philssaqc.files.wordpress.com · Web viewKnowledge of Availability of Livelihood Projects by Provider BARANGAY CITY NGO Frequency Percent Frequency Percent Frequency Percent Meron

2007 Baseline Socio-Economic Survey of Brgy. Payatas, Quezon City______________________________________________________________________

Table of Contents

Table of Contents

I. IntroductionA. Background and RationaleB. ObjectivesC. Methodology

The Research DesignThe Interview ScheduleEncoding, Cleaning and Data Processing

II. Survey ResultsA. Demographic Profile of Whole PopulationB. Household ProfileC. Living Conditions

1. Access to Water2. Access to Sanitation3. Security of Tenure4. Durability of Housing5. Sufficiency of Living Space6. Environmental Management7. Access to Other Basic Services

D. Income and Expenses

III. Summary, Conclusion and Recommendations

_________________________________________________________________________________________________John J. Carroll Institute on Church and Social Issues Partnership of Philippine Support Services Agencies, Inc (JJCICSI) (PHILSSA)

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I. INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND AND RATIONALE

Barangay Payatas is one of the two barangays in District II of Quezon City (the other one being Nagkaisang Nayon) chosen to be part of the City Soul Project which aims to build a database of pertinent socio-economic data that can be used for development planning at the barangay level. In fact, the data in this paper has been presented to various stakeholders in Nagkaisang Nayon and Payatas as input for their barangay development planning in November of 2007 and January 2008 respectively.

Why Quezon City and why the two barangays?

Quezon City, as we all know, is one of the biggest cities in the Philippines in terms of size and population. It is also one of the most urbanized. Thus, it is beset with the problems that usually come with urbanization such as poverty and homelessness. In fact, Quezon City has the highest population of urban poor households in the whole country. Thus, in term s of magnitude and incidence of poverty, it makes sense that Quezon City should be priority in terms of any anti-poverty interventions. Among its many districts, it is District 2 that is home to most of this urban poor population. Thus, the focus should be on this district. Moreover, many of the PHILSAA members operate in this district. Thus, we are assured that the study would be used by them and not end up as just another useless survey.

In the initial planning for the study, other barangays were chosen as the pilot sites for the survey because, again, the magnitude of poverty in those barangays were the worst. Barangay Payatas, although home to a huge population of urban poor, was initially excluded because many interventions have been done in the area and it has been “over studied”. Moreover, the research team was highly wary of the politicized atmosphere in the barangay that might hamper the research, a fear that later proved to be unfounded. (The barangay chairman in fact helped make the survey easier for the team.) Thus, the magnitude of poverty in Payatas prevailed and it was chosen.

The other barangays were excluded for good because surveys have been done in them or were about to be undertaken in some of them. Thus, Nagkaisang Nayon was chosen although the magnitude of poverty is not comparatively bad. Also, a PHILSSA member has undertaken activities in one of the urban poor clusters in the barangay and it would be useful to it if a more barangay-wide survey could be done.

METHODOLOGY

The Research Design

The survey was not a census survey. Rather, a sampling method was employed. In other words, only a sample was surveyed from the total population.


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From a total population of 40,000 to 60,000 households in the entire barangay, a sample size of 382 households was obtained. Such sample size corresponds to a confidence level of 95% and a confidence interval of 5%1.

Because of the sheer population size of the barangay, it was decided after considering available resources and time constraints to distribute the sample through 12 of the 24 puroks or half of the total number of puroks. The purok unit was chosen for convenience because that’s how the barangay chairman administratively divided the barangay and each purok has a leader who may guide the enumerators. The puroks where chosen randomly in a lottery witnessed by all the 24 purok leaders. In each purok, 3 streets were further chosen randomly by the concerned purok leader. Thus a total of 36 streets evenly distributed in 12 puroks were chosen. The sample size was then divided among the 36 puroks which resulted in having 10 to 11 respondents per street.

1 The Confidence Interval is the plus-or-minus figure usually reported in newspaper or television opinion poll results. For example, if you use a confidence interval of 4 and 47% percent of your sample picks an answer, you can be "sure" that if you had asked the question of the entire relevant population between 43% (47-4) and 51% (47+4) would have picked that answer.

The Confidence Level on the other hand tells you how sure you can be. It is expressed as a percentage and represents how often the true percentage of the population who would pick an answer lies within the confidence interval. The 95% confidence level means you can be 95% certain; the 99% confidence level means you can be 99% certain. Most researchers use the 95% confidence level.

When you put the two together, you can say that you are 95% sure that the true percentage of the population is between 43% and 51%.


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Map of Payatas Showing the 36 Streets Where the Survey Was Conducted

This study used the descriptive research design where face-to-face interviews of respondents were done using an 8-page interview schedule (survey questionnaire) to cull information.

The Interview Schedule

The questionnaire is largely based on the instrument used by ALTERPLAN in its own Barangay Monitoring Millenium Development Goal 7:11 Project. It was then revised through a series of meetings among members of the research team as well as NGOs working in the District 2 of Quezon City where Brgy Payatas is located. The revisions sought to make the instrument more appropriate to the local context and to integrate questions that will capture the kind of information that the NGOs working in the area want to be culled order to assist them in their present and future interventions. Thus, some questions from the original ALTERPLAN instrument were removed while new ones were added.

The questionnaire was divided into two main parts. Part I is the Household Information and Part II is the Target 11 Information. Part II is further divided into 7


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subsections corresponding to the 7 socio-economic variables patterned from the Millenium Development Goal criteria: 1.Access to Water, 2.Access to Sanitation, 3.Security of Tenure, 4.Durability of Housing, 5.Sufficiency of Living Space, 6.Environmental Management, and 7.Access to Other Basic Services.

A copy of the interview schedule is attached as index at the end of this volume.

Encoding, Cleaning and Data Processing

The data culled from the interviews were encoded, cleaned and processed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences - SPSS, one of the more popular programs used for socio-economic surveys.

II. Survey Results

A. Demographic Profile of Whole Population

Sex Distribution

The distribution of the whole population between the sexes is more or less equal. This reflects the national figures as well as the results for Nagkaisang Nayon.

Table 1. Sex Distribution of the Whole Population of Household Members

Frequency Percent

Male 1009 50.1

Female 1005 49.9

Total 2014 100

Age

The average age of 23.43 years shows a population that is very young. This also reflects national figures and the results of other surveys done.

Table 2. Average Age of the Whole Population of Household Members

N Minimum Maximum Mean

Age of member 2014 0 97 23.43

Civil Status


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Most of the individual household members are single just like in Nagkaisang Nayon. This is not unexpected since the population is quite young as noted earlier. This is followed by those who are married.

Table 3. Civil Status Distribution of the Whole Population of Household Members

Frequency Percent KamanavaSingle 1225 60.8 59.9

Married 616 30.6 29.3Widow/er 42 2.1 1.9Separated 31 1.5 1.4

live-in 100 5 7.4Total 2014 100 100

However, among those of marriageable age (18 years and above) more than half are already married.

Table 4. Civil Status Distribution of the Whole Population of Household Members Who Are 18 Years Old and Above

Frequency PercentSingle 284 26.5

Married 615 57.4Widow/er 41 3.8Separated 31 2.9

live-in 100 9.3Total 1071 100

The percentage of individuals with disability is low. This is a positive finding as well as a surprising one since disability and poverty tend to go together in a vicious cycle as studies have shown. In other words, disability tends to cause poverty (because of limited economic opportunities open to PWDs) which in turn contributes to the likelihood of disability, thereby creating a self-perpetuating cycle.

However, considering that there are more than 200,000 individuals in Payatas, this low percentage still translates to about 1,600 persons with disability. And their needs would have to be addressed more aggressively considering that none of them received any assistance from anyone according to the survey.

Table 5. Disability Distribution of the Whole Population of Household Members

Frequency Percent


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None 1998 99.2Bulag 2 0.1Pipi 1 0.0Pilay 2 0.1

Sakit Sa Pag-iisip 2 0.1Others 9 0.4Total 2014 100

Birth Registration

The percentage of unregistered births is very low (3.1%). However, given Payatas’ huge population, this low percentage translates to about 6,200 unregistered individuals. This is a big problem since birth registration is crucial in accessing social services and economic opportunities especially those of the government.

Table 6. Percentage of Birth Registration of the Whole Population of Household Members

Frequency PercentYes 1951 96.9No 63 3.1

Total 2014 100

Membership in Social Security Schemes

Much leaves to be desired in the percentage of individuals 18 years old and above in terms of membership in social security schemes with only a third (35.6%) being members of SSS, a measly 6.7 percent and 13.6 percent in Pag-ibig and Philhealth, respectively. Almost none are GSIS members. Social security schemes are meant to provide a cushion to households in times of emergency and crises.

The low figure for PhilHealth is particularly disconcerting considering that urban poor households are prone to health hazards that are likely to frustrate any attempt to get out of their present socio-economic situation. The low membership figures is also disconcerting because the government has been touting the high membership rate in the said program as one of its achievements and yet the case of Nagkaisang Nayon shows a different picture. Something needs to be done to increase the membership.

It is noteworthy that there is a significant percentage of individual membership in “any financing system” which includes microfinance and other forms of security. It seems to indicate that people, in fact, are willing to join social security schemes that are open to them and that there might be a need or a demand for other forms of security schemes aside from the usual government-initiated ones.


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Table 7. Membership in Social Security Schemes (18 and above)

Frequency PercentPag-ibig 72 6.7

SSS 381 35.6

GSIS 16 1.5

Coop 5 0.5

Any Financing System 437 40.8

Philhealth 146 13.6

Over half of those considered as part of the labor force (15 to 65 years old) are not working. Significantly, one-fifth (20.0%) are self-employed.

Table 8. Employment Status of Household Members Who Are 15 to 65 Years Old

Frequency PercentNot working 616 51.9

Employed Regular (permanent)

140 11.8

Contractual 175 14.8Self-employed 237 20

Retired 15 1.3Homemaker 2 0.2Unemployed

because disabled1 0.1

Total 1186 100

Compared to the national figures, labor force participation in Payatas is very low since only a little more than half of those who should be working are actually working.

Individual Monthly Income

The average individual monthly income among those who are in the labor force in Payatas is only P 2,602.9680. This is more than a thousand pesos lower than the average for Nagkaisang Nayon which is P 3,695.3240.

Table 9. Individual Monthly Income (15-65 Years Old)



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Buwanang kitaIncluding NW

1186 0.00 32,000.00 2,602.9680

Educational Attainment

The educational attainment of those in the working age population is quite low with only 5.8% having college degree and only 32.4% finishing high school. This confirms what most studies have shown. Educational attainment is crucial for this population because obviously it will determine in large part the kind of work they will have and consequently the income they will get. Most employers require at least a high school education.

Table 10. Educational Attainment (15-65 Years Old.)

Frequency PercentNone 6 .5

Elementary 103 8.7Elementary graduate 132 11.1

High School level 287 24.2High School graduate 384 32.4

College level 157 13.2College graduate 69 5.8Vocational level 10 .8

Vocational graduate 37 3.1Others 1 .1Total 1186 100.0

Educational Attainment and Income

As noted earlier, educational attainment affects individual income. The study confirms what many of us know: that indeed the higher the educational attainment, the higher the income. Thus, those with college degrees have the highest average income of P4365.7971. This is more than twice that of the education level category with the lowest income.

However, the study also reveals something else - having vocational skills contribute to the level of income as shown by the fact that those who graduated from vocational courses rank second after college graduates in terms of average income. They are even higher than those with some college education.

The policy implication seems to be that vocational courses which are relatively cheaper than going to college should be made available as a cheap but effective intervention in raising incomes.

Table 11. Educational Attainment and Income (5-65 Years Old)_________________________________________________________________________________________________John J. Carroll Institute on Church and Social Issues Partnership of Philippine Support Services Agencies, Inc (JJCICSI) (PHILSSA)

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Educational attainment Buwanang kitaNone 800.0000 (6)

Elementary 2461.1650 (103)Elementary graduate 2484.6970 (132)

High School level 1731.5331 (287)High School graduate 2761.4323 (384)

College level 3114.2675 (157)College graduate 4365.7971 (69)Vocational level 2410.0000 (10)

Vocational graduate 3492.4324 (37)Others 0.0000 (1)Total 2602.9680 (1186)

B. Household Profile

The average household size is 5.27 members which is more or less the same as the national average. More than half are male-headed households.

Table 12. Household Head Distribution by Sex

Sex of Household HeadTotal

HHHMale Female

53.93% (206)46.07% (176) 100.0% (382)

Average Unmet Need for Family Planning

In general, the families want more children than they actually have now. This is the same finding in Nagkaisang Nayon.

Table 13. Average Unmet Need for Family Planning (All Households)


Nais na Bilang ng Anak

258 1.00 12.00 3.5233

Aktwal na Bilang ng Anak

258 .0 9.0 3.140

Unmet Need for FP 258 -10.00 5.00 -.3837


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Among those who do have an unmet need (those who expressed wanting less children than they already have), the average unmet need is 1.9 children. In other words, they have two children more than they really wanted.

Table 14. Average Unmet Need for Family Planning (Households with Unmet Need)

N MinimumMaximum Mean

Unmet Need for FP 40 1.00 5.00 1.9250

Immigration History

Many of households are recent migrants. In fact, 31.6% (20.9% plus 10.7%)settled in their present address after 2000 as shown in Table 15. The average length of stay in present address is 13.1 years so that on the average, the families migrated only around 1994 while the average length of stay in Quezon City is 16.77 years. Both figures are more or less the same as those in Nagkaisang Nayon.

Perhaps, this phenomenon of recent migration should be studied and regulated because such unexpected and unregulated waves of migration will affect the ability of the barangay as well as the city government (but specially the barangay) to provide services that, as it is, are already wanting.

Table 15. Average Length of Stay in Present Address and in Quezon City

N Maximum Minimum Mean

Tagal ng Paninirahan sa QC

320 58 yrs(1949)

0 yr(2007)

16.77 years

Tagal ng Paninirahan sa Kasalukuyang Address

382 40 yrs(1967)

0 yr(2007)

13.1 years

Table 16. Distribution According to the Year Households Started Living in Present Address

Taon Lumipat sa Kasalukuyang Address

Frequency Percent

1965-1969 2 .51970-1974 2 .51975-1979 13 3.41980-1984 32 8.41985-1989 83 21.7

1990-1994 62 16.2_________________________________________________________________________________________________John J. Carroll Institute on Church and Social Issues Partnership of Philippine Support Services Agencies, Inc (JJCICSI) (PHILSSA)

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1995-1999 67 17.52000-2004 80 20.92005-2007 41 10.7

Total 382 100.0

C. Living Conditions The seven indicators for which data was gathered is based on the Millennium Development Goals, Target 11 Indicators which was initially used in Holy Spirit and Baesa. This was intended to make possible a common framework for analysis of survey data. Generally, the data shows that much needs to be done in Payatas in most of the components.

1. Access to Water

There are three components to this indicator – affordability , quality and physical accessibility which is used a proxy for the time and effort spent in getting water.

Affordability

In terms of affordability - which is defined as having access to water that cost less than 10 percent of their monthly income – about three-fourths of households (75.7%) have adequate access to affordable water. And on the average, water expense eats up only 6.6% of household income. On the other hand 18.3% reported paying more than 10 percent of their income for water and are therefore inadequate. This latter figure is higher than in Nagkaisang Nayon. Thus, relatively higher water cost seems to be a problem in Payatas.

Table 17. Distribution of Households According to Percentage of Income Spent on Water

Frequency PercentPaying less than 10 percent of Income

289 75.7

Paying more than 10 percent of Income

70 18.3

Total 359 94.0Missing 23 6.0

Quality_________________________________________________________________________________________________John J. Carroll Institute on Church and Social Issues Partnership of Philippine Support Services Agencies, Inc (JJCICSI) (PHILSSA)

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Quality

In terms of quality, 96.8% have access to water that is tasteless, clear and odorless. In other words, clean water. Thus most households are adequate in terms of this component as well.

Table 18. Distribution of Households According to Clarity, Smell and Taste of Water

May LasaMay Amoy

meron wala Total

meronMalinaw

oo 1 1 216.7% 16.7% 33.3%

hindi 3 1 450.0% 16.7% 66.7%

Total 4 2 666.7% 33.3% 100.0%

walaMalinaw

oo 1 364 365.3% 96.8% 97.1%

hindi 1 10 11.3% 2.7% 2.9%

Total 2 374 376.5% 99.5% 100.0%

Effort and Time

However, as to effort and time, only about a third (38.7%) have their own water connections from MWSS which is considered as the cheapest, most accessible and safest source of water. So the third component is inadequate for most households. The second highest percentage of households gets water by buying from neighbors. Of course such system will tend to be more expensive and tend to take more tie and effort.

Table 19. Distribution of Households According to Type of Water Connection

Frequency Percent

MWSS-Own 148 38.7MWSS-kabit 57 14.9

deepwell-piped to dwelling

1 .3

deepwell-de bomba 1 .3


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mineral 26 6.8bili kapitbahay 115 30.1

tanker 25 6.5balon 5 1.3

rasyon 4 1.0

2. Access to Sanitation

This indicator has two components. For the first component is access to private sanitary toilet that is either a flush or pour-flush toilet and second component is access to a sewerage system (private all-concrete septic tank that is shared with at most only one other household).

Toilet

Three hundred fifty eight (358) or 93.7% have “Adequate” access to toilets. The figure of 358 is derived by adding 339 who have their own pour-flush toilet and the 10 who have their own flush toilets and the 9 who share their pour-flush toilet with only one other family and thus still considered adequate.

Table 20. Distribution of Households According to Type of and Exclusivity of the Use of Toilet

KANINO TOILETflush buhos bored hole

latrinepit latrine Total

Sarili10 339 1 2 352

2.8% 96.3% .3% .6% 100.0%Pang-

komunidad3 3

100.0% 100.0%

Nakikigamit ILAN 2.009 9

39.1% 39.1%More than

213 13

56.4% 56.4%

Sewerage System

However, the figure is much lower for the second component with only 64.7% having their own private all-concrete septic tank.

Table 21. Distribution of Households According to Type of Septic Tank

KLASE Total_________________________________________________________________________________________________John J. Carroll Institute on Church and Social Issues Partnership of Philippine Support Services Agencies, Inc (JJCICSI) (PHILSSA)

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all concrete semi-concrete

iba pa 99.00

MAY KAHATI? sarili 285 54 5 34474.6% 14.1% 1.3% 90.1%

may kahati 23 4 1 286.0% 1.0% .3% 7.3%

88.00 2 1 3.5% .3% .8%

99.00 7 71.8% 1.8%

Total 310 59 6 7 38281.2% 15.4% 1.6% 1.8% 100.0%

3. Security of Tenure

This indicator has four components namely. The first of four indicators for this component is tenure status or ownership of land or being in the process of acquiring ownership of land. The second component is de facto protection from eviction operationally defined as having no experience of being evicted the last five years. The third component is perception of protection from eviction in the next five years and the fourth is active membership in an organization for housing.

Tenure Status

The data show that almost none (0.78%) are owners of or are in the process of acquiring ownership of land. Although not unexpected in urban poor settlements, this is a very low percentage specially when compared to Nagkaisang Nayon. Thus, only three can truly claim that they are secure because they are supported by legal processes.

The same is true for the third component - perception of protection from eviction - which is adequate for 94.1% of households. The last component however is severely wanting because less than half of households (44.3%) are organized, that is, actively exercising their membership. This needs to be addressed as soon as possible considering the fact that a huge percentage are lacking in the first component. After all, how will the communities be able to address the problem of ownership (or non-ownership) of land if they are not organized.

Table 22. Distribution of Households According to Ownership of Land

Ownership of Land Total_________________________________________________________________________________________________John J. Carroll Institute on Church and Social Issues Partnership of Philippine Support Services Agencies, Inc (JJCICSI) (PHILSSA)

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Oo 30.78%

Hindi 37598.17%

Di Alam 40.%

Total 382100.00%

Table 23. Distribution of Non-owner Households According to Mode Land Acquisition

Bili Rights Basta Nagtayo Na Lang

Ng Bahay

Iba pa Total

Hindi 211 54 110 375

56.30% 14.40% 29.30% 100.00%

Table 24. Distribution of Non-owner Households According to the Perceived Ownership of Land

Pribado Publiko Di Alam Total

Hindi 107 220 48 375

28.50% 58.70% 12.80% 100.00%

Of these, most think that they are on PUBLIC LAND owned by the LOCAL GOV’T

Table 25. Distribution of Non-owner Households in Public Land According to the Perceived Owner

National Local Di-alam 88 Total

publiko 17 181 16 6 220


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7.70% 82.30% 7.30% 2.80% 100.00%

A little OVER HALF of those staying in PRIVATE land HAVE PERMISSION

Table 26. Distribution of Households in Private Land According to Whether they Have Permission or Not

May Pahintulot

Walang Pahintulot

Di alam Total

Pribado 56 46 6 10851.90% 42.60% 5.60% 100.00%

Of those staying in PUBLIC land, there is almost an EQUAL DISTRIBUTION between those who HAVE PERMISSION and those who DON’T

Table 27. Distribution of Households in Public Land According to Whether they Have Permission or Not

May Pahintulot

Walang Pahintulot

Di alam 88 Total

Publiko 100 104 13 3 220

45.50% 47.30% 5.90% 1.40% 100.00%

Almost ALL of those staying in PUBLIC LAND WITH PERMISSION are NOT RENTING

Table 28. Distribution of Households in Public Land Who Have Permission According to Whether They are Paying Rent or Not

Umuupa Hindi Umuupa

99 Total

May Pahintulot(Publiko)

3 97 100


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3.00% 97.00% 100.00%

Among those who do not own land, LESS THAN ONE-FOURTH are in the PROCESS OF ACQUIRING them.

Table 29. Distribution of Non-owner Households According to Whether They Are in the Process of Land Acquisition or Not

Oo Hindi Total

Nasa Proseso?

79 296 375

21.10% 78.90% 100.00%

Of those in the process of acquiring land, OVER HALF are through CMP

Table 30. Distribution of Households Who Are in Process According to the Mode of Acquisition

CMP Direct Sale - LGU

Direct Sale -

Landowner

NHA Iba pa Total

Oo 48 7 2 6 16 7960.80% 8.90% 2.50% 7.60% 20.30% 100.00%

Even among those who are not yet in process, the CMP is a popular choice as a possible scheme of land acquisition in the future

Table 31. Distribution of Households Who Are NOT in Process According to the Mode of Acquisition Desired

CMP Direct Sale - LGU

Direct Sale -

Landowner

NHA Iba pa Total

Wala sa Proseso

247 3 12 14 24 300

82.30% 1.00% 4.00% 4.70% 8.00% 100.00%

Eviction


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The second component - which is de facto protection from eviction - is adequate for most households (90.6%) since only 9.4% have experienced demolition or eviction in the past five years. The reason for over half of these evictions was the fact that the owner already needs the land. Thus, although most do not own the land they are staying in, they have at least de fact security.

Still, when projected to the total number of households in Payatas, this 9.4% translates to about 3,760 households who have experienced evictions in the last five year and experienced the problems that come with such experience.

Table 32. Distribution of Households According to Experience of Demolition/Eviction in the Past 5 Years

Nakaranas ng Demolisyon?

Frequency Percent

Oo 36 9.4

Hindi 346 90.6

Total 382 100

However, the mere fact that the households have not experienced eviction does not create a complete picture of the security of their situation. So they were also asked about their future security. The study shows that the third component - perception of protection from eviction - is adequate for 88.5% of households with a bit more than a tenth (11.3%) believing that they might be evicted in the next 5 years. And just like among those who have actually experienced eviction, the main reason is that the owner is already going to use the land.

Table 33. Distribution of Households According to Perception of Possibility of Demolition/Eviction in the Next 5 Years

Madedemolish?Frequency Percent

Meron 43 11.3

Wala 338 88.5

88 1 0.3

Total 382 100

Organizing


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The last component however is wanting because one third of households (33.5%) are not organized. And of those who are organized (66.5%) only a little over two-thirds (70.9%) are active. Thus, only 47.1% of HHs are “Adequate” in terms of active membership in a housing and land organization

This needs to be addressed as soon as possible considering the fact that a huge percentage are lacking in the first component. After all, how will the communities be able to address the problem of ownership (or non-ownership) of land if they are not organized.

Table 34. Distribution of Households According to Membership in a Land and Housing Organization

Miyembro? Frequency PercentMeron 254 66.5Wala 128 33.5Total 382 100

Table 35. Distribution of Households According to Status of Membership

Aktibo?f/%

Oo 18070.90%

Hindi 7429.10%

Total 254100.00%

4. Durability of Housing

Location

Among the four components of this indicator, it is the first component (location of houses in safe areas) that is least problematic with 84.8% of households living in safe areas.

Table 36. Distribution of Households According to Type of Location


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Lokasyon Frequency PercentMaayos na

lugar324 84.8

Danger Zone 57 14.9

88 1 0.3

Total 382 100

Materials Used and Compliance with Regulations

However, the next two components (quality of housing materials and compliance with building code) paint a different picture. Only a little more than one-third (38.0%) of households have houses that are made of permanent materials that are not in need of major repair. Worse, less than a tenth (8.9%) complied with the building code. So just like in Nagakaisang Nayon, we have a situation where most of the houses are not only wanting in quality but do not even comply with building relations which is a very dangerous combination.

Table 37. Distribution of Households According to Type of Materials Used for House Construction and Condition of the House

Kelangan ng repair?Oo Hindi Total

recycled 64 4 6816.8% 1.0% 17.8%

matibay at pangmatagalan

29 145 1747.6% 38.0% 45.5%

kombinasyon 102 38 14026.7% 9.9% 36.6%

Total 195 187 38251.0% 49.0% 100.0%

Compliance

Only 8.9% complied with BP 220 or Building Permit regulations.


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Table 38. Compliance With Building Regulations

Sunod? Frequency PercentOo 34 8.9

Hindi 1 .3di-alam 4 1.088.00 1 .399.00 342 89.5Total 382 100.0

Disaster Preparedness

Given the sorry physical state of the houses and non-compliance with regulations, it is a consolation that disaster preparedness (for flood, fires, earthquakes which could easily destroy low-quality non-compliant houses) is quite high at 87.7%. In other words, a great majority are aware of disaster preparation measures But still, the best preparation to any disaster is to build sturdy and regulations-compliant housing structures.

Table 39. Knowledge of Disaster Preparation Measures

May sapat ba kayong

kaalaman?

Frequency Percent

Oo 335 87.7

Hindi 47 12.3

Total 382 100

5. Sufficiency of Living Space

The only component to this indicator is overcrowding which is defined as a situation where less than 2 sq.m. is available per person in a house or in sleeping area and having more than 4 people sleeping in an open space. And the study shows that there is overcrowding (and therefore insufficient living space) in 49.7% of households. This is worse than in Nagkaisang Nayon.

Obviously, there is still a wide room (literally and figuratively) for improvement. Overcrowding in a house is crucial because of the fact that it affects the health of the occupants since cramped places tend to be more humid due to the limited circulation of air and since airborne diseases are likely to be passed on because they only have to travel a small area._________________________________________________________________________________________________John J. Carroll Institute on Church and Social Issues Partnership of Philippine Support Services Agencies, Inc (JJCICSI) (PHILSSA)

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Only 4.7% have “Inadequate” house Area

Table 40. Percentage of Households with Adequate House Area

Area per person Frequency PercentLess than 2

sq.m. per person18 4.7

At least 2 sq.m. per person

364 95.3

Total 382 100.0

Percentage of HHs with “Inadequate” house area or sleeping area is 20.9%

Table 41. Percentage of Households with Adequate House and Sleeping AreaArea per person Frequency Percent

Less than 2 sq.m. per person in a house or in sleeping area

80 20.9

At least 2 sq.m. per person in a house or in a sleeping area

302 79.1

Total 382 100.0

Percentage of HHs with “Inadequate” house area or sleeping area + more than 4 persons sleeping in a open space/room is 49.7%.

Table 42. Percentage of Households with Adequate House and Sleeping Area such that No More Than 4 Persons Are Sleeping in an Open Space or Room

Area per person Frequency PercentLess than 2 sq.m. per person in a house or

in sleeping area + more than 4 people

190 49.7


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sleeping in an open space

At least 2 sq.m. per person in a house or in sleeping area + at

most 4 people sleeping in an open

space

192 50.3

6. Environmental Management

There are only two components to this indicator. The figure in terms of the first component (proper disposal of solid waste) is quite good with almost all (97.5%) households reporting that their garbage is being collected regularly by garbage trucks. However, most families are wanting in the second component with only a third (34.1%) of families saying that the drainage system in their neighborhood is adequate.

Proper Solid Waste Disposal

Almost all (94.5%) say that garbage is being collected by garbage trucks

Table 43. Mode of Disposing Solid Waste

Frequency PercentKinokolekta ng

trak361 94.5

Kinokolekta ng kariton

4 1

Pagsunog 10 2.6Pagtapon sa

bakanteng lupa1 0.3

Paghihiwalay 1 0.3Iba pa 5 1.3Total 382 100

Additionally, majority say that it is collected once a week.

Table 44. Frequency of Collection Solid Waste

Frequency Percent


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Araw-araw 59 15.4Kada 1 linggo 205 53.7

Kkada 2 linggo 98 25.7Masa matagal sa

2 linggo3 0.8

88 1 0.399 16 4.2

Total 382 100

A little over half say that they do not segregate nor not burn their garbage.

Table 45. Compliance with Environmental Laws

Frequency PercentPaghihiwalay 73 19.1

Hindi Pagsunog 98 25.7Wala sa Dalawa 211 55.2

Total 382 100

Drainage System

Only 9.2% have “Adequate” drainage systems which is defined as a covered system of covered canal which does not overflow when it rains. For obvious reasons, having adequate drainage systems is important to the health of the residents.

Table 46. Distribution According to the Type of Canal and Sufficiency During Rainy Days

Klase ng Canal

Sapat Ba Lalo na Sa Tag-ulan?Oo Hindi 99.00 Total

Open Canal 223 90 31358.4% 23.6% 81.9%

Covered Canal

35 10 459.2% 2.6% 11.8%


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iba pa 2 1 3.5% .3% .8%

99.00 1 1 19 21.3% .3% 5.0% 5.5%

Total 102 19 38268.3% 26.7% 5.0% 100.0%

7. Access to Other Basic Services

Electricity

In terms of access to electricity, while most (94.0%) have access to MERALCO, only a little more than half (55.5%) have electric meters of their own. This needs to be improved by taking advantage of programs like the Depressed Area Electrification Program (DAEP).

Table 47. Access to MERALCO and Exclusivity of Access

MAY KAHATI? Total

sarili nakikihati 88.00 99.00

MERALCO ACCESS

meron 212 145 2 359

55.5% 38.0% .5% 94.0%

wala 23 23

6.0% 6.0%

Total 212 145 2 23 382

55.5% 38.0% .5% 6.0% 100.0%

Livelihood

Among the 3 institutions, it is the barangay that they know best as having a livelihood program.

Table 48. Knowledge of Availability of Livelihood Projects by Provider

BARANGAY CITY NGOFrequency Percent FrequencyPercent Frequency Percent

Meron 162 42.4 108 28.3 111 29.1


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Wala 190 49.7 226 59.2 225 58.9Di - alam 30 7.9 48 12.6 46 12

Total 382 100 382 100 382 100

Health

Access to health services is also not sufficient because while most have access to nearby health centers (87.7%), only less than one-third (32.19%) of those who needed medicine for common sickness are able to get medicine in sufficient quantity. The most common services given are medical services followed by dental and maternal care services. Some are also lying-in clinics.

Table 49. Availability of Nearby Health Centers

Health Center? Frequency PercentMeron 335 87.7Wala 45 11.8

Di - alam 2 0.5Total 382 100

Table 50. Availability of Health Services by Type of Service

MEDICAL DENTAL LYING IN MATERNALCARE

f % f % f % f %Meron 287 75.1 151 39.5 38 9.9 71 18.6Wala 94 24.6 230 60.2 343 89.8 310 81.2

No reply 1 0.3 1 0.3 1 0.3 1 0.3Total 382 100 382 100 382 100 382 100

Only 52.1% obtained medicine for common sicknesses from the brgy. health center when they needed it. Of these, only 61.8% obtained sufficient quantity.

Table 51. Availability of MedicineNakakuha ba ng GAMOT para sa karaniwang sakit

nung kinailangan?

Frequency Percent

Oo 199 52.1


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Hindi 178 46.6Di alam 4 1.088.00 1 .3Total 382 100.0

Table 52. Sufficiency of Quantity of Medicine ObtainedSapat ba ang gamot?

Sapat 12361.8%

Di sapat 7336.7%

Di alam 31.5%

Total 199100.0%

The most common sicknesses are coughing, colds and fever.

Table 53. Most Common Ilnesses

# of times mentioned

Ubo 272Sipon 255Lagnat 250

Trangkaso 39Asthma 19Pagtatae 13

High Blood 11Headache 11

Of the households who have children who are 6 years old and below, 4.7% have members who are underweight.

Table 54. Households With 0-6 Year Old Children Who Are Underweight

May 0-6 y.o. ba na kulang sa

timbang?

Frequency Percent

Meron 18 4.7


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Wala 206 53.9

99.00 158 41.4

Total 382 100.0

Moreover, 5% of HHs have children who died before they are 6 years oldAnd 2.9% of HHs have children who died before they are 12 months old. No one died from pregnancy-related or birthgiving-related causes.

Table 55. Infant Mortality and Maternal DeathsMay namatay

ba?Died Before 6 years Died Before 12 months Died from pregnancy

or giving birth

f % f % f %

Meron 19 5.0 11 2.9 0 0

Wala 362 94.8 371 97.1 382 100.088.00 1 .3Total 382 100.0 382 100.0 382 100.0

Educational Institutions

Day Care Centers and Elementary Schools are accessible (geographically) to 91.36% and 89.53% respectively of HHs while High Schools are accessible only to about 59.95% of HHs.

Although much better than the situation in Nagkaisang Nayon, there is still much room from improvement here.

Physical accessibility of educational institutions is important because it has direct implications on the ability of households to send its members to school. If schools are far, then transportation costs will likely prevent children from going to school since it will eat up much of the already low household income. Of course, this inability to send children to school will also have implications on the ability of the household to sustain itself economically in the long term.

It must be noted that there is no access to educational institutions offering college degrees nor to vocational institutions which as noted earlier seem to be a fast, open, cheap and effective way of gaining skills that translate to higher income.

Table 56. Availability of Nearby Educational Institutions by Type _________________________________________________________________________________________________John J. Carroll Institute on Church and Social Issues Partnership of Philippine Support Services Agencies, Inc (JJCICSI) (PHILSSA)

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DAYCARE

ELEM HS COLLEGE VOCA-TIONAL

Total

Public 314 329 217 090.0% 96.2% 94.8% 0

Private 2 2 1 0.6% .6% .4% 0

Both 33 11 11 09.5% 3.2% 4.8% 0

Not Indicated

1 0100.0 0

Total 349 342 229 1 0 38291.36% 89.53% 59.95% 0.3% 0 100.0%

Only 3.7% of HH members between 7-16 are not studying. The main reason is financial difficulty.

Table 57. Drop Out Rates

May dapat ba na nag-aaral na di

nag-aaral?

FrequencyHHs

Percent Frequency Individuals(7-16 y.o.)

Percent

Meron 15 3.9 19 3.7

Wala 367 96.1

Total 382 100.0 519 100.0

Public Market

Only 53.9% have access to nearby marketplaces practically all of which are public.

Table 58. Availability of Nearby Market Places

Frequency Percent

Meron 206 53.9

Wala 176 46.1

Total 382 100.0

Of the 46.1% who do not have access to a nearby marketplace, 88.6% have access to a talipapa instead


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Table 59. Availability of Alternatives to Market Places

f / % TotalTalipapa 156 156

88.6% 40.8%Vendor 7 7

4.0% 1.8%Sari-sari Store 12 12

6.8% 3.1%88

(no reply)1 1

6% 0.399

(NA)206

54.9%Total 176 382

100.0% 100.0%

The most common means of transportation are the tricycle, jeep and taxi. Most answered that these are available all day long until late into the night.

Table 60. Means of Transportation

Tricycle Jeep Taxi

f % f % f %Meron 369 96.6 276 72.3 164 42.9Wala 13 3.4 106 27.7 217 56.8Total 382 100.0 382 100.0 381 99.7

25.4% of HHs say that the roads do not have sidewalks.

Table 61. Construction of Sidewalks

Sidewalks Frequency PercentMeron 283 74.1

Wala 97 25.488.00 2 .5

Total 382 100.0


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Only about half categorically say that their community is peaceful. This is about the same as in Nagkaisang Nayon. About a third say that it is moderately peaceful and only 14.4 percent say outright that it is not peaceful at all. However, this latter figure is significantly higher than in Nagkaisang Nayon where only 2.8% say outright that their community not peaceful at all. Fortunately, this did not translate to a higher number of households with members who were victimized by crime since only 0.5% of HHs have members who were victimized within the community.

Table 62. Perception of the Peace and Order Situation in the CommunityPayatas Nagkaisang Nayon

Frequency Percent Frequency PercentTahimik 187 49.0 165 51.1Magulo 55 14.4 9 2.8

Katamtaman 140 36.6 149 46.1Total 382 100.0 323 100.0

Table 63. Households with Members Who Were Victimized by Crimes

Frequency PercentMeron 2 .5

Wala 379 99.2

88.00 1 0.3

Total 382 100.0

Just like in Nagkaisang Nayon, the highest priority is Land and Housing followed by Livelihood.

However, unlike in Nagkaisang Nayon, for Payatas, Peace and Order is in the top 5 which is understandable considering that there are relatively more people in Payatas who think that their community is not peaceful at all than in Nagkaisang Nayon.

Table 64. Ranking of the Most Important Issues for the Households

Frequency PercentPABAHAY 199 52.1

HANAPBUHAY 107 28.0EDUKASYON 27 7.1

TUBIG 17 4.5_________________________________________________________________________________________________John J. Carroll Institute on Church and Social Issues Partnership of Philippine Support Services Agencies, Inc (JJCICSI) (PHILSSA)

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KATAHIMIKAN 13 3.4

KALUSUGAN 8 2.1KURYENTE 6 1.6PALIKURAN 3 0.8

Total 382 100.0

12.8% experienced hunger at least once in the last 3 months. This might not seem much but the magnitude of the problem comes out when this percentage is projected onto the total number of households in the whole of Payatas. This translates to 5,120 households who have experienced hunger in the barangays in the last 3 months due to financial reasons.

Table 65. Experience of Hunger

Di nakakain ng 3 beses sa isang

araw sa nakaraang 3

buwan dahil sa kakapusan ng

pambili

Frequency Percent

Meron 49 12.8

Wala 330 86.4

88.00 3 .8

Total 382 100.0

D. Income and Expenses

Total HH Income is higher than the KAMANAVA income (P7848.37)But lower than the National Average of P14,333

Table 66. Average Monthly Household Income and Total Other Income


HH Income 382 .00 48000.00 8181.2042Total Other Income 382 .00 35000.00 1116.9005Total HH Income 382 .00 54000.00 9298.1047


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Food eats (no pun intended) the biggest chunk of total expenditures with 43.99%. This is about the same as the national figures (2000) which is 43.6

Table 67. Expenditure Distribution

Mean Percent of Total Expense

total house expenses 1685.4950 21.19total food expenses 3397.8351 43.99

total personal expense 422.5550 5.47total monthly educational expenses 834.2880 10.8

total work expense 973.5157 12.60total health expenses 232.5737 3.01

total vice expense 82.4136 1.06total other expense 45.1937 0.59total HH expense 7724.8578 100


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III. Summary, Conclusion and Recommendation

Obviously, the problem in Payatas is complex. A combination of interventions on the community level (organizing/capacity building, maintaining peace, provision of physical infrastructures) and interventions on the household level (increasing incomes, provision of utilities and basic services, etc) are needed. Also, long-term as well as short-term solutions are needed.

Although, the flow of the recommendations that follow later are largely patterned after the layout of the questionnaire or survey instrument, those recommendations would invariably fall under one of these interventions that should be prioritized: a. capacity-building, b. income-raising (through enterprises), c. expenditure reduction through the provision of public goods and utilities such as water and electricity, d. microfinance, e. formalization of assets and security of tenure, f. direct service provision (community infrastructure) such as improved water systems, sanitation, electricity, drainage and solid waste management not only help remove the burden of health problems but also reduce the time needed for domestic task, disaster management and j. alternative social security schemes. Those marked with are considered top priority.

So here are the specific recommendations:

Ensure Youth Participation

The whole population of individuals in this survey is quite young. Given this young population, it is important that any socio-economic program of the barangay address problems of the children and the youth. To know what these other problems are, it is important to ensure their participation in the planning of development strategies.

Reach Out to Persons with Disability

The percentage of persons with disabilities is surprisingly small. However, considering that there are more than 200,000 individuals in Payatas, this low percentage still translates to about 1,600 persons with disability. And their needs would have to be addressed more aggressively considering that none of them received any assistance from anyone according to the survey.

Facilitate Registration of Birth.

This is important for accessing socio-economic services and opportunities.

Increase Membership in Social Security Schemes


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Membership in social security schemes is very low even for government-initiated Philhealth which is supposed to be the cheapest and most accessible health insurance scheme available. It is important that urban poor families be enrolled considering that they are prone to health hazards that are one of the more direct contributors to the vicious cycle of poverty.

It is noteworthy that there is a significant percentage of individual membership in “any financing system” which includes microfinance and other forms of security. It seems to indicate that people, in fact, are willing to join social security schemes that are open to them and that there might be a need or a demand for other forms of security schemes aside from the usual government-initiated ones.

Increase Employment and Livelihood Opportunities

A big percentage of the working age population is not working. Thus employment opportunities must be increased. In fact, in the residents’ ranking of priorities, “livelihood” comes second after “land and housing.”

There is indeed a need to stimulate the establishment of viable income-generating enterprises through identification of opportunities, skills development and access to credit.

It is important to increase the employment rate to also increase the household income considering that the average annual household income for Payatas is almost less than half of the average for NCR 2 the statistical division used by the NSO where Quezon City belongs.

Of course, increasing income will allow households to address their other basic needs as well such as food (and thereby lessening the incidence of hunger) and utilities and the education of the children.

Increase Access to Vocational Education

Average individual monthly income is very low because educational attainment level is also very low. Thus, in the long term, the level of education must be increased.

An effective intervention that requires a shorter time, however, is increasing access to vocational education since the study has shown that having vocational skills contribute to the level of income as shown by the fact that those who graduated from vocational courses rank second after college graduates in terms of average income.

Thus, vocational courses which are relatively cheaper than going to college should be made available as a cheap but effective intervention in raising incomes. Moreover, not only does it take less time to complete but is also open to most people even those of more advanced age who no longer find it practical to go back to traditional school.

Study and Regulate Migration


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Many are recent migrants. In fact, 41.4% settled in their present address after 2000. The average length of stay in present address is 12.9 years while the average length of stay in Quezon City is 16.2 years. Perhaps, this phenomenon of recent migration should be studied or regulated (not outright banning!) because such unexpected and unregulated waves of migration will affect the ability of the barangay government to provided services that, as it is, are already wanting.

Increase Access to Exclusive Connection to the MWSS

What needs to be greatly improved is the number of households who have their own water connections from MWSS since at present only a third is adequate in this component. In fact, according to the residents ranking of priorities, “water” comes fourth, proving that indeed the residents urgently need improvement in this aspect.

Improving this component will decrease the time and effort spent by households on getting water. The time and effort saved can then be channeled to other productive activities. This will also improve affordability (the first component) which though not a big problem still has room for improvement. Thus, money can be saved as well.

Also, the provision of water is especially important because it may increase the income-earning potential of the poor not only because some of their micro-enterprises require water for production but also because since sanitation and health is greatly improved with the availability of water, work time is no longer lost to sickness.

Teach Households to Build Private All-Concrete Septic Tanks

The first component is adequate for most families since most do have access to such sanitary toilets. However, access to a sewerage system (private all-concrete septic tank) is low.. To convince the people, its advantages, especially in terms of protecting the community water systems must be explained.

Aggressively Organize Households to Formalize their Assets and Security of enure

The first component is severely wanting since the data show that less than a quarter of households (21.46%) are owners of the land they are staying on or are in the process of acquiring ownership of land. This is a very low figure.

This might be explained by the fact that only two-thirds of households are organized (and of those only 70% are active.) After all, people have to be organized first before they can initiate any process of land acquisition. This is particularly urgent since according to the resident’s ranking of priority concerns, “land and housing” is the topmost priority. Thus, the unorganized households must be organized first.

This involves the provision of tools so that they will be able to act responsively when the need arises. It includes encouraging them to acquire skills and information to enable them to enter into collective mechanisms and equal partnerships with other actors in society.

Once organized for housing, the families can then use their newly created organizational strength to deal with other community concerns as well. _________________________________________________________________________________________________John J. Carroll Institute on Church and Social Issues Partnership of Philippine Support Services Agencies, Inc (JJCICSI) (PHILSSA)

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Also, formalization of assets and increasing security of tenure in urban poor communities reduces the risk of eviction and consequently gives them psychological security. It also encourages households to investment in the improvement of their houses and opens the door for more public investment in the area as people learn to negotiate with local authorities for improved services. It is also supposed to increase the possibility of obtaining credit.

Encourage Households to Move to Safer Locations.

Encourage Households to Use Strong Materials

The quality of housing materials used by households and the rate of compliance with building code – two of the four components - are very poor. So we have a dangerous combination of large percentage of houses wanting in quality and widespread non-compliance with building relations.

Thus, a campaign to encouraged households to use strong materials and to comply with building regulations may be done. After all, the best way of prevent disasters is to build sturdy and regulations-compliant housing structures.

Of course, it must be noted that the willingness of households to use strong and permanent materials is also a function of their tenure security status.

Proper ventilation and Family Planning

There is overcrowding in 43.4% of households. Obviously, there is still a wide room (literally and figuratively) for improvement. Overcrowding in a house is crucial because of the fact that it affects the health of the occupants.

But it is difficult to recommend anything to truly solve this problem of overcrowding. It will not be solved until the security of tenure of the residents is regularized. In fact, even formal settlements are beset with this problem. For now, all that they can do is to create good ventilation in the house (by making bigger windows for example) to counter the effects of overcrowding on the internal environment of the house. And perhaps, families should be encouraged to adopt family planning methods to lessen the number of children. This is particularly relevant because this survey has shown that in fact, households want more children than they already have in spite of the overcrowding!

Encourage Waste Segregation and Discourage Burning of Waste

Build More Drainage Systems with Sufficient Capacity to Handle Rainwater

The first component (proper disposal of solid waste) is adequate for most (97.5%) households. However, most families are wanting in the second component with only 9.2% of families saying that the drainage system in their neighborhood is adequate.


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This is one very concrete project that the barangays can undertake as a much-needed infrastructure instead of building not-so-needed infrastructure like waiting sheds etc. Another one is the construction of sidewalks.

Increase access to exclusive access electricity

Only a little more than half (55.5%) have electric meters of their own. This needs to be improved by taking advantage of programs like the DAP if it still exists. There are any advantages to having one’s own electricity connection. First, it is cheaper than buying from a neighbor. Second, it is also safer than having multiple users for only one meter. Thirdly, having electricity allows one to undertake economic activities (selling ice candy etc.) that can augment the family’s meager income.

Build more health centers that have enough supply of medicine for common illnesses

Access to health services is also not sufficient because although most have access to health centers (87.7%), only less than one-third (32.19%) of those who needed medicine for common sickness (Cough, Colds and Fever) are able to get medicine in sufficient quantity.

Due to the physical characteristics of their environment, residents of urban poor areas, are prone to sickness. Thus it is important that they have access to health centers. Also, they must have access to sufficient quantities of medicine for at least the most common sicknesses because such common sickness if left untreated can turn serious. Of course, these health hazards only make it even more difficult for urban poor families to get our of their present economic circumstances.

Build more educational institutions especially high schools and vocational schools.

Physical access to high school is very poor. Again, high schools are important because many employers require applicants for work to have at least a high school diploma. If schools are far, then transportation costs will likely prevent children from going to school since it will eat up much of the already low household income. Again, this inability to send children to school will also have implications on the ability of the household to sustain itself economically in the long term.

There are no vocational schools accessible to the families in the barangay. As noted earlier, vocational education can be very effective in increasing income.


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philssaqc.files.wordpress.com · Web viewKnowledge of Availability of Livelihood Projects by Provider BARANGAY CITY NGO Frequency Percent Frequency Percent Frequency Percent Meron