Vaccination Vaccination

Learning Objectives:Learning Objectives:3.1.7 Vaccination and monoclonal antibodies

To understand the use of vaccines to protect against disease

To understand the role of memory cells and plasma cells in secondary response

The Speckled MonsterThe Speckled Monster

Edward JennerEdward Jenner• 1796 experimented on eight-year-old

James Phipps.

• Pus from cowpox pustule into arm

• folklore - milkmaids who suffered the mild disease of cowpox never contracted smallpox

• Submitted paper to the Royal Society in 1797 but was told that his ideas were too revolutionary and that he needed more proof.

• Jenner experimented on several other children, including his own 11-month-old son.

• In 1798 the results were finally published and Jenner coined the word vaccine from the Latin 'vacca' for cow.

Acquired Immunity

Artificially acquired

Naturally acquired

Acquired Immunity

Artificially acquired

Naturally acquired

Active

•Antigens enter body naturally

•Antibodies & specialised lymphocytes produced

Acquired Immunity

Artificially acquired

Naturally acquired

Active

Passive

•Antigens enter body naturally

•Antibodies & specialised lymphocytes produced

•Antibodies pass from mother to foetus

•Infant does not produce any antibodies of its own

Acquired Immunity

Artificially acquired

Naturally acquired

Active

Active

Passive

•Antigens enter body naturally

•Antibodies & specialised lymphocytes produced

•Antibodies pass from mother to foetus

•Infant does not produce any antibodies of its own

•Antigens are introduced in vaccines

•Antibodies & specialised lymphocytes produced

Acquired Immunity

Artificially acquired

Naturally acquired

Active

Active

Passive

Passive

•Antigens enter body naturally

•Antibodies & specialised lymphocytes produced

•Antibodies pass from mother to foetus

•Infant does not produce any antibodies of its own

•Antigens are introduced in vaccines

•Antibodies & specialised lymphocytes produced

•Antibodies are introduced in an immune serum

•Body does not produce any antibodies of its own

http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/olcweb/cgi/pluginpop.cgi?it=swf::525::530::/sites/dl/free/0072464631/291136/constructing_vaccines.swf::constructing_vaccines.swf

HHerd erd IImmunitymmunity• Members of a community who are

not immune to a disease are still protected, provided sufficient numbers of people in that community are immune

• Little opportunity to spread and find a non-immune person

• Only applies to diseases that are caught from other people

Outbreak Film SynopsisOutbreak Film Synopsis• Put the following steps into the correct sequence:

1. Pet store owner kisses girlfriend2. Motaba virus discovered in Africa3. Lab technician breaks vial of infected blood sample & is infected4. Two people die5. Monkey is shipped to U.S from Africa in illegal pet trade6. Pet store owner is scratched by monkey7. Lab technican coughs at the cinema – lots infected & die8. Infected blood of two dead people is tested 9. Create anti-serum with monkeys antibodies & mystery serum

just in time before the town is destroyed by the military in an attempt to contain the virus

10. Locate monkey and give mystery serum. Monkey recovers, people do not.

Smallpox – a bioweapon?Smallpox – a bioweapon?• Only two stockpiles of the virus remain

– America– Russia

• Guarded more closely than a nuclear weapon

• WHO announced that smallpox was eradicated from the world in 1980

• Immunisation programme stopped http://uk.youtube.com/watch?v=nP_FnJROFqs

ActivityActivity

Imagine if there waswas a smallpox outbreak…

Either:

1. Write a descriptive piece on what you would see/hear/etc

2. Write a newspaper article on the outbreak

3. Write a synopsis of a film charting the events of the outbreak