VALUES BASED VALUES BASED MANAGEMENTMANAGEMENT

Venice Charter

• Conserve historic and aesthetic values

• Don’t reconstruct

• Do as little restoration or repair as possible

• No concern for natural values

• No concern for social values

BUT………

• Venice Charter important

• Helped preserve monuments here

Not this

NOT THIS

Planning Models based on Venice CHARTER

Assumed culture is in the past • Missed some values• Didn’t deal well with intangible values• Concentrated on physical conservation • Didn’t address some management issues

Jumped straight to issues without understanding values context

What is values based management?• The planning, development and management

of a heritage site which achieves the conservation of all the heritage values of the site for the long term

• Foundation of current World Heritage Management system

• Burra Charter origins

Values based management methodology

Accurately assess and recognise all the cultural values of the site

Exercise problem solving skills and initiative to solve issues

Develop policies and strategies which result in the conservation of the place’s cultural values

IDENFITY PLACE AND ASSOCIATIONSIDENFITY PLACE AND ASSOCIATIONSSecure the place and make it safeSecure the place and make it safe

GATHER AND RECORD INFORMATION ABOUT THE PLACE GATHER AND RECORD INFORMATION ABOUT THE PLACE SUFFICIENT TO UNDERSTAND SIGNIFICANCESUFFICIENT TO UNDERSTAND SIGNIFICANCEDocumentaryDocumentary Oral Physical Oral Physical

ASSESS SIGNIFICANCE ASSESS SIGNIFICANCE

PREPARE A STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCEPREPARE A STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE

IDENTIFY OBLIGATIONS ARISING FROM SIGNIFICANCEIDENTIFY OBLIGATIONS ARISING FROM SIGNIFICANCE

GATHER INFORMATION ABOUT OTHER FACTORS GATHER INFORMATION ABOUT OTHER FACTORS AFFECTING THE FUTURE OF THE PLACEAFFECTING THE FUTURE OF THE PLACEOwner/manager’s needs and resourcesOwner/manager’s needs and resources

External factors Physical conditionExternal factors Physical condition

DEVELOP POLICYDEVELOP POLICYIdentify optionsIdentify options

Consider options and test their impact on significanceConsider options and test their impact on significance

PREPARE A STATEMENT OF POLICY PREPARE A STATEMENT OF POLICY

MANAGE PLACE IN ACCORDANCE WITH POLICYMANAGE PLACE IN ACCORDANCE WITH POLICYDevelop strategiesDevelop strategies

Implement strategies through a management planImplement strategies through a management planRecord place prior to any changeRecord place prior to any change

MONITOR AND REVIEW MONITOR AND REVIEW

Heritage Management Process

Assessheritagevalues

Identifyissues

Manage

Developpolicy

Success or failure of values based heritage site

management

The degree to which the management regime facilitates the long term conservation and presentation of all the place’s heritage values in a dynamic and integrated way Is the management making sure all the values are conserved?

Identifying Values • Values based management • Tangible and intangible values• Conflicting values• Mutable values • Living values • Roles: experts, community and traditional owners

Issues for and responsibilities of the manager

World Heritage Citation

• Angkor represents a unique artistic realisation, a chef d’oeuvre of the human mind;

• It has exerted strong influence on the development of architecture, monumental arts and the organisation of space, during a given period, in a particular cultural region;

• It gives unique testimony of a past civilisation

• It offers a remarkable example of a type of construction or architectural group, illustrating an important historical period.

Values of Greater Angkor• Angkor is an internationally renowned icon and

landmark, which has natural and cultural significance of global importance

• Angkor is a living historic site where cultural and religious traditions continue, and villagers have special connections to the landscape

• Angkor is an important economic and social asset for Cambodia

Aesthetic Values

• The temples monuments carvings and water structures are great human masterworks of art architecture and design

• Authentic village landscapes

• The cultural landscape of greater Angkor - great human design engineering and aesthetic sensitivity.

• The natural setting

Historic Values

• History of great civilisation

• World’s biggest pre-industrial city

• Developments in architecture design sculpture etc

• History of complex religious development

• Living historic city

Scientific Values• Evidence of interaction between

people and nature ; cultural development

• Huge archaeological site with demonstrated potential

• Source of significant new information about human and environmental history

• Evidence of prehistoric occupation

• Technological innovation

Social Values

•Living historic site with cultural continuity from Angkorian times

•Vibrant traditional culture

•Rare attraction for tourists

•Source of revenue for Cambodia

•Important and inspiring symbol of Khmer culture

•SACRED LANDSCAPE

IssuesMajor issues for Angkor include:

–Lack of community awareness and a need for education

–Land use conflict

–Impact of tourism

–Poverty of the local people

–Need for co-ordinated government

–Conflict between conservation, tourism and modernisation

ISSUES

THREATS to VALUESor

OPPORTUNITIES TO PROTECT AND INTERPRET VALUES

BETTER

POLICIES\ STRATEGIESto PROTECT VALUES

Tourism and VisitorManagement

• Disruption to traditional patterns

• Income is positive – if received

• Damage to monuments

• Additional traffic

• Overdevelopment

• Balancing of tourist and visitor needs

Ecology

• Trees cut down for commercial purposes – de-forestation

• Depletion of forests causes canals to dry up

• Water quality and management

• General environmental deterioration

Physical Conditionand Conservation

• Conflict: conservation -v- tourism

• Encroachment on heritage areas

• Loss of intangible values

• Damage to temples and archaeology

安南古民族有义务传承其文化Part of the duty of Anangu is to keep their culture strong

一