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Unit 2 Section A — Topic 4: Tectonic Landscapes- Questions

4.1 Location and characteristics of tectonic activity.

(i) Describe the landforms A and B shown on Figure 4a. (4)(ii) Landform C shown on Figure 4a is an area of fold mountains. Explain how they are formed. You may use a diagram to help your answer. (4)(b) The plate boundary illustrated in Figure 4a is a destructive one. Some plate boundaries are known as constructive.(i) Explain the processes that take place at constructive plate boundaries. (4)(ii) Study Figure 4b in the Resource Booklet.

It is a map showing the global distribution of volcanoes.

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Explain why the distribution of volcanoes is very uneven. (3)=================================================================================

(i) Name the tectonic plate on which Australia is located on Figure 4b. (1)ii) Describe the distribution of active volcanoes on Figure 4b. (3)(iii) Volcanic activity is happening at point A. Explain why. (4)(i) What is the epicentre of an earthquake? (1)============================================================================

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(i) Which type of plate boundary is shown in Figure 4a? (1) (ii) Draw arrows on Figure 4a to show the direction of plate movement. (1)(iii) Name the type of plate shown at A on Figure 4a. (1)(iv) Explain how volcanoes form at this plate boundary. You may use a diagram in your answer. (4)==================================================================================(a) Study Figure 4a. It shows the magnitude of earthquakes on 23rd August 2009.

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(i) Which area had the largest earthquake on the 23rd August 2009? (1) (ii) Describe the distribution of earthquakes shown on Figure 4a. Use evidence from Figure 4a in your answer. (4)(iii) Outline a difference between the focus and epicentre of an earthquake. (2)(iii) The island of Lanzarote has been formed over a hotspot. Explain how volcanoes form over hotspots. Use an annotated diagram or diagrams in your answer. (4)================================================================================

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(i) Which point V, W, X or Y on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge has the most movementper year? (1) (ii) Describe the movements shown along this plate boundary. (3)(iii) On Figure 4a there are four red spots marked 1 to 4. Which red spot shows the location of a volcano? (1) (iv) Explain how volcanoes occur at divergent plate boundaries. (4)(v) Compare the characteristic features of convergent plate boundaries andconservative plate boundaries. (4)==================================================================================

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(i) The dates of seven volcanic eruptions are shown on Figure 4a. Which one occurred before 1950? (1) (ii) Describe the distribution of volcanoes shown in Figure 4a. Use evidence from Figure 4a in your answer. (4)(iii) The volcano Kilauea shown on Figure 4a is found in the middle of a plate. What type of volcano is this? (1) (iv) Explain the formation of volcanoes at convergent plate boundaries. You may use a diagram(s) in your answer. (4)

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4.2 Management of the effects of tectonic activity.

(c) Study Photograph F in the Resource Booklet. It shows an area that has been affected by volcanic eruption in an low-income country (LIC).

Explain the effects of volcanic eruptions such as this on the economy of a low incomecountry. (4)=========================================================================

(i) What is the epicentre of an earthquake? (1)(ii) Do you think this earthquake happened in a LIC or a HIC? Give reasons for your answer. (3)*(d) Study Photograph G in the Resource Booklet. It shows a disaster survival kit.

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Explain the methods used both before and after a natural disaster to limit its effects. (6)(iii) It is not possible to predict earthquakes. Justify this statement. (3)(c) Explain the economic reasons why many people continue to live in areas that suffer from earthquakes and volcanic activity. Use examples in your answer. (4)(d) Choose either an earthquake or a volcanic eruption that you have studied.Explain the causes. (6)=============================================================================(b) Study Figure 4b (photograph) in the Resource Booklet. It shows an area of Kobe affected by an earthquake.

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(i) State the main effect shown in Figure 4b? (1)(ii) Explain why some buildings are still standing in Figure 4b. (3)(iii) The area in Figure 4b is near the epicentre. What is the epicentre? (1)(iv) Outline the differences between the Mercalli and the Richter scales. (3)(c) Suggest reasons why people continue to live in areas affected by volcanic eruptions. (4)(d) Choose a volcanic eruption or an earthquake you have studied. Explain the effects of the volcanic eruption or the earthquake on the people and the environment. (6)=================================================================================(b) Study Figure 4c (satellite image) in the Resource Booklet.It shows Arrecife on the volcanic island of Lanzarote.

(i) What is the main human activity shown at P on Figure 4c? (1)(ii) Outline why people continue to live on volcanic islands such as Lanzarote. (3)(c) Explain how the effects of an earthquake can be reduced. (4)(d) Choose a volcanic eruption or an earthquake you have studied. Explain the causes of the volcanic eruption or earthquake. (6)============================================================================(b) Why do people continue to live in areas affected by earthquakes? (3)(c) Study Figure 4b (photograph) in the Resource Booklet. It shows an area affected by the Haiti earthquake in 2010.

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(i) Describe how planning before the event could have reduced the effects of this earthquake. (3)(ii) Explain the effects of a volcanic eruption or an earthquake. (6)==================================================================================

(i) What is the difference between the number of earthquakes in 2009 and 2010 shown on Figure 4b? (1) (ii) In how many years are there more than 10 earthquakes shown on Figure 4b? (1) (iii) Outline ways in which earthquakes can be measured. (3) (iv) Suggest reasons why people continue to live in areas affected by earthquakes. (4)(c) Explain how the effects of volcanic eruptions are reduced through prediction and prevention. Use examples in your answer. (6)