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conspicuous consumption, leisure class
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Thornstein Bunde Veblen
(1857-1929)
Main topics to be discussed upon•The life and times of Veblen –How could
he survive among “savages”?•His main contributions in economics and
beyond•Understanding the sensational “Theory of
the Leisure class”•Relevance of Veblen’s ideas in today’s
world—how farfetched his vision was?
WHO WAS THORNSTEIN VEBLEN? Born in Minnesota (1857-1929) from a Norwegian
family—strongly influenced his vision and later his work the view from an “outsider” appreciation of the natural habitat Alienated from society—influenced his personality as well
PROFFESIONAL BACKGROUND Studied at Carleton College Academy The faculty recognized his genius, but was a bit afraid of
him! Graduated from Yale in 1884 Could not found a job; Isolated for 7 years only reading Professor at Chicago University A “rebel” economist (sociologist) of the left.
Fact: He gave all his students the same grade regardless of their work! He gave A’s to students who wanted to qualify for scholarship!
HIS SAVAGE WORLD 19th century America- brutal capitalism, the
time of Rockefeller-a time to be looked upon with blush
Money---the stepping stone to social recognition in America, the ticket for entering the high class
Morality (and law) had no place among the “savages”—Social Darwinism
Industrialization was in full throttle.
HOW COULD AN ISOLATED MAN GET “INVOLVED” IN THE BUSINESS SYSTEM? Interested not with economic play, but with
the players. Not interested with the plot, but with a whole
set of customs around that system. His examination of society through
observation.
Founding father of American Institutionalism school of thought
Economics as an evolutionary science
NEW PATHS TO INSTITUTIONALISM EVOLUTIONARY ECONOMICS.
Why an institutionalist?-the attempt to analyze human behavior within an institution with certain rules & norms (in this case economic institution).
Evolutionary (applied Darwinian's methodology).
He considered to have no real “followers” due to ever changing contexts (institutional level)
Wesley Mitchell—his student—distinguished economist on business cycles
THEORY OF THE LEISURE CLASS-HIS SENSATIONAL WORK (1899) A criticism to the leisure class of 19th century
America. Status= an elevator to social position (instead
of class). Emulation-deep-seated motive that drove
individuals to seek invidious comparisons with other.
Insight into the origins of social stratification.
What motivated people to behave as such? Rationality ?(as classics would have suggested)
Veblen trusted more the irrationality of people to play a bigger role given the times he lived
ADVERTISING OF THE SOCIAL POSITION Status not directly linked with wealth, but
how well was put on display. Conspicuous Leisure-non productive consumption of
time, to show they are exempt from undignified work. Conspicuous Consumption- purchase of excessive and
expensive goods as a mark of prowess and perquisite of human dignity People’s tastes and definitions of beauty are a
product of the “expensiveness of the articles” Needs or wants?—standard of living turned into
habits
Status in the community will be judged increasingly by appearances and not by the skills obtained during leisure time.
WERE IS VEBLEN NOW THAT WE NEED HIM? Veblen—pioneer in
environmental sociology Ecological aspects of
capitalism Sustainable
development ?? Social & Environmental
cost of capitalism Relevance nowadays:
environmental crisis
“THE ENGINEERS AND THE PRICE SYSTEM”—THE PROVOCATIVE, ALMOST HERETIC, WORK The businessman is no longer the engine
of economic progress (Adam Smith’s idea), but a saboteur of the system (Veblen’s idea).
Fascinated with technology and machine, economic progress=mechanical.(contrary to Marx who was fascinated with the value of labor)
The need for technicians and engineers (Marx-the capital belong to the labor).
Engineers admired the leisure class, wanted to emulate them, hence, no revolution contrary to Marx.
THE “MISFIT” OF THE BUSINESSMAN Businessman-interested in money-making. Engineers-interested in making goods using
machinery.
Businessman had no function to perform, thus he belonged to the leisure class=the need to accumulate and consume.
How did the businessman fit into this scheme?- Credit, loans, and capitalization=opportunities for profits.
Businessman=predators=still admired==hence social stability
WHY THE CAPITALISTS ARE STILL PRESENT? Where did Veblen go wrong?
Underestimated the capacity of a democratic system to correct its own excesses
Social accountability of the businessmen for his act
Creative workmanship (due to changing business climate) instead of cold, machine-attached workmanship
WHAT WOULD VEBLEN SAY IF HE WAS STILL ALIVE? Women’s clothes-still more focused on
fashion rather than functionality.
People forcing themselves to like fancy things(distortion of preferences).
Decorative books
Animal Fur Clothes for embellishment.
Xhensila’s pen, :P
CONCLUDING REMARK
Who is that much rich to buy expensive, fancy and luxurious goods? MANY
Who is that much rich to buy valuable time spent with their beloved? FEW
We can all live gentler and simpler if we read and understand Veblen.