VI - University of Georgiafax.libs.uga.edu/QK1xC981/1f/curtis_botanical_mag_vol_05_06.pdf · of Georgia. THE The of THE N BOTANICAL MAGAZINE; ... ^ I N W H I C H The moft Ornamental

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BOTANICAL MAGAZINE;Ir R>Flower-Garden Difplayed:

^ I N W H I C H

The moft Ornamental FOREIGN PLANTS, cultivated in the Open Ground, the Green-Houfe, and the Stove, are ac curately reprefented in their natural Colours.

TO WHICH ARE ADDED,

lafs, Order, Generic and Specific Chara&ers, according ibrated LINNÛS ; their Places of Growth, and

Times of Flowering:

TOGETHER W I T It

APPROVED METHODS OF CULTURE.

UniWORK

tended for the Ufe of fuch LADIES, GENTLEMEN, and GARDENERS, as wifli to become fcientifically acquainted with the Plants they .cultivate.

By W ILLIAM C U R T I S,) Author of the FLORA LONDINENSIS.

VOL. V. - t>

__________« the garden yieldsA foft amuiement, an humane delight. To raife th' infipid nature of the ground, Or tame its favage genius to the grace Of carelefs fweet rufticity, that feems The amiable refult of happy chance, Is to create, and give a god-like joy Which ev'ry year improves." ARMSTRONG*

L O

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.7. C URT IS, K 3, St. George's-Crefcent, Elack-Friars-Road j

N D O N:

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.And Sold^by the principal Bookfellers in Great-Britain and Ireland. M DCC XCir

II

C M5 ]

MONARDA FlSTULOSA, tW. CRIMSON

MONARDA.

Order.

DlANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

Generic Character.

Corolla inasqualis : labio fuperiore lineari filamenta involvente,Semina 4 .

Specific Charaffer and Synonyms.

MONAR'DA fftulofa capitulis terminalibus, caule obtufan- gulo. Linn. Syft. Vegetal, p. 68. e d. 1 4. Murr. HOT I. Keiv. v. i. p. 36.

ORIGANUM fiftulofum Cahadenfe. Corn. Canad. 1 3. /. 14.

The Monarda fftulofa, a .hardy herbaceous plant, growing' fpontaneoufly in Canada, and other parts of North-America, has long been cultivated in the Englifh gardens, to which it recommends itfelf as much by the fragrance of its foliage, as the beauty of its flowers; of this fpecies the plant here figured is an uncommonly beautiful variety, its bloflbms far furpafling thofe of the original in fize, as well as brilliancy of eolour, the floral leaves alfo are highly coloured; we have sreprefented a fingle bloflbm of the common Monarda fjiulofa, that the difference of the two may be rendered obvious.

This variety has been very lately introduced from Holland, by Meflrs. GRIMWOOD and Co. Kenfington; it flowers from June to September, and is propagated by parting its root& in fpring or autumn.

BthFrki. ytji ly W/C/rfz/vJ'fedrtdip Cfyixnt.

C M6 3HYPERICUM CALYCINUM. LARGE-

FLOWER'D ST. JOHN'S-WORT.

Clofs and Order.

POLYADELPHIA PoLYANDRIA.

Generic CharacJen

Calyx 5-partitus. Petala 5 . Filament a multa, ,in 5 phalanges bafi connata. Capfula.

Specific Character and Synonyms.

HYPERICUM calycinum floribus pentagynis folitariis terminalibus, caule tetragono fruticofo, foliis oblongo-ovatis coriaceis. Linn. Syft. Vegetal. p. 700. Mant. 1 06. Hort. Kcw. v. 3 . 103.

ASCYRUM magno flore. Baub. Pin. 2 80. Prodr. 1 30.ANDROS'ÊMUM Conftantinopolitanum flore maximo.

Wbeler's Journey into Greece> p. 205. cum

This fpecies of St. John's-Wort, particularly diftinguiflied by the largenefs of its flowers, has very generally been confidered as the AJcyron of LINNAEUS, owing to his giving to that plant the fynonyms which properly belong to the prefent one : in his Mantiffa, this fpecies is called calycinum, which name is adopted in the 4th edition of the Syflema VegetabiUum, and alfo in the Horlus Kewenfis, where the proper fynonyms are applied to it, and from which we learn, that it is a native of the country near Conftantinople, and was introduced into this country by Sir GEORGE WHELER, Bart, in 1676.

tIt is a hardy perennial, increafing much by its roots, which

are of the creeping kind, and by parting of which in the autumn it is mo ft readily propagated; like the periwinkle, it is a plant well adapted to cover a bank, or bare, fppts under trees, where other plants will not thrive.

*.

It flowers from July to September.

C 147.3DAIS COTINIFOLIA. COTINUS-LEAV'D DAIS.

Clafs and Order.

DEGANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

Generic CharaRer.

Involucrum 4-phyllum. Cor. 4. f. 5-fida. Bacca i-fpcrma.

Specific Character and. Synonyms.

DAIS cotinifolia floribus quinquefidis decandris. Linn. Syft. Vegetab. ed. 1 4. Murr. f. 403. Spec. PL p. 556.

DAIS laurifolia. Jacq. ic. collect, i. p. 46.

The Dais cotinifolia is an ornamental Green-houfe Shrub, of the deciduous kind, and though it appears from the Hortus Kewenfis to have been introduced by Mr. JAMES GORDON, of Mile-End, in 1776, is yet a great rarity with us, and only to be found in fome of the firft collections.

Its fcarcity, and confequent very high price, is attributed to the Nurfery-men's not having yet difcovered the means of propagating it freely.. Meffrs. GRIMWOOD and Co. of Kenfington, have fome very fine plants ,of it, which flower every year in the months of June and July> but as yet have produced no pe.rfecl: feeds, which they may be expefted to do when grown older; fuch having been known to ripen them in Holland.

It is a native of the Cape, and appears to have been long poflefled by the Dutch, as its Generic Character taken from D. V. ROYEN, is printed in the-Genera Plantarum of LIN- N/EUS in 1764.

There are only two known fpecies, and they vary in the number of their Stamina, and divifions of the Corolla.

I

Ch/ch/cait.

I

[ 148 ]

PELARGONIUM BETULINUM. BIRCH-LEAV'D \ CRANE'S-BILL.

*******************Oafs and Order.

MONADELPHIA HfiPTANDRIA.

Generic Character.

Ceil. 5-partitus: lacinia fuprema definente in tubulum capilla- rem neftariferum, fecus pedunculum decurrentem. Cor. 5-petala, irregularis. Filamenta 1 0, inaequalia: quorum 3 (raro 5) caftrata. Fruffus 5 -coccus, roftratus: roftra fpiralia, introrfum barbata. L' Herit. Geran.


PELARGONIUM letulinum umbellis paucifloris, foliisovatis insequaliter ferratis Isevigatis. L' Herit.n. 84.

GERANIUM letulinum calycibus monophyllis, foliis ovatis insequaliter ferratis planis, caule fruticofo. Linn. Sp. PI. p. 946. Burm. Ger. 38.

GERANIUM fruticofum, betulse folio, africanum. RaiiSuppL 5*3-

Though long fince defcribed, we have been in pofleffion of this fpecies of Crane's-Bill but a few years; it is one of the many new ones introduced by Mr. MASSON from the Cape, and at the fame time one of the moft defirable, as its bloflbms which are ornamental, are freely produced during moft of the fummer, and the plant itfelf is readily propagated by cuttings.

The flowers vary confiderably, both in fize, and colour; its foliage is different from that of moft others, and, as its name imports, like that of the Birch-Tree.

It requires the fame treatment as moft other Green-Houfe Plants.

\)

C 149 3ZINNIA MULTIFLORA. MANY-FLOWERED

ZINNIA.

Clafs and Order.

SYNGENESIA POLYGAMIA SUPERFLUA.

Generic Character.

Recept. paleaceum. Pappus ariftis 2 ereftis. Col. ovato- cylindricus, imbricatus. Flofculi radii 5-10, perfiftentes, integri.


ZINNIA multiflora floribus pedunculatis. Linn. Syft. Veg. ed. 1 4. Murr. p. 777.

The Zinnia multiflora, a native of Louifania, is a plant of more modern introduction, but requires the fame treatment, and flowers at the fame time, as the fagetes patit/a, with which, though far inferior in brilliancy of colour, it contri butes to decorate the borders of the flower-garden from June to September.

There is a variety of it with yellow flowers, nearly as com mon in our gardens as the prefent plant.

LINNAEUS gave to this genus the name of ZINNIA, in ho nour of JOH. GOTTFR. ZINN, the pupil of HALLER, and his fucceflbr at the Univerfity of Gottingen.

The plant we have figured, anfwers to the name and to the fpecific defcription of LINNÊUS'S multiflora\ having never feen \\ispauctflora, we cannot fay whether there be any juft caufe for fufpe£ling them to be varieties of each other.

I

LTAGETES PATULA. SPREADING TAGETES,

or FRENCH MARIGOLD.

Jill, Akin

Oafs, and Order. SYNGENESIA POLYGAMIA SUPERFLUA.

Generic Character.Reccptaculum nudum. Pappus ariftis 5 eredis. Col. i -phyllus,

5 -dentatus, tubulofus. Flofculi radii 4-8, per'fifteiues.Specific Cbarafter and Synonyms.

TAGETES patula caule fubdivifo patulo. Linn. Syft. Veg.ed. 1 4- Murr. 228.

TANACETUM Africanum f Flos Africanus minor. Bauh.Pin. 1 32.

FLOS Africanus. Dod. Pempt. 255. The fmall fingle French Marigold. Park. Par. p. 304.

For richnefs and variety of tints few flowers can vie with this fpe'cies of Tagetes, which forms one of the chief orna ments of our gardens at the clofe of fummer.

Some authors make it a native of Africa, others of America. Two principal varieties are ufually kept in the gardens, the

common fmall fort with a ftrongdifagreeable fmell, and a larger one here figured, ufually called fweet-fcented, the former is of more humble growth, its branches more fpreading, its bloflbms fmaller than thofe of the latter, the flowers of which have ufually a greater portion of the yellow tint, and the fmell of the other fo modified as to be far lefs difagreeable; fweet- fcented we fear it can fcarcely be called: from the feed of both forts fome flowers will be produced extremely double, . and others fingle.

MILLER recommends the feed to be frequently changed, to prevent them from degenerating.

It is one of our tender annuals which require to be raifed on a gentle hot-.bed, if we are defirous of having them early; if that be not an objeft, they may be fown under a common hand-glafs on a warm border the beginning of May, and, when large enough, planted out in the flower-beds' where they are to remain.

DODONJEUS obferves, that the leaves, if held up to the light, appear as if perforated; and he adduces fome inftances. which prove the plant to be of a poifonous nature.

1

CLOTUS TETRAGONOLOBUS.

LOTUS.WINGED

Clafs and Order.

DiADELPHiA DECANDRIA.

Generic Character.

Legumen cylindricum ftriflum. Ala furfum longitudinaliter conniventes. Cal. tubulofus.

Specific Character and Synottyms.

LOTUS tetragonololus leguminibus folitariis membranaceo- quadrangulis, braftaeis ovatis. Linn. Syft. Vegetab. p. 691. Ait. Hort. Kew. p. 9 1.

LOTUS ruber filiqua angulofa. Bauhs Pin. 3 32.

LOTUS pulcherrima tetragonolobus. Comm. Hort. Qi.t. 2 6.

PISUM quadratum, the crimfon-bloflbm'd or fquare-codded Peafe. Park. Parad. p. 338.

A common annual in our gardens, where it has been long cultivated; is a native of Sicily, and flowers in the open borders in July and Auguft; requires the fame management as other hardy annuals.

MILLER obferves, that it was formerly cultivated as an efculent plant, the green pods being drefled and eaten as peas.

\'-\

C J52 3

EPIDENDRUM COCHLEATUM. TWO-LEAV'D EPIDENDRUM*

Clafs and Order. GYNANDRIA DIANDRIA.

Generic Charaffer. Neftarium turbinatum, obliquum, reflexum.

Specific Charalfer and Synonyms.EPIDENDRUM cochleatum foliis oblongis geminis glabris

flriatis bulbo innatis, fcapo multifloro, nec- tario cordato. Linn. Syft. Vegetal, ed. 14. Murr. p. 8 19. Ait-. Hort. Kew. V. 3 . p . 303.

HELLEBORINE cochleato flore. Plum. Sp. Q.U. 1 85. fig. 2 .

Plants which draw their fupport from other living ones, of which there are numerous infiances, are by Botanifts termed parafitical, and of this kind are moft of the prefent family; de riving their generic name, which is of Greek extraction, from growing on trees, into the bark of which they fix their roots ; fome of them are alfo found to grow on dead wood, as the prefent plant, which is defcribed by Sir HANS SLOANE, in his hiftory of Jamaica, V. i . p. 250. /. 121. /. 2. as not only grow ing plentifully on trees, but alfo on the palifadoes of St. Jago de la Vega.

Inftances of thefe plants flowering in England are very rare ; Commodore GARDNER, in the year 1789," prefented to the Apothecaries company fome roots of this plant, taken up in the woods of Jamaica with great care, and which being fuc- Cfrfsfully treated by Mr. FAIRB AIRN in their garden at Chelfea, one of them threw up a flowering ftem laft February, from whence our drawing was made.

Mr. FAIRBAIRN planted the roots in pots of earth, compofed ot rotten wood and decayed leaves, plunging them into the tan-bed of a pit of confiderable fize.

In its fruftification, the Epidendrum obvioufly agrees with the Orchis tribe, but differs efTentially in the ceconomy of its roots; in the Orchis the roots fpring from the crown of the oulb, which is formed in the earth; in the Epidendrum the DUID, or the part which appears to be analogous to a bulb, though

c£rCen colour> is Produced above ground, while the roots or hbres proceed from below it.

C '53 ]BULBOCOD i u M VERNUM. VERNAL

BULBOCODIUM.

*******************Oafs and Order.

HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

Generic Character.Corolla infundibuliformis, hexapetala: unguib,us anguftis

ftaminiferis. Capjula fupera.* Specific Charafler and Synonyms.

BULBOCODIUM vernum foliis lanceolatis. Linn. Syjt. Veg. ed. 1 4. Murr. p. 320. Ait. Hort. Kew. v. i . p. 421. Retz. Olf. Bot. Fafc. 2: t. i .

COLCHICUM vernum hifpanicum. Bauh. Pin. 69. Medowe Saffron of the fpring. Park. Parad.p. 1 58-159. /. 7.

The excellent and learned CLUSIUS, in the fecond appendix to his hiftory of rare plants, gives a very good figure of this plant, both in flower and feed, accompanied with its hiftory; our PARKIN SON alfo reprefents it in his Parad. terr. and gives fuch a minute defcription of it, as convinces us he muft have cultivated it at the time he wrote : Mr. MILLER appears not to have been well acquainted with it, or he would not have defcribed its root to be like that of the Snowdrop; had he faid Colchicum, he would not have mifled: RETZIUS alfo in his Bot. Obf. gives a figure of it with the flower differed.The Bulbocodiumt of which there is only one fpecies, is a mountainous plant, a native of Spain, and flowers in the open ground at the fame time as the Crocus, for a purple variety of which it might eafily be miftaken at firft fight; but it differs from the Crocus in having fix ftamina, and from the Colchicum, to which it is very nearly allied, in having one ftyle inftead of three.It is atprefent a rare plant in our gardens, which 'we attri bute to its bulbs not admitting of much increafe, as well as to its being liable to be killed by froft, and hence re

quiring more care than it may be thought entitled to from us appearance.It varies in the colour of its flowers.

•I

C

SAPONARIA OCYMOIDES, BASIL SOAP-WORT.

******************Oafs and Order.

DECANDRIA DIGYNIA.

Generic Character.-^

Cat. i -phyllus,. nudus. Petala 5 unguiculata. Caff, oblonga i-locularis.


SAPONARIA Ocymoides calycibus cylindricisvillofis, caulibus dichotomis procumbentibus. Linn. Syft. Veg. ed. 1 4. Murr. Jacq. Fl. Aujir. v. 5 . apf. t. 2 3. Ait. Hort. Keiv. "v. 2. p. 8 7.

LYCHNIS vel Ocymoides repens montanum. Bauh. Pin. 206.

The Saponaria Ocymoides has been figured in the appendix to the fifth volume of the Flora Auftriaca in its wild ftate, as in fimilar works every plant is expected to be; our figure reprefents a branch of it only, taken (as all ours in this work pro- feffedly are) from a garden fpecimen which grew on a wall of a particular conftruftion in our garden at Brompton, and of which it was the principal ornament through the months of May, June, and July, during moft of which time it was covered with a profufion of bloom*.

Though it produces bloflbms in abundance, it affords but little feed, but may be increafed by flips or cuttings.

It is a hardy perennial, a native of France, Italy, Swit zerland, and Carinthia, loves a pure air and a dry fituationt, grows beft among rocks, ftones, or out of a wall, and certainly is one of the beft plants imaginable for ornamenting of rock-

,work.I received feeds of it, and many other rare plants, from

my very kind friend Mr. DAVAL, of Orbe, in Switzerland.

* Pulcherrimos et latiflimos in rupibus cefpites efficit. Holler.

i Deleftatur folo duro, arenofo, umbrofo fylvarum. Jacyun.

I

I i-tpyj ty WCuflH- J'&X 0

COXALIS VERSICOLOR. STRIP ED-FLOWER'D

WOOD-SORREL.

Clafs and Order.

DECANDRIA PENTAGYNIA.

Generic Charalier.

Cal. 5-phyllus. Petala unguibus connexa. Capf. angulis dehifcens, 5-gona.

Specific Character and Synonyms.OXALIS verjicolor caule erefto hirto, pedunculis unifloris,

foliis ternatis : foliolis linearibus callofis. Linn.Syft. Veg. ed. 1 4. Murr. p. 1 14. p . 434. Ait. Hort.Kew. -v. 2 . p . 1 14.

OXYS Africana foliis tenuiffimis, flore amplo verficolore.Pluk. Amalth. 1 69. /. 434. /. 5.

OXYS Africana foliis tenuiffimis in fummitate caulis. Raii Suppl. 598.

The Oxalis verficolor is confidered as one of the moft beau tiful of the many fpecies cultivated in gardens ; and, though well known to, and defcribed by feveral of the older Botanifts, has graced our collections but a few years, being introduced to the Royal Garden at Kew, from the Cape (where, as well as in Ethiopia, it grows fpontaneoufly) by Mr. MAS SON, in the Year 1774.

Many of this genus flower early in the fpring, the feafon in which this fpecies alfo puts forth its bloflbms, but by dex terous management it may be made to flower during moft of the year; and this is effefted by placing the pea-like tuberaor knobs which the root fends forth, and by which the plant is propagated, in pots filled with loam and bog-earth at ftated diftant periods."

Like moft of the Cape plants, it is well adapted to the greenhoufe, and fucceeds beft when placed on a front fhelf of the houfe, where it can have plenty of light and air ; fome keep it in the ftove, but there the plant is drawn up, and the flowers lofe a part of their brilliancy : in no fituation do they ever expand but when the fun fhines on them ; this is the lefs to be regretted, as they are moft beautiful when clofed.

I 156 3COREOPSIS VERTICILLATA. WHORLED

COREOPSIS. \

Order.

SYNGENESIA POLYGAMIA FRUSTRANEA.

Generic Character.

Receptaculum paleaceum. Pappus bicornis. polyphyllus, bafi radiis patentibus cinftus.

Specific Charalier and Synonyms.

COREOPSIS verticillata foliis decompofito-linearibus. Linn. Syft. Vegf ed. 1 4. Murr. p.

ereclus,

COREOPSIS foliis verticillatis linearibus multifidis. Gronov. Fl. Virgin, p. 1 31.

DELPHINII vel mei foliis planta ad nodos pofitis caule fin- gulari. Clayt. n. 308.

The Coreopjis 'verticillata is a hardy, perennial, herbaceous plant,'a native of North-America; producing its bloflbms, which are uncommonly fhewy, from July to Oftober, and is readily propagated by parting its roots in Autumn.

It grows to a great height, and is therefore rather adapted to the fhrubbery than the flower-garden.

CLAYTON remarks, that the petals, though of a yellow colour, are ufed by Jthe inhabitant^ to dye cloth red.

AbMay / t̂ yiby WCttrtir

"IK

C '57 3HYACINTHUS BOTRYOIDES.

HYACINTH.GRAPE

Clafs and Order. HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

Generic Character. Cor: campanulata : Pori 3 melliferi gerrninis.

Specific Character and Synonyms.HYACINTHUS botryoides corollis globofis uniformibus,

foliis canaliculato-cylindricis ftriftis. Unit* Syjt. Veget. ed. 1 4. Murr, p. 3 36. Alton Hort. Kew. v. i. p. 459.

HYACINTHUS racemofus czeruleus major. Bauh. Phi* 4 2.HYACINTHUS Botroides cseruleus amcenus.The fide-coloured grape-flower. Park. Par. p. 1 14. p. i 1 3. f. 5 .

The HyacinthUs botryoides, a native of Italy, and cultivated in the time of GERARD and PARKINSON, is now become fcarce with us, being only to be accidentally met with in long- eftablifhed gardens; we firft faw it in the garden of our very worthy and much valued friend, Mr. JOHN CHORLEY, of Tottenham, to whofe lady my collection ftands indebted for feveral rare and valuable plants.

This fpecies increafes'fufficiently fail by offsets, but in the open border does not very readily produce flowering ftems: as both it and the racemofus are apt to become troublefome in a garden from their great increafe, we would recommend their bulbs to be placed in moderately fized pots filled with light earth, and plunged in the borders where they are defigned to flower j in the autumn they fhould be regularly taken out, the offsets thrown away, and about half a dozen of the largeft bulbs left, all of which will moft probably flower at the ufual time, the end of March or beginning of April.

PARKINSON, who moft admirably defcribes this and the racemofus, enumerates three varieties, viz. the white, the blujh* coloured, and the branched ; the firft is frequently imported with other bulbs' from Holland, the fecond and third we have not feen; the latter, if we may judge from PARKINSON'S fig- in h is Parad. is a moft curious plant, and was obtained, as CLUSIUS reports, from feeds of the white variety ; whether it now exifts is deferving of inquiry.

The botryoides d iffers from the racemofus, in having its leaves upright, its bunch of flowers fmaller, the flowers themfelves larger, rounder, of a paler and brighter blue*

I

\

HIBISCUS

C *5§

ROSA SINENSIS. HIBISCUS.

CHINA-ROSE

Clafs and Order.MoNADELPHIA PoLYANDRIA.

Generic Character*Calyx duplex, exterior polyphyllus. Capfala g -Iocularis,

polyfperma.Specific CharaEfer and Synonyms.

HIBISCUS Rtfa Sinenfis foliis ovatis acuminatis ferratis, caule arboreo. Linn. Syft* Vegetal, ed. 1 4. Murr. p. 629. Ait. Hort* Kezv. p. 629.

ALCEA javanica arboreicens, flore pleno rubicundo. Breyn. cent. 1 21. /. 56.

HIBISCUS javanica.. Mill. Ditf. ed. 6 . 4/0. by whom cul tivated in

RUMPHIUS in his - Herbarium Amboinenfe gives an excellent account of this beautiful native of the Earl-Indies, accom panied by a reprefentation of it with double flowers, in which ftate it is more particularly cultivated in all the gardens in India, as well as China ; he informs us that it grows to the Full fize of our hazel, and that it varies with white flowers.

The inhabitants of India, he obferves, are extremely par tial to whatever is red, they confider it as a colour which tends to exhilarate ; and hence they not only cultivate this plant univerfally in their gardens, but ufe its flowers on all occafions of feftivity, and even in their fepulchral rites : he mentions alfo an ceconomical purpofe to which the flowers are applied, little confident with their elegance and beauty, that of blacking Ihoes, whence their name of Rofie calceolaria ; the fhoes, after the colour is imparted to them, are rubbed with the hand, to give them a glofs, and which thereby receives a blueifh tinge, to discharge which they have recourfe to lemon juice.

With us it is kept in the (love, where it thrives and flowers readily during moft of the fummer ; the fingle bloflbms laft but a fliort time, yet their fuperiority arifing from the curious and beautiful ftruaure of the interior parts of the flower, com- perilat.es f r the fliortnefs of their duration.

Il is ufually increafed by cuttings.

C

ALYSSUM SAXATILE. YELLOW ALYSSUM,\

Oafs and Order,

TETRADYNAMIA SILICULOSA,

Generic Character.

Filamenta qusedam introrfum denticulo notata. Silicula emarginata.


ALYSSUM faxatile caulibus frutefcentibus paniculatis, foliis lanceolatis molliffimis repandis. Linn. Syft. Veg, ed. 1 4. Murr. p. 590. Ait. Hort.Kcw.p. 3 81.

ALYSSUM Creticum Saxatile, foliis undulatis incanis. lourn, cor. 1 5.

THLASPI luteum leucoji folio. Bocc. muf. 79. /, 93.

As this plant has very generally pbtained in gardens and nurferi.es the name of yellow Alyflum, we have retained it; for though it is not the only one of the genus which produces yellow flowers, it may ftill be called yellow by way of emi nence, -fuch is the extreme brilliancy and profufion of its blofibms.

It is a native of Crete, and was firft cultivated in this country by Mr. MILLER, in 1731*, at Chellea garden.

It begins to flower about the latter end of April, and con* tinues to bloflbm through great part of May ; and it is not uncommon for it to flower again in autumn.

If it has a pure air and a dry fituation, it will grow in almoft any foil.

The ufual mode of propagating it is by flips,, or cuttings. As it is a fmall, fhewy, hardy plant, and not difpofed to

over-run others, it is very fqitable to embelliih rock-wort;.

* Ait, Hon. Keiv.

[ 160 ]PULMONARIA V lRGINlCA.

L U N G W O R T.

VIRGINIA

Clafs and Order. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

Generic Charalier.Corolla infundibuliformis fauce pervia. Calyx prifmatico-

pentagonus.Specific Character and Synonyms.

PULMONARIA Virginica calycibus abbreviatis, foliis lanceolatis obtufiufculis. Linn. Syjl. Veg. ed. 14. Murr. p. 1 87.

PULMONARIA non maculofa, floribus tubulofis longis pul- cherrimis cseruleis, in panicula pendula congeftis, foliis teneribus glabris latis obtufis, ad margines sequalibus, pediculis di lute purpureis infidentibus, radice crafia inftar fymphyti. Mountain Cowflip. Clayt. Grow./1/, Virg. p. z$.

MILLER informs us in his Dictionary, that the Pulmonaritt Virginica grows naturally upon mountains in moft parts of North-America, that the feeds were fent many years Cnce by Mr. BANISTER, from Virginia ; and feme of the plants were raifed in the garden of the Bifhop of London, at Fulham, where for feveral years it was growing.

Though a native of Virginia, it ranks with the hardy her baceous plants of our gardens, and flowers in the open border about the middle of April ; the blofToms before their expanfion are of a reddifh purple colour, when fully blown they become of a light bright blue, the foliage is glaucous, or blueifh green; it is faid to vary with white and flefh-coloured flowers.

In favourable feafons, the Flower-Garden owes much of its gaiety to this elegant plant, and at a time when ornament is moft defirable.

It requires a pure air, and a fituation moderately flickered, as the cold eafterly winds which too readily prevail in April, when it is in flower, are apt to deface it.

It is ufually propagated by parting its roots in autumn, and is a free grower.

CAMYGDALUS NANA. DWARF ALMOND,

Clafs and Order.

ICOSANDRIA MONOGYNJA.

Generic Character.

Cal. 5-fidus, inferus. Peiala 5. Drupa nuce poris perforata.


AMYGDALUS nana foliis bafi attenuatis. Linn. Syft. Veg. ed. 1 4. Murr. p. 1 62. Pallaf. Roff. i. p. 1 2. /. 6.

AMYGDALUS indiea nana. Pluk. aim. 2 8. /. 11. /. 3.ARMENIACA perficas foliis, fruftu exfucco. Amm. Ruth.

2 73- *• B°>

__ i _The Dwarf Almond, a native of Ruffia and Tartary, is juftly confidered as one of our moft ornamental fhrubs; it rarely rifes above the height of three feet, and hence becomes very fuitable for the fhrubbery of fmall extent. It flowers about the middle of April, fomewhat later than the common Almond.

MILLER obferves, that the roots are apt to put out fuckers, by which the plant may be increafed in plenty; and if thofe are not annually taken away, they will flarve the old plant.

Cultivated in 1683, by Mr. JAMES SUTHERLAND. ^« I-Iorf. Kezv.

Jbb Jitly flirty WCurt •• Sy •••«'-i

C 162 ]SANGUINARIA CANADENSIS. CANADA

PUCCOON, or BLOODWORT.

Clafs and Order.POLYANDRIA MoNOGYNIA.

Generic Character. Cor. 8-petala. Cal. 2-phyllus. Siliqua ovata, i-locularis.

Specific Character and Synonyms.SANGUINARIA Canadenfts. Linn. Syfl. Veg. ed. 1 4. Murr.

p. 489. CHELIDONIUM majus Canadenfe acaulon. Corn. Canad.

212.RANUNCULUS Virginienfis albus. Park. Meat. 226. SANGUINARIA flore fimplici. Dill. Eltb. t. 252.

Though the Sanguinaria cannot be considered as a handfome fhewy plant, yet we fcarcely know its equal in point of deli cacy and fingularity ; there is fomething in it to admire, from the time that its leaves emerge from the ground, and embofom the infant bloflbm, to their full expanfion, and the ripening of its feed veflels.

The woods of Canada, as well as of other parts of North- America, produce this plant in abundance} with us it flowers in the beginning of April : its bloflbms are fugacious, and fully expand only »in fine warm weather. It is a hardy perennial, and is ufually propagated by parting its roots in autumn ; a fituation moderately ihady, and a foil having a mixture of bog-earth or rotten leaves in it fuits it beft.

Its knobby roots, when broken afunder, pour forth a juice or a bright red or orange colour, whence its name of Sangui naria ; with this liquid the Indians are faid to paint themfelves.

EILLENIUS has figured it in his admirable work, the Hortus tlthamenfis; where three varieties of it are reprefented, viz. a large one, a fmall one, and one in which the petals are mul- "Pjied, but which can fcarcely be called double.

it appears from MORISON *, that the Sanguinaria was cul tivated m this country in 1680, the date of his work.

f"16"03 occidental! five in Virginia feu Canada, unde 'oburban "r , ta> 1u*bus propagata ejus fobeles abundanter fatis in hortulo ttonunis * n n ê a Palat* ttonunis Jacob Palat* D*v* Jacobi» v*co

PHLOXc

DIVARICATA. EARLY-FLOWERING LYCHNIDEA.

Clafs and Order.

PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

Generic Character.

Corolla hypocrateriformis. Filamenta insequalia. Stigma 3- fidum. Cal. prifmaticus. Caff. 3-locularis, i-fperma.


PHLOX divaricata foliis lato-lanceolatis: fuperioribus alternis, caule bifido, pedunculis geminis. Linn. Syft. Vegetal, p. 1 99. Ait. Hort. Keiv. p. 206.

LYCHNIDEA virginiana, alfines aquaticse foliis, floribusin ramulis divaricatis. Pluk. Mant. 1 21 ?

Moft of the plants of this genus are natives of North- America, and remarkable for their beauty; they were firft introduced under the name of Lychnidea, which, though a Latin term, is now familiarized to the Englifh ear.

Mr. AITON has given to this fpecies the name of early- flowering, it coming much fooner into bloflbm than any of the others, beginning to flower in May with the yellow Alyffum; its bloflbms, however, are not of fo long duration, nor fo ornamental as fome others of the fame family.

It feldom exceeds a foot in height, and, on this account, may be regarded as a fuitable rock-plant.

It rarely ripens its feeds with us, but is readily increafed either by cuttings or layers; fucceeds belt in a pure air and a fituation moderately dry.

Like mod other American plants, it is of modern intro- duftionj was cultivated by Mr. MILLER, in 1758, and figured in his Icones.

RANUNCULUS GRAMINEUS. GRASS-LEAVED CROWFOOT.

JlthA

Order.POLYANDRIA POLYGYNIA.

Generic Character.Calyx 5-phyllus. Petala 5 intra ungues poro mellifero. Semina

nuda.

Specific Cbarafler and Synonyms.RANUNCULUS gramitieus foliis lanceolate linearibus indi-

vifis, caule erefto laeviffimo paucifloro. Linn. Syjl. Vegetal, ed 1 4. Murr. p. 5 15. Ait. Hort. Kew. p. 265.

RANUNCULUS gramineo folio bulbofus. Baub. Pin. 1 81 ? RANUNCULUS montanus folio gramineo. Bauh. Pin. 1 80. RANUNCULUS gramineus.

Grafle leafed Crowfoot. Park. Parad. p. 2 18. 221. /. i.

This fpecies of Ranunculus, an inhabitant of the dry paf- 'ures of the South of France and Italy, and a hardy herba ceous plant of ready growth, recommends itfelf by the earlinefs «Us flowering and the delicate glaucous colour of its foliage. , ÂRKINSON figures it with double flowers, though he de- enbes it with femi-double ones only; we have not obferved

jK&er of thefe varieties in the gardens about London, they atth "n?^ Pr kably fallen viftims to the rage for novelty, fecr'fi j'ne ^ wkicn many a fair and goodly flower is yearly

:rs towards the end of April, and is propagated by its roots in autumn.yn.onyms f this and other fpecies of Ranunculus

in GERARD'S Fl. Gallopr. are very inaccurately a ^rofeffor MURRAY'S edition of the Syjl. Vegetal.

C *% 3

NIUM CORDIIOLIUM. HEART

LEAVED GERANIUM,

MONADELPHJA HEETANPRJA,

Generic Character.

Cal. 5-partitus : lacinia fuprema, definente in tubulumlarem, neftariferum, fecus pedunculum decurrentem. Cor, £j-petala, irregularis. Filam. ip ineequalia : quorum 3. (raro 5) caftrata. Fruffus 5-coccus, rpftratus : rpftra fpir ralia introrfum barbata.

S.pec$c CharaBer end Synonym^

PELARGONIUM cardqtuw urqheUis muldfloris, ôliis co.r-, datis acutis dentatis, petalis inferis line- j^ribus acutis. Ai(. ffort. Kew. p.

GERANIUM cofdifoliurn. Ca-yatt. Difs. p. 240, t. n ^

Our readers ê here prefented with the figure of another Geranium of modern introduction, not enumerated by LIN- NJKUS or MILLER, and which in point of beauty, duration of flpwering, and facility of cqlture, is. equal to moll.

It was introduced to the Roya^ Garden at Kew, from tho ^ by Mr. MASSON, in

There are feveral varieties of it, b^t the onp here figured is the moft beautiful.

It ftrikes readily from cuttings, by which it is ufually prft- JPagate<i.

Requires the fame treatment as the more common Gcra,- nmms, and flowers from M^rch to July,

C l66CHEIRANTHUS MARITIMUS. MEDITER.

RANEAN STOCK.

Order. TETRADYNAMIA SILIQUOSA.

Cal. claufus : foliolis

Generic Cbaraffer.Gcrmen utrinque denticulo glandulato.

duobus bafi gibbis. Semina plana.

Specific Chara&er and Synonyms.CHEIRANTHUS maritimus foliis ellipticis obtufis nudis

fcabriufculis, caule diffufo fcabro. Linn. Syft. Vegetal, p. 593. Mantiff. p. 568. Ait. Hort. Keyu. v. z. p. Q^.

LEUCOJUM minus flore violaceo. JBarr. Ic. 1 127.

LINNAEUS has defcribed this plant minutely in his Mantiff® Plant, fo that no doubt remains of its being his maritimus.

With us, it has been cuftomary for Gardeners and Nur- ferymen to diftinguifh this fpecies by the name of Virginia Stock, a name highly improper, as it is found to be a native of the Mediterranean coaft.

The bloflbms which this plant firft puts forth are of a lively red, in a few days they become of a blueifh purple colour ; to this variety of hues the plant owes its chief beauty.

Being of humble growth, and producing a profufion of bloom, which is of long duration, it is frequently ufed as an edging to borders, and fometimes fown in little patches with other annuals ; in whatever way ufed, it contributes greatly to enliven the borders of the flower-garden.

Jt is one of thofe annuals whofe feeds mould be fown in the autumn, as it thereby comes much forwarder into bloom, and its bloflbms are more lively than thofe arifing from feeds fown in the fpring ; by varying the time of fowing, it may be had to flower in fpring, fummer, and autumn.

Small pots of it in bloom have a pretty appearance, and may be ufed to decorate the windows of thofe who refide in cities or great towns, where the pleafures of the garden are not to be enjoyed.

SOPHORA TiiTRAPTERA. WlNGED-PoDDE0

SOPHORA.

Oafs and Order. DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

Generic Character.Calyx 5-dentatus, fuperne gibbus. Cor. papilionacea: alis-

longitudine vexilli. Legumen.Specific CharacJer and Synonyms.

SOPHORA tetraptera foliis pinnatis foliolis numerofis (17 19) lanceolato-oblongis villofiufculis : leguminibus membranaceo-quadrangulis, caule arboreo. Ait* Hort. Kew. p. 43.

SOPHORA tetraptera.' Job. Miller ic. tab. i .

The magnificent and highly curious fpecies of Sophora here represented, is one of the many plants difcovered by Sir JOSEPH BANKS at New-Zealand, where it forms a tree of a confiderable fize.

A finer fight can fcarcely be imagined than a tree of this fort, extending to a great breadth on a wall with a weftern afpeft, in the Apothecaries Garden at Chelfea, where it was planted by Mr. FORSYTH about the year 1774, and which at this moment (April 28, 1791) is thickly covered with large pendulous branches of yellow, 1 had almoft faid golden flow ers; for they have a peculiar richnefs, which it is impoffible to reprefent in colouring; in the winter care is taken to cover it carefully with mats, leaft it fhould fuffer from any extraor dinarily fevere weather.

It ufually produces a few feed veflels of an uncommon form, having four wings, whence its name of tetraptera; from fome of the feeds which have ripened in this country plants have been raifed, and by thefe the plant is found to be propagated with the moll fuccefs; it may alfo be increafed by cuttings and layers.

,:nt.

N./

I

C 168 ]IRIS PAVONIA. PEACOCK IRIS,

Oafs and Order.*

TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

Generic Character.(jtr. 6-petala inzequalis, Petalis alternis geniculato-patentibus,, Stigmata petaliformia ; cucullato-bilabiata.

Specific Charaffer and Synonyms.[RIS pffvonia imberbis folio linear! glabro, fcapo fubunifloro. Linn. Syft. Vegetal. />. 92.

We have our doubts whether the plant here figured be the fnvonia of the Syftema vegetabilium>. as it does not accord fo yell with the defcription there given, as we could wifh ; as I'uch however it has been regarded by tome here, and it muft lie allowed to anfwer extremely well to the name.

It is a fmall delicate Iris, about a foot and a half high, with "ery narrow leaves, bearing on the top of the ftalk one or at pft two flowers, three of the petals are large and white, v"h a brilliant blue fpot at the bafe of each,, edged on the ;>uter fide with deep purple ; the delicacy of the flower, ande eye-Hke fpot at the bafe of three of the petals, render «t one of the moft ftriking plants of the genus.

«

ereri u§Ure here given was drawn fr m a Plant which flow- W with Mefirs. GKIMWOOD and Co. laR June, who receivedf l and> and treat i l i n the fame way as their CaPeot which country it is faid to be a native.*

,vlS n l mentio«ed either in Mr. MILLER'S Gardener's onary, Or A

[f

f

f

if1 "1

C 169 1

IXORA COCCINEA. SCARLET IXORA.

r

Order. TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

Generic Character.

(tor. t -petala, infundibuliformis, longa, fupera, Stamina fupra faucem. Bacca 4-fperma.


IXORA coccinea folijs ovalibus femiamplexicaulibus, floribus fafciculatis. Linn. Syft. Vegetab. ed. 1 4. Murr. Ait. Hort. Kew. p. 1 48.

JASMINUM indicum,, lauri folio, inodomm umbellatum»floribus coccineis. Pluk. aim. 1 96. t . 59. /. 2.

CERASUS zeylanica humilis fylveftris, floribus holofericeis intenfe rubris umbellatim congeftis, fructibus nigris. Muf. Zeyl. p. 1 5,

FLAMMA SYLVARUM Rumph. Ami. 4 . p . 1 05. t . 46, .

It will.appear ftrange» we prefume, to moft of our readers,, when they are informed, that the Ixora coecinea, a plant at prefent in' few hands, and which a fhort time fince was fold in fome of our nurferies for five guineas, fhould have been known in this country a hundred years ago; and yet Mr. AITON, who has fo laudably exerted himfelf, in afcertaining the preeife period, when moft of the exotics culti vated in the royal garden at Kew firft made their appearance in Great-Britain, informs us on very refpeftable authority, that this plant was introduced by Mr. BENTIGK in 1690.

There is every reafon to fuppofe, that this fplendid exotic did not long furvive its introduction ; on inquiry, we learn that it was reintroduced about fifteen years ago, by the late ^Jr. JOHN FOTHERGILL, a name, to medicine and botany fver dear, in whofe rich and mag nficent collection at Upton it was firft known to flower; about the fame time, the late Mr. THOBURN, Nurferyman at Brompton, raifed a fewxoras from foreign feeds, and from thefe (an accident havinga"pened to the plant which was Dr. FOTHERGILL'S) are

to have arifen the plants at prefent in this country^Both

Jbh Oct-j tyy/by WCurttJ- . ffc

Both RHEEDE and RUMPHIUS defcribe and figure thi plant in their refpeftive works, the Hortus Malabaricus and Herbarium Amboinenfe; i t is mentioned alfo by feveral other authors: from their various accounts we difcover, that i» different parts of India, where it grows wild, it forms a {lender fhrub, or tree, about fix feet high, rifing generally with a fingle ftem; that its clufters of flowers, feen from afar are fo brilliant as to referable a burning,coal, efpecially in a dark wood, whence its name of Flamma Syharum; that it grows in the woods, and flowers in September and Oftober producing a black fruit, the fize of fmall cherries, on which the peacocks are fuppofed to feed, and from whence they have obtained the name of Ccrafa Pavonina. The Chinefc call it Santanhoa: with them it produces flowers and fruk the year through, and they hold the bloffoms in fuch verier*, tion, as to ufe them in the facrifices they make to their idol IXORA, whence LINNAEUS has taken the name applied by him to this genus. The root is faid to poffefs fome acrimony, and to be made ufe of by the natives in curing the tooth- ach.

It is cuftomary in this country, to treat the Ixora as a ftove plant; perhaps it may be lefs tender than we are aware of; it flowers in July and Auguft, but has not been known to produce fruit j is increafed from cuttings, without much difficulty.

Our drawing was taken from a fmall but very healthy plant in the ftove of Mr.WniTLEY (late THOBURN and WHITLEY, Brompton).

LINNAEUS defcribes, and fome authors figure this plant with ftipulse, which our plant had not, not being arrived at an age, perhaps, to produce them.

[ 170 ]DRABA AIZOIDES. SENGREEN DRABA, or

WHITLOW-GRASS.

Clqfs and Order.

TETRADYNAMIA SILICULOSA.

Generic Charafter.

SilicuJa integra, ovali-oblonga : valvis planiufculis, diflepi-

mento parallelis. Stylus nullus.


DRABA aizoides fcapo nudo fimplici, foliis enfiformibus carinatis ciliatis. Linn. Syft. Vegetal, ed. Murr. f- 372. Ail. Hort. Kew. v. 2 . p . 3 72-

SEDUM alpinum hirfutu,m luteum. Batth. Pin. 284.

LEUCOJUM luteum aizoides montanum. Col. Ecphr. 2« . p. 62.

The plant here figured, a native of the German Alps, '* one of thofe whofe beauty cannot be (hewn in a fmall de tached piece of it ; to be admired, it mutt be Teen in a tuft

of fome confiderable fize, which it is much difpofed to form

when growing among rock-work, for which, like many other

fmall Alpine plants, it is well fuited; thus elevated above the

furface of the ground, the various beauties of this humbfc

race are more diftinftly feen, and their curious ftrufture more i

readily infpefted.This fpecies is the more to be efteemed, as it flowers very

early in the fpring, in March, and the beginning of Aprl!> and continues in bloflbm about fix weeks.

LINNAEUS originally confounded it with a fimilar the Draba alpina, a miftake fince rectified in his Plant, p. 91.

* -f Ce

JXIA CHINENSIS. CHINESE IXIA.

Clafs and Order.TRIANDKIA MONOGYNIA.

*Generic LharaUer.

Car. 6-partita, campanulata, regularis. Stigmata 3 .

Specific Character and Synonyms.IXIA chinenfis foliis enfiformibus ; floribus remotis, panieula

dichotoma, floribus pedunculatis. Linn. Sp. PI. -v. i . p. 52. Ait. Hort. hew. v. i . p . 62.

MORjEA chinenfis caule compreflb, foliis enfiformibus,. pa nieula diehotoma, floribus pedunculatis. Murv~

• Sjft. Vegctab'. p. 93.

In that elaborate and ineftimabte work,, the Hortus Mala- iaricus, we have a good figure of the plant here exhibited, accompanied by a minute defcription; the author informs us that it grows fpontaneoufly in India, attaining the height even of five or fix feet, and affefting a fandy foil; the natives confider it as an antidote to poifons in general, and regard the bruifed root as peculiarly efficacious in curing the bite of the ferpent, called Cobra de Copella.

We raifed plants of it laft year from feeds imparted to «s by J. IBBETTSON, Efq. of the Admiralty; this year, during the months of Auguft and September, many of them have flowered, and capfules are forming which have every appear ance of producing perfect feeds; the root of this plant is yellow, and tuberous like that of the Iris, the leaves alfo greatly re- lemble thofe of that tribe, it grows to the height of about three

and produces a confiderable number of flowers in fuccef- each of which is of fliort duration.

. and radical leaves as reprefented on the plate are fmaller than in plants which have been long eftablifhed.

. ur Plants ftood in pots in the open ground through the

Pub Octj Jjyt by WCurti;- S'Gcf>raeJ;ijenus ^ s fo mucn in i ts fruftification from many others of the*bich 3t Pr ^' ^ URRAY has confidered it as a Moraa, with

> Jn our humble opinion, it has icarcely any affinity.

I 1 72 ]

LAMIUM ORVALA. BALM-LEAVED ARCHANGEL, or DEAD-NETTLE.

Clafs and Order.

DIDYNAMIA GYMNOSPERMIA.

Generic Character.

\Corolla labium fuperius integrum, fornicatum; lab. infer.

2-lobum ; faux utrinqu^.margine dentata.


LAMIUM Orvala foliis cordatis insequaliter arguteque fei- ratis, corollis fauce inflata, caulibus coloratis. Linn. Syft. Vegetab. ed. 14. Murr. p. 534.

LAMIUM maximum fylvaticum alterum. Bauh. Pin. 231.GALEOPSIS maxima pannonica. , CluJ. hifl. z. p. 35.Hungary Dead-Nettie, or the Dragon Flower. Park. Parad.

P- 3 85-

Few of the plants of this genus have been thought to pol- fefs fufficient beauty for the flower-garden, the prefent one excepted, the magnificence of whofe blofibms juftly entitles it to rank with the more curious, if not the moft beautiful of the vegetable tribes.

Though not common in our gardens, it has long been in troduced, having been cultivated and accurately defcribeu though badly figured, by PARKINSOM in his Parad. terr.

It grows fpontaneoufly in the woods of Italy and Hungar and flowers with us about the latter end of April, at w time, if cold winds prevail, it is apt to be injured, un placed in a fheltered part of the garden.

It may be propagated either by feeds, or by parting roots in autumn, is a hardy plant and grows readily.

WCtirK* s /

C *73 3 AITONIA CAPENSIS. CAPE AITONIA.

Clafs and Order.MONADELPHIA OCTANDRIA,

Generic Character.Monogyna. Cal. 4-partitus. Cor. 4-petala. Bacca ficca, 4-angularis, i-locularis, polyfperma.

Specific Character and Synonyms.AITONIA Capenfis. Linn. Suppl, PL p. 303. Linn. Syjl.

Vegetal, ed. 1 4. Murr. p. 612.COTYLEDON foliis linearibus, flore quadrifido, fruftu

fubrotundo. Burnt. Afric. 53. t. 2 1. /. 2.

This genus, of which there is only one known fpecies, has been named by-the younger LINNÛS, in honour of Mr. WILLIAM AITON, author of the Htirtus Kewenfts, and Bo tanic Gardener to his Majefty. The great length of time *, Mr. AITON has been engaged in the cultivation of plants, the immenfe numbers which have been the conftant objects of his care through every period of their growth, joined to kis fuperior difcernment, give him a decided fuperiority in the frima facie knowledge of living plants over moft Botanifts of the prefent day ; his abilities in the other line of his pro- feflion, are difplayed in the eulogies of all who have feen ihe royal collection at Kew, which he has the honour to luperintend.

The Aitonia is a native of the Cape, and was introduced bX Mr. MAS SON, in the year 1774.. ^s a green-houfe Ihrub of flow growth, feldom exceed ing three feet in height ; producing, when of fufficient age, lowers and fruit through moft of the year ; the fruit is a large dry angular berry, of a fine red colour. n P drawin§ was made from a very fine plant, formerly Jr- *OTHERGILL'S, now in the colleaion of Meffrs. GRIM- ^' ? and Co. Kenfington.

8 -00^ to be raifed from feeds» wnich are m this country.

Mr. A, was a pupil of the celebrated Mr. MILLER.

WCurtit- SfCcorr7c.r i (/. i'

'<+

,™, by WCurli.r Sêo

C 174 3BUDDLEA GLOBOSA. ROUND-HEADED

BUDDLEA.

Clafs and Order. TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

Generic Character. ,Col. 4-fidus. Cor. 4-fida. Stamina ex incifuris. Caff. 2-fulca, 2-locularis, polyfperma.

Specific Character and Synonyms.BUDDLEA glolofa foliis lanceolatis, capitulis folitariis. Ait-

Hart. Kew. p. 1 50. V. i .

BUDLEJA glolofa. Hope in Aft. Harlemt V. 20. fart. 2 . />. 417. /. n .

PALQUIN Feuil. it. 3 . />. 51. t. 38.

Mr. ADAM BUDDLE, in honour of whom the prefent genus has been originally named by Dr. HOUSTON, was an ingeni ous Englifh Botanift, cotemporary with, and the friend of PETIVER ; his name is often mentioned in the Synopjis of Mr. RAY and his Hortus Siccus, or dried colleftion of Britifh plants, preferved in the Britifh Mufeum, ftill reforted to in doubtful cafes.

The prefent fpecies not enumerated either by LINNAEUS or MILLER, is a native of Chili, and according to the Hart. Kew. .was introduced by Meffrs. KENNEDY and LEE, in 1774.

It has been cuftomary, in confideration of its native place ot growth, to treat it here as a green-houfe plant, for which utuation it foon becomes unfit from its magnitude; fome have ventured to plant it in the open borders in warm flickered wtuations, where it has been found to fucceed very well, pro- cucing us beautiful yellow bloffoms in abundance ; care muft

< : taken, however, to guard it carefully from fevere frofts, *hichic are apt to deftroy it.amU rs in M

Un8s or layers.and and is propagated by

t 175 ]KALMIA LATIFOLIA, BROAD-LEAV'D

KALMIA.

Clafs and Order.

DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

Generic Charafler.

Calyx 5-partitus. Cor. hypocrateriformis: limbo fubtus quin-

quecorni. Capf. 5 -locularis.

Specific OoaracJet and Synonyms.

KALMIA latifolia foliis ovato-ellipticis ternis fparfifque, co-

rymbis terminalibus. Linn. Syft. Vegetab. p. 64*

ed. 1 4. Murr. Ait. Ifort. Kew. V. 2 . p. 64.

ANDROMEDA foliis ovatis obtufis, corollis corymbofis

infundibuliformis, genitalibus declinatis.

Fl. Virg. 1 60. CHAM.EDAPHNE foliis tini, floribus bullatis. Catcjb. ||

Car. 1 1. /. 98. CISTUS chameerhododendros Mariana laurifolia,. floribus

expanfis, fummo ramulo in umbellam pluritnis, |

Pluck, mant. 49. t. 379. f. 6 . The common Laurel,

vulgarly called Ivy.

Profeflbr K.ALM (in honour of whom LINNAEUS, as before

has been obferved, named this genus of plants) in his travels

into North-America, publifhed in Englilh by Mr. FORSTER,

relates that he found this fpecies in various provinces of tbat

extenfive continent, as Penfylvania, New-Jerfey, and Nev?-

York, growing moft commonly on the fides of hills, foffie-

times in woods; that it flourifhed moft on the northern

fides of the hills, efpecially where they were interfered b

rivulets; he obferves, that when all the other trees had loi'

their ornaments, this enlivened tfee woods by the verdure

its foliage, and that about the month of May, it was covere

with a profufion of bloflbms of unrivalled beauty.

I

I 176«•

CYTISUS LABURNUM. COMMON LABURNUM,

Oafs and Order. DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA.

Generic Character. Cal. 2 -labiatus : |. Legumen bafi attenuatum.

Specific CharatJer and Synonyms. •CYTISUS Laburnum racemis fimplicibus pendulis, foliolis

ovato-oblongis. Linn. Syfl. Veg. p. 666. ed. 1 4. Murr. Ait. Hort. Kew. V. 3 . p . 49.

LABURNUM arbor trifolia anagyridi fimilis. Bauh. hifl. z.p. 361.

LABURNUM. Beane Trefoile. Park. Farad, p. 4 38.

Of the Laburnum, our nurferies afford two principal va rieties, the broad and narrow-leav'd ; the latter (which is the one here figured) Mr. MILLER was induced to make a fpecies of under the name of alpinum s i t certainly differs very ma terially from the broad-leav'd one, yet is molt probably only a feminal variety ; the Laburnum figured in its wild ftate by Profeflbr JACQUIN, in his Flora Aujiriacat has much broader leaves than ours, no mention is made by him of its being fubjeft to vary.

Both MILLER and HANBURY recommend the Laburnum to be cultivated not only as an ornamental but as a timber tree, the wood having a very clofe grain, a good colour, and bearing a high polifh ; * they urge in its favour, that it is very hardy, a quick grower, and one that will thrive in almolt any foil; the latter fays, it will become a timber tree of more than a yard in girt: whatever fuccefs may attend its cultiva tion for the more ufeful purpofes, as a hardy, deciduous, ornamental tree, it has long been the pride of our fhrubberies and plantations.

It blofibms in May, and is ufually very productive of feeds, by which it may be propagated moft readily.

Hares and rabbits being fond of its bark, do great damage to plantations of Laburnum, efpecially in fevere weather ; I remember fomewhere to have read, that thefe animals will not touch a tree if foot has been placed about it; perhaps, a circle drawn round the'bafe of the tree with the new coal t;*, which has a powerful fmell of long duration, might keep off thefe noxious animals.

* MATTHIOLXJS long fince noticed the excellence of this wood, and fpeaks of it as being particularly ufed for making the beft kind of bows ; are our mo dern Toxopholites acquainted with this circuijiftance ?

I

I1

: w

Fuf,Decr/ /

The Profeflbr daes not mention the precife height which . |,a(] obferved thefe trees to attain in North-America, but . - 5 cYjdent that they acquire a confiderable thicknefs, as the ifood of the root as well as the body of the tree is manu- fjftured into various utenfils by the natives, and by the lidians into fpoons in particular, whence it has obtained the name of the Spoon Tree.

The leaves have been found to prove poifonous to kine, horfes, and Iheep, but the deer are obferved to broufe on them with impunity.

PETER COLLINSON, Efq. who was highly inftrumental in enriching this country with the native plants of North- America, is faid_to have introduced this elegant fpecies ibout the year 1734.

With us it fucceeds beft when planted with a northern sfpeft, well Iheltered, in a foil compofed of loam and bog ruth, in a fituation moderately moift, where the air is per- Icftly pure.

Being with difficulty propagated by fuckers or layers, it is moft commonly raifed from American feeds.

N-SPN^sg^X.,.*^^

C J77 ] KALMIA GLAUCA. GLAUCOUS KALMIA.

Specific Charatler and Synonyms.glauca fbliis oppofitis oblongis Isevigatis, fubtus glaucis, margine revolutis, corymbis terminalibus, ramulis ancipitibus. Ait. Horf.Kew. V.z. p. 64. tab. 8 .

this fpecies (much inferior in fize to the latifolia, (as it I !3 exceeds two feet in height) is a native of Newfound- ^ where it was difcovered by Sir JOSEPH BANKS, Bart. " by him introduced to this country in the year 1767.

. 1SC* Co«rfe not defcribed by Mr. MILLER, nor is it * the *4th edition of LINNOUS'S Syfl. Vegetal, by MURRAY; in the Hort. Ketv. of Mr. AITON, it is

cnbed and figured.'" ^r^ anc^ May> is propagated in the fame requires the fame treatment as the latifolia.

.lllmîiji-i-arilrTTI . i - tlt)[

[ 178 ]

HYPERICUM CORIS. HEAT H-LEAV'D

ST. JOHN'S-WORT.

Clafs and Order.

POLYADELPHIA PoLYANDRIA.

Generic Character.

g-phyllus. Petala 5. Neft. Q. Capfula*

Specific Charafier and Synonyms.

HYPERICUM Con's florib'us trigynis, calycibus ferrate-

glandulofis, foliis fubverticillatis. Lim. Syft. Feget. ed. 14. Murr. f. 702.

CORIS lutea. Bauh, pin. 280.

CORIS legitima, Ericae fimilis. Hon. Belli, ef. i .

Chif. op. V. \. p. 2599.

CORIS. Mattbioli 939. .

There is an elegance and neatnefs in moft of this tribe, a*1

none poffefs thofe qualities in a greater degree than the ]

fent fpecies, which is a charming little evergreen, admin

adapted for the greenhoufe, as it, forms a pretty bulb,

Bowers during moft of the fummer.It grows fpontaneoufly in the South of Europe,

jparts of the Levant; HONORIUS BELLUS, in his ePllt1̂

"CLUSIUS (vid. Cluf. op.) defcribes it as growing on the I.

parts of the ifland of Crete.Mr. LEE, of Hammerfmith, received it aboutfour !

Tince from the Crimea.It is propagated by cuttings.

I

I

I

FUMARIA GLAUCA. GLAUCOUS FUMITORY.

Oafs and Order.

DIADELPHIA HEJCANDRIA.

Generic Character.

Cal. diphyllus. Cor. ringens. Filamenta 2, membranacea, fingula Antheris 3 .

Specific Character and Synonyms.FUMARIA fempervirens filiquis linearibus paniculatis, caule

ere&o. Linn. Sp. PI. V. 2. p. 984. Syft. Vegctab. ed. 14. Murr. p. 837. Ait. Hort. Ke-w. V. 3 . p . 2. Baftard Fumitory. Mill. Ditt. ed. 6 . 4/0.

FUMARIA filiquofa fempervirens. Corn. Canad. 57. /. 57.

The term fempervirens applied to this plant by LINNAEUS, originated in the defcription given of it by CORNUTUS; (vid. Syn.} jthe impropriety of calling an annual plant (for fuch it undoubtedly is with us, and muft be in Canada, its native plaice of growth) an evergreen, has appeared to us too glaring to be continued; we have thought the promo tion of the fcience required a change in the name, and have therefore altered it to that of glanca, as coinciding with the Englifh name of glaucous, given it by Mr. AITON in his Horttis Kewenjis; for to the delicate, pleafing, glaucous hue of its foliage, it owes its beauty, as much as to the lively colours of its bloflbms.

It is a hardy annual, coming up fpontaneoufly in the open border where it has once flowered and feeded, and fometime5 reaching the height of two feet.

It flowers from June to September.Mr. AITON informs us of its having been cultivated by

Mr. JAMES SUTHERLAND in the year 1683. Strange! thM it fhould yet be a rarity in our gardens.

[ i8o ]

AZALEA NUDIFLORA var. C OCCINEA. SCARLET AZALEA.

Clajs and Order. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

Generic CharatJer. (ir.campanulata.^tow/K^receptaculoinferta. CapJ. i -locularis.

Specific CharatJer and Synonyms.AZALEA nudiflora foliis ovatis, corollis pilofis, ftaminibus

longiffimis. Linn. Syft. Vegetal, ed. 14. Murr. p. 198. Ait. Hort. Kew. V. i. p. 202.

CISTUS virginiana, periclymeni flore ampliori minus odorato. Pluck. Mant. 49.

Whether the variety of the Azalea nudiflora here figured, vat originally introduced to this country by Mrs. NORMAN of Bromley" in Kent, or Mr. BEWICK of Clapham in Surrey (both celebrated for their collections of American plants] we cannot with certainty afiert; true it is, the Azalea iaci;u:a was little known here till the fale of Mr. BEWICK'S nu in 17402; a confiderable number of thefe drubs formed. ^hoiceft part of that collection, and fold at high prices,

of them produced twenty guineas: prior to this period, Mr. BEWICK hadprefented one of the fam'e fort of drubs to Mr. FHOBURN, the fruits of whofe (kill and afliduous care in1 cultivation of American plants are apparent in his late 'UtKry at Brompton, now Mr. WHITLEY'S, and from the prod,, Ce of which plant our figure was taken.

he original fpecies, found abundantly in the more fouthernt P*r's uF North*America, was introduced, according to Mr. , * IT««us account, by PETER COLUNSON, Efq. about the

,Jri( | . cy f colour and a happy combination of form, '" rendering the variety here figured, one of the moft plants in nature : yet it wants the fragrance pf.fome rs

June and continues in bloflbm about three r' d retjuires a flickered but not too dady a fituation,/ Ulan moifL and a foil rr>mnr>rpri nf Innm and hop". and a foil compofed of loam and bog ^rotten leaves.

' Ual mode of propagating it is by layers; care muft 11 not to remove the offspring too foon from the mother

THE

BOTANICAL MAGAZINE;O. R,

Flower-Garden Difplayed:IN WHICH

The moft Ornamental FOREIGN PLANTS, cultivated in the

Open Ground, the Green-Houfe, and the Stove, are ac

curately reprefented in their natural Colours,

TO WHICH ARE ADDED,

Their Names, Clafs, Order, Generic and Specific Characters, according

to the celebrated LINNÛS ; their Places of Growth, and

Times of Flowering:

TOGETHER WITH

THE MOST APPROVED METHODS OF CULTURE.

A WORKIntended for the Ufe of fuch LADIES, GEKTLEMEK, and GARDENERS, as

wiih to become fcientifically acquainted with the Plants they cultivate.

By W ILLIAM C U R T I S,Author of the F LORA LONDINENSIS.

VOL. VI.

Tor'"

Iu;'. O h.,; (Hi, ; AUJ

Mrciv

" nor thou difdain-V *Se lawlefs riot of the trees,

e grove, or turn the barren mould.•-' whom, when his years decline,

11** and his fame by worthy means '"" qual to his moderate mind;

v'd by all the wife and good, 1 v the vain) the peaceful groves

" fiom thisftormy world, ' r r 'l; of all ungrateful cares

V,, ,ir.d fatred from the felfift crowd.* " L !ncnl if the fame foil invites

cii few, companions of his youth,

e Once fellow-rakes perhaps now rural friends ;

* With whom in eafy commerce to purfue

* Nature's free charms, and vie for Sylvan fame

A fair ambition ; voidofftrife» or guile,

Orjealoufy, or pain to be outdone.

Who plans th* enchanted garden, who directs

The vifto befi, andbeft conduSs the flream ;

Whofe groves the faftefi thicken, and afcend ;

Whom firfi the welcome fpring falutes ; who ftew^

* The earlieft bloom, the fweeteR proudefi charms l

Of Flora ; who befi gives Pomona's/juice

To match the fpuightly genius of Champain."ARMSTRONG,

LONDON:

PRINTED BY STEPHEN COUCHMAN,

« W. CURT IS, N 3, St. George's-Crefcent, Black-Friars-Road;

And Sold by the principal Bookfellers in Great-Britain and Ireland.

M DCC XCIII.

[ 181 ]COLUTEA FRUTESCENS. SCARLET BLADDE?-

SENNA.

Clafs and . Order. DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA*

Generic Character. Col. 5-fidus. Legumen inflatum, bafi fuperiofe dehifcens.

Specific Charafler and Synonyms.

COLUTEA friitefcem fruticofa, foliolis ovato-oblongis. tii.<- Syft.' Vegetal, ed. 1 4. Mam p . 668. Ait. H Kew. V. 3 . p . 56. Mill, Icon. 99.

COLUTEA sethiopica, flore purpureo. Breyn. Cent. 70. /. 29.

Of the feveral fpecies of Colutea cultivated in our the one here figured, is diftinguifhed by the brilliancy of flowers, the largenefs of its pods, and the downy appearan.r of the under fide of its leaves.

It appears from the Horius Kewenjis to have been cultiv«u-J by Mr. JAMES SUTHERLAND as long fince as the year i« fl i. it was not however generally introduced to our gardens! the time of MILLER, who figured it in his Icones, it was; underflood to be an Ethiopian plant; Mr. AITON fince ( fcribes it as a native of the Cape alfo; of courfe, we find :1 more tender than moft of its kindred, and hence it is ufuaU/ regarded as a greenhoufe plant; yet, as it is not deftroyed D a fmall degree of froft, it will frequently, like the myj furvive a mild winter in the open border, efpecially if tra to a wall: it is rarely of more than two or three duration. j

I (.is readily raifed from feeds fown in the open gro«n* plants from which flower the Auguft following, and, in vourable feafons, ripen their feeds; in order, however, they may ripen them with more certainty, MILLER, rec mends the fowing them early on a gentle hot-bed.

A dry foil fuits this fpecies beft.

'I ini|

t 182 ]SALVIA AUREA. GOLDEN SAGE*

Oafs And Order. DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

Generic Character. Or. inzequalis. Filamenta tfanfverfe pedicello affixa*

Specific Character and Synonyms.SALVIA aurea foliis fubrotundis integerrimis, bafi truncatis

dentatis. Linn. Syfl. Vtget. ed. 1 4. Murr. p. y ii Ait. Hart. Kew. V. i . p. 45.

SALVIA Africana frutefcens folio fubrotundo glauco, floremagno aureo. Comni. Hort. 2 . 183. t. 92.

_ __ ____________ - 'Such as are delighted with the fingular rather than the

beautiful appearances of plants, cannot fail of ranking the prefent fpecies of fage among their favourites.

It has been called aurea, from the colour of its flowers, fermginea would perhaps have been more expreffive of them ; when they firft open indeed they are of a yellow colour, but ihey quickly and conftantly become of the colour of rufty iron.

The leaves are nearly yround, and have a pleafing filvery hue ; a few of them only, and thofe chiefly at the extremities of the young Ihoots, are of the form defcribed by LINNAEUS in his fpecific character of the plant, and hence COMMELIN'S description (vid. Syn,} is to be preferred, as leading us with more certainty to a knowledge of the plant ; the colour of the leaves, t<he colour and unufual magnitude of the bloflbmSj are indifputably the moft ftriking features of the fpecies, and therefore to be reforted to : for my own part, as a friend to the advancement of the fcience, rather than as the follower of this or that great man, I fee no good reafon why colour Inould not in many inftances, efpecially where expreffive characters are wanting, form a part of the fpecific character in plants, as well as in animals : we are told indeed of its jnconftancy. I would afk who ever faw the colour of the »:aves or blofibms of the prefent plant to vary ? and, on the contrary, who ever faw its leaves conftant in their form ?

The Sahia aurea is a native of the Cape, and was culti vated by Mr. MILLER in 1731, it is a hardy greenhoufe P ant, is readily propagated by cuttings, and flowers from Way to November.

If fuffered to grow, it will become a fhrub of the height ffix orfevenfeet.

SYRINGA VULGARIS. COMMON LILAC,

PuSty WC .%.

Clajs and Order.DlANDRIA MONOGYNIA,

Generic Character. 'Cor. 4-fida. Capfula bilocularis.

Specific Character and Synonyms,SYRINGA vulgaris foliis ovato-cordatis integris. Linn. Syft.

Vfget. ed. 14. Murr. p. 57. Ait. Hort, Kew. V. \.?- * 5-

SYRINGA cserulea, Bauh. Pin. 398,LILAC five Syringa cserulea.The blew Pipe tree. Park. Parad. j>. 407.

Few fhrubs are better known in this country than the Lilac*

few more univerfally cultivated ; there is fcarcely a cottage ii

does not enliven, or a (hrubbery it does not beautify.

It has long had a place in our gardens ; both GERARD anc

PAR KIN SON defcribe two forts, the blue and the white ; tc

thefe another fort is added by more modern writers, fuperioi

in beauty to the original, as producing larger bunches oi

flowers, of a brighter hue, having more of the purple tint

and hence called by fome the purple Lilac, MILLER con-

fiders the three as different fpecies.The flowers of the Lilac poflefs a confiderable degree o.

fragrance, but not of the moft agreeable kind ; our readers

perhaps, will not be difpleafed to hear the opinion of olc

GERARD on this point, delivered in his own words : " Thej

" have a pleafant fweete fmell, but in my judgement thej

" are too fweete, troubling and molefting the head in very

,* ftrange manner : 1 once gathered the flowers, and laid them

" in my chamber window, which fmelled more ftrongly aftej

" they had lien together a few bowers, with fuch a pontickc

" and unacquainted favor, that they awaked me from fleepe.

" fo that I could not take any reft until I had caft them oui

*c of my chamber." -«.-Though a native of Perfia^ it bears our fevered winters

without injury, has a pleafing appearance when in bud, flowers

in May, and is readily propagated by fuckers ; but finei

plants, in the opinion of MILLER, are raifed from feeds.

It will grow in almoft any foil or fituation, even in London.

"Ut, to flower well, it mult have a pure 'air.

* The name, indeed, of one of our colours is taken from its blofibras.

" ixi

I

">*2",

'»::i|__U_UU

C 184 3JXIA CROCATA. SAFFRON-COLOUR'D

f

Order.


Generic Character.

Cor. 6-partita, campanulata, regularis. ' Stigmata 3.

•

Specific CharacJer and Synonyms'.

1XIA crocata foliis enfiformibus, floribus fecundis corcli

bafi hyalino-feneftratis. tfhunb. Diff. de Ixia. I 'Syft. Feg. ed. 1 4. Murr. p. 85.

JXIA crocata foliis enfiformibus, floribus alternis, tube 1

gitudine braftearum, corollae laminis ovatis inte.

rimis bafi hyalinis. Ait. Hurt. Kew. p. 60. V. i .

JXIA planifolia, caule multifloro fpatha breviffima. l ><-Ic. 1 69. /. 239. f. 2 ,

To the Cape of Good Hope, that never-failing foui:c

rare and beautiful plants, we are indebted for rnoft oi '

Ixias, and among others for the prefent fpecies, which lb<V

not of that value, nor pofleffing the delicacy or fragrawf

the bloflbms of fome others, is a very deferable plant,''

only as an obj eft of curiofity, from the tranfparency ol ^

bafe of the corolla, but as it adds much to the brilliant

a collection, is eafily obtained, and as eafily propagated- ^

It flowers in May and June, but its flowering tn3 '

prolonged by putting its biMbs into pots at different [

or accelerated by artificial heat. t Ît prqduces offsets more plentifully than many

genus. M'tt'1

Mr. AITO N informs us that it was cultivated by Mr. *

in 1758, who figures it in his Icones.

C 185 }

CORONILLA VALENTINA. RUE-LEAVEDCORONILLA.

Clqfs and Order. DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA.

Generic Character.Cal. 2-labiatus: \: dentibus fuperioribus connatis. Vexiilm

vix alls longius. Legumen ifthmis interceptum.

Specific" CharaRer and Synonyms.

CORONILLA valentina fruticofa, foliolis fubnovenis, f.i-

pulis fuborbiculatis. Linn. Syfi. Vegetal. < -,;'.

14. Murr. p. 669. Ait. Hort. Kew. V. 3 . p. 58,

POLYG ALA valentina. Cluf. hift. pi. rar. p. 98. j%. inf.

The Coronilla valentina comes very near to the glauca already

figured in this work, bm may be diftinguifbed by a little at

tention ; the valentina has {mailer leaves, which are more n

merous, and more truly glaucous; the ftipulse, which in ti

glauca. are (mall, narrow, and pointed, in the valentina are

large, and almoft round, and in the young plant are ftrikingly

confpicuous; as the plant comes into flower, they drop off;

the valentina is not fo much difpofed to flower the year through

as" the glauca, but produces its bloffoms chiefly in May, June,

and July; the flowers of the glauca are obferved to fmell

more ftrongly in the day-time, thofe of the valentina at all

times diffufe a very powerful odour, fo as even to fcentafinaU

greenhoufe; we have often been amufed with hearing the it-

ferent opinions entertained of this fmell, fome fpeaking of '

in terms of rapture, others r-eady to faint when they approav

it: the flowers of the valentina are more difpofed to produce

feed-veffels than thofe of the glauca, the feeds of which ufual!'-'

ripen well, and afford the means of increafing the plant m

readily. To have a fucceffioh of fmall handfome bufhy plan̂

for the greenhoufe, the old ones muft either be frequently

cut down, or young ones raifed from feed, or cuttings,

Hems as they grow up becoming naked at bottom. ,

It is a hardy greenho'ufe plant, and may be kept well enoug

through the winter in a common hot-bed frame, or pla"1^

againft a fouth wall, and matted as myrtles ufually '"re

fuch fituations; we have known the glauca, treated in this '.'

prove a charming ornament.

It is a native of Spain, growing, as CLUSIUS inf01"^ '

by road-fides, in fandy places, and on the declivities ot ,

Cultivated here in 1656, by J. TRABESCANT, jun. "

I

186SI.LAGO OVATA* OVAL-HEADED SELAGO*

Clafs and Order.

DIDYNAMIA ANGIOSPERMIA.

Generic Character.

G/. K-fidus. Cor. tubus capillaris j limbus fubsequalis, Sem. t.

/. ^

Specific CbaracJer and Synonyms.

SELAGO ovata fpicis ftrobilinis oyatis terminalibus, foliis

fparfis Hnearibus, caule fruticofo. L'Herit. Stirp.

nov. lorn. 2 . /. 33. Ait. Hort. Kew. V. z. p. 355,

LIPPIA ovata capitulis ovatis, foliis linearibus integerrimis.

Linn. Mant. p. 89,

LINNAEUS in his Manlijfa has famewhat largely defcribed

ihis plant under the name of Lippia o-vata^ evidently from a

dried fpecimen, which may account for the flowers being

defcribed of a dark violet colour; he recommends it to fuch

as might have an opportunity of feeing the living plant, to

(ibfeive if it was not referable to fome other genus; accord

ingly Monf. L/HERITIER, who, when lately in England, faw

U in flower in the royal gard.cn at Kew, joined it to the

genus Selago, retaining the trivial name of ovata, braElceata

would perhaps have been a better name ; for though its ovate

i"florefcence may be peculiar to the fpecies, its braftese or

Ibral leaves are fo very fingular that they conftitute the moft

prominent feature of the plant.Mr. AITON informs us, that it was introduced to the royal

virden at Kew, from the Cape, by Mr. MASSON, in 1774.

It recommends itfelf not fo much on account of its beauty,

**of the curious ftrufture of its flowering fpikes, and the

fragrance of its bloffoms.It is a greenhoufe plant, and flowers during moft of the

lummer; its bloffoms are white with a vellow fpot on the two

uPpermoft, and fometimes on all the fegments of the corolla^

and an orange fpot at the mouth of the tube.

*s propagated by cuttings.

C 187 ]IRIS SAMBUCINA. ELDER-SCENTED IRIS.

Clafs and Order.


Generic CharaEler.

Cor. 6-petala, insequalis, petalis alternis geniculato-patentibus.

Stigmata petaliformia cucullato-bilabiata. Thunb. Diff. de Iride.


IRIS Jambucina barbata, foliis enfiformibus glabris erefti

brevioribus fcapo multifloro, petalis deflexis ^)lan

Linn. Syft. Vegetal, ed. 1 4. Murr. Thunl. loc. cit. ». 10

Ait. Hort. Keiv. v. i . p. 69.IRIS latifolia germanica, fambuci odore. Bauh. Pin. 3 1.

IRIS Camerarii five purpurea verficolor major. Thegreate*

variable coloured purple Flower-de-Luce. Park. P p. 1 81.

This fpecies of Iris, faid to be a native of the South _

Europe, derives its name from the imell of its flowers, wwd» \

very much refembles that of elder in bloom.It is one of the talleft and handfomeft of the genus, i

rich moift foil acquiring the height of three feet or more; »

is therefore more proper for the fhrubbery than the flow'

garden. .It flowers about the latter end of May, and is readily w

creafed by parting its roots in autumn.The Iris of PARKINSON, referred to in the fynonyt«s> ^

cords fo exactly with our plant, in every circumârC u,Jt u

fmell, which is not mentioned, that we have no doubt

was cultivated in our gardens in his time.

[ i88 ]

CONVOLVULUS NIL. AZURE CONVOLVULUS.^ __..__.__.. -I. .1. .1. .!. J. A AL. «8s..i!_«!4..SSi


Generic CharaEier.Cor. carcpanulata, plicatau Stigmata*. Caff, a -loculam :

loculis difpermis. Spm^ Charafter and Synonyms. .

roNVOLVULUS JViY foliis cordatis trilobis, corolhs iemi- COW quinquefidis, pedunculis petiola bre-

vioribus. Linn.Syft. Veg.ed. 14. M«rr. ;>. 209. AY- Hort. Xtjro. w. i. /». 209.

CONVOLVULUS cjeruleus hederaceo angulofo folio. Eaiih. Pin. f. 2 95.

B.ew Bindweed. C«r. HW. ?-715. CKW /. ,

CONVOLVULUS trifolius five hederaceus purpureus. i ne greater purple Bindeweede or Bell- flower with cornered leaves, rark.Parad. PI. - 2 -

" All our writers, on exotic botany treat of this , plant, GERARD, one of the firft, gives us the following account " This beautiful Bindweed, which we caU Qm^h^ G^j- « !eus, is called of the Arabians ^7: of Serapio, Oat alml " about Alepo and Tripolis in Syria, the inhabitants call it " Hafmifen,L I talians Camfana azurea, of the beautifullazured " flowers, and alfo Fior diwtte, bicaufe his beauue appeereth " moft in the night :" he informs us, that it grew in his garden Wt periled before it ripened its feeds. P^K1NS ^1^' it thrives remarkably well in our country, if the year be any thing kindly: MILLER informs us, that it is a native ot Atnca and America, extols it as one of the moft beautiful of the genus . obferves, that it is a very diftina fpecies frorn he furpurea, of which it has been confidered by fome as a variety 'hat it will grow to the height of eight or ten feet, that in ^curable feafons the feeds will ripen in the open air, ana '-hat it requires the fame treatment as other annuals ulually raifed on a hot-bed. Mr. AITON confiders it as aftove plant, as indeed moft of our tender annuals properly are.

It flowers from July to September. ' . Though apparently common in our gardens formerly, it is

now very rarely met with,

f-Ut,

CERICA GRANDIFLORA. GREAT-FLOWERED

HEATH.

Qafs and Order, OCTANDRIA MONOCYNIA.

Generic Cbarafltr.

Cat, 4 -phyllqs. Cor. 4-fida. Filamenta receptaculo inferta, Anthera bifida?. Cuff. 4-locularis.

Specific Charter and Synonyms.ERICA grattdificm arithcris tnuticis exfertis, corollis cylindra^

ceis fubincurvis glabris, ftylo elongate, floribus axillaribus pedunculatis, foliis fubfenis acerofis glabris. Ait. Hcrt. Kew. vol. a . p. 85.

ERICA grandiflcra foliis quaternis, ftylo exferto, corolla cy% lindrica, calyce limplici, floribus lateralibus fub- cqrvati?. Linn. Suffl. PI. p. 223.

The Erica here figured, is one of the many new and beau tiful fpeqies, which within thefe few years have been fent from the Cape by Mr. MASSON, and which have contributed fa greatly to enrich the royal garden at Kew.

The defcription given of the grandiflora in the Suppl. Plant.accords fo ill with our plant, that we fhould be led to con-fider it as another fpecies, did not the refpeftable authorityof the Hortus Kewenjis Clence all doubts on that head.

^ The bloflbms of this fpecies, whether we regard their^nkude, their colour^ their fmooth and glofly furface, or the tegular pofition of the filaments, projecting beyond the co rolla, and doling together by the anthers, excite our notice, 3nd claim our admiration.

Like every other heath, the hardy ones excepted, it is a greenhoufe plant, and flowers from May to July.

Our drawing was made from a plant finely blown, in the -noice colleaion of JAMES VERB, Efq. Kenfington-Gore.

C 190 ]ORNITHOGALUM AUREUM. GOLDEN

ORNITHOGALUM.

Clafs and Order. HEXANDRIA MONOGYNJA.

Generic Character.Cor. 6-petala, ereQa, perfiftens, fupra medium patens. Fila-

menta alterna bafi dilatata.

Specific Character and Synonyms.ORNITHOGALUM aureurn foliis ovato-Ianceolatis, albo-

marginatis, floribus racemofis con- fertis, filamentis neclario emarginato infidentibus.

We have beftowed on this plant the name of aurcum, from . the colour of its bloffoms, which are ufually of a bright orange or gold colour; in fome fpecimens we have obferved them of a paler hue, and confequently lefs beautiful.

This highly ornamental fpecies is of modern introduction, having been received by MefT. LEE and KENNEDY, a few years fince from the Cape, of which it is a native. .

The root is a whitifh bulb, refembling in fize and fhape that of the Lachenalia tricolor, figured on plate 82 of this work, from whence fpring three or four fmooth, ibmewhat flefhy, upright, dark-green leaves, about half an inch wide, and three or four inches long, edged with white, and, if magnified, appearing fringed with very fine hairs or villi ; the ftalk is naked, from eight to twelve inches high, fupporting many flowers, which fpring from the alse of large, hollow, pointed bracleEe, and which opening one after another, keep the plant a confiderable time in flower ; according to LINNÊUS'S ge neric character, every other filament mould be dilated at the bafe, in the prefent fpecies each filament is fo, or rather fits as it were on a white glandular neftary, emarginated on the infide, and highly deferving of notice.

In the greenhoufe, where this plant has hitherto been kept, its blofToms come forth as early as January and February, and continue for feveral months; they will long difplay their beauty, if the ftem be cut off and put in a phial of water.

It is propagated by offsets from its bulbs, and has the appear ance of being a plant of kindly growth and eafy management.

H

^H1

E

PRIMULA MARGINATA. SILVER EDGED PRIMULA.

PRIMULA


Generic Character.

Specific Character and.Synonyms.. marginata foliis obovatis ferrato-dentatis albb marginatis, fcapo multifloro, involucri foliolis pedunculis brevioribus.

There is no difficulty in determining the Britifh plants oi this genus, but much in afcertaining many of the foreign ones: Profefior JACQUIN has taken great pains to elucidate them in his Mtfcel. Auftr. w here fifteen are fpecifically defcribed, none of which accord exaftly with the plant here figured, which has every appearance of being a diflincl: fpecies : in the Hortus Keivcnfis i t is defcribed as the glutinofa o f the Flora Auftriacst . with which it agrees in many refpecls, .but fpecimens fent from Vienna (hew it to be a different plant; in its farinaeeous ten dency it accords with the. Primula Auricula, but is very unlike that plant as it is figured in its wild ftate by Prof. JACOUIN, in the FL AujJr-. the leaves being much narrower, the flowers- larger, and of a different colour; it differs from glutinofa in the fhortnefs of its involucrum, from villofa (already figured) in having leaves much narrower, perfectly fmooth in refpeft to villi, and in the colour of its' blofibmSj which approach that of the Lilac, but more efpecially in its difpofition to become mealy, particularly on the edges of its leaves, between the ferratures, where it is fo ftrong as to make the leaf appear with a white or filvery edge; as this character is conftant toU, and not to any other fpecies of Primula that we are acquainted with, we have given to it the name of marginata.

Mr. LEE received it from the Alps in the year 1781, and it has continued in our gardens ever fince unaltered by culture.

It is a very delicate pretty plant, with a pleafing.mufky ft"6"1 and flowers in March and April. To fucceed in its cultivation, it mould be placed in a pot of ftiffifh loam, mixed with one- third rotten leaves, bog earth, or dung, and plunged in a nor border, taking care that it does not fuffer for want of watei i dry feafons; thus treated, it increafes by its roots ne . ^ readily as the Auricula, and may be propagated-by parting roots early in April or September.

: <*>•

C 192- IUM ACAULE.. TWO-LEAVED-

LADY'S SLIPPER.

Clafs and Order.

GYNANDRIA DIANDRIA,

Generic Character..

Neftariiam ventricofum, inflatum, cavurau

Specific Characler and Synonyms.

uYPRIPEDIUM acaule radicibus fibrofis, foliis oblongis radicalibus. Ait. Hort. Kew. V. 3 . p . 303.

HELLEBORINE Calceolus difia, mariana, foliis binis e radice ex adverfo prodeuntibus, flore purpureo P.luk. Mant. i oii /. 418. /. i*

CYPRIPEDIUM humile- Corollalabiofuperiorerhomboideo acuminato lateribus deflexo fubtus carina. anguftiffima obtufa, inferiore petalis longiore antice, fiflb. TranfaS. Linn. See. V. i.p. 76. t. 3./. 4.

'A'e have not-figured the prefent fpecies of Cypripedium? lo much on account of its beauty as of its rarity, for it is far Itfs handfome than any of the other fpecies that we are ac- 4'iumted with.

ItisanativeofdifFerentparts of North-America, and flowers*nh us in May.

Thtrfe is little difficulty in diftinguifhing it from the other foreign fpecies,.it has rarely more than two radical leaves, a*£iy Oiort flowering.ftem compared with the others, a large

nectary in proportion to its fize, which in the fpecimens we wvefeen has been divided on its upper part, through its whole "'^h, fo as in fa£l to deftroy in a great degree that (hoe or 'Pper-like form, from which this genus has taken its name.

Like the reft of the family, it requires a little extraordinary^rem its culture; its roots fhould be placed in a pot filled

'"> loam and bog-earth, or rotten leaves, well mixed, andÛnged in a north border, where in fevere feafons it will be

r||Per to {belter it ; if the whole border be formed of the fame'' r comppft, the pot will be lefs neceflary

Ur drawing was made from a plant growing with Meffrs.!MW OD and Co. Kenfmgton.

111

C 193 ]NARCISSUS ANGUSTIFOLIUS. NARROW-

LEAVED NARCISSUS.

Oafs and Order. HFXANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

Generic Character.Pttala 6 sequalia. NeEJarlo infundibuliformi,

Stamina intra neftarium.l-phyllo.

Specific Cbaraffer and Synonyms..VARCI'SSUS poeticus fpatha uniflora, neftario rotate bre-

viffimo fcariofo crenulato. Linn. Syfl. Vegetalêd. 14. Murr. p. 3 17. Sp. Pi. ed. 3 . p. 4 14.

NARCISSUS uniflorus, foliis enfiformibus, fcypho brevif-fimo. Hall. Hi ft. n. 1 250.

NARCISSUS albus circulo purpureo. Batib. Pin. p. 48.Magnol. Bot. Monfp. p. 1 81.

NARCISSUS poeticus medio purpureus. Lob. NARCISSUS medio purpureus. Dod. Pempt. p. 2 23. f. i. NARCISSUS medio purpureus prascox. Timely purple

ringed Daffodil. Ger. Herb. p. 1 08. /. 2.alfo prtecocior, fig. 3 . and pr<ecociffimust fig. 4 .

ARCISSUS medio purpureus prsecox. .The early purpleringed Daffodil. Park. Parad. p. 76. t. 75./• 3-

NARCISSUS latifol. claffis altera, lin. 7. alterum vero, £c.Cluf. Hi/I. PI. rar. lib. 2 . p . 1 56.

_ Under the name of poeticus three different fpecies of VTr-IIua, to us appearing perfeftly diftinft (though fimilar '' nuny refpefts) and regarded as fuch by the old Botanifts,*>c been confounded by the moderns, viz.^ttciffus albus circulo purpureo, v et vL......."|* arciffui albus magno odoro flore circulo pallido, IC. Bauh.

^ciffus pallidus circulo luteo .................jNarciffus medio purpureus preecox,———"j•ârciffus medio purpureus ferotinus,— I Park Parad.Narcifius medio luteus vulgaris,—:———J

The

The firft of thefe, the one here- figured is evidently the poelicus- of LINN^,US, judging by the authors to whom he refers in the third edition of his Spec. Pi. which are indeed few in number, and confined chiefly to Bauh. Pin. ai 1 Dodonxus ; of the fecond, and third, he takes no notice.

The two former ones of thefe have the greateft affinity inafmtich as they both produce for the moft part only one flower, of a white colour, having a very fhort neftary edged with orange ; to both of thefe LINNOUS'S fpecihc defcription is equally applicable, as well as the trivial name of poeticus, given them indifcrirninately by feveral of the old Botanifts, fome regarding the firft, fome the fecond, as the plant mentioned by THEOCRITUS*, VIRGIL t, snd OVID J; unfortunately both of them are found to grow in the fame meadows, and have the fame obvious appearances, it is therefore utterly impoffible to fay which of the two was the Narciffus of the poets ; if we have the greateft difficulty in ascertaining what the plants were of the Botanifts of thofe times, how are we to difcover what the Poets meant, v,hn with very few exceptions have been unpardonably inattentive to the appearances of pature. Since then the term poetic is equally fuitable to both, and as there cannot be two plant \vith the fame name, we have thought it beft to get rid of it altogether, and fubftitute others which tend in a certain degree to difcriminate the feveral fpecies, denominating the

tft. anguftifolius.ad. majalis.3d. biflorus.

The anguftifolius here figured is a native of the South of Europe, and faid by MAGNOL and CLUSIUS to grow fponta neoufly in the meadows about Narbonne and Montpelier. ^

It flowers in our gardens early in April, about a mon before the bifloms, and full fix weeks fooner than the majw't increafes readily by offsets, and fucceeds beft in a foil ">' is moderately moift. In what refpefts it differs from the tw° ethers, .will be mentioned when they come to be figured.

* Florida fed poftquam venere in prata puellas, His ilia, base aliis fe fioribus obleftabant; Narciffo ilia quidem bene olente, atq; ilia Hyacintho.

+ Pro molli Viola, pro purpureo Narciffo, Carduus et fpinis furgit Paliurus acutis.

J Nufquam corpus erat, croceum pro corpore florem Inyeniunt, foliis medium cingentibus albis.

FRITILLARIA IMPERI ALIS. GROWN IMPERIAL.

Clafs and Order.

HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

Generic Character.

&.<•. 6-petala, campanulata, fupra ungues cavitate neftarifera. Stam. longitudine corollas.

Specific Charatter and, Synonyms.

FRITILLARIA imperialis racemo comofo inferne nudo, foliis integerrimis. Linn. Syft. Vegetab. ed. 14. Murr. p. 3 24. Ait. Kew. v. i . p. 432.

LILIUM five Corona Imperialis. Bauh. Pin. p. 79.TUSAI five Lilium Perficum. Clufl. Hift. \. p. 1 27.CORONA IMPERIALIS. The Crowne Imperiall. Park.

Par. p. 2 7. tab. 29. /. i.

The Croton Imperial, a native of the Eaft, moft probably of Perfia, was introduced according, to DODONJEUS, into the gardens of the emperor and fome of the nobility at Vienna in 1576 ; it appears to have been cultivated here as early as 1596: both GERARD and PARKINSON defcribe it minutely, the latter on account of its " ttately beautifulnefs, " gives it the firft place in his garden of delight."

It flowers ufually in the beginning of April; the whole plant fends forth a ttrong unpleafant fmell, compared by nioft writers to that of a fox, perceptible when you approach H ; to this effluvia PARKINSON endeavours to reconcile us by laying that it is not unwholefome ; it is fo difagreeable liiiw^ver, that few choofe to have many of thefe plants, or tn&ie in the moft frequented parts of their gardens, yet it l)ught not to be profcribed, for independent of its beauty, 'here is much in it to admire, and efpecially its fingular Ne&aria, which in the form of a white glandular excavation lit i orate the bale of each petal; in thefe ufually ftands a drop of clear neftareous juice j the peduncle or flower-ftalk ' bends downwards when the plant is in flower, becomes

as the feed ripens. Of

Of this plant, as of all others, which have long been objeft of culture, there are many varieties; thofe moft generally cultivated in oiir gardens are the'common orange-flowered fingle and double, yellow fingle and double, gold-ftriped leaved, and filver-ftriped leaved; the Dutch in their cata logues enumerate thirteen varieties.

Luxuriant plants will fometimes produce a fecond and even a third whorl or crown of flowers, and the flat-ftalked ones which are monfters, have been known to produce feventy-two bloflbms, but none of thefe are found to be conftant.

The Crown Imperial, though a native of a much warmer climate than ours, is a hardy bulb, and not very nice in regard to foil, fucceeds beft in fuch as is ftiffifli, enriched •with manure, and placed in a flickered fituation.

Is propagated by offsets, which are produced in tolerable abundance.

C 195 ]CHEIRANTHUS MUTABILIS. CHANGEEABL

WALL-FLOWER.

?i<J. fy.Wt-zn-tu J.t

I - Clafs and Order.

TETRADYNAMIA SILIQUOSA.

Generic Character.

Germen utrinque denticulo glandulato. Cal. claufus foliolis duobus bafi gibbis. Sem, plana.

Specific Character.

CHEIRANTHUS mutabilis foliis lanceolatis acuminatis ar gute ferratis, caule frutefcente, filiquis pedunculatis. Ait. Hort. Kew. i\ 2 . p.395-

The prefent fpecies of Cheiranthus, unknown both to MILLER and LINNAEUS, was firft defcribed in the Hortus Kewen/is of Mr. AITON, who informs us that it was intro duced to the Royal .Garden in 1777, and found wild in the Ifland of Madeira by Mr. MASSON.

Its chief merit as an ornamental plant confifts in its early flowering; its bloffoms which are ftiewy contribute to enliven the green-houfe in March and April; on their firft expanding, they are white, in fome plants (for they are fubjeft to great variation) inclined to yellow, in a few days they become purple; to this change of colour obfervable alfo in the Cheiranthus maritimus already figured, it owes its name of mutabilis.

In flickered gardens at the foot of a wall, we have known this'fpecies furvive a mild winter; it feems indeed to be almoft as hardy as the common ftock; it is moft commonly however kept in the green-houfe.

The ufual way of propagating this fpecies, which is of ready and quick growth, is by cuttings, which fhould be put into the^ground as foon as the plant has done flowering; thefe if "properly treated will become handfome plants to place in the green-houfe at the approach of Winter, and to decorate it the enfuing Spring; in like manner may the green-houfe be annually recruited with many limilar plants to great advantage.

[ 196 3SAXIFRAGA CRASSIFOLIA. OVAL-LEAVED

SAXIFRAGE.

Oafs and Order. DECANDRIA DIGYNIA.

Generic Character.'Cal. 5 -partitus. Cor. 5 -petala. Caff. 2 -roftris, i-locularis,

polyfperma.Specific Charaffer and Synonyms.

SAXIFRAGA craflifolia, foliis ovalibus retufis obfolete ferratis petiolatis, caule nudo, panicula conglo merate. Linn. Sp. PL ed. 3 . p . 573. Syjl. Vegetal, ed. 1 4. Murr. p. 412.

SAXIFRAGA foliis ovalibus crenulatis, caulibus nudis. Gmel. Sib. 4 . p . 1 66. /. 66.

The term grandifolia would have been more applicable to this fpecies of Saxifrage than craffifolia,- for it is not fo much diftinguifhed for the thicknefs as the largenefs of its leaves j thefe are almoft equal in fize to thofe of our broad-leaved Dock, red on the under and of a fine fhining green on their upper fiirface; they may be ranked indeed among the more handfome kinds of foliage; the flowering ftems, according to the richnefs and moifture of the foil in which they are planted, rife from one to two or even three feet high ; at top fupport- irig a large bunch of purple pendulous flowers, which bloflbm in April and May, and, if the feafon prove favourable, make a fine appearance. Should cold winds prevail at the time oi their flowering, which they are very apt to do, the plants fhould be covered with a hand-glafs; or, if in a pot, it may be removed into the green-houfe, which they will not difgrac<--

Is found fpontaneoufly on the Alps of Siberia, and, accord ing to Mr. AIT ON, was introduced in 1765 by Dr. SoLANDEF- No plant is more readily increafed by parting its roots, wl»c may be done either in fpring or autumn. , ...

There is another Saxifrage in our gardens exceedingly « this in appearance, but differing, in producing larger "^^ of flowers, and in having larger, rounder, and more ne ^ fhaped leaves; Mr. AITON regards this as a variety p ^craj/ifolia, we are inclined to confider it as a fpecies u name of cordifolia. The parts of fructification in the are apt to be preternaturally increafed.

IV

*. £-,

fy Wfu.*, 4/***w-r/-/.-.-/ ' -A- • - .

3NARCISSUS BIFLORUS. TWO-FLOWER'D

NARCISSUS.

NARCISSUS biflorus fpatha biflor, neftario breviffimd fcariofo.

NARCISSUS pallidus circulo luteo. Sauh. Pin. p. 50.NARCISSUS medio luteus. Dod. Pempt. p. 2 23. /. 2.NARCISSUS medio luteus. Primrofe Peerles, or the com

mon white Daffodil. Ger. Herb. p. no. /. 6.NARCISSUS medio luteus vulgaris. The common white

Daffodill, called Primrofe Peerlefe. Park. Par.P- 74- t- 75-f- i -

NARCISSUS latifol claffis altera, lin. i. Nafcuntur, &c. ad intellexifle. CluJ. Hifi. PL rar. lib. 2 . p. 1 56.

Both GERARD and PARKINSON defcribe and figure this plant, informing us that it was very common in the gardens in their time ; the former indeed mentions-it as growing wild in fields and fides of woods in the Weft of England; the latter fays he could never hear of its natural place of growth. CLU- sius reports that he had been credibly informed of its growing wild in England ; it probably may, but of this it remains for us to be more clearly afcertained; it undoubtedly is the plant mentioned by RAY in his Synopfis.

As it grows readily, increafes in a greater degree than mod others, and is both ornamental and odoriferous, it is no wonder that we meet with it in almoft every garden, and that in abun dance, flowering towards the end of April, about three weeks later than the anguftifolia. It ufually produces two flowers, hence we have called it biflorus; it frequently occurs with one, more rarely with three, in a high ftate of culture it pro bably may be found with more; when it has only one flower it may eafily be miftaken for the majalis, but may be thus diftinguifhed from it; its petals are of a more yellow hue, the neftary is wholly yellow, wanting the orange rim, it flowers alfo at leaft three weeks earlier j but the character, which by long obfervation we have found moft to be depended on, exifts in the flowering ftem, the top of which in the biflorus, Very foon after it emerges from the ground, bends down and becomes elbowed, as our figure reprefents ; in the majalis, i t continues upnght till within a fhort time of the flowers expanding.

I

fuS. fy V.ftattt fC*» C'yr

CINDIGOFERA CANDICANS. WHITE-LEAVED

INDIGO.

Order.

DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA.

1

Generic Chara&er.Cal. patens. Cor. carina utrinque calcari fubulato patulo. Legumen lineare.

Specific CharaEter and Synonyms.INDIGOFERA candicans foliis ternatis lanceolato-linearibus fubtus fericeis, fpicis pedunculatis paucifloris, leguminibus cylindraceis re&is. Ait. Hort. Kew. V. 3 . p. 67.

Of the genus Indigofera, twenty-three fpecies are enume rated in Prof. MURRAY'S edition of the Syft. Vegetal, of LINNAEUS; ten in the Hortus Kewen/is of Mr. AITON; in which laft work only, the prefent plant, diftinguifhed by the whitenefs of its ftalks and of the underfide of its leaves, is defcribed, and in which we are informed, that it is a native of the Cape, from whence it was introduced by Mr. MASSON in 1774.

Its principal period of flowering is from about the begin ning of May to the middle of June, at which time it is highly ornamental in the green-houfe: ftrong healthy plants produce from five to eight bloflbms in a fpike: on a plant growing with Mr. COLVILL, Nurferyman, King's-Road, Chelfea, we once counted nine: a few of thefe ufually pro duce feed-veflels containing perfeft feeds, by which the plant is moftly propagated; it may alfo be raifed by cuttings, but not very readily.

CASTER ALPINUS. ALPINE ASTER,

Oafs and Order.

SYKGENESIA POLYGAMIA SUBERFLUA.

Generic CharacJer.

Recept. n udum. Pappus fimplex. Cor. radii plures to. ' Cal. imbricati fquamse inferiores patulae.

Specific Cbaraffer and Synonyms.

Â.STER alpinus foliis fubfpathulatis hirtis integerrimis, cau-libus fimplicibus unifloris. Ait. Hort. Kew. p. 1 98.

ASTER alpinus foliis fpatulatis hirtii: radicalibus obtufis,caule fimpliciflimo unifloro. Linn. Syft. Vegetab. p.761. Jacq. Fl. Auftr. V. i. t. 88.

ASTER montanus cseruleus, magno flore, foliis oblongis.Bauh. Pin. p. 2 67.

CLUSIUS and JACQUIN, by both of whom this fpecies of After is figured and defcribed, inform us, that it grows fpontaneoufly on the Auftrian Alps : of the many hardy herbace ous fpecies cultivated in our garden, this is by far the moft humble in ts growth ; in its wild ftate acquiring the height of about four inches, and when cultivated, rarely exceeding eight or nine: its hlofibms for its fize are large and {hewy, making their appearance much earlier than any of the others, viz. about the end of May and beginning of June, and con tinuing in bloflbm three weeks qr a month.

It is readily propagated by parting its roots in the autumn, may be kept in pots, or planted in the open border, prefers a moift ftiffith foil ; if carefully watered in dry weather, will grow among rock-work, Jfor which, from its fize, it is well adapted. fug. Sy

rC 20° 3

ANTIRRHINUM SPARTEUM. BRANCHING TOAD-FLAX.

Clafe and Order.

DIDYNAMIA ANGIOSPERMIA.

Generic Char/after.

Cal. 5 -phyllus. Cor. bafis deorfum prominens ne£tarifera. Caff. 2 -locularis.


ANTIRRHINUM Jpartetim foliis fubulatis canaliculatiscarnofis: inferioribus ternis, caule paniculate corollifque glaberrimis.Linn. Syft. Vegetal, ed. 1 4. Murr. p. 555- -Ait. Hort. Kew. 2 . p. 3 33.

The drawing here exhibited gives but a faint idea of the elegant and lively appearance which this plant affumes when it grows in<a-tuft, and a number of its branches are in bloffom at the fame time.

It is a hardy annual, of fmall ftature, a native of Spain, and flowers during moft of the fummer.

Was introduced into this country, according to Mr. AITON, in 1772, by Monf. RICHARD, and deferves to be much more generally cultivated.

Some regard it as a biennial, but as feeds of it fown in the fpring flower the enfuing fummer, and as the plant dies when it has ripened its feeds, there appears more propriety in con- lidering it as an annual.

It is to be fown in the fame manner as other hardy annuals; will flower earlier if the feeds have been raifed in autumn.

The upper part of the ftalk, as well as the leaves of the calyx, are befet with vifcous hairs, in which refpeft it does not-perfectly accord with LINNOUS'S defcriptlon. Vid. Sp.li ed. 3 . p . 854.

•iiiuri j-"-n aim-

'it

201

t

PELARGONIUM BICOLOR. TWO-COLOURED CRANE'S-BILL.

Clafs and Order.MONADELPHIA HEPTANDRIA.

* Generic Character. ^

(.',;/. j-partitus : lacinia fuprema definente in tubulum capil- huvm, neclariferum, fecus pedunculum decurrentem. Cor. ^-petala, irregularis. Filam. 1 0, inaequalia: quorum 3 (raro 5) cattrata. FrucJus 5 -coccus, roftratus : rqftra fpiralia, introrfum barbata.


PELARGONIUM bicolor umbellis multifloris, foliis terna-tifidis lobatis dentatis undulatis villofis.L'Herit. n. 64. Ait. Hort. Kew. v. 2 .p. 425.

GERANIUM bicolor. Jacq. Hart-'^. p. 2 3. /. 39. Cavan.difs. 4 . p . 248. /. 111. f. i .

In every numerous tribe of plants, many of the fpecies ap proach fo near to each other, that there is much difficulty in ''iilinijuifhing them ; this objection cannot be urged againft

prefent plant, which obvioufly differs from all the others fame genus in the particular fhape of its leaves and the of its bloflbms, the latter are ufually of a rich and very

fork purple edged with white, from whence we apprehend it ^*cs its name of bicolor; the colours however are fcarcely 'Wlinft enough to juftify fuch a name.

M;- AITON informs us in his Hort. Kew. that this very ornamental fpecies was introduced in the year 1778, by JOHN, ! ' le 'af e Earl of BUTE, but of what country it is a native, does "ot appear to be afcertained.

Our drawing was made from a plant in the collection of *fcffrs. GRIMJVOOD and Co. Kenfington, with whom it flowers lr°ni June to Auguft.

i& not difpofed to ripen its feeds, nor is it very readily by cuttings.

[ 202 ]

LUPINUS PERENNIS. PERENNIAL LUPINE.

Clafs and Order.

DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA.

Generic Cbara£fer.

Cal. 2 -labiatus. Anthers 5 , oblongs 5^ fubrotundze. Legumcn coriaceum'.

Specific Charaffier and Synonyms.

LUPINUS ferennis calycibus alternis inappendiculatis : la-bio fuperiore emarginato • i nferiore integro.Linn. Syft. Vegetab. ed. 1 4. Murr. />. 655. lAit.Kew. v. 3 . p. 2 8.

LUPINUS calycibus ahernis, radice perenni repente, Fl.Virg. 1 72.

LUPINUS cjeruleus minor perennis virginianus repens.Morif. hift. 2. p. 87. /. 2. /. 7. /. 6.

LUPINUS floribus cseruleis inodoris, in fpicas longas di-geftis, radice reptatrice. Clayt. n. 779.

Every fpecies of Lupine defcribed in the Species Plantarum of LINNAEUS, and in the Hortus Keuaenfis of Mr. AITON, except the one here figured, are annuals ; till another peren nial one therefore (hall be difcovered, the term perennis will be ftri&ly applicable to the prefent plant.

Its root is not only of the kind juft mentioned, but creeping alfo ; Mr. MILLER informs us, that he traced fonie of them belonging to plants of a year old, to the depth of three feet, they alfo . fpread out far and wide ; hence the roots even of young plants are with difficulty taken up en tire, and as they do not fucceed well by tranfplanting, if the root be cut or broken, our excellent author prefers raifing this elegant "plant from feed, which, though not very plentifully produced, ripen in July and Auguft; care mult be taken to gather them as foon as ripe.

It is a native of Virginia, and appears to have been cul tivated in the Botanic Garden at Oxford, as long fince as

1658.Flowers from May to July.Is a hardy perennial, fucceeding beft in a dry fituaticn,

with a loam moderately ftiff.••«- fy ~Kl

—i

Put ff *.'//,/ •JirJ'l.,,. . ^ ,,«,;,„/ ",,

203 ]

GERANIUM ANGULATUM. ANGULAR STALKED CRANE'S-BILL.

Order,

MOKADELPHIA DECANDRIA.

Generic Character.

al. 5 -phyl!us. Cor. 5 -peta!a, regularis. Nefit. glandulse 5, iiielliferEe, bafi longiorum filamentorum adnatse. Fruclus 5-cqccus, roitratus : ro/?nz limplicia, nuda, (nee fpiralia nee barbataj.

Specific Charatter and Synonyms

GERANIUM angulatum foliis radicalibus lubefptempartitis incifis hirfutis, caule erefto fubangulato, petalis venofis.

Having cultivated the Geranium here figured for a feries of years, we are perfectly fatisfied of its being a fpecies altogether diftinct from any of the hardy and more orna- in ntal plants of that genus ufually cultivated in our gar-

, dens.It is obvioufly diflinguifiied by two characters, the angu

lar appearance of its /laik (whence our name of angulatum} ami its flefli-coloured blolfoms, marked with veins of a deeper red.

in fize it (lands between pratenfe and acanitifrfium, i n its blolfoms it has fome affinity to ftriatum and lancaftrienfe, b ut the veins are not fo firongly marked as in the former, and it differs from the latter in having an upright ttalk.

It ufually flowers in May, and frequently again in autumn; is u hardy perennial, and cafily increafed either by feeds or,,parrinrr i ts rO -,!;.

*"'!' '.viiiii ciiuitirv it is a native, or when it was firft intro- ( '" J , we have vet tu lear.ij we urft obferved it in a.nur- ; - near lowu, wh*-»e it v, us iugardcd as a very different

204 [ 204 ]RANUNCULUS ACONITIFOLIUS. MOUNTAIN

CROWFOOT, or FAIR MAIDS OF FRANCE.

,.«4>

Clafs and Order.POLYANDRIA PoLYGYNIA.

Generic Character. Cz/.5-phylIus. Petala 5-intra ungues poro mellifero. Sem. nuda.

Specific Charaffer and Synonyms.RANUNCULUS aconitifolius foliis omnibus quinatis lanceo-

latis incifo-ferratis. Linn. Syft. Vegetal, ed.14. Murr. p. 5 16. Ait. Kevo. v. i. p. 267.

RANUNCULUS folio aconiti, flore albo multiplici. Bauh.Pin. 1 79.

RANUNCULUS montanus albus flore pleno. The doublewhite mountain Crowfoot. Park. Farad.p. 2 19./. 9.

Double white Bachelors Buttons. Ger. Herb. p. 8 12. f. i .

This is one of thofe plants which derives its beauty from the multiplication of its petals; in its fingle ftate no one would think it deferving of culture as an ornamental plant: when double, few plants come in for a greater mare of ad miration.

It is a native of the Alps of Europe, and flowers in May and June.

Was very generally cultivated in our gardens in the times of GERARD and PARKINSON.

Like moft alpine plants, it requires a pure air, and fucceeds beft in a fituation moderately moift and lhady; is a hardy perennial, and may be increafed by parting its roots in autumn.

In all feafqns, with us, its foliage, as well as that of moft other Crowfoots, is liable to be disfigured, and fometimes nearly deftroyed, by a very fmall maggot which feeds be twixt, the coats of the leaf, and which ultimately produces a fmall fly, called by us Mufca Ranunculi.

ANTIRRHINUM ALPINUM, ALPINE TOAD-FLAX.

Oafs and Order. DIDYNAMIA ANGIOSPERMIA,

Generic Character.Cat. 5-phyIIus. Cor. bafis deorfum prominens, ne£larifera.

Capf. 2 -locularis.

Specific ChdracJer and Synonyms,ANTIRRHINUM alpinum foliis quaternis lineari-lanceolatis

glaucis, caule diffufo, floribus racemofis, calcari refto. Linn. Syft. Vegetal, ed. 1 4. Murr. p. 556. Ait. Hort. Keiv. v. 2 . p 3 35. Jacq, Pi. Auftr. -v. i . /. 58,

ANTIRRHINUM caule procumbente breviter fpicato, foliisverticillatis. Hall. Hift. p. 3 38.

LINARIA quadrifolia fupina. Bauh. Pin. p. 2 13.LINARIA tertia ftyriaca. Cluf. Hift. \. p. 3 22.

Profeflbr JACQUIN, in defcribing the flowers of this plant, calls them elcgantijjimi; and to one of its varieties HALLER applies the epithet pulcherrima: fuch teftimonies in its favour will, we prefume, be fufficient to recommend it to our readers,

It is a native of various mountainous parts of Europe, af-, fefting moift, ftony fituations,* and flowers during moft of the fummer: is a hardy perennial t, according to the celebrated author_ of the F/. Auftriaca; Mr. AITON, in his Hort. Kero. marks it as a biennial. It is neverthelefs apt to be loft, like other fmall alpine plants, for want of proper treatment and care.

Mr. AITON informs us on the authority of LOBEL, that it was cultivated here by Mr. HUGH MORGAN, in 1570.

May be propagated by cuttings, as well as by feeds, which however are not very plentifully produced with us.

Succeeds beft when kept in a pot, or on rock-work, which it is well fuited to decorate.

? In faxofis udis alpium. Jacq. t Radix perennis. Jacy,

C 206 ]GERANIUM ANEMONEFOLIUM. ANEMONE-

LEAV'D GERANIUM.

Clafs and Order.

MONADELPHIA DECANDRIA.

Generic Character.

',. g -phyllus. Cor. 5 -petala, regularis. NeEt. glandules 5 melliferEe, bafi longiorum filamentorum adnatae. Fruffns 5-coccus, roftratus; roftra fimplicia nee fpiralia nee barbata. . L. Herit. Geran.

Specific Charafter and Synonyms.

GERANIUM anemonefolium foliis palmatis; foliolis pinnatifi- dis, caule fruticofb. L. Herit. n". 6. I. 36.

CRANIUM palmatum. Cavan. Difs. 4 . p. 2 16. /. 84. /. 2.

Before the appearance of the Hcrtus Kewenjis, Itevigatum was the term ufually applied to this fpecies of Geranium, by Botanifts here, and that on account of the fmooth and glofly appearance of its leaves; in that work Mr. AITON adopts the Word anemonefolium, by which Monf. L. HERITIER had diftin- guifted this fpecies, from an idea that their Ihape afforded a tore expreffive character than their fmoothnefs. We regret tliat the fmall fize of our plate will not admit of our giving a reprefentation of thofe leaves, and of their mode of growth, vhk-h fo ftrikingly characterizes the plant and adds fo confiderably to its beauty.

Mr. AITQN informs us that this fpecies is a native of Madeira,"from whence it was introduced here by Mr. FRAN- C|c MASSON in 1778.

It flowers from May to September, is ufually and readilyied from feeds, nor is it fo tender as many other green-uie plants.

C 207 3BARBATUS. BEARDED PINK or

SWEET WILLIAM.

Clafs and Order.

DECANDRIA DIGYNIA.

Generic CharaHer.Cal. cylindricus i-phyllus : bail fquamis 4. Petala 5 unguiculata. Capjula cylindrica, i-locularis.

Specific Charafler and Synonyms.JDIANTHUS larbatus floribus aggregafis fafciculatis: fqua mis calycinis ovato-fubulatis tubum asquantibus, foliis lanceolatis. Linn. Syft. Vegetab. ed. 1 4. Murr. p. 1 7. 4it. Kew. •&. z . p. 88.CARYOPHYLLUS hortenCs barbatus latifolius. Baub. Pin. 208.ARMERIUS latifolius fimplex. Single Sweete Williams. Park. Par ad. p. 321.

LINNAEUS, in his Spec. PL appears not to have known of what country the Sweet William was a native,' and even in the Hortus Kewenjls^ this circumftance is left undecided; yet DoDONjEus, in his Pemptades*, mentions its being found wild in Germany, and Pôr. HOFFMAN confirms this in his Germanys Flora t.At the time DODONÊUS wrote (1552) this plant was culti vated in the Netherlands, from whence it was probably introduced to this country, where it certainly is one of the oldeft inhabitants of our gardens.

* In petrofis collibus et afperis, fabulofis apricifque locis., apud Germanos •nafcitur. Pemft.p. 177.+ Sponte in fylvaticis, montofis (Carn. Siles, Tubing) Germanys FI. 1791.. P- 147.

Beautiful

111..1.L--,.-!

Beautiful as are trie numerous varieties of this fpecies of

Dianthus, Florifts have not deemed it worthy of that peculiar attention which they have beftowed on its more favoured relatives the Pink and Carnation, and hence it probably has rot arrived at that degree of improvement of which it is capable; our figure is intended to reprefent one of the moft efteemed of its kind, viz. the Painted Lady variety, which has a deep rich purple eye, furrounded with a pure white, having the edge of the petals {lightly indented; but our colours fall far fhort of the beauties of the original.

Befides fingle flowers producing an infinite variety of colours, there are feveral double varieties of the Sweet William, fome of which are obferved to have more fcent than others.

To poflefs thefe plants in perfection, we muft renew them yearly; for though the root be perennial, it is apt to decay, efpecially if the foil in which it grows be either very moift, or very dry; or if the air be not pure, the fingle forts rfluft be raifed from feeds, which fhould be faved from the choiceft flowers; the double forts may be increafed by cuttings, pipings, or layers, in the fame manner, and at the fame time as Pinks and Carnations; the feed fhould be fown early in April, the feedlings tranfplanted into a bed in June, taking advantage of a wet day and placed about fix inches afunder each way; in September they will be fit to tranfplant into the flower border, where they will bloffom the enfuing fummer,

during the months of June and July, and ripen their feed in

Auguft.

I

[208 ]

MELISSA GRANDIFLORA. GREAT-FLOWER'DBALM.

Cla/s and Order.

DIDYNAMIA GYMNOSPERMIA.

Generic Character.Cal. aridus, fupra planiufculus; labio fuperiore fubfafligiato.

Corolla lab. fuper. fubfornicatunij 2-fidum j labium inf. lobo medio cordato.

Specific Charaffer and Synonyms.MELISSA grandiflora pedunculis axillaribus dichotomis lon-

gitudine florum. Linn. Syft. Vegetal, ed. 1 4. Murr. p. 542. Ait. Kew. v. 2 . /. 315.

CALAMINTHA magno flore. Bauh. Pin. 2 29. CALAMINTHA montana prseftantior. The more excellent

Calamint. Ger. Herb. p. 556. as to the name. Ger. emac. 687. as to the figure.

The Meliffa grandiflorat a beautiful and hardy perennial, grows fpontaneoufly on the hilly and mountainous parts of France, Italy, and Germany ; GERARD mentions it as found wild in this country, which ftands in need of further con firmation ; there is little doubt, however, but he had culti vated the plant; as he fays, " brought into the garden, it prof- " pereth marvellous well and very eafily foweth itfelf."

It is the more valuable, as it flowers during moft of the fummer.

There is a variety of it with white, and another with red flowers, both much inferior in fize to thofe of the plant herefi- gured, and therefore not worth cultivating ; we have a variety alfo with variegated leaves which we obtained from feeds.

This plant is readily propagated by parting its roots in autumn, and may alfo be raifed from feeds, which are plenti fully produced : as it rarely exceeds a foot in height, it be comes a fuitable plant for the fmall flower border, or for l" decoration of rock-work.

The leaves when bruifed have the fmell of garden balm-

[ 209 ]

HIBISCUS TRIONUM. BLADDER HIBISCUS.

Order.MONADELPHIA PoLYANDRIA.

' Generic Character.

Cal. duplex : exterior polyphyllus. Capf. 5-locularis, polyfperma.

Specific CharaSer and Synonyms.\

HIBISCUS frionum foliis tripartitis incifis, calycibus inflatis.Linn. Syft. Vegetal, ed. 1 4. Murr. p. 631. Ait.Kew. v. 2 . p . 4 58.

TRIONUM Linn. Hort. cliff. 349. ALCEA veficaria. Bauh. Pin. 3 17. ALCEA peregrina five veficaria. Venice Mallow, or Good

night at noone. Park. Parad. p. 368. 307. f. z.

Seeds of the plant here figured are fold in the feed-fhops under the name of Venice Mallow, a name by which it was known in the time of GERALD and PARKINSON : Mr. AITON has changed this for the more fcientific one of Bladder Hibifcus. Authors have alfo diftinguifhed this plant by terms expreflive of the fhort-lived expanfion of its flowers, which GERARD fays open at eight o'clock in the morning and clofe about nine, from whence he obferves, that it might with propriety be called Malva horaria : MILLER lengthens the duration of its blowing to a few hours : we have frequently obferved its bloflbms con tinue fufEciently open to fhew their beauty the greateft part of the day, more efpecially towards the clofe of fummer.

Few annuals are more admired than this, the infide of the» flower is of delicate cream colour, having the centre em- bellifhed with a rich purple velvet, on which its golden an thers are proudly conspicuous.

It is faid to be a native of Italy ; a Cape variety, differing in hairinefs and a few other particulars is mentioned by MILLER, and confidered by him as a fpecies.

The lead poffible trouble attends the raifing of this beautiful annual, as it readily ripens its feeds, which falling on the ground produce plants in abundance the enfuing fpring ; to have it flower as long as may be, it will be proper to low it at two or three different periods.

i

•

fuf. , Cre/cr

C 210 ]

CELSIA LINEARIS. LINEAR-LEAV'D CELSIA.Clajs and Order.

DIDYNAMIA ANGIOSPERMIA.Generic Character.

Cal. 5 -partitus. Cor. rotata. Filamenta barbata, Capf. 2 -locularis.

Specific CharaSer and Synonyms.CELSIA linearis. Jacq. ColletJ. v. z. n. 2 10. Icon. v. 2 . /. 13. CELSIA linearis foliis ternis linearibus denticulatis.

We here prefent our readers with the figure of a plant newly introduced from France by Mr. WHLIAMS, Nurfery- man of Paris, collected originally in Peru by Mr. DOMBEY, •whofe flowers, if they do not equal thofe of the Fuchfia already figured in elegance of form and growth, furpafs them fome- >vhat in brilliancy of colour, whence it becomes a moil de- iirable plant for the purpofe of ornament.

Profeflbr JACQUIN, who firft gave a figure and defcription of this plant, informs us in his Colleftanea, that he received feeds of it from Profeflbr ORTEGA of Madrid, under the name of Ceijia linearis, which name he has adopted; and we, from refpeft to fuch authority, have continued; at the fame time we muft obfervd, that it ill accords with that genus : the bloflbms while in bud fold up fomewhat in the fame manner as thofe of the Celfia, but on expanfion they appear \videly different; their fliape indeed then becomes truly fingular, refembling a half-formed imperfeft corolla, its fila ments are fliort and want the hairs which in part charafterife the Celfia ; its feed-veflels alfo are far from being round : its antherse are large and dofe together, fomewhat like thofe of the Solanum, and there is fo. little of inequality in them, that few ftudents would be induced to refer its flowers to the clafs Didynamia.

Being a native of a warm climate, it comes to the greatefl perfection here when placed in a ftove in which the heat is moderate; but it will fucceed very well if treated as a tender green-houfe plant: it does not appear to be quite fo hardy as the Fuchfia, nor to flower like that plant at all feafons, but ufually produces its bloffoms in the latter fummer months, thofe are fucceeded by feed-veflels producing perfeft fe^ds, by which, as well as by cuttings, the plant is propagated.

Its leaves, which are not deciduous, are linear, and more or lefs toothed, growing three together; this charafter however is fomewhat oblcured by others growing from their bofoms.

C 211 ]

SEDUM POPULIFOLIUM. POPLAR-LEAV'D STONECROP.

Cat. 5 -fidus. germinis.

Clafs and Order. DECANDRIA PENTAGYNIA.

Generic Cbaraffer.

Cor. 5 -petala. Squamte ne£tarifene 5 ad bafin Caff. 5 .

Specific Chamber and Synonyms.

SEDUM populifolium foliis planis cordatis dentatis petiolatis, coryrnbis terminalibus. Ait. Kew. V. 2 . p. 1 09.

SEDUM populifolium foliis petiblatis cordatis dentatis, floribus paniculatis. Lmn.-fil.fuppl. p. 242.

SEDUM populifolium. Pallas^ it. 3 . p , 7 30. t..O. fig. 2.

Profeffor PALLAS, the celebrated Ruffian naturalift, difcovered this fpecies of Sedum in-Siberia, and in the year 1780, introduced it to the royal garden at Kew ; the younger LINNAEUS delcribes it minutely in his Suppl. Plantarum, and obferves, that in its general form it much refembles the Saxtfraga rotundifolia.

Its leaves are flat as in many of the other fpecies, and when the plant grows in an open fituation, expofed to the ,fun, they become as well as the ftalks of a bright red colour, which adds much to its beauty.

It is the only hardy Sedum cultivated; in our gardens with a fhrubby ftalk, its leaves however are dedduous, fo that in the winter it lofes its verdure, it flowers in July and Auguft, and is readily increafed by cuttings.

As moft of this tribe grow readily, and many of them naturally on rocks and walls, they may be in general re garded as proper rock plants, fome of them however are apt by the quicknefs of their growth to extend over and deftroy plants of more value ; this fault, if fuch it may be deemed, is not imputable to the populifolius.

Some not knowing its native place of growth, keep it 1° the green-rhoufe.

C 212 ]

TANACETUM FLABELLIFORME. FAN- LEAVED TANSY.

Oafs and Order.

SYNGENESIA POLYGAMIA SUPERFLUA.

Generic Charafler.

Recept. nudum. Pappus fubmarginatus. Cat. imbricatus, he- mifphaericus. Cor. radii obfoletae, trifidae. Linn, (interdum

omnefcjue fiofculi hermaphroditi.) Murr.

Specific Charatter and Synonyms.

TANACETUM fialelliforme corymbis fimplicibus, foliis del- toidibus apice ferratis. L' Herit. Serf. Angl. t. zj. Ait. Hart. Kew. V. 3 . p . 169.

There is a neatnefs in the appearance of this plant, which joined to the fingular form of its foliage, varying alfo from the general hue, entitles it to .a place in the green-houfe.

Mr. MASSON difcovered it at the Cape, and introduced it here in 1774. Ait. Keiv.

It flowers from May to Auguft, grows freely, and is ufually propagated by cuttingp.

^'"272

I

'. Zt.'i L 2 13 ]POLYGON UM ORIENTAL E.

PERSIGARIA.TALL

Oafs and Order. OCTANDRIA TRIGYNIA.

Generic Cbaraffer. Cal.o. Cor. 5 -partita, calycina. Sem. i . angulatum.

Specific Character and Synonyms.POLYGONUM orientate floribus heptandris digynis, foliis ovatis, caule ereclo, ftipulis hirtis hypocra- teriformibus. Linn. Syft. Vegetal, ed. 1 4. Murr. p. 377. Ait. Hort. Keio. V. 2 . p. 3 2.PERSICARJA orientalis n icotianse folio calyce florum purpureo. fournef. cor. 38. Schovanna-modela- muccu. Rheed. Mal. 1 2. p . 147. /. 76.

Of the genus Polygonum, the prefent well-known native of the Eaft, as well as of India, is the principal one cultivated in our gardens for ornament, and is diftinguifhed not lefs for its fuperior ftature than the brilliancy of its flowers; it will frequently grow to the height of eight or ten feet, and become, a formidable rival to the gigantic fun-flower.There is a dwarf variety of it, and another with white flowers; it has been obferved to vary alfo in point of hairinefs.It flowers from July to Ofclober, and produces abundance of feed, which, falling on the borders, generally comes up Tpontaneoufly in the fpring ; but it is moft commonly fown in the fpring with other annuals: when the feedlings appear, they fhould be thinned fo as to ftand a foot apart. This plant requires very little care, and will bear the fmoke of London better than many others.Was cultivated by the Dutchefs of BEAUFORT, in 1707. Ait. Kew.The Stipulse on the ftalk are deferving of notice, being unufual in their form, and making it look as if beruffled.

I

i

C 214 ]BRACOCE PHALU M DEN TIC u LATUM*

TOOTHED DRAGON'S-HEAD*

Clafs and Order.

DIDYNAMIA ANGJOSPERMIA.

Generic CharaSfer.

Corolla faux inflata : lalium fuperius eoncavunu

Specific CharaEier and Synonyms.

DRACOCEPHALUM denticulatum floribus fpicatis remotisiv foliis obovato-lanceolatis fuperne

denticulatis. Ait. Keiv. V. 2 . p . 3 17;

About the year 1786, we received from Philadelphia, feeds of a plant collected at a confiderable diftance from that city, announced to us as new and rare, and which produced the prefent fpecies of Dracocephalum : M r. WATSON, Nurferyman at Iflington, obtained the fame plant from Carolina, about the fame period.

It is a hardy perennial, multiplying confiderably by its roots, which creep fomewhat; it muft be planted in a moift foil, and fhady iituation, for fuch it affefts, and in fuch only will it thrive.

It flowers in Auguft and September.

It bears a confiderable affinity to the Dracocephalum virgi- nianum, to which, though a much rarer plant, it is inferior in point of beauty ; it fpreads more on the ground, its flowering ftems are not altogether fo upright, nor fo tall, the leaves are broader, and the flowers in the fpikes lefs nu merous.

I

fui. fy WCur(ij-J'effec. fre/iff. Art / rtf.* •£*?•*

I

I

2/J C 3IlANUNCULUS ACRIS FLORE PLENO.

DOUBLE UPRIGHT CROWFOOT.

. fyu^â

Oafs and Order.POLYANDRIA PoLYGYNIA.

Generic CbaratJer.'CaL 5-phylIus. Pftala 5 , intra ungues poro mellifero. Sent. nuda.'

Specific CharaRer and Synonyms. RANUNCULUS acris calycibus patulis, pedunculis teretibus,

foliis tripartite multifidis : fummis lineari-bus. Linn. Syft. Veg. ed. 14. Murr. p. 5 17. RANUNCULUS hortenfis credos flore pleno. Bauh. Pin.f. 1 78. ?.

RANUNCULUS pratenfis flore multiplied Park. Farad. />*218.

The double yellow field Crowfoot.In giving a reprefentation of this fpecies of Ranunculus, we have made a flight deviation from the ftricl; letter of our plan, as exprefled in the title page, which confines us to the figuring of foreign plants only; we have thought, however, that it would not be inconfiftent with the fpirit of the Flower-Garden Difplayed, were we occafionally to introduce fuch Englifli plants as have double flowers, and which, on that account, are thought worthy of a place in every garden; they are but - few in number, and we flatter ourfelves that this -trifling altera-. tion will be approved by our numerous readers.The Ranunculus acris is the firft that we offer of thefe; a plant, in its wild and fingle ftate, common in all our rich meadows, and in its improved, or to fpeak more botanically, in its monftrous ftate (all double flowers being monfters, for the rnoft part formed from the preternatural multiplication of their petals] it has long been cultivated in gardens abroad, as well as here.There are certain ornamental plants of the perennial kind, which, if once introduced, will fucceed with the leaft poffible trouble, and therefore fuit fuch as have little time to beftow on their flower-gardens; the prefent plant is one of thofe: if the foil in which we plant it be moift, it will grow moft readily, and flower during the months of June and July; and it is eafily increafed, by parting its roots in autumn,

I

[ 216 ]CYPRIPEDIUM ALBUM. WHITE-PETAI/D

LADIES SLIPPER.

Clafs and Order.

GYNANDRIA DIANDRIA.

Generic Charter.

Nettarium ventricofum inflatum cavum.


CYPRIPEDIUM album radicibus fibrofis foliis ovato-lanceolatis caulinis, petalis obtufis. Ait. Hort. Kern. V. 3 . f . 303.

HELLEBORINE Calceolus difta mariana flore gemello candido, vents purpureis, ftriato. Pink. Mant. 1 01. t. 4 18. /. 3.

'CYPRIPEDIUM hirfutum foliis oblongo ovatis venofis hir-futis flore raaximo. Mill. DiEi. ed. 6 . 4/0.

CYPRIPEDIUM fpettabile. Corolla labio fuperiore ovali bafi retufo concavo fubtus carina obtufa, inferiore petalis longiore grofib. Salifb. Tranf. Linn. Sec. V. i . p. 78.

Of the genus Cypripedium, G reat-Britain produces only one, America feveral ipecies; of thefe the album here figured, (whofe name is derived from the whitenefs of its petals, and with which the nectary muft not be confounded) is by far the moft magnificent; indeed there are few flowers which to fuch fingularity offtrufture add fuch elegance and beauty: it grows fpontaneoufly in various parts of North-America, and chiefly in the woods j was introduced to the royal garden at Kew, by Mr. WILLIAM YouNGi about the year 1770, but was known to Mr. MILLER, and cultivated by him at Chelfea long before that period; this intelligent and truly practical author informs us, that all the forts of Cypripedium are with difficulty preferved and propagated in gardens; he recom mends them to be planted in a loamy foil, and in a fituation where they may have the morning fun only j they muft, he

obferves,

obferves, for the above reafons, be procured from the places where they naturally grow; the roots Ihould be feldom re moved, for tranfplanting them prevents their flowering, which ufually takes place in June.

A greater proof of the difficulty of increafing thefe plants need not be adduced than their prefent fcarcity, though vaft numbers have been imported, how few can boaft of pofiefling them, or of preferving them for any length of time; careful management in their cultivation will doubtlefs go far, but peculiarity of foil and fituation would appear to be of greater importance : it is well known that certain plants thrive in cer tain diftrifts only, the double yellow rofe, for inftance, barely exifts near London, yet this plant I have feen growing moft luxuriantly, and producing a profufion of bloom, in the late Mr. MASON'S garden, Chefhunt, Herts, and in which various Orchis's alfo acquired nearly twice their ufual fize,—enviable fpot!

INDEX, INDEX.V

In which the Latin Names of $ In which the Englifh Names the Plants contained in the & of the plants contained in Fifth Volume are alphabet^ $ the Fifth Volume are alpha- cally arranged* |. helically arranged.

PL PI.1 173 Aitonia capenfis. % I 159 AlyfTum faxatile. *J f 1 61 Amygdalus nan a. ?f 1 180 Azalea nudiflora Mzr.coccinea. v

174 Buddlea globofa. . | 153 Bulbocodium vernum. J >66 Cheiranthus .maritimus. '£. .1.56 Coreopfis verticillata. X ^76 Cytifus Laburnum. & 147 Dais cotinifolia. % 170 Draba aizoides. *** 152 Epidendrum cochleatum. $* 179 Fumaria glauca. 41 158 Hibifcus Rofa Sinenfis. ^ 157 Hyacinthus botryoides. " *$• 146 Hypericum calycinum. ^.178 - Coris. J 168 Iris pavonia. [jf 171 Ixia chinenfis. X 169 Ixora coccinea^ A 175 Kalmia latifolia. £177 glauca. £ 172 Lamiurri Orvala. $ 151 Lotus tetragonolobus. 5^ 145 Monarda fiftulofa wzr. $- tgg Oxalis verficolor. 4s 165 Pelargonium cordifolium. j? !^8 ————— —— betulinum. j?163 Phlox divaricata. J 160 Pulmonaria virginica. Jf 164 Ranunculus gramineus. *** 162 Sanguinaria canadenfis. ^ 167 Sophora tetraptera. ^ 154 Saponaria Ocymoides. ^ igo Tagetes patula. $

i 149 Zinnia multiflora, %

173 Aitonia cape. 161 Almond dwarf. 159 Alyfium yellow. 172 Archangel balm-leav'cL 180 Azalea fcarlet. 174 Buddlea round-headed. 153 Bulbocodium vernal. 148 Crane's-bill birch-lea v'd* 165 • —————— heart-leav'd.164 Crowfoot grafs-Ieav'd. 156 Coreopfis whorled. 147 Dais cotinus-Ieav'd. 170 Draba fengreen. 152 Epidendrum two-leav'cL 179 Fumitory glaucous. 158 Hibifcus china-rofe* 157 Hyacinth grape. 168 Iris peacock. ijfi Ixia Chinefe. 169 Ixora fcarlet. 175 Kalmia broad-Ieav'd.a 77 ———— glaucous. 176 Laburnum common. igi Lotus winged. 160 Lungwort Virginian. 163 Lychnidea early-flowering. ig<3 Marigold French. 145 Monarda crimfon. 162 Puccoon Canada. 146 St.John's-wort large- flowerM 178 ————————— heath-leav'd.154 Soap-wort bafij. 167 Sophora winged-podded.** 166 Stock Mediterranean. 155 Wood-forrel ftriped-flower'd 149 Zinnia many-flower 'd.

INDEX. INDEX.In which the Latin Names of f In which the Englifh Names

the Plants contained in the * of the Plants contained in Sixth Volume are alphabeti cally arranged.

PI. :200 Antirrhinum fparteum.207 •——————— alpinum.199 After alpinus.210 Celfia linearis.195 Cheiranthus mutabilis.181 Colutea frutefcens.188 Convolvulus Nil.185 Coronilla valentina.192 Cypripedium acaule.216 ——————— album. \207 Dianthus barbatus.214 Dracocephalumdenticulatum.189 Erica grandiflora.194 Fritillaria imperialis.•303 Geranium angulatum.206 •—————' anemonefohum.209 Hibifcus Trionum.198 Indigofera candicans.187 Iris fambucina.184 Ixia crocata.202 Lupinus perennis.208 Melifla grandiflora.193 Narciflus anguftifolius.! 97 ———:—biflorus.190 Ornithogalum aureum.201 Pelargonium bicolor.213 Polygonum orientale.191 Primula marginata.204 Ranunculus aconitifolius.21_5 ———,———— acris flore pleno.182 Salvia aurea.196 Saxifraga craflifolia.

'211 Sedum populifolium.186 Selago ovata.

.183 Syringa vulgaris.si2 Tanacetum flabelliforme.

the Sixth Volume are alpha betically arranged.

, 199 After alpine.208 Balm great-flower'd.181 Bladder-fenna fcarlet.

.210 Celfia linear-leav'd.• 188 Convolvulus azure.1 185 Coronilla rue-leav'd.' 201 Crane's-bill two-colour'd.. 203 •——————— angular-ftalk'd.• 204 Crow-foot mountain.215 —————— upright-double.214 Dragon's-head toothed.206 Geranium anemone-leav'd.189 Heath great-flower'd.

. 209 Hibifcus bladder.• 194 Imperial crown. 1 198 Indigo white-leav'd. , 187 Iris elder-fcented.• 184 Ixia faffron-colour'd.! 192 Ladies-flipper two-leav'd., 2 16 ———————— white-petal'd.• 183 Lilac common.' 202 Lupine perennial.„ 193 Narciflus narrow-leav'd.1 1 97 —————— two-flower'd.' 190 Ornithogalum golden.[213 Perficaria tall.: 191 Primula filver-edg'd." 182 Sage golden.'_ 196 Saxifrage oval-leav'd.: 186 Selago oval-headed.•211 Stone-crop poplar-leav'd. | 212 Tanfey fan-leav'd. . 200 Toad-flax branching. > 207 —•———— alpine. 195 Wall-flower changeable.

i 207 William fweet.

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