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Electromagnetism – Magnetism

266

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(b) (a)

Variable Gap MagnetEM-8641

A Variable Field Strength (70 - 7500 Gauss)

A Great for Induction Experiments

PASCO’s Variable Gap Magnet demonstrates difficult ideas such as force on a current-carrying wire, eddy currents, paramagnetism and diamagnetism. Vary the pole separation of this ultra strong lab magnet to provide field strengths from 0.007 to 0.75 Tesla (70 to 7500 Gauss). It’s a strong, general purpose lab magnet convenient for experiments in magnetic induction.The neodymium magnets are plastic-coated to prevent chipping. The heavy-duty iron base is stable in four different freestanding positions and also mounts on standard 12.7 mm (1/2 in.) rods.

Neodymium Magnets3/4-inch diameter on an iron base. Field strength can be adjusted between 70 and 7500 Gauss.

Adjustment ScrewsGap can be varied between 0.5 cm and 8.9 cm.

Versatile Iron BaseMay be used in four freestanding positions or mounted on a threaded rod.

Flat Pole PiecesSupplied to provide a more uniform field when needed.

The Variable Gap Magnet may be used in 4 different freestanding positions as well as on a stand.

Upright Upside Down On Side

OnEnd

Upright Upside Down On Side

OnEnd

Upright Upside-down

On side

On end

Variable Gap Magnet ...................................................................................................................................... EM-8641 (Includes Variable Gap Magnet with Pole Pieces)

Magnetic Demonstration System .................................................................................................. EM-8644A (Includes EM-8641 and EM-8642A, shown below)

Magnetic Force Accessory .............................EM-8642A

Required:

Power Supply (18 V DC, 5A) .....................SE-9720A p. 279

or

Mini-Generator ..............SE-8645 p. 270

Base and Support Rod ................................................ME-9355 p. 213

Magnetic Force AccessoryEM-8642A

1. Magnetic Damping Swing the solid aluminum paddle

through the gap and it stops dead, the motion damped due to eddy currents. Now try the slotted paddles. One swings freely while the other is immediately damped.

2. Diamagnetism and Paramagnetism Diamagnetic and paramagnetic rods are

placed in the strong magnetic field of the Variable Gap Magnet.

The Magnetic Force Accessory includes items required to perform three demonstrations with the Variable Gap Magnet:

3. Force on a Current-Carrying Wire Swing the wire through the gap and detect

the induced EMF with a galvanometer. Or, pass a current through the wire and watch it move in the magnetic field.

The diamagnetic glass rod (figure a) aligns transverse to the field; the paramagnetic (figure b) aluminum rod aligns with the field.

Includes:Three aluminum paddles (solid, slotted, closed slotted)Glass rodAluminum rodWire swingSpecial mounting rod

Electromagnetism – Motors

267

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AC/DC Motor Accessory ................................. SE-8657 Required:Function Generator.................................. PI-8127 p. 284 orScienceWorkshop 750 with Power Amplifier .................................... p. 68-70Variable Gap Magnet ......................................... EM-8641 p. 266 Basic Coil Set ....................... SF-8616 p. 272

Permanent Magnet Motor .........................................SE-8658A

Required:

Function Generator..............................PI-8127 p. 284 or

ScienceWorkshop 750 with Power Amplifier .................................p. 68-70

The SE-8657 Motor Accessory is an electromagnet designed as an armature that will rotate when placed in a magnetic field and connected to an AC or DC power supply. The Motor Accessory can transform:

A The EM-8641 Variable Gap Magnet into a DC and a synchronous AC motor and generator. Students can explore the relationships between motor speed, voltage and AC frequency, as well as armature direction, rotation and polarity.

A The SF-8616 Coils and Cores Set into a universal motor. Students learn the relationships between current and magnetic field direction the effects of voltage, AC current frequency and DC voltage changes on motor speed.

ExperimentsAll experiments with the Motor Accessory can be performed with either a Digital Function Generator or with the ScienceWorkshop 700 or 750 Interface and the Power Amplifier.

The SE-8658A Permanent Magnet Motor teaches principles involved in the operation of DC and synchronous AC motors, as well as AC and DC power generation.

Open construction permits students to trace the wiring and relate motor performance to basic laws of electromagnetism. A few seconds and no additional parts are required to reverse the armature and change from a DC split-ring commutator to AC slip rings. Powerful ceramic field magnets and ample windings give excellent performance with minimal current.

ExperimentsThis motor will operate with simple flashlight cells or a function generator/amplifier, but it is designed to take advantage of the features of DataStudio. Photogates can measure the motor’s speed as frequency, voltage and current are varied. Powering the motor with the CI-6552A Power Amplifier permits control from the computer keyboard.

Motor Accessory with the SF-8616 Coils and Cores Set

AC/DC Motor (Accessory to Variable Lab Magnet)SE-8657

Permanent Magnet MotorSE-8658A

Induction WandEM-8099

The Induction Wand is a rigid pendulum with a coil at the bottom end, connected to the banana terminals at the other end. A through-hole allows the pendulum to be connected to a Rotary Motion Sensor (pages 26, 74 (not included)), for detailed investigations of induction, as the coil is swung through a magnetic field.

The energy of the pendulum decreases with each pass of the coil through the magnet. The energy dissipated in the resistor is obtained from the area under a power versus time plot. For more information, see page 390.

Includes:Wand with screwResistive load

Induction Wand .............................................EM-8099

Includes:ArmatureBrushesMounting Rod

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Electromagnetism – Generators

268

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Energy Transfer – GeneratorET-8771A

A Transfers gravitational potential energy to electrical energy

A Open design: 19 mm neodymium magnet can be seenspinning between the two Coils

A Real-Time computer measurement of output power

PASCO’s Energy Transfer Generator dem-onstrates the conversion of gravitational potential energy into electrical energy as a falling weight turns a magnet between two coils. The open design permits easy identification of the essential parts of the generator. The supplied lamp or load resis-tor can be plugged into the output banana jacks. A Voltage/Current Sensor can be used to measure the generated current, voltage and power.

By wrapping the string around different sized steps on the three-step pulley, the genera-tor will spin at different speeds. The smaller the pulley radius, the slower the weight falls and the greater percentage of the potential energy is converted to electrical energy.

The AC power generated by spinning the shaft by hand easily lights the included red-green LED. The LED goes from red to green, indicating the direction of the current.

The built-in rod clamp is used to mount the generator on a rod stand.

Energy Transfer –Flywheel AccessoryET-8773

The Flywheel Accessory is attached to the Generator (ET-8771) See photo below left, to demonstrate the storage of rotational kinetic energy. The solid aluminum disk (6.3 cm diameter, 80 g mass) keys into the shaft of the Generator to prevent slipping. A thread attached to a hanging weight easily wraps around the built-in pulley.

ET-8773 Flywheel Accessory has a built-in pulley and a spiral pattern on the label to show rotational motion.

Transparent CaseRod Clamp

Three-Step PulleyPower Output

Magnet

Coil

Includes:Generator with three-step pulleyRed-Green LED mounted on plug100-ohm load resistor mounted on plugSpool of thread

EnergyTransfer–FlywheelAccessory..............................ET-8773

Required:

Energy Transfer – Generator .....ET-8771A

EnergyTransfer–Generator......................................ET-8771A

Recommended:

Flywheel Accessory ..........ET-8773

Hydro Accessory ..................ET-8772 p. 269

Hooked Mass Set ................SE-8759 p. 223

Large Rod Base ......................ME-8735 p. 212

Steel Rod (90 cm) ................ME-8738 p. 212

No Bounce Pad .......................SE-7347 p. 220

Required for use with PASPORT:

Voltage/Current Sensor ................................................PS-2115 p. 48

Energy Transfer – Generator GearingET-8775

Use the Generator Gearing with the Energy Transfer – Generator to create a measurable power output with a few turns of the hand. Simply connect the gearing to the same rod stand as the generator and stretch the drive belt over the two pulleys. Use the LED on the generator or voltage and current sensors to monitor the output.

Includes:Generator Hand Crank DiscBuilt-in Rod ClampDrive Belt (2)

As the hanging mass falls, rotational kinetic

energy is stored in the flywheel,

and converted to electrical energy.

Shown using optional ET-8773

Flywheel

EnergyTransfer–GeneratorGearing.................................. ET-8775

Required:

Energy Transfer – Generator ..... ET-8771A

Large Base and Support Rod .... ME-9355

Recommended for use with PASPORT:

Xplorer or Xplorer GLX ......................p. 10-18

Voltage/Current Sensor.......................PS-2115

Electromagnetism – Generators

269

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Energy Transfer – Hydro AccessoryET-8772

The Hydro Accessory is used with the Energy Transfer-Generator (ET-8771) to demonstrate how falling water generates electricity. The gravitational potential energy of the water is con-verted into electrical energy as the falling water turns the turbine. The water can be supplied using the optional Water Reservoir (ME-8594). The water that has passed through the turbine is caught in a beaker and measured to determine the total mass that has fallen.The water nozzle size and angle can be adjusted to optimize performance. By changing the height of the Water Reservoir, different efficiencies are achieved.

A Demonstrates Hydroelectric Power Generation

A Open Design Gives View of Spinning Turbine and Water Stream

A Falling Water Lights an LED

Energy Transfer – Wind TurbineET-8783

Attach this clear propeller to the Energy Transfer – Generator for a complete wind energy turbine. Students will better understand the process of electrical energy production from wind after using the turbine.

Power data as water falls from the reservoir through the turbine.

EnergyTransfer–HydroAccessory................................................................................................ ET-8772

Required:

Energy Transfer – Generator .................................................................................................................. ET-8771A

Recommended:

Water Reservoir ...................................................................................................................................................... ME-8594 p. 221

Large Rod Base ....................................................................................................................................................... ME-8735 p. 212

Steel Rod (90 cm) ................................................................................................................................................. ME-8738 p. 212

Three-Finger Clamp .......................................................................................................................................... SE-9445 p. 214

1000 ml Beaker (6 pack) ............................................................................................................................... SE-7288 p. 221

Includes:Fan and mounting hardware

Includes:Turbine housingPlastic turbine (4 cm diameter)Water nozzles (5)Tubing (2-meter long)Plastic hose clampScrew driver for attaching Hydro Accessory to Generator

Power generated by the Wind Turbine is measured using the Xplorer GLX, and the wind speed is measured using the PS-2174 Weather/Anemometer Sensor (see page 62). The resulting data, in the graph below, shows that power generated by a wind turbine, depends on the cube of the wind speed.

EnergyTransfer–WindTurbine.............................................ET-8783Required:Energy Transfer – Generator......................................................ET-8771A

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Electromagnetism – Generators

270

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Mini Generator .......................................SE-8645

Mini Generator Experiment Manual ..........................SE-8646

Recommended:

Capacitor (1 Farad ) ..........................SE-8626

Light Bulb and Stand .....................EM-9099

Replacement Bulb #50, 7.5 V, 0.22 A

Hand-Crank Generator .........................................................EM-8090 Recommended: Series/Parallel Circuit .............................................................EM-8677 p. 254

Mini GeneratorSE-8645

The Mini Generator produces up to 6 volts DC for basic experiments in electricity, electromagnetism and electrolysis. It replaces the usual power supply with a device that students can see, operate and understand.

SE-8645 Mini Generator with the recommended accessories: EM-9099 Light bulb and Stand SE-8626 1 Farad Capacitor

Hand-Crank GeneratorEM-8090

A Heavy-Duty geared generator

A Durable aluminum crank arm withfree-turning plastic handle

A Output up to 25 Watts

This generator produces up to 12 Volts with a sturdy handle, designed to be cranked by hand. When used to power the light bulbs on the Series/Parallel Circuit board (sold separately), students can feel the difference in effort required for lighting one bulb, two bulbs or no load.

Motor/Generator Kit ..........CI-6513

Required:

Voltage Sensor...........................CI-6503 p. 79

Hooked Mass Set ...................SE-8759 p. 223

Power Amplifier ........................CI-6552A p. 70

750 Interface ....................................................................p. 68

Motor/Generator KitCI-6513

Investigate the efficiency of electrical to mechanical energy conversion as the motor lifts a hanging mass. The precision DC motor is coupled to a ball-bearing windlass by a 10:1 mechanical advantage belt drive. The motor will lift masses up to 1.5 kg.The Motor/Generator can be powered with most DC power supplies, however it is designed for use with the Power Amplifier (CI-6552A) and a Voltage Sensor.

Includes:Precision DC Motor

Low Friction Pulley/Drive System

Sturdy Base with Built-in Table Clamp

Input power and energy for the motor are compared to the output power and energy for the generator.

Motor/Generator shown with optional photogate to measure the rotational speed.

Electromagnetism – Induction

271

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Specifications

Voltage: 120 VAC, 60 Hz, not available for 220 VACFuse: 8 A max. temp. 60 °CAluminum Ring: 2.2 cm IDLauncher Dimensions: 12 x 18 x 30 cm

Includes a coil with a bulb that lights by induction when the coil is placed over the launcher core. Also includes three additional rings: one split aluminum ring that will not launch, one copper ring to show the effect of changing materials and one shorter aluminum ring with higher resistance to show that it will not go as high because of decreased induced current.

Ring Launcher AccessoriesEM-8662

Ring LauncherEM-8661

Lighting a bulb connected to a coil by induction. The coil and bulb are included in the Ring Launcher Accessories (EM-8662).

Iron Core

Coil

Power Indicator Light

Overheat Light

Aluminum Ring

Launch Switch

Rod Clampis attached to the back for attaching to a ring stand

Ring Launcher design ideas contributed by Carl Schneider and John Ertel from the U.S. Naval Academy.

Ring Launcher Accessories .................................................EM-8662 Ring Launcher.........................................EM-8661

A Shoots Ring 2 Meters HighA Improved Design with Thermal ShutoffA Inexpensive, Classic Demonstration

Includes:Coil with light bulb

Split aluminum ring

Short aluminum ring

Copper ringThe PASCO Ring Launcher has been optimized to launch the ring higher and maximize safety by enclosing all wiring inside the case. A thermal shutoff switch protects the coil by preventing overheating when the momentary launch switch is held down for a prolonged time. A red light indicates when the thermal switch is activated, and further launches are prohibited until the device cools.

In this classic demonstration of electro-magnetic induction, an aluminum ring is propelled straight up a maximum distance of two meters. The changing magnetic field from the AC powered coil causes a changing magnetic flux through the aluminum ring. The induced EMF in the ring sets up a current which produces a magnetic field. The induced magnetic field opposes the field of the coil, pushing the ring up.

Even though the fields are AC, and changing directions at 60 Hz, the two fields are (nearly) always 180˚ out of phase due to the induction of the ring.

Includes:Ring Launcher

Aluminum Ring (2)

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Electromagnetism – Coils

272

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Coils and Cores

These high-quality coils and laminated iron cores provide an effective introduction to electromagnetic theory. Purchase them individually or as a complete set. The coils are color-coded and each coil is labeled with the number of turns and the direction of the winding. Use them to investigate:

Electromagnetism: Show how the magnetic field can be increased by increasing the current, by adding an iron core or by using a coil with more turns.

Induction: Pass a magnet through a coil and detect the resulting electromotive force (EMF) with a galvanometer. Show how the EMF depends on the number of turns in the coil and on the relative velocity of the magnet and coil.

Transformers: Mount coils onto the U-or E-shaped iron cores to demonstrate mutual inductance and transformer theory. Then connect a load to investigate power transfer. Investigate basic transformer theory with an AC power supply and a voltmeter. Advanced principles require a high power output function generator (Model PI-9587C or PI-9598) and an oscilloscope. For better experiments and demonstrations, use a computer with PASCO’s ScienceWorkshop Interfaces.

Using the signal generator capability of the 750 Interface and oscilloscope display of DataStudio, students can investigate transformer theory.

Basic Coil Set SF-8616

Complete Coil Set SF-8617

SF-8616 Basic Coil Set SF-8617 Complete Coil Set

Primary and Secondary Coils ................................................................SE-8653

Transformer theory can be studied with this set of nested coils consisting of an outside coil (length = 11 cm) having 2920 turns, an inner coil (length = 12 cm) having 235 turns, and a removable 0.96 cm diameter soft iron core. The outer coil is large enough (inner diameter = 2 cm) to drop a bar magnet (SE-8604, page 277) through to demonstrate induction.

Air Core SolenoidSE-7585

Primary and Secondary CoilsSE-8653

Air Core Solenoid ..................................................................................................SE-7585

This air core solenoid has an inner diameter of 5.5 cm and a length of 14.5 cm, allowing ample room to insert an experimental apparatus into its uniform magnetic field. The maximum current of 5 A produces a 125 Gauss magnetic field.

Basic Coil Set Complete Coil Set SF-8616 SF-8617

1 1

2 2

1 1

- 1

- 1

1 1

- 1

Individual PartsModel Description

SF-8609 Coil (200 turn)

SF-8610 Coil (400 turn)

SF-8611 Coil (800 turn)

SF-8612 Coil (1600 turn)

SF-8613 Coil (3200 turn)

SF-8614 U-shaped core

SF-8615 E-shaped core

Basic Coil Set .....................................................................SF-8616 Complete Coil Set ........................................................SF-8617 Individual parts sold separately (See chart, above right)

Electromagnetism – Coils

273

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4

3

2

1

5

Field and Detector Coils

1. EM-6711 Field Coil: 200 turns of #22 copper wire, 18.6 cm ID, 22.1 cm OD. Max. current 2 A.

2. EM-6723 500 turns of #22 copper wire. Max current 2 A.3. EM-6712 Detector Coil (400 turn): 400 turns of #28 copper wire.4. EM-6713 Detector Coil (2000 turn): 2000 turns of #36 copper wire.5. EM-6714 Bi-color LED Indicator.

For details of experiments using these coils, see Christopher C. Jones, Faraday’s Law Apparatus for the Freshman Laboratory. Am. J. Phys. 1987; 55(12):1148-1150.

Developed for Workshop Physics® activities

Field Coil (200 turn) ............................................................................ EM-6711 Field Coil (500 turn) ............................................................................ EM-6723 Detector Coil (400 turn)................................................................. EM-6712 Detector Coil (2000 turn) ............................................................. EM-6713 LED Indicator .............................................................................................. EM-6714 Recommended:Variable Gap Magnet ........................................................................ EM-8641 p. 266 ScienceWorkshop 750 Interface .................................................................................p. 68orLow Voltage AC/DC Power Supply .................................. SF-9584B p. 280 and: Function Generator ............................................................................. PI-8127 p. 284

FeaturesVerify Faraday’s Law: Verify all aspects of Faraday’s Law.

Qualitative Demonstration: With the EM-6714 Bi-Color LED Indicator and the EM-8641 Variable Gap Magnet, students can see when a current is induced in the detector coil. With the LED indicator plugged into a detector coil, the LED flashes red or green as the detector coil passes through the magnet.

Quantitative Demonstration: PASCO’s coils can be used with a function generator and an oscilloscope, or connected to the ScienceWorkshop 750 Interface.

This plot shows the magnetic field strength along the axis of Helmholtz coils for three different coil separations: the green data is the magnetic field with the coils separated at the proper distance (the radius of the coils).

Helmholtz CoilsEM-6722 with 200-turn CoilsEM-6724 with 500-turn Coils

The Helmholtz Coils consist of two coils mounted on a base to provide a uniform magnetic field between the coils. The base has a slot that allows the coils to be spaced apart at any distance from 3 cm to 20 cm (center-to-center distance). The proper separation for Helmholtz coils (i.e., the radius of the coils) is marked on the base. Two 0.635 cm (0.25 inch) diameter holes between the coils accommodate mounting devices in the uniform magnetic field.

Helmholtz Coils (200-turn Coils) ......................................................EM-6722 Helmholtz Coils (500-turn Coils) ......................................................EM-6724 Helmholtz Coil Base (without coils) ...........................................EM-6715

A 5 volt triangle wave (red trace) is applied to the Field Coil, and the induced voltage in the 2000 turn Detector Coil is a square wave (green trace).500-turn

Coil200-turn Coil

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Electromagnetism – Force on Current-Carrying Wires

274

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12

3

3

4

Basic Current Balance .......................................SF-8607

Required:

Ohaus Balance ..................SE-8725 p. 222

Power Supply .....................SF-9584B p. 280

Base and Support Rod .........................ME-9355 p. 213

Recommended:

Basic Digital Multimeter.........SE-9786A p. 281

Tesla Meter ............................SF-7579 p. 277

Current Balance Accessory Kit ............................................SF-8608

With the SF-8607 Basic Current Balance, students can perform quantitative investigations into the force between a current-carrying wire and a magnetic field. Vary the wire length (L), the current (I), and the magnetic field (B), and then measure the resulting force (F).

Add the SF-8608 Current Balance Accessory Kit, and students can also determine how the angle (θ) between the wire and the magnetic field affects the force. With this addition, all the relevant variables can be analyzed:

Fm = ILBsinθ

The Basic Current BalanceOne to six magnets are mounted on an iron yoke, which is placed on a gram balance. A conductor is suspended between the magnets. The weight of the magnets and yoke is measured, then a current (0-5 A) is passed through the conductor. The change in the reading of the balance (0-4 grams) measures the force between the conductor and the magnetic field.

Basic Current BalanceSF-8607

SF-8607 Basic Current Balance: measuring the force on a current-carrying wire in a magnetic field.

1. Iron Yoke (holds magnets)2. Removable Magnets (six)3. Six Conductors (1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 8 cm in length)4. Mount (for holding/positioning conductors)

A Measure Force vs. Current, Wire Length, Magnetic Field and Angle

A Use a Gram Balance to Measure Force

Six conductors of different lengths are provided and can be easily changed while main tain ing a repeatable position with respect to the magnetic field. The mag net ic field is pro por tion al to the number of magnets used.

Includes:Fixed Magnet with Yoke10-turn Rectangular Coil

The Current Balance Ac ces so ry Kit completes the Basic Current Balance, allowing the angle between the conductor and the magnetic field to be varied. The experiment is the same as with the Basic Current Balance, but a 10-turn rectangular coil is used. The coil can be turned through a full 180°, and a built-in degree scale lets students accurately measure the angle between the coil and the field of the fixed magnet.

The Current BalanceAccessory KitSF-8608

Includes:

Eddy Current RodsSE-7361

Eddy Current Rods ............................SE-7361

This dramatic demonstration uses falling ring-shaped neodymium magnets to create eddy currents in four rods of differing materials. Due to the difference in conductivity of the rods, the magnets fall at different rates. The demonstration is performed by turning the apparatus upside down and can be repeated by continuing to invert the apparatus. The 15-cm long rods are made of (in order of decreasing conductivity) copper, aluminum, brass, plastic.

Electromagnetism – Magnetic Levitation

275

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Magnetic Levitation Demonstration ............................................................................................................................... SE-7339

Includes:A sealed unit (10 cm high) of high purity diamagnetic graphite plates, a gold-plated rare earth levitating magnet and adjustable field magnets.Clear plastic plates (2), Hex key, Complete Manual

Magnetic Levitation DemonstrationSE-7339

A Demonstrate Magnetic LevitationA Shipped Ready for Display

FeaturesVisually Appealing: Clear plastic bell housing is viewable from 360 degrees.No Setup: Shipped ready to display. Only a minor finger-tight adjustment of the hex nut may be necessary.Easy to Use: Adjust the hex nut manually. No tools necessary to levitate the cube. A hex key is supplied for reassembling the device or making precise measurements.Complete Manual: Ships with a detailed manual including a theoretical explanation, disassembly/reassembly instructions and an experiment with illustrated instructions.

How it WorksThe force of earth’s gravity pulls the cube magnet downward. Simultaneously, the ceramic ring magnets exert an upward force. Two diamagnetic graphite plates, one above and below, repel either pole of the cube, creating a stable equilibrium.

Magnetic Levitation AccessoryEM-8947

Eddy currents are produced as the aluminum disk spins, creating a magnetic field that repels the magnet. Amount of lift varies with angular velocity of disk.See page 191 for more information.

A Determine Lift and Drag Forces on a Permanent Magnet Suspended Over a Spinning Aluminum Disk

Includes:Aluminum DiskArm Assembly45 cm Aluminum RodManual (not shown)

Magnetic Levitation Accessory .......................................................................................................... EM-8947

Required:

Rotating Platform ................................................................................................................................................. ME-8951 p. 188 Lenz’s Law Demonstrator .............................. MG-8600

Lenz’s Law DemonstratorMG-8600

Drop a mass through the 1.5 meter tube. It takes about half a second to drop. Then drop a magnet with an identical mass. It takes over 10 times as long to fall. As the magnet falls, it generates a current in the tube, moving in one direction above the magnet and in the opposite direction below. Both currents obey Lenz’s Law and induce magnetic fields that oppose the magnet’s motion. (Scale included).

1.5

met

er tu

be

Aluminum DiskEddy currents are produced as the aluminum disk spins, creating a magnetic field that repels the magnet. Amount of lift varies with angular velocity of disk.

Rotating PlatformSold separately.

Motor DriveSold separately.High Resolution

Force SensorSold separately.

Neodymium Magnet

PhotogateSold separately.

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Electromagnetism – Magnetic Fields

276

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3-D Magnetic Field Demonstrator ..................SE-8603 Recommended:Bar Magnets (set of 2) .................................SE-8604 p. 277

or: any magnet, 4-5 cm long, dia. <10 mm

Dip Needle.........................................................SF-8619

Transparent Compass (20 pack) .................................................................SE-8681

Liquid Filled Compasses (5 pack) ..........................EM-8631A

Replacement part for CASTLE Kits (EM-8624A and EM-8654).

This rotating compass has durable and almost frictionless bearings. Use it horizontally as a standard compass, or vertically to find the dip angle of the Earth’s magnetic field. Instruction sheet included.

Dip NeedleSF-8619

2-D Magnetic Field DemonstratorSF-8602A

(Magnet not included)

Consists of four plastic plates, each containing 98 small iron bars, a bar magnet and four cardboard disks. Place a magnet above or below this demonstrator. Magnetic field lines are clearly revealed as the iron bars align with the field. Lay the plates together to form a large plate, or stand them on edge to map out a 3-D field. Can be viewed directly or used with an overhead projector.

With this 3-D Magnetic Field Demonstrator, the iron filings are suspended in oil in a sealed acrylic container. Insert a magnet into the opening, or two magnets with opposing polarities, and watch the filings line up. View the demonstration directly or with an overhead projector.

3-D Magnetic Field DemonstratorSE-8603

Transparent CompassSE-8681

This Transparent Compass provides an economical way to conduct magnetism labs. Includes 20 compasses marked in red with North-South and East-West lines. Students can place several compasses around a bar magnet and draw the magnetic field lines. Each compass has a diameter of 19 mm.

Magnaprobe SE-7390

The Magnaprobe is a great way to demonstrate the 3-D nature of magnetic fields. The probe features a gimbal-mounted Alnico magnet which is free to move in the x, y and z dimensions. As the probe is brought near a magnetic field, the alnico magnet aligns itself with the field. Use it to investigate the magnetic field around various geometries of magnets or the magnetic fields around common electrical devices. Suggested activities are included with each probe. Magnaprobe is 12 cm long.

2-D Magnetic Field Demonstrator ...............................................SF-8602A

Magnaprobe ......................................................SE-7390

Liquid Filled Compasses(5 pack) EM-8631A

2.5 cm long needle has north end marked in black. This compass is perfect for investigating the magnetic fields around straight wires. 4.5 cm diameter liquid filled plastic case. Contains five compasses.

Electromagnetism – Magnetism Supplies

277

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These economical Bar Magnets (100 mm x 12 mm) are color coded to distinguish between the north and south poles. Align the similar poles together and watch the magnets repel. Align the opposite poles together and watch them attract.

Rotating Magnet Stands (2 pack) .............................................SE-8605

Alnico Bar Magnets (2 pack) ....................................................................EM-8620

Magnetizer ....................................................SE-8637

Bar Magnets (2 pack) ............................SE-8687

Bar Magnets (2 pack) ............................SE-8604

Tesla Meter ....................................................SF-7579

Rotating Magnet Stands SE-8605 (2 pack)

These clear acrylic stands have low-friction swivels and can be used with an overhead projector for demonstrations with magnets and charged rods. The agate bearings are smooth and durable. An azimuth scale is molded into each base. Shown with SE-8604 Bar Magnets (not included).

Neodymium MagnetsNeodymium magnets are some of the strongest commercial magnets available. Available either bare or with a protective coating to prevent the brittle metal from chipping. Plastic case included.

Re-magnetize bar and horseshoe magnets or magnetize iron bars for experiments. Insert a magnet into each cavity and press the button. Three keeper bars are included.

Magnet not included.

These magnets (150 x 13 mm) are stronger and last longer than iron magnets. They fit a St. Louis motor and the north poles are notched. Case included.

Alnico Bar Magnets EM-8620 (2 pack)

These cylindrical magnets (10 x 50 mm) are small, strong and color-coded for polarity. Plastic case and keeper plates included.

Bar Magnets SE-8604 (2 pack)

MagnetizerSE-8637

Specifications

Coil Current: 100 A peak (min.)Magnetization Field: At least 7 kG peakOperating Voltage: 115/220V AC, 50/60 Hz

Bar Magnets SE-8687 (2 pack)

Tesla MeterSF-7579

A 6-12 Volt DC power supply is required to use the Tesla Meter.

SpecificationsResolution: 0.1 mT (0 – 200 mT)

1 mT (200 mT – 2T)Accuracy: ±5% of measurement

Neodymium Magnets (8) (with hole) EM-9980A

A 0–2 Tesla Range

A Range Autoscaling

Includes:Tesla Meter with Digital DisplayProbe (80 mm x 8 mm x 2 mm)Power Adapter: 110V AC to 9V DC, 200 mA

Neodymium Magnets (2) (Plastic Coated) EM-8621

Neodymium Magnets (16) (without hole) EM-8648B

Hole fits a #2 screw

With Hole EM-9980A13 mm dia. x 10 mm

Plastic Coated EM-862119 mm dia. x 10 mm

Without Hole EM-8648B13 mm dia. x 5 mm

www.pasco.com

Electromagnetism – Magnetic Fields

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Order Information:

Order Information:

DC Power Supply ................................PI-9877

Instrument Amplifier.......................PI-2212

DC Power SupplyPI-9877

Instrument AmplifierPI-2212

Provides a current of 1 A at 18 V, with a resolution of 0.01V and typical ripple of 10mV. This DC power supply has added features to cycle the voltage on and off, to ramp the voltage up or down between the maximum and minimum set, and to change the voltage in steps. A positive offset can be introduced so the ramp can start at a voltage other than zero. Minimum period is 0.1 sec (10 Hz) and the maximum period is 999 seconds.The digital display has four digits (0.76 cm high) and can display voltage, current, or time. The time is displayed to set the period, duration, or duty cycle.There are both coarse and fine adjustment knobs. As a safety factor, a maximum current and a maximum voltage can be set to protect your students’ external circuits. The output is voltage regulated but not current regulated.The power supply is connected to AC power using a universal power adapter.

A 1 Amp at 18 VDCA Digital DisplayA Ramp or Step Positive Voltage Up or Down

A Drive a Speaker with a Low Power Signal

LED DisplayRed LEDs make the display easy to read.

Power Output Standard banana jacks allow the DC Power Supply to be easily connected to circuits.

Display Selection Current, voltage, cycle time. Green LED indicates which

measurement has been selected.

Amplitude Adjustment

Sets maximum current, voltage, cycle period.

CycleChoice of

steps, ramps, or cycle on

and off.

Small and light weight; 12cm x 13 cm x 5.5cm high and approximately 300g.

Ramp Up with Offset Programmable

Cycle On and Off

Cycle On and Off with Different Duty Cycles

Step Voltage Up Step Voltage Down from Max to Min

Indentations For stacking during storage.

Start/Stop

Available Functions:

Includes:DC Power Supply

Universal Power Adapter

Output JacksAccept 4 mm banana plugs (shielded or unshielded) to connect a device to the Instrument Amplifier.

Over-current IndicatorLighted LED indicates that the output voltage may be clipped or distorted.

Input Signal LeadsConnect to the signal to be amplified by the Instrument Amplifier.

The Instrument Amplifier is a current amplifier and is capable of using a low power input (such as the output of an MP3 player) to produce an output with up to 10 watts of power (±10 V at 1 A). This output can be used to drive a variety of devices such as the PASCO SF-9324 Mechanical Wave Driver.The input to the amplifier is a pair of stripped and tinned wires on a 72 inch (1.8 meter) cord. One lead is red and the other is black. These wires feed into a differential amplifier with an input impedance of 50,000 ohms (50 kΩ). The output is present on the red and black female banana jacks on the side of the amplifier opposite to the input cord.

SpecificationsInput Range: ±10 VInput Impedance: 50 kΩOutput Range: ±1 A @ ±10 VOutput Current Limit: ±1.5 AOver-current Indicator: 1 ALoad Regulation: 1%Output Noise: 20 mV p-p, typicalOutput Connectors: Shock proof 4 mm “banana” jacks, 0.75 inch spacing (19 mm).Black connector common with earth ground.

Heat sinkDissipates waste heat.

Included AC Adapter