sflitlounge.wikispaces.com · Web viewAnchor charts create a public trail of thinking. They provide visual supports to children during read-alouds and shared reading, and they can

Spring-Ford Area School District

Skills and StrategiesGrades 3-6

This document includes:

Working Definition of Skill or Strategy- This is the information that we want our students to be able to understand and use to make sense of what they are reading. They are always bolded and underlined in this document.

Taylor, Summer 2010 Page 1

Possible Anchor Charts-Anchor charts create a public trail of thinking. They provide visual supports to children during read-alouds and shared reading, and they can be used as a reference during guided reading. They also record a shared understanding of a skill or strategy. Anchor charts are often displayed around the room and then saved for review. The chart “anchors” students’ thinking. They are typically made during the lesson with input from students. http://www.readinglady.com/mosaic/tools/AnchorChartPhotographsfromKellyandGinger /

Writing Connection-It is important to make the reading/writing connection as much as possible. It saves instructional time and makes sense for students.

Possible Read-Alouds-These lists contain books that can be used to teach a specific skill or strategy. Teachers model their use of a skill or a strategy whole group. Lead teachers chose anchor texts from the anthology for shared reading (see monthly curriculum maps). You can provide more instruction using instructional level text during guided reading. Students can apply the skills and strategies in their independent reading as well.

Note---Strategies vs Skills- Typically strategies are what students do to make sense of text like connect what they read to their prior knowledge, ask questions, determine what is important, etc. Strategy instruction asks students to think about their own thinking and is student-focused. Typically skills are more teacher-directed and taught in isolation. Examples of skills are cause/effect, author’s purpose etc. Afflerback, Pearson and Paris make a great point in noting that “strategies are what we turn to when we lack the skills to accomplish something.”

How do I teach reading skills and strategies within a balanced literacy approach?

Gradual Release of Responsibility

Grouping Format Supports

“I do.”Teacher models their use of a skill or strategy for the class.

whole group instruction

Interactive read-aloud-teacher has text, reads aloud to class and stops to discuss use of skill or strategy.

Shared Reading-teacher and students have text, teacher does

-anchor charts


http://www.readinglady.com/mosaic/tools/AnchorChartPhotographsfromKellyandGinger/

http://www.readinglady.com/mosaic/tools/AnchorChartPhotographsfromKellyandGinger/

majority of reading to class and stops to discuss use of skill or strategy.

“We do.”Teacher supports students as they read a text.

small group instruction

Guided Reading-teacherguides students through a reading of a text but students read the text at their own pace. The groups stop at chosen points to discuss the text and the use of skill or strategy.

Literature Circles-more student independence while reading but teacher sits in on literature discussions.

-leveled text-graphic organizers

“You do.”Students independently read text at their independent levels.

individual instruction with one to one conferences-independent practice for students

Independent Reading-teacher checks in with student through conferences and reading response notebooks.

-book boxes-reading response notebooks

Quarter 1 (fiction focus: narrative texts)

Author’s PurposeAuthor’s purpose is the reason or reasons an author has for writing. Authors don’t usually don’t tell their purposes, or reasons for writing. You have to figure them out. The purposes are to entertain, to inform, and to persuade.

Possible Idea for Anchor Chart:P.I. E. (persuade, inform, entertain)Purpose To

PersuadeTo InformInformationa

To EntertainNarrative/


Persuasive l ProseQuestions Did the

author try to convince me?Did the author want to change my opinion?

Did the author give me facts?Did the author try to teach me something?

Did the author make me laugh?Did the author tell me a story?

Writing Connection:Always discuss why they are writing their different writing pieces. To Entertain: Personal Narrative, FictionTo Inform: How To, Informational Report, Compare/ContrastTo Persuade: Persuasive Letter or Essay

Possible Read-Alouds: Boys of Steel - Marc Tyler Nobleman (show how childhood experiences can lead to adult endeavors)Mr. Peabody's Apples - Madonna (teach a lesson)The Secret Knowledge of Grownups - David Wisniewski (entertain)The Mary Celeste; A Mystery from History - Jane Yolen (inform, encourage inquiry)I Wanna Iguana (persuade)Smoky NightsEarrings - Judith Viorst (persuasive)Hey, Little Ant - Phillip Hoose (seeing both sides of an argument)True Story of the Three Pigs - A. Wolf (Authored by Jon Scieszca) (one side of a story)Joyful NoiseThe WallA Drop of WaterThe Man Who Walked Between the TowersLincoln: A Photobiography

Character AnalysisCharacters are the people or animals in a story or nonfictional article. You can learn about characters by what they think, do and say. You can also learn about characters by paying attention to how other characters in the story treat them and what these other characters say about them.Possible Ideas for Anchor Chart:

T.A.D.=Thoughts, actions, dialogue (or T.A.D.D.=thoughts, actions, dialogue and descriptions)We learn more about characters by examining their thoughts, actions and dialogue as we read.

Writing Connection: When teaching personal narrative, have students explode their small moment with T.A.D. D. What were they thinking at the top of the roller coaster hill? (This is the worst decision I ever made.) What were they


doing?(gripping the bar) What did they say? (“Get me off this thing,” I yelled.) Describe what it looked like to them. (The wooden, rickety track lay ahead of me.)Possible Read-Alouds: Ish - Peter H. Reynolds Grandpa Never Lies - Ralph FletcherPassage to Freedom - Ken Mochizuki When Sophie Gets AngryBrave Irene Ira Sleeps OverMiss Rumphius - Cooney Sylvester and the PebbleThe Paper Bag Princess - Robert Munsch Amazing Grace – HoffmanAmos & Boris – Steig Chrysanthemum – HenkesCrow Boy – Yashima My Great Aunt Arizona – Houston Song and Dance Man – Ackerman Alice in April - Phyllis Reynold Naylor

Annabel - Janice Boland Grandma - Alison Dexter I Want to Be - Thylias Moss Julius - Angela Johnston Miss Tizzy - Libba Moore Gray Monster Mama - Liz Rosenberg Nana's Birthday Party - Amy Hest Owen - Kevin Henkes Scooter - Vera B. Williams Tom - Tomie dePaola William's Ninth Life - Minna Jung Agnes the Sheep - William Taylor

Lydia, Queen of Palestine - Uri Orlev (Gr. 4-6) The Pain and the Great One - Judy Blume Annabelle Swift, Kindergartener - Amy Schwartz My Rotten Red-Headed Older Brother

Henry and Mudge - Cynthia Rylant - Patricia Polacco

SettingSetting is the time and place in which the story occurs. Pictures sometimes show the setting of a story. At other times you have to imagine the setting. Details the author has written can help you see, hear, feel, and smell what it is like to be there. Possible Anchor Chart:

-draw 5 senses chart and describe setting from a book you are readingsmell see hear taste feel

Possible Read Alouds:When I Was Young In the Mountains - Cynthia Rylant

The Relatives Came - Cynthia RylantDreamplace - George Ella Lyon The Goodbye Walk - Joanne Ryder Grab Hands and Run - Frances Temple The Picnic - Ruth Brown Lost+ACE - David McPhail Staying at Sam's - Jenny Hessell


Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs - Judi Barrett

SequenceSequence is the order in which things happen. Sequence can also mean the steps we follow to do something. Clue words like first, next, then and finally help you figure out the sequence of events. Dates and times of day also show sequence. Some events in a story may take place at the same time. Authors may use words like meanwhile, while, or during show this.Possible Anchor Chart:

-write signal words on cards (first, next, then, finally) and tape in order-use as sentence starters to summarize a fiction story you read together as a model for students.

Possible Read-Alouds:Short Story: A Bad Road for Cats (esp. good b/c events happen OUT of order) - 4/5th grade levelWeslandia (good for elements of narrative that lead to sequencing)Fortunately - Remi CharlipMeanwhile Back at the Ranch - Trinka Hakes NobleBringing the Rain to Kapiti Plain - AardemaJumanji - Van AllsburgKing Bidgood’s in the Bathtub – WoodThe Mitten – Brett Where the Wild Things Are – Sendak

PlotPlot - Stories have plot, or a series of events that center on a problem, or conflict. A conflict can be a problem between two people or groups, or between a person and natures. Conflicts can also be problems that characters have within themselves. The climax is a place where the action of the story builds and the conflict may be faced. The resolution is the place where the problem is solved.Possible Anchor Chart:

Introduce the plot line or story mountain with a drawing. Climax

Rising Action

Conflict/Problem Resolution/Solution

Writing Connection:This is the narrative format so students should plan their personal narratives on the plot line or story mountain.

Possible Read-Alouds:Aunt Isabel Tells a Good One - Duke

Aunt Isabel Makes Trouble - Duke (conflict) Two Is a Team - Beim (beginning, middle, climax, end) Two Bad Ants - Van Allsburg


Ming Lo Moves the Mountain – LobelThree Little Javelinas - LowellThree Little PigsOther fairy tales: traditional vs. modern version

ThemeTheme is the underlying meaning of a story—a big idea that stands on its own outside the story. Sometimes an author states the theme directly. Sometimes readers have to figure out the theme on their own, using evidence from the text to support their big idea.Possible Anchor Chart:

THEMES OF STORIES WE HAVE READ

BOOK THEME (AUTHOR’S MESSAGE)(list stories from read aloud, shared reading, or guided reading)

(keep a running list)

Possible Read-Alouds:Willie and the All Stars - Floyd Cooper (equality, belief in self)Grandpa Never Lies - Ralph Fletcher (loss)Teammates - Peter Golenbock (prejudice, equality, friendship, loyalty) see related lesson plans here: http://teachwithpicturebooks.blogspot.com/2009/04/going-extra-innings-with-baseball.htmlPassage to Freedom - Ken Mochizuki (integrity, risk, Holocaust)They Called Her Molly Pitcher - Anne Rockwell (heroism, determination)The Other Side So Far the From SeaThe Table Where Rich People SitFaithful Elephants The Librarian of Basra


http://teachwithpicturebooks.blogspot.com/2009/04/going-extra-innings-with-baseball.html

http://teachwithpicturebooks.blogspot.com/2009/04/going-extra-innings-with-baseball.html

Tuck Everlasting

SummarizeSummarize-A summary is a short statement, no more than a few sentences, that tells the main idea of a selection. A story summary tells the goals of the characters, how they try to reach them. A summary of an article should tell the main idea, leaving out unnecessary details.Possible Anchor Chart:

Divide the sheet into 4 quadrants and write Somebody, Wanted, But, So in each quadrant. Students fill in main character (somebody), their goal (wanted), problem (but) and the final resolution (so).

Possible Read-Alouds:Chicken Sunday - PolaccoSnowflake Bentley - Briggs MartinOx-Cart Man - Hall & CooneySo Far From the Sea - BuntingA Wrinkle in Time - L’EngleAny biography


PredictPredict - To predict means to tell what you think might happen next in a story or article based on what already happened. Your prediction is what you will say next. When you make predictions, you also use your personal knowledge about a topic to help you. Predicting is a process of checking and changing your predictions as you read, based on new information.Possible Anchor Chart:

Things Good Readers Use To Predict*cover*back of book*author*title*pictures* our background knowledge*character’s actions

Possible Read-Alouds:Bad Day at Riverbend - Chris van AllsburgBea and Mr. Jones - Amy SchwartzCat Heaven - Cynthia Rylant (use pictures)Cinnamon's Day Out - Susan L Roth (subtitle: A Gerbil Adventure)Coyote Cry - Byrd BaylorDay Gogo Went to Vote - Elinor Batezat SisuluFortunately - Remi CharlipIt Looked Like Spilt Milk - Charles Shaw (very simple)Just a Dream - Chris van AllsburgMouse's Birthday - Jane YolenSnow - Uri Shulevitz (with text and illustrations)Tiger Called Thomas - Charlotte Zolotow (use title)Tuesday - David Wiesner (last page introduces pigs…what will happen when the pigs fly)Wretched Stone - Chris van Allsburg

Tomorrow’s Alphabet - George Shannon Stanley’s Party - Linda Bailey

***Remember Strategies: Monitor and Fix, Connection, Visualize, Question, Infer, Determine Importance, Summarize and Synthesize

(Please see red strategy binder in each school )***Quarter 2 (nonfiction focus: informational texts)


Author’s purpose (to inform) (see above)

Context cluesContext clues are words and ideas around an unfamiliar word that help you figure out its meaning. The context may give a definition or an explanation of the unfamiliar word. Often the definition or explanation comes just before or just after the word. For example, “Reptiles have an outer covering of thin, flat, hard plates called scales.” Sometimes a synonym, a word with nearly the same meaning as another word, is used as a context clue.Possible Anchor Chart:

Type ExampleDefinition-the word is defined directly and clearly in the sentence in which it appears.

A carnivore is an animal who only eats meat.

Synonym-or restatement. Other words are used in sentence with similar meanings.

“The slender woman was so thin her clothes were too big on her.”

Antonym- or contrast often signaled by the words whereas, unlike, or asopposed to.

“Unlike Jamaal’s room, which was immaculate, Jeffrey’s room was very messy.”

Inference- word meanings are not directly described, but need to be inferred fromthe context.

“Walt’s pugnacious behavior made his opponent back down.”

Possible Read-Alouds:Cook- a- doodle doo - Janet Stevens and Susan Stevens Crummel (multiple meanings)Baloney (Henry P.) - Jon Scieszka and Lane SmithDouble Trouble in Walla Walla - Andrew Clements

Graphic sourcesGraphic sources - Illustrations, charts, graphs, maps, diagrams, tables, lists, time lines and scale drawings are kinds of graphic sources. Previewing graphic sources before reading can help you predict what you will learn. Graphic sources can help you during reading by showing what the words say or by organizing information in a useful way. Maps show us places. A physical map shows landforms and bodies of water. A map key explains symbols and the Taylor, Summer 2010 Page 10

scale of miles. Possible Anchor Chart:

GRAPHIC SOURCES HELP US UNDERSTAND!Graphic Source

How it helps?

photos help me picture what the words say

maps helps me understand where events are taking place

chart organizes facts and information so it is easier to understand

diagrams points out the parts-helps me see the part

flow chart helps me see the steps or phases

Possible Read-Alouds:- library books or Time for Kids with various graphic sources

Steps in a processSteps in a process is telling the order of steps to complete an action. Clue words like first, next, then, and last or numbers written by the steps can show when each step is done. Sometimes illustrations show the steps. At other times you have to picture the steps in your mind and put them in order.Possible Read-Alouds:

- use cookbooks with recipes, directions from board games, science text books

Writing Connection:- connect this skill when writing “How To” piece

Text structureText structure is the way a piece of writing is organized. There are two main kinds of writing: fiction and nonfiction. Fiction tells stories of people and events that an author creates. Fiction is usually organized by the order in which things happen and follows the plot line. Nonfiction tells of real people and events or tells information about the real world. Nonfiction has 5 structures. Nonfiction Text Structures (see text structure unit on wiki or in red strategy binder for examples, posters and lessons)

1.Description is when a topic, idea, person, place, or thing is described by listing its features, characteristics, or examples. Signal words include for instance…, such as…


2.Sequence structure puts events in chronological or time order. Biographies and autobiographies often use sequence structure. Signal words include first, second, next, then and finally.3.Cause is why something happens. An effect is what happens. Sometimes there are signal or clue words, such as because, so, if, then, or since.4.Problem and Solution tells about a problem (and sometimes says why there is a problem) then gives one or more possible solutions.5.Compare is to tell how two or more things are alike. To contrast is to tell how two or more things are different. Clue words such as like or as show comparisons. Clue words such as but or unlike show contrast.

Possible Read Alouds: (mostly fiction - should also use nonfiction text)Cause & Effect

Ruby the Copycat - Peggy Rathmann Heroes - Ken MochizukiTomorrow's Alphabet Chicken Little - Steven KellogAlexander and the Terrible, Horrible, No Good, Very Bad Day Runaway BunnyVery Hungry Caterpillar Rosie's WalkSnowy Day Bringing the Rain To Kapiti Plain

Big Bad Bruce Jumanji Muggie Maggie Chocolate Fever

Pamela Camel - Bill Peet Just For You - Mercer Meyer Today was a Terrible Day - Patricia Reilly Giff The Terrible EEK!

Legend of the Bluebonnet - Tomie de Paola If You Give A Moose A Muffin Sylvester and the Magic Pebble - William Steig In the Woods: Who’s Been Here?

The Day Jimmy’s Boa Ate the Wash - Trinka Hakes Noble One Fine Day - Nonny Hogrogian Five Little Monkeys Jumping On The Bed - Eileen Christeow The Grouchy Ladybug - Eric Carle If you Give a Moose a Muffin - Laura Numeroff The Napping House - Audrey & Don Wood

If you give a Mouse a Cookie - Laura Numeroff True Story of the Three Little Pigs The Runaway Bunny - Margaret Wise Brown The Other Side

Why Mosquitoes Buzz in People’s Ears - Verna Aardema The Faithful Elephants Gardener Mufaro’s Beautiful Daughters Mr. Mumble - Catalanotto The StrayCompare & Contrast Lon Po Po and Little Red Riding Hood The Velveteen Rabbit and Alexander and the Wind Up ToyWriting Connection:

-connect skills when writing “Compare/Contrast” Possible Anchor Chart for Nonfiction Text Structure:

Text Structure-definition

Graphic Organizer Signal Words

Description-when a topic is described

for example…such as…

Sequence-time order

1.2.3.4.5.

firstnext thenlast

Cause/Effect-one event causes another

because…so…


to happenProblem/Solution-problem with solution

one reason for the problem…a solution…

Compare/Contrast-show similarities and differences

same…a difference…in contrast….

***Remember Strategies: Monitor and Fix, Connection, Visualize, Question, Infer, Determine Importance, Summarize and Synthesize)

(Please see red strategy binder in each school )***Quarter 3 (nonfiction focus: informational and then persuasive)

Draw conclusionsDraw conclusions - Authors don’t always tell you everything. Instead, they may give you a few details about what happens or about characters. You can use the details and what you know to draw conclusions, or figure out things about people or animals and what they do. A conclusion is a decision you reach that makes sense after you think about the details or facts that you have read.Possible Ideas for Anchor Chart:

Background Knowledge + Text Clues= Conclusion/Inference

+

Possible Read-Alouds: New York's Bravest - Mary Pope OsborneThe Widow's Broom - Chris Van AllsburgThe Ghost Eyed TreeThe Wretched Stone - Chris Van AllsburgThe Stranger - Chris Van Allsburg


Smoky Night Freedom Summer Seven Blind Mice Gleam and Glow Brother Eagle, Sister SkyManiac Magee

GeneralizeGeneralize - A generalization is a broad statement or rule that applies to many examples. Often clue words, such as all, most, many, some, sometimes, usually, seldom, few or generally, signal generalizations. When you read, you are sometimes given ideas about several things or people. You can generalize, or make a statement about all or most of them together. A valid generalization is supported by facts and your own knowledge. A faulty generalization is not. Possible Read-Alouds:

- use historical fiction

Main idea and supporting detailsMain idea and supporting details-The topic is what a paragraph or article is about. The main idea is the most important idea about the topic. The main idea is often stated in a single sentence within a paragraph or article. However, sometimes you have to figure out the main idea and put it in your own words. Supporting details are small pieces of information that tell more about the main idea.Possible Anchor Chart:

Topic Main Idea Supporting Detail


Writing Connection: When teaching students to write informational texts, have them use this 5 box structure. Each box can represent a sentence or a paragraph.

MAIN IDEA -INTRODUCTIONDETAIL #1DETAIL #2DETAIL #3

RETURN TO MAIN IDEA-CONCLUSION

Possible Read Alouds:The Important Book - Margaret Wise Brown A Chair for My Mother - WilliamsFrog Prince Continued - Scieszka Fables - LobelSo You Want to be President? GardenerThe Amazing Bone Martin’s Big WordsSnowflake Bentley Summer of the Swans

ParaphraseParaphrase is explaining something in your own words. A paraphrase should keep the writer’s meaning. A paraphrase should include all of the author’s ideas, but it should be easier to read than the original.Writing Connection:

Paraphrasing helps you when you read but also when you take notes for an informational report.

Summarize (review - see above)

Author’s purpose (to persuade) (see above)

Author’s viewpointAuthor’s viewpoint is the way an author tells how he/ she feels about their topic. An author’s viewpoint is balanced when both sides of a story or issue are presented and biased when only one side is presented. Possible Read-Alouds:

Encounter (Jane Yolen’s viewpoint of Columbus)The Pain and the Great One (more about brother’s and sister’s point of view than Judy Blume’s viewpoint)The True Story of the Three Little Pigs (wolf’s viewpoint - not truly the author but works)


One Green Apple - Eve Bunting (puts you in immigrant child’s shoes-examines bias)

Fact and opinionFact and opinion-A statement of fact tells something that can be proved true or false. A statement of opinion tells your ideas and feelings. It cannot be proved true or false, but it can be supported by facts and reasons. Sometimes statements of opinion begin with clues such as I believe. Also, words such as pretty that express a person’s feeling, beliefs or judgments are clues to statements of opinions. Some sentences contain both facts and opinions. Possible Anchor Chart:

FACT- a statement that can be proved true or false

OPINION- a statement that tells someone’s ideas or feeling)

(read a text-keep a list of examples of facts and opinions as you read)

Writing Connection:When teaching persuasive writing, make sure students know the

difference between the two. Explain how authors use both facts and opinions to persuade their readers.

Possible Read-Alouds:George Washington’s Mother by Jean Fritz (hold up cards when hear fact or opinion)Guinness Book of World Records (book or website www.guinnessworldrecords.com) -read facts and students generate opinions


http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/


(Please see red strategy binder in each school )***Quarter 4 (nonfiction: persuasive texts and fiction review: narrative texts)

Making judgmentsMaking judgments means thinking about and deciding how to react toward people, situations, and ideas in stories and articles that you read. Use what you know and your experience as you make judgments. Ask yourself if the author is trying to influence you. Does the author support the ideas he or she presents in the text?Possible Read Alouds:

- read various versions of Three Little Pigs and discuss who is at fault Have an oral debate

Persuasive devicesPersuasive devices - Certain techniques are used to convince the reader to agree with the author. It is sometimes called propaganda. If you want to get specific, author’s use several persuasive devices including bandwagon (“everyone’s doing it” mentality like our product is so good everyone buys it), *loaded terms (words that are used to get an emotional response from someone like unsafe or steal), testimonial (individual-often celebrity-gives testimony for product), name calling (make yourself look good by putting others down, often in political ads), and plain folks (regular people talk about quality of product).Writing Connection:

- encourage students to use persuasive devices especially loaded words in their persuasive letters and essays

Possible Read Alouds:- gather advertisements using these persuasive devices


Author’s purpose (review-see above)

Plot (review-see above)

Setting (review-see above)

Summarize(review-see above)


(Please see red strategy binder in each school )***

Literary Devices is a literary technique that produces a specific effect examples include a plot structure like foreshadowing but also figurative


language like simile. Figurative language departs from the literal meaning to create a more vivid or descriptive image and this is why figurative language can be introduced during the descriptive writing unit.

Alliteration is the repetition of the initial consonant. (The sweet smell of success)Possible Read-Alouds:The Z Was ZappedMiss Alaineus Harlem How the Grinch Stole Christmas by Dr. SuessShrek! by William SteigAnimalia by Graeme BaseChicken Little by Steven KellogIf You Were A Writer by Joan Lowry NixonAllison’s Zinnia by Anita LobelThe Voyage of Ludgate Hill by Nancy WillardPrincess Prunella and the Purple Peanut by Margaret AtwoodBashful Bob and Doleful Dorinda by Margaret AtwoodRude Ramsay and the Roaring Radishes by Margaret Atwood

Allusion is brief reference to a person, event, or place, real or ficticious, or to a work of art.

Bias is a one-sided perspective.

Exaggeration is making something seem more important that it is.

Flashback is action that interrupts to show an event that happened at an earlier time which is necessary to better understanding.

Possible Read-Alouds:Miss Rumphius by Barbara CooneyWhy the Chicken Crossed the Road by David MacaulayHouse on Maple Street by Bonnie PryorOne Small Bead by Byrd BaylorPreviously by Allan Ahlberg

Foreshadowing is the use of hints or clues to suggest what will happen later in literature.

Possible Read-Alouds:The Incredible Painting of Felix Clousseau by John AgeeHow Many Days to America? by Eve BuntingAn Early American Christmas by Tomie dePaolaOwl Moon by Jane YolenGrandfather’s Journey by Allen SayEncounter by Jane YolenRuby the Copycat by Peggy Rathmann


Idiom is an expression in one language that does not have a literal meaning. (“She has a bee in her bonnet” does not mean she has an insect in her hat but it means she is angry.)

Possible Read-Alouds:Why the Banana Split by Rick Walton

A Chocolate Moose for Dinner by Fred GwynneAmelia Bedelia by Peggy ParrishThere's A Frog in My ThroatCat Got Your Tongue?

Imagery is language that evokes one or all of the five senses: seeing, hearing, tasting, smelling, touching.

Irony is an implied discrepancy between what is said and what is meant. (“Fine indeed!” he muttered.)

Possible Read-Alouds:Grandfather’s Journey by Allen SayThe Frog Prince Continued by Jon ScieszkaThe Three Little Wolves and the Big Bad Pig by Trivizas OxenburyFish and Flamingo by Nancy White CarlstromThe Fortune Tellers by Lloyd AlexanderThe Mountain Garden by Peter ParnallAn Angel for Solomon Singer by Cynthia Rylant

Mood/Tone is the emotional attitude the author takes towards his subject.Possible Read-Alouds:Star of Hope, Star of Fear by Jo Hoestlandt (Holocaust)

Onomatopoeia is a word that imitates the sound it represents. (kerplunk)Possible Read-Alouds:Sector 7 Home Run The Three PigsSky Dogs Love That Dog

Personification is giving human qualities to animals and objects. (a smiling moon)Possible Read-Alouds:Heartland True Story of the Three Little PigsMirandy and Brother Wind Tough Cookie The Frog Prince The Tale of Despereaux

Point of View refers to who tells us a story and how it is told.Taylor, Summer 2010 Page 20

Possible Read-Alouds:The True Story of the Three Little Pigs by Jon ScieszkaTwo Bad Ants by Chris Van AllsburgHey, Little Ant by Phillip and Hannah HooseCinderella’s Rat by Susan Meddaugh

Simile/Metaphor- A simile is the comparison of two unlike things using like or as. (Her eyes shone like the sun.) A metaphor is a comparison of two unlike things. (Her eyes are the sun.)

Possible Read-Alouds:Tar Beach Tough CookieSnowflake Bentley If Not for the Cat All the Places to Love Pictures of Hollis WoodsThrough the Mickle Woods by Gregory ValiskaGoodbye Geese by Nancy White CarlstonThe Stranger by Chris Van AllsbergUp North at the Cabin by Marsha Wilson ChallThe Tale of the Mandrian Ducks by Katherine PattersonEncounter by Jane Yolen The Secret Olivia Told Me by N. JoyMy Mouth is a VolcanoQuick as a Cricket by Audrey WoodOwl Moon by Jane YolenCome on, Rain!My Dog is as Smelly as Dirty SocksDakota Duggout by Ann TurnerMud is Cake

Symbolism is using an object or action that means something more than its literal meaning.

Possible Read-Alouds:America's White Table by Margot Theis RavenPetunia by Robert DuvaisinThe Girl Who Loved Wild Horses by Paul GobleThrough the Mickle Woods by Valeska GregoryKinda Blue by Ann GrifalconeTar Beach by Faith RingoldElyah’s Story by Michael J. RosenAn Angel for Solomon Singer by Cynthia RylantGrandfather’s Journey by Allen Say


Vocabulary (see wiki for ideas for teaching vocabulary)

Analogy is a comparison of words that have a relationship (hot is to fire as cold is to ice)

Antonyms are words that have opposite meanings. (high and low)

Compound Words are words that are made up two smaller words. (sunshine)

Denotation refers to the literal dictionary definition of a term while connotation refers to the associations made with a word (snake is literally a reptile but it also has a negative, evil connotation).

Homographs are words that are spelled the same but are pronounced differently. (sow, read)

Homonyms are words that are spelled the same but have different meanings. (stroke is “sudden illness” or “gentle movement of your hand”).

Homophones are words that are pronounced the same but spelled differently. (reins / rains)

Multiple Meanings-Many words have more than one meaning. (measure can mean “unit of measure like inches” or “bars of music”)


Prefix is an affix which is placed in the front of a root word that often changes meaning.

Suffix is an affix placed on the end of a word that often changes tense of verbs or part of speech.

Synonyms are words that have similar meanings. (shout and yell)

Graphic Organizers for Reading Comprehension

Graphic organizers help students construct meaning. The following organizers can be used with any book and across all grade levels. Use them to assess your students understanding of what they are reading, observe their thinking process on what you read as a class, as a group, or independently. Once students become comfortable using these organizers, they should begin to pick ones that work for their thinking. Graphic organizers should be simple enough that students could eventually draw them easily in a notebook. Here is a list of the graphic organizers provided (but there are millions out there):Fiction Related

Character Frame Observation Chart Sense Chart Story Sequence Beginning, Middle, End Story Elements Plot Structure Somebody, Wanted, But, So Story Prediction from Previewing Story Comparison

Nonfiction Related KWL Step-by-Step Chart Describing Wheel Steps in a Process Cause and Effect Problem and Solution Compare and Contrast Venn Diagram Main Idea and Supporting Details The Sandwich Chart Fact and Opinion

Vocabulary Vocabulary Frame and Story Prediction From Vocabulary


Documents

sflitlounge.wikispaces.com · Web viewAnchor charts create a public trail of thinking. They provide visual supports to children during read-alouds and shared reading, and they can