(Oxford: Clarendon, &-5o), printing fourteen late 12th and early 13th- century charters of St Andrews, referring to middling landowners who also had an interesting position in the cathedral church.

HENRY MAYR-HARTING

V. - THE LATER MIDDLE AGES. 1200-1500

British History. - (a) SOURCES. - Plea rolls, probably owing to their bulk have been amongst the most neglected of medieval sources. Select Cases in the Court of King’s Bench under Richard I I , Henry IV and Henry V (Selden SOC., 88), edited by G. 0. Sayles, is therefore to be welcomed not only for its editor’s introduction on the King’s bench, but especially for making some of the more important and typical cases from the rolls avail- able in print. Building Accounts of King Henry 111 (Oxford: Clarendon, E7) for works at Dover, Winchester and Westminster, edited by H. M. Colvin, exemplify another class of record, of which too little has been printed. Other important sources were: The household book of Queen Isabella of England. . 1311 to 1312 (Alberta U.P., E6) edited by F. D. Blackley and G. Hermansen; Dorothea Oschinsky’s new edition of Walter of Henley and other treatises on estate management and accounting (Oxford: Clarendon, E7) ; and the first volume of a new edition of Paston Letters and Papers of the Fifteenth Century (Oxford: Clarendon, L12) by Norman Davis. Local record publications included: Civil pleas of the Wiltshire Eyre I249, ed. M. T. Clanchy (Wilts Record SOC., 26); ‘Two hitherto unpublished membranes of Irish petitions presented at the Midsummer parliament of 1302 and the Lent parliament of 1305’ by G. Hand (Proc. R. Irish Acad., 71, Sec. C. no. I); The Dorset lay subsidy roll of 1332, ed. A. D. Mills (Dorset Record SOC., iv); The caption of seisin of the Duchy of Cornwall, 1337, ed. P. L. Hull (Devon and Cornw. Record SOC., n,s, 17); Records of some sessions of the peace in the city of Lincoln, 1351-54, and the borough of Stamford, 1351, ed. Elisabeth G. Kimball (Lincoln Record SOC., 65, E4); The register of Edmund Lacy, Bishop of Exeter, 1420-5fi; Registrum Commune, vol. 4, ed. G. R. Dunstan (Cant. and York Soc., and Devon and Cornw. Record SOC., n.e. 16, L 3 - 1 5 ) ; The cartulary of Holy Trinity, Ald- gate ed. G. A. J. Hodgett (London Record SOC., vii, E3-75); and Bridg- water Borough Archives, vol. 5 (1468-85), ed. R. W. Dunning and T. D. Tremlett (Somerset Record SOC., 70, E3-50).

P. W. A. Asplin compiled Medieval Ireland, c. 1170-1495: a bibliog- raphy of secondary works, (Dublin: R. Irish Acad., A1.50) and the List and Index Society published Excheqzier, k’. R., Iay szlbsidy rolls ( E 179)~ part 3 (London-Somerset), and the List of Eschentors for Engrand and Wales. ( 6 ) SECONDARY WORKS. - The study of medieval records: Essays in honour of Kathleen Major ed. D. A. Bullough and R. L. Storey (Oxford: Clarendon, &+*SO) comprises thirteen essays, the majority of which are

27

important contributions to the study of this period; but perhaps the most important book of the year was B. P. Wolffe, The royal demesne in English history; the crown estate in the governance of the realm from the Conquest to r~og (Allen & Unwin, &), three-quarters of which is an original con- tribution to the study of the fifteenth century. Deserted medieval villages, ed. M. Beresford and J. G. Hurst (Lutterworth, E8) is a continuation and enlargement of Beresford’s Lost villages of England (1954), a progress report on the work provoked by the earlier book. J. E. Sayers, Pupal Judges delegate in the province of Canterbury 1198-1254; a study in ecclesi- astical jurisdiction and administration (O.U.P., E5.50) is a careful study in a more limited field, whilst Anne Pallister, Magna Curta: the heritage of liberty (Oxford: Clarendon, &z) examines the ‘myth’ of Magna Carta, and traces its history down to 1970.

Other works on the thirteenth century included: J. S. Critchley, ‘Summonses to military service early in the reign of Henry 111’ (E.H.R., lxxxvi); R. F. Treharne, Essays on thirteenth-century England (Hist. ASSOC., 70p), being the three presidential addresses which he gave to the Associa- tion in 1958-61 ; the second revised and enlarged edition of G. P. Cuttino, English diplomatic administration I25p-I339 (Oxford: Clarendon, E4) ; and D. C. Lindberg ‘Lines of influence in 13th-century optics: Bacon, Witelo and Pecham’. (Speculum, xlvi).

The reign of Edward I1 has recently received a great deal of attention. First was H. F. Hutchison’s biography of Edward 11: the pliant king (Eyre & Spottiswoode, Ez.g5), and his short article, ‘Edward I1 and his minions’ (History Today, xxi); then a number of more technical articles: J. R. Maddicott, ‘Thomas of Lancaster and Sir Robert Holland: a study in noble patronage’ (E.H.R., Ixxxvi), a formidable addition to his Thomas of Lancaster, 1307-22 (1970); M. Prestwich, ‘Isabella de Vescy and the custody of Bamburgh castle’ (Bzill. Inst. Hist. Res., xliv); Elizabeth A. R Brown, ‘Gascon subsidies and the finances of the English dominions 1315-24’ (Studies in Med. and Renaissance Hist., viii), an article of 127 pages; Natalie M. Fryde, ‘John Stratford, Bishop of Winchester and the Crown, 1323-30’ (Bull. Inst. Hist. Res., xliv); I. M. Davis, ‘The Weardale Campaign, 1327’ (Hist. Todny, xsi); and J. A. Tuck, ‘Northumbrian society in the fourteenth century’ (Northern Hist., vi). From Edward I1 to Richard 11, and another festschrift, The reign of Richard 11: essays in honour of May McKisack, ed. F. R. H. du Boulay and C. M. Barron (Athlone P., As), made up of a tribute by J. N. L. Myres and fourteen articles by former colleagues and pupils, all on the reign’of Richard 11. One of the contribu- tors, J. J. N. Palmer also published two other articles: ‘The parliament of 1385 and the constitutional crisis of 1386’ (Speculum, xlvi), and ‘The background to Richard 11’s marriage to Isabel of France (1396)’ (Bull. Inst. Hist. Res., xliv). A. Goodman, The Loyal conspiracy: the lords appel- lant under Richard I I (Routledge, E2-50) sketches the careers of the five lords. Four further studies in the same reign were: D. Clementi, ‘Richard 11’s ninth question to the judges’ (E.H.R., Ixxxvi); R. G. Davies, ‘Some notes from the register of Henry de Wakefield, bishop of Worcester, OR the political crisis of 1386-88’ (E.H.R., lxxxvi); P. A. Xnapp, ‘John Wyclif as Bible translator; the tests for the English sermons’ (Specrrhim, xlvi); and

28

G. Leff, ‘Wyclif and the Augustinian tradition with special reference to his De Trinitate’ (Medievalia et Humanistica, n.s. I, 1970).

The hundred years war, ed. K. Fowler (Macmillan, L3-50) comprises eight valuable essays by different hands on various aspects of the war, and leads into the fifteenth century, on which the following studies should be noted: P. McNiven, ‘The betrayal of Archbishop Scrope’ (Bull. John Rylands Libr., liv), a most convincing reconstruction; J. W. McKenna, ‘Popular canonization as political propaganda: the cult of Archbishop Scrope’ (Speculum, xlv); J. S . Roskell and F. Taylor’s masterly discussion of ‘The authorship and purpose of the Gesta Henrici Quint? (Bull John Rylands Libr, liii. liv); P. E. Gill, ‘Politics and propaganda in 15th century England : the polemical writings of Sir John Fortescue’ (Speculum, xlvi); V. J. Scattergood, Politics and poetry in the fifteenth century (Blandford, L4, pbk., E I ~ ~ o ) , a study of the popular attitude to political happenings as reflected in contemporary verse; and J. A. F. Thomson, ‘“The arrival of Edward IV” - the development of the text’ (Speculum, xlvi).

Works on different aspects of history in a wider period were: D. M. Owen, Church and Society in medieval Lincolnshire (Hist. of Lincs, vol. 5 , Lincs. Local Hist. SOC., &.so); P. F. Brandon, ‘Demesne arable farming in coastal Sussex during the later middle ages’ (Agric. Hist. Rev., lux); two works by John H. Harvey, The medieval architect (Wayland, E6) and The master-builders: architecture in the middle ages (Thames & Hudson, 41 *g5), and A. W. B. Simpson, ‘The source and function of the later Year Books’ (Law Quart. Rev., 87).

On Wales were: R. A. Griffiths, The princ$ality of Wales in the later middle ages: the structure and personnel of government, vol. I . South Wales 1277-1536 (Board of Celtic Studies, Hist. and Law ser., no. 26, E6.10); T. B. Pugh, ed. Glamorgun County History, vol. 3. The Middle Ages: the Marcher Lordships of Glamorgan, part of the history under the general editorship of Glanmor Williams and M. F. Willis (Wales U.P., LIZ), and two important articles in the Welsh History Review, vol. 5 : M. Richter, ‘David ap Llywelyn, the first prince of Wales’ and A. D. Carr, ‘An aristo- cracy in decline: The native Welsh lords after the Edwardian conquest’. On Scotland: W. W. Scott, ‘Fordun’s description of the inauguration of Alexander 11’ (Scot. Hist. Rev., 50); D. E. R. Watt, ‘The minority of Alexander I11 in Scotland’ (Trans. R. Hist. SOC., 5th ser., xxi); A. Hanham, ‘A medieval Scots merchant’s handbook’ (Scot. Hist. Rev., 50); I. B. Cowan, ‘Two early Scottish taxation rolls’ (Innes Rev., xxii); A. Z. Free- man, ‘WalI-breakers and river-bridgers : military engineers in the Scottish wars of Edward I’ (J. Brit. Studs., x); and R. M. T. Hill, ‘An English archbishop and the Scottish war of independence’ (Innes Rev., xxii).

Foreign History. - (a) SOURCES. - This was not a bad year for sources. A further volume was added to the Oxford Medieval Texts with the Scripts Leonis, Rufn i , et Angeli, Sociorum S. Frnncisci: The Writings of Leo, Rujino, and Angelo, Companions of St. Francis, ed. R. B. Brooke (Oxford: Clarendon, E5), and volume 8 of the Oeuvres complktes of Gerson, ed. Mgr. Glorieux, was devoted to L’oezrvre spirituelle et pastorale (Paris: DesclCe). Also from France, we had the third and final volume of the Proc2s de condamnation de Jeanne d’Arc, ed. with a French translation

29

and notes by P. Tisset for the Sociite de l’histoire de France (Paris: Klincksieck, Es.z5), and some useful material in Documents de l’histoire de la Bretagne, ed. J . Delumeau, and Documents de I’histoire de la Provence, ed. fi. Baratier, on both of which see below under France. Further financial records can be reached with the aid of Les pliages des foires de Chalon-sur-Sah, ed. S. Andolf (Gothenburg: Roman. Gothoburgensia, no. 11), and M. Nortier, Contribution d I’litude de la population de la Normandie au bas moyen age; invmtaire des rdles de fouage et d’aide (Nogent-sur-Marne: Societ6 parisienne d‘histoire et d’archkologie normandes ; repertoire periodique de documentation normande, nos. 9-10), of which voIume I deals with the Rdles de fmage paroissiaux de 1368 d 1419, and volume 2 the Rdes de l’aide de I ~ Z I . For the Low Countries, we had the first volume of two important works: Les plus anciens comptes de la ville de Mom, 1279-1356, ed. C. PiCrard (Brussels: Commission royale d’histoire, LIZ), and Medieval Manuscripts from the Low Countries in Facsimile; The Vienna Manuscript of fhe “Second Part” of the “Spiegel Historiael” (Copenhagen: Rosenkilde & Bagger); and also Handelingen van de Leden en van de Staten van Vlaanderen 1476-7, ed. W. P. Blackmans (Brussels: Acad R.). Amongst a number of German publications Urkundenwesen, Kanzlei, Rat und Regierungssystem der HerzogeJohann II, Ernst und Wilhelm III von Bayern-Miinchen, 1392-1438, ed. K. Andrian-Werburg (Munchener Hist. Studein, D M 40)) and Die Register der Kanzlei Ludwigs des Bayern, T.I Barstellung und Edition des alteren Reichregisters, ed. H . Bansa (Munich: Beck, DM 35) may be men- tioned. The Audientia litterarum contradictarum: Untersuchungen iiber die pupstlichen Justizbriefe und die papstliche Delegationsgerichtsbarkeit vom 13. bis zum Beginn des 16. Jahrhunderts ed. Peter Herde (Bibliothek des Deutschen Hist. Inst. in Rom, xxxi-ii, Tiibingen: Niemeyer, 2 vols., 1970, 4-34-60) is a vital 1400-page contribution to the study of the papa1 administration, and also noteworthy was The liber augustalis or Constitutions of Melji promulgated by the Emperor Frederick 11 for the kingdom of Sicily in 1231, ed. J. M. Powell (Syracuse U.P., $8). Volume 2 of the Dispatches with related documents of Milanese Ambassadors in France and Burgundy, 1450-1483, trans. P. M. Kendall and V. Ilardi (Ohio U.P., 49) covers the years 1460-61. For Spain, we had the Crdnica de 10s reyes de Navawa of Charles Prince of Viana, ed. J. Yanguas y Miranda, first published in Pamplona in 1843 and reprinted as no. 27 of the Textos Medievales (Universidad de Valencia), Catalogo documental del archivo catedral de Burgos, 804-1416, ed. D. Mansilla (Madrid, Barcelona: Consejo superior de investigaciones cientificas) and The rule of the Spanish military order of St. James, 1x70-1493. Latin and Spanish texts, ed. and transl. with an account of the order by E. Gallego Blanco (Leiden: Brill, Gld. 28). For the Eastern Mediterranean were volume 2 of the Dliliberations des assembllies Vknitiennes concernant la Romanie for the years 1364-1463, ed. F. Thiriet (Paris, the Hague: Mouton, &ole pratique des hautes ktudes - VIe section: Documents et recherches sur 1’Cconomie des pays byzantins etc. no. xi), and volume 3 of the Travels of Ibn Battuta, A.D. Ij25-I354, ed. C . DefrCmery & B. R. Sanguinetti, trans. from the Arabic text with revisions and notes by H. A. R. Gibb for the Hakluyt Society, 2nd. ser.,

30

no. 141 (C.U.P., E4). Also to be noted are two very useful collections of documents, with commentaries: volume 3 of L’Europe au moyen age, ed. Ch.-M. de La Roncikre, P. Contamine and R. Delort Paris: Colin, Collection U, E3.75)) which covers the later Middle Ages, and Finance et jiscaliti au bas m o y a age, ed. J . Favier (Paris: S.E.D.E.S., Regards sur I’histoire, EI -85), which draws from a wide range of documentary material, mainly in England and France.

(b) SECONDARY WORKS. - General. -The plethora of textbooks continued unabated. Three new volumes were added to the ‘Library of European Civilisation’ series: C. N. L. Brooke, The Structure of Medieval Society; R. H. Bautier, The Economic Development of Medieval Europe; J . Harvey, The Master Builders. Architecture in the Middle Ages (Thames & Hudson, 41-95, Ez-25, 41-95, pbk., LI, LI-25 & EI respectively). V. H. H. Green contributed Medieval Civilization in Western Europe (Arnold, &.SO), and C. Gauvard and J. Mathiex, L e M o y a Age, 1476-1492 (Paris: Hachette, Fr 17’50). This year also saw the publication of J. R. Hale, Renaissance Europe, 1480-1520 (Fontana paperback, sop), and H. Wieruszowski, Politics and Culture in Medieval Spain and Italy (Rome: Storia e Lettera- tura, Eg.50). Several important works were published on the medieval state. Particularly noteworthy were B. GuenCe, L’Occident aux X I V e et X V e s2cZes: les B a t s (Paris: P.U.F., Nouvelle Clio, Fr 34)) which goes well back into the thirteenth century, and a thoughtful and thought- provoking study by J. R. Strayer, On the Medieval Origins of the Modern State (Princeton U.P., ,C;z*40), which is, however, chiefly concerned with France. GuenCe’s article, ‘Y a-t-il un Etat des XIVe et XVe sikcles?’ (Annales, m i ) , should also be noted, as should Strayer’s collected essays on Medieval Statecraft and the Perspectives of History (Princeton U.P., 46-75). R. FCdou addressed himself to the same subject with L%tat au moyen lige (Paris: P.U.F., E1.20). On the economic front, we had R. S. Lopez, The Commercial Revolution of the Middle Ages, 950-I350 (Prentice Hall, L3, pbk. .&I ~ 2 5 ) ) S. Thrupp, Medieval Industry, 1000-1500 (Fontana Economic History of Europe, 40p), and Studies in the Medieval Wine Trade by Margery James, ed. E. M . Veale (O.U.P., E4). For the changing social scene, special mention should be made of G. Duby’s stimulating lecture to the College de France, ‘Des sociCtCs mCdiCvales: une approche d’ensemble’ (Annales, xxvi, and published separately in Paris : Gallimard, Fr 5). The historian of medieval aristocracy and society will also welcome R. G. Witt, ‘The Landlord and the Economic Revival of the Middle Ages in Northern Europe, 1000-1250’ (Amer. H.R. Ixxvi), J . Heers, Fetes, jeux et ioutes duns les sociLtis d’occident d la f in du moyen cige (Paris: Conference Albert-le-Grand, 42)) and D. Herlihy, The History of Fezrdal- ism (Macmillan, As). For the historian of the Renaissance there were two important collections of essays: Renaissance Studies in Honor of Hans Baron, ed. A. Molho and J. A. Tedeschi (Northern Illinois U.P., Dekalb, LIZ), which, although mainly concerned with the Italian scene, contains contributions on France and Germany, and Florilegium Historiale. Essays Presented to Wallace K. Ferguson, ed. J. G. Rowe and W. H. Stockdale (Toronto U.P., $16.50), which contains thirteen essays on various aspects of the later middle ages and the renaissance which explore the political,

historiographical, biographical and aesthetic history of the period ranging from Dante to Henry VII. Cultural history also benefited from the publication of Classical Infruences on European Culture, AD ~ o o - ~ ~ o o , ed. R. R. Bolgar (C.U.P., Es), and J. W. Baldwin, Scholastic Culture of the Middle Ages (Heath, &I-50). From T. K. Rabb, we had ‘The Advent of printing and the problem of the Renaissance’, with a reply of E. L. Eisenstein (Past and Present, no. 52). Also from Past and Present (no. 53), we had A. B. Cobban, ‘Medieval Student Power’. G. Christianson wrote on ‘G. G. Coulton: The Medieval Historian as controversialist’ (Catholic Hist. Rev., Ivii), and J. A. Boyle on ‘Marco Polo and his Description of the World‘ (Hist. Today, xxi). J. Le Goff ventured into mythology - with Le Roy Ladurie hard on his heels - in ‘Mtlusine rnaternelle et defricheuse: Ie dossier mtdihal’ (Annales, xxvi), while from L. K. Little we had ‘Pride goes before avarice: Social change and vices in Latin Christendom’ (Amer. H.R. h i ) .

Intellectual and Ecclesiastical History. - A most important contri- bution to the history of later medieval thought was J. N. Hillgarth, Ramon Lull and Lullism in fourteenth-century France (Oxford : Clarendon, Warburg Studies, EIO), placing the man and his thought firmly in the politics of his own age, and going on to study his followers notably Thomas le MyCsier (d.1336), whose most important works are printed as an appendix. This year also saw the publication of the first volume of the Histoire de la pende europhene, with Ph. Wolff’s L’Lveil intellectuel de I’Europe (Paris : Seuil, Fr 7-50). Four articles on the intellectual sphere should be noted: W. J. Courtenay, ‘Covenant and Causality in Pierre d’Ailly’ (Speculum, xlvi), F. Bonney, ‘Autour de Jean Gerson. Opinions des thtologiens sur les superstitions et la sorcellerie au debut du XVe sibcle’ (Moyen Age, Ixxvii), J. Macek, ‘La Fortuna chez Machiavel’ (ibid.), and C. H. Clough, ‘Niccolb Machiavelli’s Political Assumptions and Objectives’ (Bull. of John Ryland’s Libr., Sii). On the Church we have F. Rapp, L’Eglise et la vie religeuSe en Occident d laJin du moyen dge (Paris: P.U.F., Nouvelle Clio, FY 32.85), C. N. L. Brooke, Medieval church and society; Collected essays (Sidgwick & Jackson, &*zg), B. D. Hill, Church and State in the Middle Ages (Wiley, E 3 . 5 0 ; pbk. E1-70), P. Linehan, The Spanish Church and the Papacy in the Thirteenth Century (C.U.P., E6.20), and I. de Rachewiltz, Papal Envoys to the Great Khans (Faber, E2-so). Among the article literature we may note: D. Seward, ‘Dissolution of the Templars’ (Hist. Today, A), J. GICnisson, ‘L’enquGte pontificale de 1373 sur les possessions des Hospitaliers de Saint- Jean de JCrusalem’ (Bibl. de l’,??cole des Chartes, cxxix), and E. Kennan, ‘Innocent If1 and the First Political Crusade’ (Traditio, xuvii).

France, Burgundy and the Low Countries. - The review article by R. Boutruche, ‘Histoire de France au moyen age, XIe-XVe sikles’ (Revue Hist. 499 & ~oo), provides a useful survey of recent work. Two collections of essays appeared, one of new and the other of reprinted articles: The Hundred Years War, ed. K. Fowler (Macmillan, Problems in Focus, L3’50), and The Recovery of France in the Fifteenth Century, ed. P. S . Lewis (Macmillan, As), and a new biography of Louis X I by P. M. Kendall (Allen & Unwin, As). Political history - or the history of the

32

State, as it is now fashionable to call it - not only benefited from the studies of GuenCe and Strayer, cited above. N. Mann wrote on ‘Humanisme et patriotisme en France au XVe sikcle’ (Cahiers internationaux d’itudes

frangaises, no. 23), and Y. Lacaze on ‘Le r81e des traditions dans la genbe d’un sentiment national au XVe sikcle: la Bourgogne de Philippe le Bon’ (Bibl. de l’$cole des Chartes, cxxix). More traditional in approach were R. Favreau, ‘La Praguerie en Poitou’ (zbid.), and R. A. Jackson, ‘Peers of France and Princes of the Blood’ (French Hist. Studs., vii). Two further articles may be noted here: C. R. Sherman, ‘Representations of Charles V of France as a Wise Ruler’ (Medievalia et Humanistica, n.s., ii), and J. J. N. Palmer, ‘The Background to Richard 11’s marriage to Isabel of France’ (Bull. Inst. Hist. Res., xliv). The financial historians had a field day, with J. B. Henneman, Royal Taxation in fourteenth-century France. The Development of war financing, 1322-1356 (Princeton U.P., $15); E. A. R. Brown, ‘Assemblies of French Towns in 1316: Some New Texts’ (Speculum, xlvi), and ‘Subsidy and Reform in 1321 : The Accounts of Najac and the Policies of Philip V’ (Traditio, xxvii). NI. Nortier demonstrated the use of financial records for demographic studies (see above, under Sources), and further work on population and society was published by N. J. G. Pounds, ‘Population and Settlement in the Low Countries and Northern France in the Later Middle Ages’ (Revue beZge dephil. et d’hist., xlix), and A. Fierro, ‘Un cycle dkmographique: Dauphine et Faucigny, du XIVe au XIXe sittcle’ (Annales, ssvi), much of which is concerned with the 14th century. On Burgundy in its golden age R. Berger wrote Nicolas Rolin, Kanrler der Zeitenwende im burgundisch- franrosischen Konjiikt 1422-1461 (Scrinium Friburgense, fast, 2: Fribourg, Univ.); in the Centres of Civilization series W. R. Tyler studied Dzjon and the Valois dukes of Burgundy (Oklahoma, $ 3 . 5 0 ) ; and other facets of Burgundian life were examined by Rosalind K. Berlow, ‘The development of business techniques used at the fairs of Champagne from the end of the 12th century to the middle of the 13th century’ (Studs. in Med. and Ren. Hist., viii), and J. C. Schmitt, ‘Apostolat rnendiant et societe: Une confrerie dominicaine a la veille de la rCforme’, an account of the confrkrie du Rosaire at Colmar from 1484 (Annales, xsvi).

Regional studies continued to flourish. J. NIeyer, ‘L’histoire des provinces franqaises et la &novation des etudes regionales’ (Revue Hist., 499), provides a useful survey, while a classic study of Marc Bloch, The Ile-de-France. The Country Around Paris, has been translated into English by J. E. Anderson (Routledge, E2-25) . Five more volumes have been added to the collection ‘Univers de la France’, published under the direction of Philippe Wolff: Histoire de l’ilquitaine, ed. C. Higounet; Histoire de l’lle-de-France et de Paris, ed. M. Mollat; HisLoi1.e de la Provence and Documents de I’histoire de la Provence, ed. E Baratier; Documents de l’histoire de la Bretagne, ed. J. Delumeau (Toulouse: Privat, L5.80 per vol. documents & LG.40 per vol. test). An important study of the ecclesiastical and lay nobility in Picardy appeared with W. M. Newman, Les seigneurs de Nesle en Picardie ( X I I e - X I I I e sikcle). Leurs chartes et leur histoire (2 vols., Paris: Bibliothkque de la sociCtC d’histoire du droit des pays flamands, Err) , while for Provence we had Fr. hlenkes, ‘Une

33 B

communauti juive en Provence au XIVe sikle: Ctude d’un groupe social’ (Moyen Age, hvii ) . Urban studies were less productive, but D. M. Nicholas, Town and Countryside: Social, Economic and Political Tensions in Fourteenth-Centwy Flanders (Bruges : Rijksuniversitet te Gent), and H. Neveux, ‘Cambrai et sa campagne de 1420 ?i 1450: pour une utilisation strielle des comptes ecclisiastiques’ (Annales, m i ) provide new material on the inter-relation between the urban and the rural worlds. For Paris we had P. Thibault, ‘Un notable parisien au XVe sikle. Martin de la Planche’ (Mgten Age, lxxvii). The importance of notarial archives for the history of the Midi was underlined by J. Rogozinski, ‘Notarial Archives in Southern France in the Fourteenth Century’ (French Hist. Studs., vii), and R.-L. de Lavigne, ‘La Peste Noire et la commune de Toulouse: le tbmoignage du Livre des Matricules des notaires’ (Annales du Midi, kxxiii), while further north, G. Giordanengo, ‘Consultations juridiques de la rigion dauphinoise, XIIIe-XIVe sikcles’ (Bibf. de l’L?coZe des Chartes, cxxix) explores the part played by Roman Law in the settlement of feudal disputes. The first chapter of P. G. Bietenholz, Bade and France in the Sixteenth Century (Geneva: Droz; Travaux d’humanisme et renaissance, Sw Fr 60; Toronto U.P., $ I Z - ~ O ) , deals with the Basle printers and book merchants at the end of the fifteenth and the beginning of the sixteenth centuries. Two other publications may be noted: Les Grandes hares de Jean de France, duc de Berry (Paris: BibIiotheque nationale), and K. B. McFarlane, Hans Meinling, ed. E. Wind (O.U.P., &6).

Italy. - Among the more notable works in English to appear this year were: J. Larner, Culture and Society in I tab, 1290-1420 (Batsford, E4-50); D. S. Chambers, Patrons and Artists in the Italian Renaissance (Macmillan, E3); D. Weinstein, Savonarola and Florence. Prophecy and Patriotism in the Renaissance (Princeton U.P., E6.50); A. Molho, Florentine Public Finances in the Early Renaissance, 1400-1433 (Harvard Historical Mono- graphs, no. Ixv; Harvard U.P., EIO-50). On the art-historical front we may note M. Baxandall, Giotto and the Orators. Humanist Observers of Painting in Italy and the Discovery of Pictorial Composition, I350-I450 (Oxford : Clarendon, E3 ‘75) ; G. Kauffmann, Florence: Art Treasures and Buildings, trans. from German by E. Kustner and J. A. Underwood (Phaidon, E2-25) ; R. Dubos, Giovanni Santi; peintre et chroniqueur 2 Urbin au XVe siicle (Bordeaux). For Pisa, we had 0. Banti, Imopo d’Appiano. Economia, societci e politica del commune di Pisa a1 suo tramonto, 1392-1399 (Pisa: Pubbl. dell’ ist. di storia, E4-70). Two articles dealt with Genoa and Lucca: J. Heers, ‘La mode et les marchis des draps de laine: Genes et la montagne ?i la fin du moyen Pge’ (Annales, m i ) , and T. W. Blomquist, ‘The Castracani Family of Thirteenth-Century Lucca’ (Speculum, xlvi). From Peter Partner we had ‘Guelf and Ghibelline in Italy’ (Hist. Today, mi).

Spain and Portugal. - The survey of work by C.-E. Dufourcq and J. Gautier-Dalcht, ‘Histoire de 1’Espagne au moyen 3ge. Publications des annCes 1948-1969’ (Revue historique, 497 & 498) is very welcome. The most notable works to appear in English were P. Linehan, The Spanish Church and the Papacy in the Thirteenth Century (see above under

34

Ecclesiastical History); a translation of A. H. de Oliveira Marques, Daily L;fe in Portugal in the Late Middle Ages (Wisconsin U.P., .&7.25); and A. D. Deyermond’s volume, The Middle Ages, in The Literary History of Spain (Bern, .&2-25; pbk. A1-25). There was a rich crop of artides on the Iberian scene. For Castile, we had J. F. Powers, ‘Townsmen and soldiers: The interaction of urban and military organisation in the Militias of medieval Castile’ (Speculum, xlvi), and J. F. O’Callaghan, ‘The Cortes and Royal Taxation during the reign of Alfonso X of Castile’ (Traditio, xxvii). Two contributions dealt with Valencia and the Islamic world: R. I. Burns, ‘Baths and caravanserais in crusader Valencia’ (Speculum, xlvi) and ‘Christian-Islamic confrontation in the west: The thirteenth- century dream of conversion’ (Amer. H.R., Luxvi). P. A. Linehan also wrote ‘Una “Apologia” de mediados del siglo xii’ (Hispania Sacra, xxiv), and J. Gofii Gaztambide, ‘Dispensas del voto Jacobeo en el siglo xiv’ (ibid.), bbt more especially to be noted was the Anuario de Estudios Medievales, vol. 7 (Barcelona: Inst. de hist. medieval de Espaiia, 1970-71, $38) containing some 35 articles almost all dealing with aspects of Spanish history of the 14th century. Such a large collection is bound to be uneven, but although some of the articles are trivial, the whole makes a massive contribution to the study of Spanish history. On social and economic factors we had P. Wolff, ‘The 1391 pogrom in Spain. Social crisis or not?’ (Past and Present, so), and R. C. Hofbann and H. B. Johnson, ‘Un village portugais en mutation. P6voa d’El Rey ?i la fin du quatorzikme sikcle’ (Annales, xxvi), which throws light on the Portuguese internal economy in the decade before overseas expansion. A. I. Bagby wrote on ‘The Jew in the Cantigas of Alfonso X, El Sabio’ (Speculum, xlvi), and R. D. Barnett edited a collection of 17 Essays on the history and culture contribution of the Jews in Spain and Portugal. Vol. I . The Jews in Spain and Portugal before and after the expulsion of I492 (Vallentine, Mitchell, E4.75). This year also saw the publication of volume 4 of L. Suarez Fernandez, Politica internacional de Isabel la Catdlica: estudio y documentos (Universidad de Valladolid), which covers the years 1494-96.

Germany. - W. Maleczek, ‘Osterreich, Frankreich, Burgundi: Zur Weltpolitik Herzog Friedrichs IV in der Zeit von 1430 bis 1439’ (Mitt . Inst. Ost. Gesch., h i x ) illustrates the importance of Burgundy in the mid-fifteenth century, and J. Deer discusses ‘Aachen und die Herrscheritze des Arpaden’ (ibid.). A wider field is covered by H. Fichtenau’s 23rd Erganzungsband to the same periodical, Das Urkundenwesen in Osterreich vom 8 bis zum friihen 13 Jahrhundert (Vienna: BBhlau, DM 44). Other noteworthy books were: B. I. Zaddach, Die Folgen des Schwarzen Todes 1347-51) fiir den Klerus Mitteleuropas (Forschungen zur Sozial- und Wirtschaftgeschichte, 17 ; Stuttgart : Fischer, DPI 38) ; F. Graus, Struktur und Geschichte: Drei Volksaufstande in mittelalterlichen Prag (Vortrage und Forschungen, Sonderband 7; Sigmaringen: Thorbecke, D M IS); Kurt Schall, Die Genannten in Niirnberg (Niirnberger Werkstiicke zur Stadt- und Landesgeschichte, vi; Nurnberg: Stadtarchiv, DM g), and K. J. Kupper, Studien zur Verbstellung in den Kolner Jahrbucher des 14/15 Jahrhunderts (Rheinisches Archiv, 76; Rohrscheid, DfiI 18).

Byzantium and the Eastern Mediterranean. - For Byzantium we

35

now have an English edition of H. W. Haussig, A history of Byzantine Civilisation, trans. J. M. Hussey (Thames & Hudson, E6-30), and from Speros Vryonis, Byzantium: Its internal history and relations with the Muslim world (Variorum reprints, Collected studies, 7, As), and The decline of medieval Hellenism in Asia Minor and the process of Islamization from the rrth through the 15th century (Berkeley: Centre for Medieval and Ren. Studs., pubs. 4, $15). D. Jacoby contributed an important study of La fiodaliti en Grdce midihale: les ‘Assises de Romanie’, sources, application et diffusion (Ecole pratique des hautes Ctudes, VIe section: Documents et recherches sur 1’Cconomie des pays byzantine, etc.; Paris, The Hague: Mouton, Fr 72). Further publications on the crusading world included: T. S. R. Boase, Kingdom and strongholds of the Crusaders (Thames & Hudson, E3*7j), and J. Riley-Smith, ‘The Assise sur la Ligece and the Commune of Acre’ (Traditio, ?rxvii) and ‘A note on confraternities in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem’ (Bull. Inst. Hist. Res., xliv). H. E. Mayer, Marseilles, Levantehandel und ein akkonmisches Ealscheratelier des r3 Jhdts. (BibI. d.dt.hist. Inst. i. Rom; Tubingen, A7.50) should also be noted.

KENNETH FOWLER J. L. KIRBY

VI. - T H E SIXTEENTH CENTURY

British History. - (a) BIBLIOGRAPHY AND SOURCES. - A most important coHection of source materia1 is made available in A calendar of the Shrewsbury and Talbot papers in Lambeth Palace Library and the College of Arms, ii, Talbotpnpersin the College of Arms, ed. G. R. Batho (H.M.S.O. for H.M.C., Joint Publication series, vii, and Derbyshire Arch. SOC. Rec. series, iv, EIO). Although these papers were much used by Edmund Lodge in his Illustrations of British history, this is the first full calendar of the fifteen large volumes containing a wealth of information about the j th, 6th and 7th earls of Shrewsbury. Derbyshire Arch. SOC. Rec. series, iii (for 1967) also appeared this year: The Duchy of Lancaster’s estates in Derbyshire, 1485-r540, ed. I. S. W. Blanchard, (&.so) includes cases and minutes of proceedings in the Duchy council, extracts from commissioners’ reports and accounts of Duchy officials. W. R. Robinson, ‘The Welsh estates of Charles, earl of Worcester in 1520’ (Bull. Brd. Celtic Studs., xxiv) prints the receivers’ accounts for the year ending Michaelmas 1520 and provides an index of names. Barrett L. Beer, ‘A critique of the Protectorate: an unpublished letter of Sir William Paget to the duke of Somerset’ (Huntington Lib. Quarterly, xuxiv) gives the full text of a letter Paget was moved to write on Christmas day, 1548. Notes and documents are pro- vided by C . J. Kitching, ‘Alchemy in the reign of Edward VI: an episode in the careers of Richard Whalley and Richard Eden’ and H. A. Lloyd, ‘Sir John Hawkins’sinstructions, 1590’, both in Bull. Inst. Hist Res., xliv.

36