsANSWER: eDIFFICULTY: Bloom's: RememberREFERENCES: 31.5 Muscle TissuesLEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.31.6 - Discuss the structure and functions of the three types of muscle

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20. The primary function of a neuroglial cell is to ____. a. keep neurons positioned correctly b. act as a sensory device to detect stimuli c. integrate information d. transmit signals to muscle cells e. facilitate cytoplasmic extensionsANSWER: aDIFFICULTY: Bloom's: AnalyzeREFERENCES: 31.6 Nervous TissueLEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.31.7 - Examine the characteristics and functions of the nervous tissue.

21. Which part of a neuron allows it to receive and send electrochemical signals? a. cytoplasmic extension b. nucleus c. neuroglial extension d. plasma membrane e. interneuronANSWER: aDIFFICULTY: Bloom's: RememberREFERENCES: 31.6 Nervous TissueLEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.31.7 - Examine the characteristics and functions of the nervous tissue.

Figure 31.11

22. The accompanying figure is a micrograph of what kind of tissue? a. cardiac muscle b. skeletal muscle c. nerve tissue d. cartilage e. dense connective



ANSWER: cDIFFICULTY: Bloom's: ApplyREFERENCES: 31.6 Nervous TissuePREFACE NAME: Figure 31.11LEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.31.7 - Examine the characteristics and functions of the nervous tissue.

23. What is the primary function of the endocrine system? a. conduction b. contraction c. hormonal control of the body d. protection against disease e. cell productionANSWER: cDIFFICULTY: Bloom's: UnderstandREFERENCES: 31.7 Organ SystemsLEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.31.8 - Discuss the functions of any six organ systems in the human body.

24. Which system maintains the volume and composition of body fluids? a. integumentary b. immune c. digestive d. urinary e. circulatoryANSWER: dDIFFICULTY: Bloom's: RememberREFERENCES: 31.7 Organ SystemsLEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.31.8 - Discuss the functions of any six organ systems in the human body.

25. What is one function of the muscular system? a. transmission of electrical signals b. connection of ligaments to bones c. heat production d. exchange of gases with the atmosphere e. prevention of desiccationANSWER: cDIFFICULTY: Bloom's: RememberREFERENCES: 31.7 Organ SystemsLEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.31.8 - Discuss the functions of any six organ systems in the human body.

26. The integration of body functions is controlled by the ____. a. respiratory system only b. nervous system only c. endocrine system only d. immune system only



e. nervous system and the endocrine systemANSWER: eDIFFICULTY: Bloom's: UnderstandREFERENCES: 31.7 Organ SystemsLEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.31.8 - Discuss the functions of any six organ systems in the human body.

27. Which system produces red blood cells? a. endocrine b. skeletal c. muscular d. immune e. integumentaryANSWER: bDIFFICULTY: Bloom's: UnderstandREFERENCES: 31.7 Organ SystemsLEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.31.8 - Discuss the functions of any six organ systems in the human body.

28. Which organ is part of more than one organ system? a. stomach b. liver c. pancreas d. intestine e. brainANSWER: cDIFFICULTY: Bloom's: RememberREFERENCES: 31.7 Organ SystemsLEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.31.8 - Discuss the functions of any six organ systems in the human body.

29. The integumentary system is most involved in ____. a. exchange of gases b. support c. outer body covering d. muscle contraction e. resistanceANSWER: cDIFFICULTY: Bloom's: RememberREFERENCES: 31.8 Human Integumentary SystemLEARNING OBJECTIVES:

UDOL.STES.16.31.9 - Determine the structure and functions of the human integumentary system.

30. What is one function of the integumentary system? a. blood cell formation b. immune function c. synthesis of proteins d. protection against desiccationCopyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 9


e. exchange of gasesANSWER: dDIFFICULTY: Bloom's: AnalyzeREFERENCES: 31.8 Human Integumentary SystemLEARNING OBJECTIVES:


31. Which organ in the human body has the largest surface? a. heart b. skin c. lungs d. liver e. stomachANSWER: bDIFFICULTY: Bloom's: AnalyzeREFERENCES: 31.8 Human Integumentary SystemLEARNING OBJECTIVES:


32. Melanin is produced in ____. a. connective tissue b. muscle tissue c. the integumentary system d. epithelial tissue e. the circulatory systemANSWER: cDIFFICULTY: Bloom's: AnalyzeREFERENCES: 31.8 Human Integumentary SystemLEARNING OBJECTIVES:


33. The hypodermis is composed of ____.

blood vessels → insulationoil glands → insulation a. adipose and nervous tissues b. connective and adipose tissues c. blood and lymphatic vessels d. hair follicles and sweat glands e. sebaceous and sweat glandsANSWER: bDIFFICULTY: Bloom's: AnalyzeREFERENCES: 31.8 Human Integumentary SystemLEARNING OBJECTIVES:




Figure 31.16

34. The bracket indicated by the letter "A" in the accompanying figure is ____. a. the epidermis b. a sweat gland c. the dermis d. the hypodermis e. a hair follicleANSWER: aDIFFICULTY: Bloom's: UnderstandREFERENCES: 31.8 Human Integumentary SystemPREFACE NAME: Figure 31.16LEARNING OBJECTIVES:


35. Four of the following might be a response to rising body temperature. Which one is the exception? a. increased rate of breathing b. decreased secretion of certain hormones c. more sweat d. reduced blood flow to skin e. increased rate of breathingCopyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 11


ANSWER: dDIFFICULTY: Bloom's: AnalyzeREFERENCES: 31.9 Negative Feedback In HomeostasisLEARNING OBJECTIVES:


36. Homeostasis is ultimately regulated by the ____. a. brain b. endocrine glands c. oil glands d. exocrine glands e. circulatory systemANSWER: aDIFFICULTY: Bloom's: RememberREFERENCES: 31.9 Negative Feedback In HomeostasisLEARNING OBJECTIVES:


Figure 31.6Answer the following three questions with reference to the above figure of epithelial tissues.

37. Which tissue lines blood and lymph vessels? a. A b. B c. CANSWER: aDIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Understand



REFERENCES: 31.5 Epithelial TissuePREFACE NAME: Figure 31.6LEARNING OBJECTIVES:


38. Which tissue lines the gut? a. A b. B c. CANSWER: cDIFFICULTY: Bloom's: UnderstandREFERENCES: 31.3 Epithelial TissuePREFACE NAME: Figure 31.6LEARNING OBJECTIVES:


39. Which tissue assists in absorption and secretion, and in the movement of materials? a. A b. B c. CANSWER: bDIFFICULTY: Bloom's: UnderstandREFERENCES: 31.3 Epithelial TissuePREFACE NAME: Figure 31.6LEARNING OBJECTIVES:


Matching

Choose the one most appropriate response for each.a. comprises ligaments and tendonsb. contains collagen and elastin; acts as a packing material that supports internal organsc. receives, conducts, and initiates signals in response to environmental changesd. stores fate. offers resistance to mechanical injury and loss of internal fluids; also a barrier against microorganismsf. secretes extracellular products such as sweat, mucus, tears, and salivag. fluid ground substance plus free cells; involved in transport, pH, and temperature stabilityh. extracellular fluid that bathes cells and tissuesDIFFICULTY: Bloom's: AnalyzeREFERENCES: 31.3 Epithelial TissueLEARNING OBJECTIVES:


40. adipose tissueANSWER: d



41. bloodANSWER: g

42. dense connective tissueANSWER: a

43. glandular epitheliumANSWER: f

44. loose connective tissueANSWER: b

45. interstitial fluidANSWER: h

46. neuronANSWER: c

47. epidermisANSWER: e

Classification. Respond to the following statements with reference to the types of connective tissue listed below.a. loose connective tissueb. dense connective tissuec. adiposed. cartilagee. bloodDIFFICULTY: Bloom's: RememberREFERENCES: 31.4 Connective TissueLEARNING OBJECTIVES:


48. Tendons are composed of this.ANSWER: b

49. The elasticity of skin is due to the presence of this kind of tissue.ANSWER: a

50. This substance is derived from stem cells in bone.ANSWER: e

51. This tissue provides nourishment to each of the other connective tissues.ANSWER: e

52. This tissue plays a particularly important role in the thermoregulation of many marine mammals.ANSWER: c

Classification. Respond to the following statements with reference to the organ systems listed below.



a. circulatoryb. lymphaticc. digestived. endocrinee. respiratoryDIFFICULTY: Bloom's: AnalyzeREFERENCES: 31.7 Organ SystemsLEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.31.8 - Discuss the functions of any six organ systems in the human body.

53. the first line of defense against infectious bacteria found in foodANSWER: c

54. involved in the immune responseANSWER: b

55. initially encounters airborne pathogensANSWER: e

56. distributes antibodies throughout the bodyANSWER: a

57. recovers excess tissue fluidANSWER: b

Labeling.

Figure 31.16Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 15


DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: UnderstandREFERENCES: 31.3 Epithelial TissueLEARNING OBJECTIVES:


58. dermisANSWER: i

59. duct of sweat glandANSWER: b

60. blood vesselsANSWER: c

61. sebaceous glandANSWER: g

62. sweat glandANSWER: e

63. epidermisANSWER: j

64. hair follicleANSWER: f

65. hypodermisANSWER: h

66. smooth muscleANSWER: d

67. hairANSWER: a

Completion

68. The gut is lined with epithelial cells with ____________________ that connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells.ANSWER: tight junctionsDIFFICULTY: Bloom's: AnalyzeREFERENCES: 31.3 Epithelial CellsLEARNING OBJECTIVES:


69. ____________________ junctions are like buttons on a shirt to hold cells together.ANSWER: AdheringDIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Understand



REFERENCES: 31.3 Epithelial CellsLEARNING OBJECTIVES:


70. ____________________ are open channels that connect the cytoplasm of abutting cells and permit rapid transfer of ions and small molecules between them.ANSWER: Gap junctionsDIFFICULTY: Bloom's: RememberREFERENCES: 31.3 Epithelial CellsLEARNING OBJECTIVES:


71. ____________________ tissues cover the body's surfaces, and line its internal spaces.ANSWER: Epithelial DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: RememberREFERENCES: 31.3 Epithelial CellsLEARNING OBJECTIVES:


72. Specialized epithelial cells called ____________________ secrete substances that function outside the cell.ANSWER: gland cellsDIFFICULTY: Bloom's: RememberREFERENCES: 31.3 Epithelial CellsLEARNING OBJECTIVES:


73. ____________________ secrete products such as sweat or digestive enzymes through ducts.ANSWER: Exocrine glandsDIFFICULTY: Bloom's: RememberREFERENCES: 31.3 Epithelial TissueLEARNING OBJECTIVES:


74. ____________________ secrete hormones into blood.ANSWER: Endocrine glandsDIFFICULTY: Bloom's: RememberREFERENCES: 31.3 Epithelial TissueLEARNING OBJECTIVES:


75. Rubbery cartilage, calcium-hardened bone tissue, lipid-storing adipose tissue, and blood are examples of specialized ____________________ tissues.ANSWER: connectiveDIFFICULTY: Bloom's: UnderstandREFERENCES: 31.4 Connective TissueLEARNING OBJECTIVES:




Essay

76. How does a pluripotent cell differ from a unipotent or totipotent cell?ANSWER: A pluripotent cell can make any type of cell in the body but cannot make a new individual. Unipotent

cells can only make a one cell type, while totipotent cells can make any cell type or a new individual.DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: AnalyzeREFERENCES: 31.1 Stem Cells--It's All About PotentialLEARNING OBJECTIVES:


77. If you sweat, are you losing extracellular fluid or intracellular fluid?ANSWER: Actually, you are losing both! Because sweat is fluid released by cells into a gland, you are directly

losing extracellular fluid. But because the two fluid ‘compartments’ are linked, you are losing some intracellular fluid to replace the extracellular fluid.

DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: AnalyzeREFERENCES: 31.2 Organization Of Animal BodiesLEARNING OBJECTIVES:

UDOL.STES.16.31.3 - Describe how animal bodies are organized.

78. How does bipedalism relate to sweat glands, skin color and hair density?ANSWER: When humans became bipedal and were active in the hot sun of Africa, overheating would have been

a major concern. Losing hair would be one way to protect against overheating, as would an increase in the density of sweat glands. However, if chimpanzees are any indication, our now hairless and pink-skinned ancestors would have been very exposed to potentially damaging sunlight. As a result, increasingly darker melanin evolved to protect the skin from sun exposure.

DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: AnalyzeREFERENCES: 31.8 Human Integumentary SystemLEARNING OBJECTIVES:



Documents

· Web viewWhen humans became bipedal and were active in the hot sun of Africa, overheating would have been a major concern. Losing hair would be one way to protect against overheating,