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INEEL/EXT-05-02643Revision 1
Software Requirements Specification
Verifiable Fuel Cycle Simulation (VISION) Model
AFCI Economic Benefits and Systems Analysis Teams
November 2005
Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory Bechtel BWXT Idaho, LLC
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INEEL/EXT-05-02643, Rev. 1
Software Requirements SpecificationVerifiable Fuel Cycle Simulation (VISION) Model
AFCI Economic Benefits and Systems Analysis Team
November 2005
Idaho National LaboratoryIdaho Falls, Idaho 83415
Prepared for theU.S. Department of Energy
Office of Nuclear Energy, Science, and TechnologyUnder DOE Idaho Operations OfficeContract DE-AC07-05ID14517 (INL)Contract W-31-109-ENG-38 (ANL)
Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000 (SNL)
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The AFCI modeling team acknowledges the efforts of those who contributed to thisdocument: David E. Shropshire, INL; Kent A. Williams, ORNL; W. Brent Boore,WSRC; J. D. Smith, SNL ; Brent W. Dixon, INL; Mary-Lou Dunzik-Gougar, INL/ISU;Jake J. Jacobson, INL; William H. West, INL; Steven J. Piet, INL; Gretchen E. Matthern,INL; Robert N. Hill, ANL; Abdellatif M. Yacout, ANL; Erich Schneider, LANL; LenMalczynski, SNL; Christopher T. Lewis, ISU; Chris Juchau, ISU.
Table of Contents
Acronyms............................................................................................................................ 1Introduction......................................................................................................................... 4Need, Scope, and Purpose For VISION.............................................................................. 4
Scope of VISION............................................................................................................ 4Purpose of VISION......................................................................................................... 4Users of VISION............................................................................................................. 6
High-Level Functionality.................................................................................................... 6Assumptions...................................................................................................................... 15Requirements .................................................................................................................... 15
Flow Model Variables................................................................................................... 16Economic Analysis Functionality ................................................................................. 18Analysis of Estimates or Measures ............................................................................... 20General Model Architecture Elements.......................................................................... 22Hardware/Software ....................................................................................................... 28Constraints .................................................................................................................... 29
Software Quality ............................................................................................................... 30Quality Documentation................................................................................................. 30Performance Testing ..................................................................................................... 30Verification and Validation........................................................................................... 30
Reference Documents ....................................................................................................... 30
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AcronymsAFC Advanced Fuel CycleAFCI Advanced Fuel Cycle InitiativeANL Argonne National LaboratoryBCC Base Construction CostCH Contact HandledCOA Code of AccountsD&D Decontamination and DecommissioningDDS Design description for softwareDOE U.S. Department of EnergyEMWG Economic Modeling Working GroupFICA Federal Insurance Contribution ActFOAK First-of-a-KindHLW High-level WasteIAEA International Atomic Energy AgencyIDC Interest During ConstructionIMF Inert Matrix FuelINL Idaho National LaboratoryISU Idaho State UniversityLANL Los Almos National LaboratoryLFR Lead-Cooled Fast ReactorLLW Low-level WasteLUEC Levelized Unit of Electricity CostLWR Light Water ReactorMOX Mixed Oxide FuelMRS Monitored Retrievable StorageMSR Molten Salt ReactorNOAK Nth-Of-A-KindNRC Nuclear Regulatory CommissionO & M Operations and MaintenanceOCRWM Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste ManagementORNL Oak Ridge National LaboratoryR&D Research and DevelopmentRD&D Research, Development, and DemonstrationRH Remote HandledRTM Requirements traceability matrixSCMP Software configuration management planSCWR Supercritical-Water-Cooled ReactorSFR Sodium-Cooled-Fast ReactorSMP Software management planSNF Spent Nuclear FuelSNL Sandia National LaboratorySQAP Software quality assurance planSRS Software Requirements SpecificationSTP Software test planSWU Separative Work UnitTCIC Total Capital Investment CostTOC Total Overnight CostTRU TransuranicTSLCC Total System Life Cycle CostUREX Uranium Extraction ProcessV&V Verification and ValidationVHTR Very-High Temperature ReactorVISION Verifiable Fuel Cycle Simulation ModelWBS Work Breakdown Structure
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WIT What-It-TakesWSRC Westinghouse Savannah River CompanyWU Weapons UseableYMP Yucca Mountain Project
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IntroductionThe purpose of this Software Requirements Specification (SRS) is to define the top-levelrequirements for a Verifiable Fuel Cycle Simulation Model (VISION) of an AdvancedFuel Cycle (AFC). This simulation application is intended to serve as a broad systemsanalysis and study tool applicable to work conducted as part of the AFCI (including costestimates) and Generation IV reactor development studies. This is a “living document”that will be modified over the course of the execution of this work element, but withconfiguration control of the INL work package manager for AFCI Integrated ModelDevelopment, in consultation with the INL work package manager for AFCI EconomicBenefits.
Need, Scope, and Purpose For VISIONThere is a lack of validated and verified estimating models to support fuel cycle costanalysis. Previous cost studies have failed to provide a complete economic accounting ofall the relevant fuel cycle costs (e.g., omission of D&D costs, refurbishment, or wasteforms) that comprise the overall life cycle costs of a facility. Such “partial” studies canresult in misleading conclusions. The goal of the VISION model is to establish a crediblesystems basis for an AFC and to create a reference source for fuel cycle unit costs.
Scope of VISIONVISION will dynamically simulate an AFC from cradle to grave, including mining of rawmaterial to disposition of waste after electricity generation. It models the nuclear fuelcycle and accounts for, or accommodates changes in process capability, includingtransition from "design and construct to startup to equilibrium to final D&D" states aswell as material, capital, and operating costs. To accomplish this cradle to grave analysis,VISION should simulate distinct fuel cycle activities, called modules, which representthe various front-end fuel cycle, back-end fuel cycle, waste disposition, andtransportation functions.
Purpose of VISIONVISION is intended to be the AFCI system analysis simulation tool of the entire fuelcycle (including cost estimates) to assist in evaluating and improving major fuel cycleoptions against all four AFCI programmatic objectives – waste management,proliferation resistance, energy recovery, and systematic fuel management (economics,safety, at-reactor storage).
VISION is NOT intended to actually manage the fuel cycle. For example, there is nointent to track each fuel assembly from each reactor, as might be required for actual fuelmanagement.
VISION will build upon the functionality contained in the Dynamic Model of NuclearDevelopment (DYMOND) originally developed for the Generation IV Fuel Cycle CrossCut group. The VISION model will incorporate the DYMOND model and add (1)isotopic flow control and decay, (2) additional recipes from transmutation analyses suchas VHTR with recycling, (3) simplified models for fuel separation and fabrication, (4)
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cost calculations, (5) uranium resources model, and (6) increased flexibility in transitionsand combinations of individual fuel cycle technologies.
The VISION model will be used to:• Quickly assess and evaluate, with reasonable accuracy, relative economic
differences in fuel cycle strategies and timing.• Understand issues and opportunities for keeping nuclear power an economically
competitive option;• Create an in-depth basis for understanding fuel cycle costs, their sensitivities and
uncertainty; and• Develop economic tools to evaluate creative solutions to make the nuclear fuel
cycle cost competitive.• Estimate a levelized cost of electricity.• Compare strategies – once-thru, single-pass, multi-pass thermal, thermal/fast
symbiotic, breeder.• Compare technologies – IMF vs. MOX, separation processing, reactor type.• Improve, but not optimize, scenarios.• Simulate feedback looks, e.g., the conversion of a UOX-capable to MOX-capable
reactor could be controlled by an algorithm involving the accumulation ofavailable MOX, the cost of the conversion, the downtime for the conversion, costof new reactors, etc.
• Explore new ideas vs. established lines of thinking.• Conduct qualitative and quantitative comparisons of alternative fuel cycles with
respect to:o resource requirements,o reactor types and mix,o sequencing and timing,o interim waste storage,o energy recovery,o proliferation resistance,o safetyo waste streams, ando repository capacity and performance requirements.
Typical, but by no means all, of the questions that may be answered with VISIONinclude:
• What does it take to defer or reduce number of repositories? When? Cost?• How to reduce Pu inventory?• How to reduce transportation costs and numbers?• Should the US offer more fuel services?• How much Pu may be made or destroyed from a scenario? When? How much in
storage?
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Users of VISIONThere are two major groups of users anticipated for the VISION model. The user groupwill have a direct bearing on the implementation of some of the requirements described inthe requirements section of this document.
Group 1: Composed of analysts, scientists, System Engineers, and model developersinternal to the AFCI project within the Department of Energy (DOE) and affiliatedNational Laboratories or AFCI contractors. These users will be responsible fordeveloping the model, conducting theoretical “what-if” scenarios to test assumptions andfurther refine alternatives, assessing the reliability and robustness of model results, andmaking suggested changes to the model based on their studies. In general this class ofusers will have access to internal versions of the model for testing, analysis andexperimentation.
Group 2: Composed of analysts, scientists, System Engineers, and Department of Energyemployees external to the AFCI project. These users will use a compiled or “locked”version of the model to conduct analysis and “what-if” scenarios within the publishedfunctionality of the model. These users will have access to approved and publishedversions of the software that have been through an established quality assurance processthat verifies and validates the model.
VISION is not intended for use by people unfamiliar with advanced fuel cycles, theissues, terminology, and basic interrelationships.
High-Level FunctionalityVISION will dynamically model an AFC from cradle to grave, including mining of rawmaterial to disposition of waste after electricity generation. To accomplish this cradle tograve analysis, VISION should simulate distinct fuel cycle activities, called modules,which represent the various front-end fuel cycle, back-end fuel cycle, waste disposition,and transportation functions.
Each type of fuel cycle facility or activity is referred to as a module (see Figure 1). Amodule represents a specific fuel cycle function that is separate but dependent on otherfuel cycle activities (e.g., the enrichment module is influenced by the enrichment requiredby the fuel manufactured in the fuel fabrication module). The modules are assembled invarious ways to create different fuel cycle scenarios. The set of mass flow and economicassessment modules must be divided into the following types:
• Front-end• Reactor• SNF storage• Recycling (separation, fabrication of recycled fuel, etc.)• Back-end modules• Transportation
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Figure 1. AFC Classes of Modules
Front-end ModulesThe functionality of the front-end modules must include, but is not necessarily limited to,the modules sketched in Figure 2. The associated functionality does not necessarily haveto be ultimately organized in this fashion (modules A, B, C1/C2, D1).
Figure 2. Front-end Module Functionality
The front-end fuel cycle modules are generally related to commodity types of servicesprovided by commercial sources, hence “unlimited capacity” throughput.
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Module Module Name Allowlimited
capacity?
General Description (NOTE, in VISION, these moduleshave both non-economic and economic versions, thus
the descriptions are broader than only “cost”)
A Natural UraniumMining and Milling
No Includes the factors involving extraction of uraniumfrom the earth through production of uraniumconcentrate in the form of U3O8 commonly known as“yellowcake.” Module A needs to start with an initialstock of conventional-pessimistic resources,conventional-optimistic resources, or unconventionalresources. The values are user defined, the defaultvalues shall be large (approximately infinity) so thatgenerally the model is unconstrained when it runs.
B Conversion No Takes the mined U3O8 concentrate and further purifiesand converted to a UF6 solid in cylinders for feed to auranium enrichment plant.
C1 Enrichment(IsotopicSeparation)
No Uses the UF6 solid in cylinders to enrich the % of U-235 from 0.711% to the 3–5% typical of the enrichmentused for LWR fuel fabrication, or higher for typicalVHTR fuels. Module C1 can supply LEU to eitherunirradiated fuel (module D1) or recycled fuel (moduleD2).
C2 HEU Blend-down No U.S. and Russian government-owned highly enricheduranium (HEU) blended down as a secondary supply tomeet demand for low enriched uranium (LEU).Module C2 can supply LEU to either unirradiated fuel(module D1) or recycled fuel (module D2). Module C2needs to start with an initial stock (outside AFCI, userdefined, default=0) of existing HEU potentiallyavailable for blend-down.
D1 (and 8submodules)
Fuel Fabrication –Unirradiated(contact handled)
Yes Uses chemical, ceramic/metallurgical, and mechanicalsteps to take enriched UF6 and convert it to finishedfuel assemblies.
Reactor ModulesThe functionality of the reactor modules must include, but is not necessarily limited to,the modules sketched in Figure 3. The associated functionality does not necessarily haveto be ultimately organized in this fashion (modules R1, R2), but must be able todifferentiate between thermal and fast reactors.
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Figure 3. Reactor Modules
Reactors are integral to the fuel cycle. Reactor/transmutation baseline cost data areprovided in Appendix C of the 2005 Advanced Fuel Cycle Cost Basis. The SNF storage(Module E) and SNF packaging for transport and disposal (module H) are generallylocated at reactor sites.
The reactor modules are always handled in the “limited capacity” fashion.
Module Module Name Allowlimited
capacity?
General Description (NOTE, in VISION, thesemodules have both non-economic and economic
versions, thus the descriptions are broader than only“cost”)
R Reactor(Thermal/Fast)
Always Baseline data for future thermal and fastreactors are based on Generation IV Roadmapactivity.
SNF Interim Storage ModulesWhen discharged from reactors, all fuels generate so much heat that they must be activelycooled, hence “wet” interim storage. As fuels cool, they can be transferred to eitherpassively cooled (“dry”) storage or packaged for shipment elsewhere (Figure 4). (Thepackaging module is covered elsewhere.) It is to be understood that “wet” does notnecessarily mean water. For example, sodium-reactor metal fuel is actively cooled byplacement in sodium, not water.
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Figure 4. Spent Nuclear Fuel Interim Storage Modules
Module Module Name Allowlimited
capacity?
General Description
E1 Interim SNFstorage – reactorwet
Eventually Pool storage (at reactor) of SNF from existing commercialreactor operations. When fuel is sufficiently aged thatactive cooling is no longer required, it can be transferredto dry storage (module E2) or SNF packaging (moduleG2) for shipment elsewhere.
E2 Interim SNFstorage – reactordry
Eventually Dry storage (at reactor) of SNF coming from reactor wetstorage and includes handling costs involved with transferfrom wet to dry storage. When it is moved, it goes to SNFpackaging (module G2) for shipment elsewhere.
Recycling ModulesThe functionality of the recycling modules must include, but is not necessarily limited to,the modules sketched in Figure 5. The associated functionality does not necessarily haveto be ultimately organized in this fashion (modules G2, F1/F2, E3, D2), but must be ableto differentiate between aqueous and pyrolytic separation. The recycle-fuel module (D2)must be able to accommodate many types of input (enriched uranium, DU, BU, NpPu,Am, Cm) and produce multiple types of recycle fuel. Unless the separation plant is co-located with reactors, SNF must be packaged (module G2) before it can be shipped toseparation (or disposal).
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Figure 5. Recycle Modules
The recycle modules (D2, E3, F1 & F2, and G) are associated with reprocessing of thefuel and may be provided by some combination of government and private sources.
Module Module Name Allowlimited
capacity?
General Description (NOTE, in VISION, these moduleshave both non-economic and economic versions, thus
the descriptions are broader than only “cost”)
D2 Fuel Fabrication –recycled
Yes Uses chemical, ceramic/metallurgical, and mechanicalsteps to take fissile material from the back-end fuelcycle to convert to finished fuel assemblies. In somecases, all stages of fabrication require remotefabrication, e.g., MOX-NpPuAm. In other cases, allstages require glovebox but not full remote handling,e.g., single-pass MOX-NpPu. In other cases, somesteps are contact, some are glovebox, and some arefully remote, e.g., assemblies that blend UOX, IMF-NpPu, and Am targets.
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Module Module Name Allowlimited
capacity?
General Description (NOTE, in VISION, these moduleshave both non-economic and economic versions, thus
the descriptions are broader than only “cost”)
E3 Recycled productsstorage
Eventually Storage of the actinide by-products produced from thereprocessing of thermal reactor and fast reactor fuels.Would typically be required to support blending needs.Module E3 should start with an initial stock (outsideAFCI, user defined, default=0) of potentially availableweapons-grade Pu that could be added to the fuel cyclesystem. Blending WG-Pu into new fuel would beaccounted for in module D2.
F1 Separation
– Aqueous(ElementalSeparation)
Yes Separation of SNF elemental components usingaqueous process to support recycling of fissilematerials. Includes receipt of SNF through end-productproduction.
F2 Separation
– Pyrolytic
(ElementalSeparation)
Yes Separation of SNF elemental components using apyrolytic process to support recycling of fissilematerials. Includes receipt of SNF through end-productproduction.
G1 HLWConditioning,Storage, andPackaging
Eventually Conditions the waste, provides interim storage of thetreated waste, and packages the HLW in preparation fortransport to a repository. Module G1 is downstream ofseparation and fuel fabrication.
G2 SNF Conditioning,Storage, andPackaging
Eventually Same as G2, but for unprocessed SNF instead of HLW.Module G2 is downstream of wet storage (module E2)and dry storage (module E1).
Back-end ModulesSome of the back-end fuel cycle modules (I, L and M) are the responsibility of thegovernment as provided by the Nuclear Waste Policy (NWPA)1. Only a limited numberof these types of facilities would be built (Figure 6).
1 Information on the NWPA can be found at http://www.ocrwm.doe.gov/ymp/about/nwpa.shtml.
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Figure 6. Back-end Modules
Module Module Name Allowlimited
capacity?
General Description
G1 HLWConditioning,Storage, andPackaging
Eventually Conditions the waste, provides interim storage of thetreated waste, and packages the HLW in preparation fortransport to a repository. Module G1 is downstream ofseparation and fuel fabrication.
G3 LLW Conditioning,Storage, andPackaging
Eventually Mass flow e.g. for LWR with Zr clad fuels are to bedisposed as LLW instead of GTCC or HLW.
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Module Module Name Allowlimited
capacity?
General Description
G4 GTCCConditioning,Storage, andPackaging
Eventually This is analogous to G1, G2, and G3 but for waste thatis GTCC at time of separation, e.g, Cs and Sr. Cs andSr must either (a) be stored ~300 years to qualify fornear-surface disposal (module J) or (b) be disposed asGTCC. Under current NRC rules, the only dispositionpath for GTCC is geologic repository (module L)
I Long-TermMonitoredRetrievable Storage
Yes Long-term storage of SNF/HLW until shipped to ageologic repository.
J Near SurfaceDisposal (LLW)
Eventually Engineered or trench disposal of LLW including wasteand fill placement, and monitoring.
K1 UraniumConversion,Storage, andDisposition -Depleted
Lowpriority
Conversion, storage, and disposal of depleted UF6. Insome scenarios, this material is later withdrawn to usein breeder fast reactors.
K2 UraniumCondition, Storage,and Disposition -Burned
Lowpriority
Conversion, storage, and disposal of burned uranium.In some scenarios, this is only a brief holding pad forBU from separation (module F) to fuel fabrication(module D2). In other scenarios, this can be“permanent” disposal (as can be DU in module K1)with withdrawal decades later, if at all. Because of thehigh cost of TRU storage in module E3, we do not storeburned uranium there; hence the need for a new BUmodule.
L GeologicRepository
Yes Includes inception through closure for repositoryoperations. VISION will keep the following streamsseparate – SNF (which may be withdrawn later), HLW,and GTCC.
M Other DisposalConcepts
Yes Speculative SNF/HLW disposal alternatives to a deepgeologic repository, such as deep bore hole, and others.
Transportation ModulesThe functionality of the transportation modules must include, but is not necessarilylimited to, the modules sketched in Figure 7. The associated functionality does notnecessarily have to be ultimately organized in this fashion (modules O and P), but mustbe able to differentiate between low-level and high-level radioactive materials.
Figure 7. Transportation Modules
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The transportation modules (O and P) support the transport of new fuel, recycled fuel,and shipment of SNF, HLW and low-level waste (LLW). Transportation of raw fuel tothe reactor is provided by the reactor owner/utility. SNF transportation from the reactorto interim storage and the repository is the responsibility of the government. High-levelwaste and LLW transportation resulting from recycling could be provided by somecombination of government and private sources.
Module Module Name Allowlimited
capacity?
General Description
O Transportation forHigh-LevelRadioactiveMaterials
Notapplicable
Transportation of recycled irradiated fuel and SNF/HLWper relative unit, includes handling not already included ininterim storage. Includes required operations to conditionand package the SNF for shipment to the repository,interim storage, or to a reprocessing facility. NOTE: thenon-economic version of this module, without economics,will assemble an estimate of all flows of classes ofmaterials, e.g., GTCC, HLW, SNF, recycled fuel.
P Transportation forLow-LevelRadioactiveMaterials
Notapplicable
Transportation for new fuel, unirradiated materials, andLLW per relative unit, includes handling not alreadyincluded in interim storage. NOTE: the non-economicversion of this module will assemble an estimate of allflows of classes of materials, e.g., unirradiated fuels, BU,DU, EU, and LLW.
AssumptionsThe following assumptions are made regarding the development and use of VISION:
• Existing models that satisfy all or part of the expectations and requirementsdescribed in this document will be located and be used if possible.
• Some new development or modification of existing models will be needed tosatisfy all the requirements.
• The model needs to be developed or modified in time to help provide costcomparisons for decisions anticipated in 2007.
• The model will be distributed and used beyond the INL.• The model will be of sufficient quality to pass independent external (external to
the INL) review for compliance with requirements and for technical soundness.
RequirementsThe following section describes the team’s/customer’s requirements for VISION. Theserequirements are divided into six major subject areas. Priority for each requirement isindicated by a 1, 2, or 3 designations.
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thet
ical
dose
from
the
repo
sito
ry(L
TD),
long
-te
rmra
diot
oxic
ity(L
TR),
wea
pons
-usa
ble
inve
ntor
y(W
U)
1V
erif
yag
ains
tspr
eads
heet
calc
ulat
ions
base
don
use
case
s.
1.10
Rad
ioac
tive
Dec
ay
Est
imat
em
ass
(Kilo
gram
,Kg)
lost
thro
ugh
radi
oact
ive
deca
yfo
reac
his
otop
eof
inte
rest
fora
nyst
ocks
with
aho
ldin
gtim
egr
eate
rtha
non
e-
year
fore
ach:
1.M
odel
mod
ule
2.In
vent
ory
atea
chge
nera
tion
ofre
cycl
e3.
Loca
tion
scen
ario
sele
cted
byth
eus
er.
2V
erif
yag
ains
tspr
eads
heet
calc
ulat
ions
base
don
use
case
s.
1.11
Hea
tLoa
dE
stim
ate
the
heat
load
from
mat
eria
lpla
ced
inth
ege
olog
ical
repo
sito
ry.
1V
erif
yag
ains
tspr
eads
heet
calc
ulat
ions
base
don
use
case
s.
-18
-
Eco
nom
icA
naly
sis
Func
tiona
lity
No.
Nam
e D
escr
ipti
on:
Pri
orit
yA
ccep
tanc
e C
rite
ria:
2.1
Faci
lity
Ow
ners
hip
Cos
t
Est
imat
eco
stfo
rrec
ycle
faci
lity
owne
rshi
pop
tions
incl
udin
g:1.
gove
rnm
ent,
2.pr
ivat
e,3.
hybr
id(g
over
nmen
tand
priv
ate)
.R
ecog
nize
that
diff
eren
tfac
ilitie
sha
vedi
ffer
ent"
owne
r"sh
ip.
2V
erif
yag
ains
tspr
eads
heet
calc
ulat
ions
base
don
use
case
s.
2.2
AFC
ICos
tM
odul
es
Inco
rpor
ate
cost
mod
ule
vari
able
sth
atar
eco
nsis
tent
with
the
AFC
IC
ostB
asis
repo
rt.A
bilit
yto
use
mas
sflo
ws,
volu
mes
,was
tefo
rm,
reac
tors
data
,and
spec
ified
mod
elin
gin
puts
toca
lcul
ate
repr
esen
tativ
efu
elcy
cle
cost
sfo
reac
hm
odul
e.
1V
erif
ym
odul
esag
ains
tcur
rent
Func
tiona
l&O
pera
tiona
lR
equi
rem
ents
and
inte
rfac
ere
latio
nshi
psde
fined
inA
FCIC
ost
Bas
is.
2.3
Tota
lCos
tsE
stim
ate
tota
lfue
lcyc
lean
dsy
stem
cost
sin
clud
ing
the
LUE
C,t
hat
incl
udes
fuel
cycl
ean
dre
acto
rsco
sta
perk
Wh
basi
s.1
Ver
ify
agai
nstc
ostd
ata
from
acce
pted
repo
rts
orfr
omE
MW
Gsp
read
shee
tcal
cula
tions
.($
/kW
h)
2.4
Sepa
ratio
nC
ost
Est
imat
eth
ese
para
tion
cost
asa
func
tion
ofdi
ffer
ents
epar
atio
npr
oduc
tcom
bina
tions
.3
Ver
ify
agai
nstc
ostd
ata
from
acce
pted
repo
rts
orfr
omsp
read
shee
tca
lcul
atio
ns.
2.5
Fuel
Fabr
icat
ion
Cos
t
Est
imat
ere
cycl
efu
elfa
bric
atio
nco
st($
/kg)
asa
func
tion
ofke
ypr
oces
sing
para
met
ers
that
can
driv
eco
sts
(e.g
.,fu
elty
pe,
gam
ma
field
,neu
tron
emis
sion
rate
,hea
trat
ean
dfa
cilit
ysi
ze).
3V
erif
yag
ains
tcos
tdat
afr
omac
cept
edre
port
sor
from
spre
adsh
eet
calc
ulat
ions
.
2.6
Fron
t-en
dFu
elC
ycle
supp
lyan
dde
man
d
Inco
rpor
ate
Ura
nium
fron
t-en
dsu
pply
/dem
and
vari
able
san
dre
latio
nshi
psto
enab
lepr
icin
gfu
elco
sts
base
don
sele
cted
mar
ket
cond
ition
s.3
Com
pare
resu
ltsto
sepa
rate
spre
adsh
eeto
rcal
cula
tions
perf
orm
edth
roug
hse
para
teU
rani
umm
odel
.
2.7
Bac
k-en
dFu
elC
ycle
Inco
rpor
ate
vari
able
san
dal
gori
thm
sto
mim
icsi
mpl
ified
func
tiona
lity
ofth
eR
W-T
otal
Syst
emM
odel
(TSM
).3
Com
pare
mod
elin
gre
sults
forp
acka
ging
,tra
nspo
rtat
ion,
and
disp
osal
agai
nstR
W-c
ases
run
with
the
TSM
.
2.8
Faci
lity
Con
vers
ion
Cos
tsE
stim
ate
the
tota
lcos
t($)
toch
ange
the
capa
bilit
ies
ofa
faci
lity,
e.g.
,ch
ange
UO
X-c
apab
lere
acto
rto
aM
OX
and
UO
Xca
pabl
ere
acto
r.3
Tobe
dete
rmin
ed
2.9
Man
ualC
ost
Ove
rrid
esA
llow
the
user
toov
erri
dem
odul
eco
sts
incl
udin
gse
tting
reac
torc
osts
toze
roto
obta
infu
elcy
cle
cost
estim
ates
only
.2
Ver
ify
that
the
inte
rfac
eal
low
sth
eus
erto
over
ride
pres
etm
odul
eco
stal
gori
thm
s.
2.10
Cos
tUnc
erta
inty
Prov
ide
func
tiona
lity
tope
rfor
m(D
PLlik
e)co
stun
cert
aint
yan
alys
isan
dpr
ovid
eTo
rnad
oan
dR
ainb
owdi
agra
ms
ofco
stva
riab
les
that
have
sign
ifica
ntim
pact
son
the
cost
s.2
Ver
ify
that
mod
elpr
ovid
esun
certa
inty
anal
ysis
cons
iste
ntw
ithin
depe
nden
tDPL
calc
ulat
ions
.
-19
-
No.
Nam
e D
escr
ipti
on:
Pri
orit
yA
ccep
tanc
e C
rite
ria:
2.11
Cas
eC
ost
Com
para
bilit
y
Prov
ide
func
tiona
lity
toco
mpa
rein
divi
dual
mod
ules
,tot
alm
odul
es,
and
LUE
Cco
sts
betw
een
mul
tiple
case
san
dpr
ovid
em
eans
toid
entif
ydi
ffer
ence
sin
case
assu
mpt
ions
.1
Eva
luat
ese
para
teca
ses
indi
vidu
ally
.
2.12
Fuel
Cyc
leE
cono
mic
Ana
lysi
s
Prov
ide
capa
bilit
yto
perf
orm
the
was
teflo
wan
alys
isin
depe
nden
tfr
omth
eec
onom
ican
alys
is,w
ithth
eab
ility
totu
rnec
onom
icca
pabi
lity
on/o
ffw
ithou
tinf
luen
cing
the
bala
nce
ofth
em
odel
.1
Ver
ify
func
tiona
lity
totu
rnof
fthe
econ
omic
s.
-20
-
Ana
lysi
sof
Est
imat
esor
Mea
sure
s
No.
Nam
e D
escr
ipti
on:
Pri
orit
yA
ccep
tanc
e C
rite
ria:
3.1
Alte
rnat
ive
Com
pari
son
Dis
play
alte
rnat
ive
stra
tegy
/sce
nari
oin
asi
mpl
eto
com
pare
form
atsu
chas
char
tand
/ort
able
with
diff
eren
ces
calc
ulat
edfo
rall
mod
elva
riab
les.
1
Con
firm
that
the
mod
elin
terf
ace
incl
udes
the
func
tiona
lity
toru
nco
mpa
rativ
esc
enar
ios
and
has
the
abili
tyto
disp
lay
char
tsan
dta
bles
that
listt
here
sults
toal
low
easy
com
pari
son
ofsc
enar
ioou
tcom
es.(
Use
rint
erfa
ce)
3.2
Sens
itivi
tyPe
rfor
mse
nsiti
vity
anal
ysis
ofou
tcom
eva
lues
base
don
sele
cted
/key
inpu
tpar
amet
ers.
Dis
play
the
resu
ltsin
ach
arta
nd/o
rtab
le.
3C
onfir
mth
atth
em
odel
inte
rfac
ein
clud
esth
efu
nctio
nalit
yto
run
sens
itivi
tyan
alys
is.
3.3
Opt
imiz
ea
Scen
ario
Opt
imiz
ese
lect
edou
tput
vari
able
sba
sed
ona
seto
fsel
ecte
din
put
para
met
ers
that
use
aus
ersu
pplie
dob
ject
ive
func
tion(
s).
3C
onfir
mth
atth
em
odel
inte
rfac
ein
clud
esth
efu
nctio
nalit
yto
run
optim
izat
ions
with
user
defin
edob
ject
ive
func
tions
.
3.4
Rea
ctor
Con
stru
ctio
n
Est
imat
ew
hen
reac
tors
are
cons
truc
ted
(fle
etsi
ze)b
ased
onun
satis
fied
elec
tric
ity/H
2/ot
herd
eman
d,re
tirem
enta
geof
exis
ting
reac
tors
,fir
stav
aila
ble
date
forn
ewde
sign
,and
mix
forU
and
TRU
man
agem
ent,
1R
eact
orfle
etsi
zede
term
ined
dyna
mic
ally
base
don
abov
ecr
iteri
a.V
erif
you
tput
agai
nstb
ase
case
sru
nfr
omD
YM
ON
D-U
S.10
-09-
05V
er1.
3.5
Rea
ctor
Num
ber
And
Mix
Est
imat
eth
ere
acto
rnum
bera
ndm
ixba
sed
onto
talu
nsat
isfie
del
ectr
ican
d/or
H2/
othe
rdem
and,
retir
emen
tage
ofex
istin
gre
acto
rs,
first
avai
labl
eda
tefo
rnew
desi
gn,m
ixfo
rUan
dTR
Um
anag
emen
t,1
Ver
ify
reac
torn
umbe
rand
mix
dete
rmin
eddy
nam
ical
lyba
sed
onel
ectr
icde
man
dag
ains
tspr
eads
heet
calc
ulat
ions
.
3.6
Sepa
ratio
nan
dFu
elFa
bric
atio
nC
apac
ity
The
mod
elm
ustb
eab
leto
beru
nw
ithei
ther
unlim
ited
sepa
ratio
nan
dfu
elfa
bric
atio
nca
paci
ty-o
r-w
ithus
er-d
efin
edca
paci
tyin
crem
ents
.1
Ver
ify
repr
oces
sing
capa
city
isde
term
ined
dyna
mic
ally
base
don
need
,uni
tsiz
ean
dtim
eto
cons
truct
agai
nsts
prea
dshe
etca
lcul
atio
ns.
3.7
Dat
aC
onfid
ence
Inte
rval
sPr
ovid
eco
nfid
ence
inte
rval
sfo
rsel
ecte
dou
tput
vari
able
s.2
Ver
ify
mod
elin
gso
ftwar
eha
sca
pabi
lity
toca
lcul
ate
conf
iden
cein
terv
als.
3.8
Rea
ctor
Con
stru
ctio
nba
sed
onB
urn
up
Rea
ctor
fleet
size
dete
rmin
eddy
nam
ical
ly.
Bas
edon
econ
omic
s.(s
uch
asm
ill/k
W-h
rifa
func
tion
ofbu
rnup
,am
ount
tobe
sent
tore
posi
tory
,CO
2cr
edits
,gov
ernm
ente
cono
mic
fact
ors,
anyw
here
inth
esy
stem
,etc
.)co
nsid
erbo
thH
2an
del
ectr
icity
OR
-lin
kw
ithot
her
mod
els
e.g.
NE
RA
C
1R
eact
orfle
etsi
zede
term
ined
dyna
mic
ally
base
don
abov
ecr
iteri
a.V
erif
you
tput
agai
nstb
ase
case
sru
nfr
omD
YM
ON
D-U
S.10
-09-
05V
ersi
on1.
3.9
Rea
ctor
Num
ber
And
Mix
base
don
Bur
nup
Rea
ctor
num
bera
ndm
ixde
term
ined
dyna
mic
ally
base
don
elec
tric
dem
and.
Bas
edon
econ
omic
s..(
(suc
has
mill
/kW
-hri
fafu
nctio
nof
burn
up,a
mou
ntto
bese
ntto
repo
sito
ry,C
O2
cred
its,g
over
nmen
tec
onom
icfa
ctor
s,an
ywhe
rein
the
syst
em,e
tc.)
cons
ider
both
H2
and
elec
tric
ityO
R-l
ink
with
othe
rmod
els
e.g.
NE
RA
C
1V
erif
yre
acto
rnum
bera
ndm
ixde
term
ined
dyna
mic
ally
base
don
elec
tric
dem
and
agai
nsts
prea
dshe
etca
lcul
atio
ns.
-21
-
No.
Nam
e D
escr
ipti
on:
Pri
orit
yA
ccep
tanc
e C
rite
ria:
3.10
Dyn
amic
ally
Cre
ate
Rep
roce
ssin
gC
apac
ity
The
mod
elsh
ould
dyna
mic
ally
crea
tere
proc
essi
ngca
paci
tyba
sed
onne
ed,u
nits
ize,
time
toco
nstr
uct(
forw
ard
proj
ectio
n)an
dal
low
user
defin
edre
proc
essi
ngca
paci
ty.
2V
erif
yre
proc
essi
ngca
paci
tyis
dete
rmin
eddy
nam
ical
lyba
sed
onne
ed,u
nits
ize
and
time
toco
nstru
ctag
ains
tspr
eads
heet
calc
ulat
ions
.V
erify
user
defin
edre
proc
essi
ngca
paci
tyis
avai
labl
e.
-22
-
Gen
eral
Mod
elA
rchi
tect
ure
Ele
men
ts
No.
Nam
e D
escr
ipti
on:
Pri
orit
yA
ccep
tanc
e C
rite
ria:
4.1
Gra
phic
alU
ser
Inte
rfac
eD
evel
opa
Gra
phic
alU
serI
nter
face
(GU
I)fo
rsel
ectio
nof
valu
esof
inpu
tvar
iabl
esan
dus
erse
lect
edop
tions
.3
Con
firm
that
the
mod
elha
sa
user
inte
rfac
eav
aila
ble
that
allo
ws
the
user
tosp
ecif
yin
putp
aram
eter
san
dru
nsc
enar
ios.
4.2
Def
ault
Val
ues
Prov
ide
defa
ultv
alue
sfo
rall
inpu
tvar
iabl
es.
1C
onfir
mth
atin
itial
lyth
atm
odel
inte
rfac
ein
putp
aram
eter
sar
ein
itial
ized
with
defa
ultv
alue
s.
4.3
Mul
ti-di
men
sion
alA
rray
sPr
ovid
eth
eca
pabi
lity
tow
ork
with
upto
asi
x-di
men
sion
alar
ray,
with
am
inim
umof
thre
edi
men
sion
s.1
Ver
ify
that
the
inte
rfac
eha
sac
cept
able
defa
ultv
alue
sat
star
tup
time.
4.4
Inpu
tint
erfa
ce
Mod
elco
uld
beru
n:(a
)thr
ough
GU
I,(b
)inp
utde
ck,
(c)a
tthe
prog
ram
min
g/m
odel
ing
leve
l
1V
erif
yth
atth
eG
UIh
asa
sele
ctab
lein
terf
ace
base
don
tech
nica
lex
pert
ise
orpa
ssw
ord
prof
ile
4.5
Sele
ctIn
appr
opri
ate
Inpu
tW
arni
ngs
Allo
wus
erto
sele
ctth
ele
velo
fwar
ning
fori
napp
ropr
iate
inpu
t.M
odel
can
beru
nw
ith(a
)pre
vent
inap
prop
riat
ein
putv
alue
s,(b
)allo
wbu
twar
n,(c
)war
ning
turn
edof
f.
Ifru
nnin
gin
GU
Imod
e,au
tom
atic
ally
prev
enti
napp
ropr
iate
inpu
tva
lues
.If
runn
ing
in"i
nput
deck
"or
"pro
gram
min
g/m
odel
ing"
leve
l,th
enpr
even
t,w
arn,
no-w
arn
are
allo
ptio
ns.
2V
erif
yth
atth
em
odel
has
sele
ctab
lew
arni
ngfl
ags
onin
put
para
met
ers.
4.6
Rea
ctor
Mix
esA
llow
the
user
tode
fine
the
mix
ofre
acto
rsan
dad
just
the
mix
thro
ugh
time.
1V
erif
yth
atth
ein
terf
ace
allo
ws
the
user
tosp
ecify
the
reac
torm
ix.
4.7
Rea
ctor
Cos
tA
llow
the
user
toin
putr
eact
orco
stor
sett
heco
stto
zero
forf
uelc
ost
estim
ates
only
.2
Ver
ify
that
the
inte
rfac
eal
low
sth
eus
erto
spec
ifyre
acto
rcos
t
4.8
Fuel
"Typ
es"
and
burn
-up
Allo
wth
eus
erto
defin
efu
el"t
ypes
"in
term
sof
reac
tort
ype,
achi
evab
lebu
rnup
,etc
.1
Ver
ify
that
the
inte
rfac
eal
low
sth
eus
erto
spec
ifyfu
elty
pes
inte
rms
ofre
acto
rtyp
e,ac
hiev
able
burn
up.
4.9
Bur
nU
pR
ates
Allo
wth
eus
erto
sele
ctam
ong
disc
rete
valu
esas
soci
ated
with
inpu
t/dis
char
geda
taco
mpo
sitio
nse
ts,e
ach
labe
led
asto
itsbu
rnup
.2
Con
firm
that
the
inte
rfac
eal
low
sth
eus
erto
sele
ctdi
scre
tebu
rnup
rate
sba
sed
onre
acto
r/fu
elty
pes.
-23
-
No.
Nam
e D
escr
ipti
on:
Pri
orit
yA
ccep
tanc
e C
rite
ria:
4.10
Rep
roce
ssin
gTh
roug
hput
Allo
wus
ers
toad
just
inpu
tto
repr
oces
sing
faci
lity
asfu
nctio
nof
fuel
age
(min
imum
).A
llow
asst
rate
gies
(a)o
ldes
tfue
lfir
st.
Inei
ther
case
,als
oal
low
user
tode
term
ine/
inpu
tmin
imum
fuel
age
attim
eof
repr
oces
sing
.(d
efau
ltva
lue
is5
year
s)
1V
erif
yth
atth
ein
terf
ace
allo
ws
the
user
toad
just
repr
oces
sing
thro
ughp
utas
afu
nctio
nof
fuel
age.
4.11
The
Size
/Thr
ough
put
Rat
es
Allo
wth
eus
erto
adju
stth
esi
ze/th
roug
hput
rate
sof
spec
ific
clas
ses
offa
cilit
ies
(mod
ules
).2
Ver
ify
that
the
inte
rfac
eal
low
sth
eus
erto
adju
stth
esi
ze/th
roug
hput
rate
s.
4.12
Mod
esof
Ope
ratio
n
Allo
wth
ree
mod
esof
mod
elop
erat
ion:
(a)U
seri
nput
cont
rols
disc
rete
proc
essi
ngpl
antc
apac
itygr
owth
+di
scre
tere
posi
tory
capa
city
grow
th.
Then
inte
rim
stor
age
isth
efr
eeva
riab
lean
dbo
thpr
oces
sing
plan
tand
repo
sito
ryun
itsi
zes
mus
tbe
inpu
t/def
ault.
(b)U
seri
nput
cont
rols
disc
rete
proc
essi
ngpl
anta
ndin
teri
mst
orag
eca
paci
tylim
it.Th
enre
posi
tory
inve
ntor
yis
the
free
vari
able
.(c
)Use
rinp
utco
ntro
lsin
teri
mst
orag
ean
ddi
scre
tere
posi
tory
.Th
enpr
oces
sing
plan
treq
uire
dis
the
free
vari
able
.
1V
erif
yth
atth
ein
terf
ace
allo
ws
the
user
toru
nth
em
odel
via
the
3m
odes
ofop
erat
ion.
4.13
Loca
tion
Scen
ario
sA
llow
the
user
tose
lect
diff
eren
tloc
atio
nsc
enar
ios
(e.g
.on-
site
proc
essi
ng,r
egio
nal,
natio
nal,
glob
al,o
rfix
ed(e
.g.1
500
mile
s)).
2V
erif
yth
atth
ein
terf
ace
that
allo
ws
the
user
tose
lect
diff
eren
tlo
catio
nsc
enar
ios
(nat
iona
l,re
gion
alor
fixed
).
4.14
Mod
esO
fTr
ansp
orta
tion
Allo
wth
eus
erto
sele
ctdi
ffer
entm
odes
oftr
ansp
orta
tion
fore
ach
mat
eria
lstr
eam
and
the
volu
me
perl
oad
fora
spec
ific
tran
spor
tatio
nm
ode
(i.e
.roa
d,ra
il).
2V
erif
yth
atth
ein
terf
ace
allo
ws
the
user
tose
lect
diff
eren
ttr
ansp
orta
tion
mod
esan
dvo
lum
esfo
rmat
eria
lstr
eam
s.
4.15
Ene
rgy
Out
look
Allo
wus
erto
eith
er:
(a)d
efin
egr
owth
rate
,(b
)use
defa
ultp
roje
ctio
nsu
chas
EIA
,(c
)inp
utda
tafr
omot
herm
odel
s,(d
)dyn
amic
link
with
othe
rmod
els
1V
erif
yth
atth
ein
terf
ace
allo
ws
the
user
tosp
ecify
the
ener
gyde
man
dfr
omei
ther
ade
fined
grow
thra
tefr
oma
vari
ety
ofin
tern
alan
dex
tern
also
urce
s(e
.g.N
EM
S).
4.16
Tim
ing
And
Sequ
enci
ngA
llow
the
user
tode
fine
cert
ain
timin
gan
dse
quen
cing
para
met
ers,
such
as,i
nter
imst
orag
etim
e,re
proc
essi
ngtim
e,et
c.1
Ver
ify
that
the
inte
rfac
eal
low
sth
eus
erto
adju
stth
etim
ing
and
sequ
enci
ngfo
rsys
tem
para
met
ers.
4.17
Sele
ctIn
put
Mat
eria
lsSt
ream
sA
llow
the
user
tose
lect
ford
iffer
enti
nput
mat
eria
lsst
ream
s(e
.g.
fuel
).1
Ver
ify
that
the
inte
rfac
eth
atal
low
sth
eus
erto
spec
ify
diff
eren
tin
putm
ater
ials
trea
ms.
-24
-
No.
Nam
e D
escr
ipti
on:
Pri
orit
yA
ccep
tanc
e C
rite
ria:
4.18
Sele
ctFo
rR
ecyc
led
Stre
ams
Allo
wth
eus
erto
sele
ctfo
rdiff
eren
trec
ycle
dpr
oduc
tstr
eam
sco
min
gou
tofr
ecyc
ling
(MO
X/I
MF/
FR).
1V
erif
yth
atth
ein
terf
ace
allo
ws
the
user
tosp
ecify
diff
eren
trec
ycle
dpr
oduc
tstr
eam
sco
min
gou
tofr
ecyc
ling.
4.19
Load
ing
And
Fuel
Man
agem
ent
Sche
me
Allo
wth
eus
erto
inpu
tthe
load
ing
and
fuel
man
agem
ents
chem
e(h
owm
uch
ofea
chfu
elty
peto
star
tup,
how
muc
hco
re/ta
rget
/bla
nket
repl
aced
each
refu
elin
g,et
c.)f
orea
chre
acto
rtyp
e.1
Ver
ify
that
the
inte
rfac
eal
low
sth
eus
erto
inpu
tloa
ding
and
fuel
man
agem
ents
chem
es(h
owm
uch
ofea
chfu
elty
peto
star
tup,
how
muc
hco
re/ta
rget
/bla
nket
repl
aced
each
refu
elin
g,et
c)fo
reac
hre
acto
rtyp
e.
4.20
Esc
alat
ion
Sche
mes
Allo
wth
eus
erto
inpu
tdiff
eren
tesc
alat
ion
sche
mes
(e.g
.Use
U.S
.D
epar
tmen
tofL
abor
stat
istic
sfo
resc
alat
ion
ofop
erat
ions
cost
s.).
2V
erif
yth
atth
ein
terf
ace
allo
ws
the
user
tosp
ecify
whi
ches
cala
tion
sche
me
tous
e(e
.g.U
SD
epar
tmen
tofL
abor
stat
istic
sfo
resc
alat
ion
ofop
erat
ions
cost
s).
4.21
Inte
rest
Rat
e
Allo
wth
eus
erto
inpu
tdiff
eren
tint
eres
trat
es(e
.g.U
seU
.S.
Dep
artm
ento
fTre
asur
yst
atis
tics
fori
nter
estr
ates
).Se
lect
able
asdi
ffer
entf
ordi
ffer
entc
apita
lpro
ject
s(a
tthe
mod
ule
leve
l)in
fuel
cycl
e,es
p.if
owne
rvar
ies.
2V
erif
yth
atth
ein
terf
ace
allo
ws
the
user
tosp
ecify
whi
ches
cala
tion
sche
me
tous
e(e
.g.U
SD
epar
tmen
tofL
abor
stat
istic
sfo
resc
alat
ion
ofop
erat
ions
cost
s).
4.22
Obj
ectiv
eFu
nctio
nA
llow
the
user
tode
fine
anob
ject
ive
func
tion
that
will
optim
ize
asp
ecifi
cse
tofo
utco
me
para
met
ers
base
don
sele
cted
mod
elpa
ram
eter
s.(s
eeop
timiz
atio
nre
quir
emen
t3.3
).2
Ver
ify
that
the
soft
war
eal
low
sth
eus
erto
defin
ean
dru
nan
obje
ctiv
efu
nctio
nfo
ropt
imiz
atio
n.
4.23
Save
and
retr
ieve
Inpu
tFile
s
Allo
wth
eus
erto
save
and
retr
ieve
inpu
tfile
sto
afil
ena
me
and
loca
tion
ofth
eirc
hoic
ean
dto
reus
eth
esa
ved
file
forl
ater
runs
.O
rcr
eate
inpu
tfile
sfr
omot
hers
ourc
esou
tsid
eof
this
mod
el.
1V
erif
yth
atth
ein
terf
ace
allo
ws
the
user
tosa
ve/r
etri
eve
inpu
tfile
s.
4.24
Gra
phic
alO
utpu
tH
ave
the
abili
tyto
prod
uce
grap
hica
lout
puto
fall
mod
elva
riab
les,
orre
port
s/va
riab
les
from
anav
aila
ble
list(
see
requ
irem
ent4
.25)
asth
eych
ange
thro
ugh
time.
1V
erif
yth
atth
ein
terf
ace
has
the
func
tiona
lity
topr
oduc
ech
arts
/tabl
esof
allm
odel
vari
able
sse
lect
edby
the
user
.
4.25
Sele
ctO
utpu
tsA
llow
the
user
tose
lect
the
num
bera
ndty
peof
outp
utdi
spla
yor
char
tsfr
oman
avai
labl
elis
t.1
Ver
ify
that
the
inte
rfac
eal
low
sth
eus
erto
spec
ifyth
ety
peof
outp
ut(c
hart
s/ta
bles
)for
each
syst
emva
riab
le.
4.26
Flag
Ext
rem
eC
ondi
tions
Flag
outp
utva
riab
les
that
exce
edre
ason
able
cond
ition
s.3
Ver
ify
that
extr
eme
cond
ition
war
ning
mes
sage
sfla
gw
hen
the
mod
elha
sex
ceed
edre
ason
able
cond
ition
s.
4.27
Dri
llD
own
Cap
abili
tyPr
ovid
ehi
gh-l
evel
visu
aldi
spla
ysof
the
mod
elou
tput
that
user
sca
n“d
rill
dow
n”th
roug
hto
incr
easi
ngle
vels
ofde
tail
forc
ausa
ltra
cing
.2
Ver
ify
that
the
inte
rfac
eal
low
sla
yere
dsu
mm
ary
repo
rts
that
allo
wpr
ogre
ssiv
ely
mor
ede
taile
dsu
bre
port
s.
4.28
Tim
eSt
epC
apab
ility
Prov
ide
the
user
the
capa
bilit
yto
adju
stth
etim
elim
itsan
dtim
ein
crem
ents
soth
atus
ers
can
step
thro
ugh
time
toin
terp
rets
yste
mbe
havi
or.
2V
erif
yth
atth
ein
terf
ace
that
allo
ws
the
user
toad
just
time
para
met
ers
and
step
thro
ugh
time
and
view
the
sele
cted
outp
uts.
-25
-
No.
Nam
e D
escr
ipti
on:
Pri
orit
yA
ccep
tanc
e C
rite
ria:
4.29
Save
Out
putF
iles
Allo
wth
eus
erto
save
outp
utfil
esto
afil
ena
me
and
loca
tion
ofth
eir
choi
ce.
2V
erif
yth
atth
ein
terf
ace
allo
ws
the
user
tose
lect
and
stor
esc
enar
ioou
tput
data
.
4.30
Inte
rnal
Con
sist
ency
Che
cks
Prov
ide
mod
elin
tern
alco
nsis
tenc
ych
ecks
topr
even
trun
ning
sim
ulat
ion
case
sth
atar
eno
tphy
sica
llyre
aliz
able
.2
Ver
ify
that
the
mod
elha
sbu
ilt-in
cons
iste
ncy
chec
ksto
prev
ent
unre
alis
ticco
nditi
ons.
4.31
Non
-Lin
ear
Cha
nges
InC
ost
Var
iabl
e
Prov
ide
forn
on-li
near
chan
ges
inco
stva
riab
lesu
chas
mat
eria
lssu
pply
.2
Ver
ify
that
the
mod
elha
sth
efu
nctio
nalit
yto
use
non-
linea
rfu
nctio
nsin
cost
vari
able
s.
4.32
Fuel
Ble
ndin
gPr
ovid
efo
rabi
lity
toac
com
mod
ate
fuel
blen
ding
requ
irem
ents
rela
tive
tosu
pply
and
prod
uctc
onst
rain
tass
umpt
ions
incl
udin
gre
late
din
vent
ory
requ
irem
ents
.3
Ver
ify
that
the
mod
elha
sth
efu
nctio
nalit
yto
blen
dfu
elba
sed
onsu
pply
and
prod
uctc
onst
rain
ts.
4.33
Inte
rfac
ew
ithD
PLso
ftw
are
Prov
ide
anou
tput
file
atth
een
dof
asi
mul
atio
nfr
oma
user
spec
ifie
dtim
est
epth
atca
nbe
used
bya
DPL
softw
are
prog
ram
.1
Ver
ify
that
the
mod
elpr
oduc
esan
outp
utfi
lean
dth
atth
eou
tput
file
can
bere
adby
aD
PLso
ftwar
epa
ckag
e.
4.34
Num
bero
fiso
tope
s
Mod
elm
ustb
eab
leto
trac
kup
to10
0is
otop
es.
Inea
chca
se,t
hech
emic
alel
emen
tand
the
atom
icnu
mbe
r(an
dm
eta-
stab
lest
ate
ifre
leva
nt)m
ustb
edi
ffer
entia
ted.
The
mod
elm
usta
lso
inco
rpor
ate
the
half-
life
ofea
chis
otop
eto
faci
litat
esh
iftin
gbe
twee
nm
ass
units
and
activ
ityun
its.
1V
erif
yth
em
odel
can
hand
lem
ulti-
dim
ensi
onal
arra
ysw
ithup
to10
0el
emen
tsin
adi
men
sion
4.35
On/
Off
Prov
ide
the
user
the
optio
nto
turn
on/o
ffth
eec
onom
ics
calc
ulat
ions
fora
sim
ulat
ion.
1V
erif
yth
atth
ein
terf
ace
allo
ws
the
user
totu
rnth
eec
onom
ican
alys
ison
and
offf
ora
sim
ulat
ion.
4.36
Mis
sing
econ
omic
data
aler
tA
lert
user
sw
hen
econ
omic
orco
stda
tais
nota
vaila
ble
due
toth
esi
mul
atio
nco
nfig
urat
ion
spec
ified
byth
eus
er.
2V
erif
yth
atth
ein
terf
ace
aler
tsth
eus
erw
hen
econ
omic
data
isno
tav
aila
ble
fora
sim
ulat
ion
conf
igur
atio
n.
4.37
Mod
elC
onfig
urat
ion
Prov
ide
high
-lev
elvi
sual
disp
lays
ofth
em
odel
stru
ctur
e(m
odul
elin
ksan
dflo
wse
quen
ces)
that
user
sca
n“d
rill
dow
n”th
roug
hto
incr
easi
ngle
vels
ofde
tail.
2V
erif
yth
atth
em
odel
has
the
func
tiona
lity
todi
spla
yva
riou
sla
yers
ofde
tail
orpo
rtio
nsof
the
mod
el.
4.38
Min
imum
isot
opes
Mod
elm
ustb
eab
leto
hand
le,a
tmin
imum
,the
follo
win
gis
otop
es:
U23
5,U
238,
Np2
37,P
u238
,Pu2
39,P
u24
0,Pu
241,
Am
241.
1V
erif
yth
atth
em
odel
incl
udes
the
follo
win
gis
otop
es:U
235,
U23
8,N
p237
,Pu2
38,P
u239
,Pu
240,
Pu24
1,A
m24
1.
-26
-
No.
Nam
e D
escr
ipti
on:
Pri
orit
yA
ccep
tanc
e C
rite
ria:
4.39
Rep
roce
ssin
gTh
roug
hput
Allo
wus
ers
toad
just
inpu
tto
repr
oces
sing
faci
lity
asfu
nctio
nof
fuel
age
(min
imum
).A
llow
asst
rate
gies
(a)y
oung
estf
uelf
irst
.
Inei
ther
case
,als
oal
low
user
tode
term
ine/
inpu
tmin
imum
fuel
age
attim
eof
repr
oces
sing
.(d
efau
ltva
lue
is5
year
s)
2V
erif
yth
atth
ein
terf
ace
allo
ws
the
user
toad
just
repr
oces
sing
thro
ughp
utas
afu
nctio
nof
fuel
age.
4.40
Fuel
Rec
ipes
The
follo
win
gfu
elty
pes
mus
tbe
incl
uded
inth
em
odel
:
oU
OX
(33,
51,a
nd10
0bu
rnup
)o
MO
X-N
pPu,
one-
pass
oM
OX
-NpP
uAm
,mul
ti-pa
sso
MO
X-N
pPuA
mC
mo
IMF-
NpA
m,o
ne-p
ass
oIM
F-N
pPuA
m,m
ulti-
pass
oIM
F-N
pPu-
Am
targ
ets,
mul
ti-pa
sso
UO
Xto
Con
vert
erFa
stR
eact
oro
MO
X-N
pAm
,one
-pas
sto
Con
vert
erFa
stR
eact
oro
IMF-
NpA
m,o
ne-p
ass
toC
onve
rter
Fast
Rea
ctor
oU
OX
toB
reed
erFa
stR
eact
oro
MO
X-N
pAm
,one
-pas
sto
Bre
eder
Fast
Rea
ctor
oIM
F-N
pAm
,one
-pas
sto
Bre
eder
Fast
Rea
ctor
1V
erif
yth
atth
esp
ecifi
edfu
elty
pes
are
incl
uded
inth
em
odel
.
4.41
Rea
ctor
type
s
The
follo
win
gre
acto
rtyp
esm
ustb
ein
clud
edin
the
mod
el:
oTh
erm
alR
eact
or-l
ight
wat
ero
Fast
Rea
ctor
–co
nver
tera
ndbr
eede
ro
Ther
mal
Rea
ctor
–ve
ryhi
ghte
mpe
ratu
re
1V
erif
yth
atth
esp
ecifi
edre
acto
rtyp
esar
ein
clud
edin
the
mod
el.
4.42
Def
ined
Ene
rgy
Out
look
s
The
follo
win
gen
ergy
dem
and
scen
ario
sfo
rthe
U.S
.sha
llbe
incl
uded
:-0
%an
nual
grow
thra
tein
nucl
eare
nerg
yde
man
d-1
.8%
annu
algr
owth
rate
innu
clea
rene
rgy
dem
and
-3.2
%an
nual
grow
thra
tein
nucl
eare
nerg
yde
man
d
1V
erif
yth
atth
ede
fined
ener
gyou
tlook
sar
eav
aila
ble
fort
heus
erto
sele
ct.
-27
-
No.
Nam
e D
escr
ipti
on:
Pri
orit
yA
ccep
tanc
e C
rite
ria:
4.43
Unl
imite
dC
apac
ity
Exc
eptf
orth
ere
acto
rmod
ules
,all
mod
ules
mus
tbe
able
toru
nw
ith"u
nlim
ited
capa
city
"th
roug
hput
,tha
tis,
subj
ecto
nly
toth
ede
man
dfr
omth
enu
mbe
rofr
eact
ors,
allo
ther
part
sof
the
syst
emar
eun
cons
trai
ned.
Suff
icie
ntur
aniu
mis
min
ed,s
uffic
ient
fuel
isre
cycl
ed,s
uffic
ient
fuel
isfa
bric
ated
,etc
.to
keep
the
spec
ified
num
ber
ofre
acto
rsop
erat
ing.
"Unl
imite
d"flo
wca
nim
ply
com
mod
ityco
stin
g,i.e
.,an
impl
icit
assu
mpt
ion
that
wha
teve
ris
need
edw
illbe
able
tobe
purc
hase
d.
1
Ver
ify
mod
ules
inm
odel
can
beru
nin
anun
cons
trai
ned
(sub
ject
only
toth
ede
man
dfr
omth
enu
mbe
rofr
eact
ors,
i.e.s
uffic
ient
uran
ium
ism
ined
,suf
ficie
ntfu
elis
recy
cled
,suf
ficie
ntfu
elis
fabr
icat
ed,e
tc.)
thro
ughp
utm
ode.
4.44
Lim
ited
Cap
acity
Mus
tals
obe
poss
ible
toru
nm
any
ofth
em
odul
esw
ith“l
imite
dca
paci
ty”
thro
ughp
ut,t
hati
s,th
eth
roug
hput
isco
ntro
lled
byth
eex
iste
nce
(orl
ack
ther
eof)
ofa
disc
rete
num
bero
ffac
ilitie
spr
ovid
ing
agi
ven
func
tion.
“Lim
ited
capa
city
”flo
ww
illge
nera
llyim
ply
cost
ing
onth
eba
sis
ofdi
scre
tepl
ants
.R
eact
orm
odul
esar
eal
way
sru
nin
“lim
ited
capa
city
”m
ode.
Atm
inim
um,f
uelf
abri
catio
nan
dfu
else
para
tion
mus
tbe
able
tobe
run
in“l
imite
dca
paci
ty”
mod
e;ot
hers
will
bede
fined
late
r.Th
elim
ited
capa
city
fora
give
nm
odul
eca
nbe
spec
ified
inon
eof
two
way
s–
user
orau
tom
ated
ora
mix
ture
ther
eof.
•Use
r-de
fined
limite
dca
paci
tym
eans
the
user
mus
tdef
ine
the
num
bero
fpla
nts
with
spec
ified
capa
city
,fac
ility
lifet
ime,
and
faci
lity
capa
city
fact
or.
•Aut
omat
edlim
ited
capa
city
mea
nsth
atth
em
odel
will
defin
eth
ere
leva
ntpa
ram
eter
s.
1
Ver
ify
mod
ules
inm
odel
can
beru
nin
aco
nstr
aine
d(s
ubje
ctto
defin
edca
paci
tyof
disc
rete
faci
litie
ssu
chas
repr
oces
sing
orm
inin
g)th
roug
hput
mod
e.V
erif
yth
eco
nstr
aint
sca
nbe
user
defin
edor
setb
ym
odel
defa
ults
ettin
gs.
-28
-
Har
dwar
e/S
oftw
are
No.
Nam
e D
escr
ipti
on:
Pri
orit
yA
ccep
tanc
e C
rite
ria:
5.1
Com
pute
rTh
em
odel
shou
ldru
non
ast
anda
lone
desk
top
PCor
lapt
opco
mpu
ter
usin
gcu
rren
ttec
hnol
ogy
and
runn
ing
the
MS
Win
dow
sX
Pop
erat
ing
syst
em.
1V
erif
yth
atth
em
odel
runs
onde
skto
psy
stem
s/la
ptop
sus
ing
Win
dow
sop
erat
ing
syst
ems.
5.2
Softw
are
The
mod
elsh
ould
bede
velo
ped
usin
gof
f-th
esh
elfc
omm
erci
also
ftw
are.
1V
erif
yth
atth
eso
ftwar
eus
edto
build
the
mod
elis
com
mer
cial
lyav
aila
ble.
5.3
Tran
spar
ent
Arc
hite
ctur
e
The
mod
elsh
ould
bein
open
sour
ceso
that
anal
ysts
,Sys
tem
sE
ngin
eers
and
proj
ectm
odel
ers
can
mod
ify
the
stru
ctur
ean
dca
lcul
atio
nsw
ithin
the
mod
el.
This
feat
ure
isav
aila
ble
foro
nly
mem
bers
ofth
eA
FCIp
rogr
am.
1V
erif
yth
atth
em
odel
can
bepr
ovid
edto
othe
ruse
rsin
two
mod
es:
one
whe
reth
em
odel
equa
tions
are
acce
ssib
lean
da
seco
ndw
here
the
mod
eleq
uatio
nsca
nbe
view
edbu
tnot
edite
d.
5.4
Non
-Pro
prie
tary
The
mod
elsh
ould
beno
n-pr
opri
etar
y.1
Ver
ify
that
the
soft
war
eha
sno
prop
riet
ary
requ
irem
ents
.
5.5
Dis
trib
utio
nTh
em
odel
shou
ldbe
dist
ribu
ted
ata
min
imal
char
geto
user
s.3
Ver
ify
that
the
softw
are
has
am
inim
alor
noch
arge
ford
istr
ibut
ion.
5.6
Num
bero
fch
arac
ters
No
limit
onnu
mbe
rofc
hara
cter
sin
equa
tion
edito
r.1
Ver
ify
the
mod
elha
sno
limit
onnu
mbe
rofc
hara
cter
sin
equa
tion
edito
r.
5.7
Num
bero
farr
ayel
emen
tsPr
ovid
eca
pabi
lity
foru
pto
500,
000
elem
ents
inan
arra
yw
ithat
leas
t3
dim
ensi
ons
inan
arra
y.1
Ver
ify
the
mod
elha
sca
pabi
lity
foru
pto
500,
000
elem
ents
inan
arra
yw
ithat
leas
t4di
men
sion
sin
anar
ray
5.8
Num
bero
fmod
elel
emen
tsA
ble
toac
com
mod
ate
upto
64,0
00el
emen
tsin
the
mod
el.
1V
erif
yth
em
odel
isba
sed
ona
64bi
torl
arge
rpla
tform
5.9
Lock
edve
rsio
nPr
ovid
ea
lock
ed(e
xecu
tabl
eon
ly)v
ersi
onof
the
mod
elfo
rany
indi
vidu
als
outs
ide
Use
rGro
up1.
1V
erif
yth
ata
lock
edve
rsio
nof
the
mod
elca
nbe
dist
ribut
edan
dth
ata
user
can
notu
nloc
kth
em
odel
orac
cess
the
sour
ceco
de.
5.10
Con
figur
atio
nC
ontro
lD
evel
opan
dim
plem
enta
Soft
war
eM
anag
emen
tPla
nth
atin
clud
esa
conf
igur
atio
nco
ntro
lpro
cess
foro
ffic
ialm
odel
rele
ases
.1
Prep
are
aSo
ftwar
eM
anag
emen
tPla
nan
da
Con
figur
atio
nC
ontro
lPl
anbe
fore
mod
elin
gw
ork
begi
ns.
-29
-
Con
stra
ints
No.
Nam
e D
escr
ipti
on:
Pri
orit
yA
ccep
tanc
e C
rite
ria:
6.1
Con
stra
ints
from
Adv
ance
dF
uel
Cyc
leC
ostB
asis
The
mod
el's
defa
ulta
ndun
cert
aint
yra
nges
will
beco
nsis
tent
with
the
curr
enta
ssum
ptio
nsan
dfo
rmul
as(e
.g.,
unit
cons
iste
ncy,
code
ofac
coun
ts,U
.S.D
olla
ras
the
mon
etar
yst
anda
rd,b
ase
year
fora
llca
lcul
atio
ns,e
tc.)
asde
fined
inth
ecu
rren
tAFC
Cos
tBas
is.
Mod
elco
nstr
aint
sw
illbe
upda
ted
asth
eA
dvan
ced
Fuel
Cyc
leC
ostB
asis
isup
date
d.
1V
erif
yth
atde
faul
tsfo
rinp
uts
and
unce
rtai
nty
rang
esar
eba
sed
ongo
odas
sum
ptio
ns,f
orm
ulas
and
refe
renc
eda
ta.
6.2
Cos
tDat
aU
sese
lect
edco
stda
ta(e
.g.t
hesu
nk,o
pera
tions
and
build
upco
sts
ofre
posi
tory
)dev
elop
edby
RW
.2
Con
firm
that
the
mod
elha
sth
eca
pabi
lity
tose
lect
RW
’sC
ostd
ata.
6.3
YM
PC
onsi
sten
cyPr
esen
tout
putu
nits
cons
iste
ntw
ithth
eY
MP
econ
omic
anal
ysis
soth
enu
mbe
rsca
nbe
com
pare
d.2
Con
firm
that
the
outp
utun
itsar
eco
nsis
tent
with
YM
Pec
onom
ican
alys
isso
that
cros
sco
mpa
riso
nsca
nbe
mad
eea
sily
.
6.4
Tim
eSt
epH
ave
am
inim
umtim
eun
itof
one
mon
than
da
max
imum
time
unit
ofon
eye
ar.
1C
onfir
mth
atth
em
odel
runs
with
atim
est
epof
am
inim
umof
one
mon
than
da
max
imum
ofon
eye
ar.
6.5
Stoc
hast
icPr
ovid
efo
rsto
chas
ticin
puts
fors
elec
ted
vari
able
s.2
Con
firm
that
the
mod
elin
terf
ace
has
the
func
tiona
lity
toal
low
the
mod
elto
use
stoc
hast
icin
puts
fors
elec
ted
vari
able
s.
6.6
Uni
tsA
llun
itsre
port
byth
em
odel
atth
een
dof
asi
mul
atio
nw
illbe
inK
ilogr
ams
(Kg)
.1
Ver
ify
the
mod
elw
illpr
ovid
em
ass
outp
utin
Kilo
gram
s(K
g).
- 30 -
Software QualityThe model identified in this SRS has been evaluated in accordance with the SoftwareManagement procedures of the INL (MCP-550). Based on that evaluation the VISION isclassified as a “Level D” or “Deferrable” software application. The application does notmeet the criteria specified for a higher classification level. Data in the deferrable class, iflost, can affect individual performance, but would not affect INL mission success.Applications in this class have no requirement to be back on-line within a specifiedperiod of time.
Quality DocumentationSoftware classified at a level D requires a minimal Software Management Plan (SMP) becompleted. The following documents will be prepared for this model:
A. Software Management Plan (SMP), which will include:• Software Quality Assurance Plan (SQAP)• Software Configuration Management Plan (SCMP)
B. Software Requirements Specification (SRS)C. Software Platform EvaluationD. Planning and Design Basis (sometimes called a Design description for software or
DDS)E. User documentation
Optional software application documentation that may include a requirements traceabilitymatrix (RTM).
Performance TestingPerformance testing will be in accordance with the software quality assurance plan andthe software test plan. Presentations and publications for external communication usingdata or results from VISION will require peer review before submittal.
Verification and ValidationVerification and validation refers to the process of determining whether the requirementsfor a system or component are complete and correct, the products of each developmentphase fulfill the requirements or conditions imposed by the previous phase, and the finalsystem or component complies with specified requirements. Verification evaluates thesystem or component to determine if it satisfies specified requirements. Validationevaluates the system or component for proof of correctness.
Reference DocumentsShropshire, D.E., K.A. Williams, W.B. Boore, J.D. Smith, B.W. Dixon, M. Dunzik-Gougar, R.D. Adams. 2005. 2005 Advanced Fuel Cycle Cost Basis. Idaho NationalEngineering and Environmental Laboratory, Idaho Falls, Idaho 83415. INEEL/EXT-04-02282 Draft Rev A.
![[IAEA_2009] Nuclear Fuel Cycle](https://img.pdfslide.us/doc/110x75/54f458884a7959a1318b45c3/iaea2009-nuclear-fuel-cycle.jpg)
