VACHS BIOLOGY

TRANSCRIPTION/TRANSLATION

DO NOW REVIEW CHECK!

Ribosomes are like factories of the cell, because they create ___________.

The small sections of DNA are _________.

Amino acids combine to make up a larger molecule called ______________.

QUIZZES BACK!You can retake these quizzes today or tomorrow after school!

It is important to figure out what you didn’t understand and come ask questions!

A PUZZLE!

One mute person (cannot speak) knows English, and wants to explain what he saw on the news this morning to a blind person who knows Spanish. Their bilingual friend can speak and is not blind. How can this information be shared?

ERRORS IN DNA = MUTATIONS!!!!

NEW WORDS FOR THE GLOSSARYYYYYY!

FIRST, TRANSCRIPTION (copying DNA to make mRNA).

THEN, TRANSLATION (turning mRNA into protein).

WITH YOUR TEAMS…• TRY AND PUT THESE IN ORDER!! THEN I’lLL CHECK THEM!!

• REMEMBER, TRANSCRIPTION THEN TRANSLATION!!

FIVE STEPS? TRANSCRIPTION:

1. The information in DNA is copied to make a single strand of mRNA.

2. The mRNA leaves the nucleus.

TRANSLATION:

4. A ribosome attaches to the mRNA.

5. tRNA brings amino acids to the ribosome.

6. The assembled protein emerges from the ribosome.

OH MAN, ADD THESE TO THE GLOSSARY TOO!

mRNA: Messenger RNA

tRNA: Transfer RNA

TRANSCRIPTION: COPYING DNA INTO

THE BASE PAIRING RULES ARE AS FOLLOWS:

DNA: Adenine + mRNA: Uracil

DNA: Thymine + mRNA: Adenine

DNA: Guanine + mRNA: Cytosine

DNA: Cytosine + mRNA: Guanine

EXAMPLE 1

DNA: T C G A T C G A

mRNA:

DNA: Adenine + mRNA: UracilDNA: Thymine + mRNA: AdenineDNA: Guanine + mRNA: CytosineDNA: Cytosine + mRNA: Guanine

EXAMPLE 2

DNA: G A T C G A T C

mRNA:

DNA: Adenine + mRNA: UracilDNA: Thymine + mRNA: AdenineDNA: Guanine + mRNA: Cytosine

DNA: Cytosine + mRNA: Guanine

EXAMPLE 3:

DNA: A T C C A T C C

mRNA:

DNA: Adenine + mRNA: UracilDNA: Thymine + mRNA: AdenineDNA: Guanine + mRNA: Cytosine

DNA: Cytosine + mRNA: Guanine

VIDEO! The first phase of the process involves reading off the __________________ that will be needed to make the protein. The yellow molecule is made up of a close cousin of DNA called ______________. When the RNA copy is complete, it snakes away from the _______________ and moves into the outer part of the cell. A miniature factory “locks” around the mRNA, called the ____________________. The green molecules bring each ______________ ________________ to the ribosome. After a few seconds, the assembled _______________ starts to emerge from the ribosome.

GROUP ROLES:Working with your table groups, pick one person to play each role:

DNA POLYMERASE: someone with good handwriting who pays close attention to detail!

tRNA: someone who is quick and good at finding things!

RIBOSOME: someone who is good at cracking codes.

DNA CODE

ATG GCT AAT GGG

MUTANT DNA CODE

ATG ACT AAT GGG

SKETCH AND DESCRIBE! On a separate piece of paper or the back of your notes, sketch and describe the five steps by which the information in DNA is turned into the proteins that make up living things (transcription/translation).

TEXT SUPPORT

READ PAGES p. 366 – 371, and answer the following questions:

1A. How does a cell interpret the genetic code?

1B. What are codons ?

1C. What happens during translation?

Summarize transcription in one sentence, summarize translation in one sentence.

GENETIC RESEARCH!

Using an online or text source, research a genetic disease that is caused by a mutation in DNA. Include the name of the disease, the gene that is altered, the symptoms of the disease, and any available treatments.

CREATIVE PROJECT WORK TIME:

REMEMBER, PRESENTATIONS ARE NEXT TUESDAY (NOVEMBER 26TH)