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VI. Roman Citizenship

A. All free males are a citizen, and therefore protected by Rome

B. Right to voteC. Right to make contractsD. Right to contract a legal marriageE. Paid taxesF. Expected to vote and serve on juriesG. Expected to serve in the military

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VII. 3 Social Classes in Rome

A. Patricians - the wealthy... already met themB. Plebeians = ordinary citizensC. Slaves - every great civilization inevitably

uses slavery

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VIII. Plebeians

A. In early times they could not hold officeB. Farmers, merchants, and craft workers whose families

moved to RomeC. Backbone of RomeD. Forced out of work due to Roman conquests = large

slave labor pool1. They were basically outsourced... sound familiar?

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IX. The Plebeians Strike Back

A. Plebeians refused to fight in the army

B. Plebeians still felt slighted and taken advantage of

C. Asked for some power... were told “No”

D. So they left to start their own city “Secessio plebis” (Stoppage of work or a work strike) so what?

E. This will lead to the Law of 12 Tables - first set of written laws on tablets in the Roman Republic that described the rights of each person

F. (Rule of Law, innocent until proven guilty, Defense before a judge)

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F. Rome essentially comes to a halt. No working class of people and the slaves couldn’t do it all

G. Agreement reached... TribunesH. Tribune = 10 elected Plebeians with the given power of veto

(Council of the Plebs)I. Veto = to refuse or reject1. Why was this important?2. Who holds this power today?

X. The Roman Legions

A. While fight for power and respect was happening in Rome, the Roman Army was fighting, winning, and expanding Roman territories.

B. Romans were winning because of their new style of fighting.

1. Used small groups called legions, which made it easier to attack enemy lines.

C. Their biggest rival was Carthage (N. Africa). Carthage was founded by the Phoenicians who were sea traders from the Middle East.

D. First Punic War- Fought over Sicily. Rome built a large navy to defeat Carthage.

E. 2nd Punic War-Hannibal tries to attack Rome with 46k men and elephants. Roman General Scipio counterattacked Carthage and Spain which made Hannibal return home

F. After defeating them in the Punic Wars, they turned their attention to Macedonia and Gaul

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XI. Greek Influence on RomeA. Religion - polytheistic, many of the

Greek gods turned into Roman GodsB. Building on Greek ideas of learning,

math, philosophy, and astronomyC. Romans used these concepts to build

and organize the world

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1. Copied from the Etruscans and Greek style

2. Allowed them to build things bigger, stronger, and taller

3. Arch = a curved structure used as support over a curved space... could support a lot of weight

4. Invented cement... pretty useful stuff

D. Architecture

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E. Aqueducts

1. Structures that carry water long distances2. Carried water from the country to the city3. Still used today in Los Angeles and other

parts of California

The Colosseum

•Crown Jewel of the Empire and a major influence on today’s society... ask any sports fan

F.

1. Coliseum = the site of man battles and contests between people and animals

2. When first built, could flood the floor to reenact naval battles... pretty cool

3. Eventually animal cages and cells were built under the floor of it4. Could hold approx. 50,000 spectators or more5. Gladiators fought for glory, slaves for their lives6. It was an absolute spectacle: violence, blood, brutality... all those things

dudes like7. What did this influence today?

1. Influenced by the Greeks, greatly influence us2. Passed the idea of law and laws to other cultures throughout the

Roman Empire3. Ideas about JUSTICE4. People had the right to face their accuser5. If there was reasonable doubt, then the person MUST be found not

guilty6. Many of our legal foundations come from Rome, that’s why

everything has a Latin name7. Actori incumbit onus probandi - The burden of proof lies

on the plaintiff.

G. Law“The Good of the people is the chief law” Cicero: Roman Everything Man