Vegetative Organs

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Seed Plant Structure &Function

Seed Plant Overview:

Two basic parts:

1. Shootsystem - above ground andincludes organs such as leaves, buds,stems, flowers, and fruits

2. The root system- below ground and

includes roots as well as modifiedstem structures such as tubers and

rhizomes

Melanie P. Medecilo


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Plant Habit

Herb - plant with annual above-groundparts

Geophyte - perennial herb with

rootstockVine elongate, weak stem

Liana - woody vine

Shrub - woody, multiple stems from baseSubshrub - woody just above ground

Tree - woody, one trunk


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Plant Habitat

1. Terrestrial growing on land

2. Aquatic growing on watera. emersed occuring under water

b. floating occuring at the water

surface

c. emergent having roots or stemsanchored to the substrate under water

and aerial shoots growing above water

3. Epiphytic growing on another plant


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Root SystemRoots have 3 main

functions:

(1)anchor plants

(2) absorb and conductwater & minerals

(3) store food


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root

shoot

root tip

root apicalmeristem

root cap

root hairs

lateral roots

ROOT STRUCTURES


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propfibrous

adventitiousroots

taproot

primaryroot

lateralroot

haustorial

parasite

host

Root Types / Parts

Root Types/Parts


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Tap root

The first root toemerge from themost seeds iscalled the primaryroot or taproot &can grow deep toreach water

Taproots may storefood (carrot &beet)


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storage roots Raphanus sativus, radish

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Root Types/Parts

buttress roots Ficus rubiginosa, rusty-leaved fig

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Root Types/Parts

pneumatophores Avicennia germinans, black mangrove


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Root Types/Parts

prop roots (also adventitious)


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Fibrous roots

Monocots have highlybranched, roots calledfibrous roots that

grow near the surface& spread out to collectwater

Fibrous roots such as

in grasses often helpprevent erosion


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Shoot

Stem + associated leaves


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Stem

S


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Stem typesBulb shoot consists of vertical tissue and a

massive quantity of thick fleshy storage

leavesCorm shoot consist of globose stem tissue

surrounded by scanty, scale-like leaves

Caudex rootstock consist ofundifferentiated but vertically oriented stem

Rhizome stem is horizontal with shortinternodes and bearing scale-like leaves

Tuber shoot consist of thick bearing outerbuds and lacking surrounding storageleaves or protective scales


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Stem (Shoot) Types


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Stem (Shoot) Types


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Stem (Shoot) Types


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Stem (Shoot) Types


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Stem (Shoot) Types


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Stem (Shoot) Types


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Stem (Shoot) Types


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Stem (Shoot) Types


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Stem (Shoot) Types


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Stem (Shoot) Types


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Stem (Shoot) Types


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Stem (Shoot) Types


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Stem (Shoot) Types


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Stem (Shoot) Types


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Stem (Shoot) Types


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Stem (Shoot) Types

St h bit


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Stem habitrelative position of the stem or shoot basedon stem structure, growth and orientation

Caulescent plant with above-ground stem

Acaulescent plant lacking an above-groundstem

Arborescent treelike in appearance and size

Frutescent shrub with numerous, woody, aerialtrunks

Suffrutescent subshrub being woody at the

base and herbaceous apicallyCespitose multiple aerial but short-stemmed

shoots arise from the base, forming a much-

branched cushion


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Stem habit of vines

Clambering (scandent) sprawling acrossobjects without specialized climbing stems

Climbing growing upwards by means of

tendrils, petioles, or adventitious rootsa. prostrate trailing or lying flat not

rooting at the nodes

b. repent creeping or lying flat androoting at the nodes

c. decumbent basally prostrate butapically ascending

Stem Habit


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Stem (Shoot) Types

Stem Habit

=relative position of stem (+ growth, structure)


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Monopodial if the stem axis is derivedfrom growth of a single apical

meristem

Sympodial if the stem axis is made upof numerous units that are derived

from separate apical meristems

Dichotomous a single apicalmeristem divides equally into branches


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Stem Branching Pattern


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LEAVES

Primary photosynthetic organs ofplants

Main site of transpiration

Derived from leaf primordia of the

shoot apex

Dorsiventrally flattened


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Leaf Type / Parts


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Leaf Type / Parts


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Leaf Type / Parts


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Leaf Type / Parts


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Leaf Type / Parts


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Leaf Type / Parts


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Leaf Type / Parts


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Leaf Type / Parts


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Leaf Type / Parts


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Leaf Type / Parts


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Leaf Type / Parts


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Leaf Type / Parts


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Leaf Type / Parts


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Leaf Type / Parts


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Leaf Type / Parts


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Leaf Type / Parts


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Leaf Type / Parts


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Leaf Type / Parts


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Leaf Attachment


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Leaf Attachment


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Leaf Attachment


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Leaf Attachment


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Leaf Attachment


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Leaf Attachment


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Leaf Attachment


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Leaf Attachment

Leaf Venation


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Leaf Venation


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References

Mader, S. 2008. Biology 9th

edition. McGraw Hill Book

Company, U.S.A.Simpson, M. 2010. Plant

Systematics. Elsevier Press,USA.

Documents

Vegetative Organs