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Views on the 2015 Agreement: Perspectives of Chinese Expert
Zou JiNational Center for Climate Change
Strategy and International Cooperation
OECD Climate Change Expert Group Forum,17-18 March 2015, Paris
Questions for Dialogues
Questions from OECD expert: 1. What is needed to incentivise ambitious climate policies?2. What provisions are needed in the new agreement to do so?
An innovative development path compared to the ones in developed economies in the history
Emission per capita
GDP per capita/HDI
View of innovative development• Structure• Efficiency• Technologies• Finance• Capacity• Policy & Institutions
Australia
US
EU
China, India and other emergingEconomies: similar level of development; higher carbon efficiency; peak earlier and lower
japan
Other developing countries
Developed Countries
Rationale/Storyline
Cumulative CO2 emission since 1750 (70% from developed countries);
Concentration/RF
Climate change, its negative impacts,
Risks, loss and damage
Mitigation• Technology• Finance and investment• Institutional and policies arrangement
Development paths: industrialization and modernization since 1750
• Growth drivers• energy mix and efficiency, • technology, • Economic structure, • income, population pattern
Adaptation• Technology• Finance and investment• Institutional and policies arrangement
Developedcountries
Developingcountries more vulnerableInnovating
Developm
ent Paths
Equity: SD opportunities• Historic responsibility• Development stage• Capabilities• Nat’l circumstances
CBDR: the basic incentive at global level
Historic Responsibility• Cumulative emission• Leading path dependency
Capabilities• Income• governance
Developmentstage
Nat’l circumstancese.g.:
resources endowment
Equity: equal opportunities to shift into SD/LC paths• Deeper and demonstrative leading emission reduction in developed countries• Supports in technologies, knowledge, finance , and CB from developed countries• Certain future emission room for transition in developing countries• Restructuring global supply chain to break path dependency - innovation of
development path
CBDR: guided by the principles and provisions of the Convention• Differentiation: dichotomy between developed and developing countries• NDC addresses all the six Durban elements• Significant support in finance and technologies to support enhancing actions
Incentives at country level: to ensure SD• Less negative impacts of CC (difficult to be felt in short
term as an individual decision maker)• Income continue to increase in developing countries along
with economic modernization• Least socioeconomic impacts of response measures (job,
fiscal revenue, household income)• Upgrade economies and opportunities to move to higher
position in the global supply chain• Technology change to support higher efficiency• Significant financial support• Building capacity to address CC• Governance: institutional and policy arrangement
Provisions in the 2015 Agreement
Among others:• Principles, visions, and approaches (e.g.,
differentiation between developed and developing countries)
• Mitigation, adaptation• Supports in technologies, finance, CB• Transparency• Other matters
Questions from Chinese expert:
1. How do you understand the context and prioritized agenda in developing countries?
2. How are you well prepared to address the differentiation between developed and developing countries?
3. How do you define and expect China’s role and position?
Thank you for your attention!
National Center for Climate Change Strategy and International Cooperation(NCSC)
