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Basic mechanisms of

UV curing systems

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Content

The composition of UV ink

Polymerisation

Different UV curing systems

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The composition of UV ink

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UV ink

PIGMENTS

PHOTOINITIATORESActivation of the system;

Reactivity 

MONOMERESViscosity; Reactivity

OLIGOMERESViscosity; Reactivity;Flexibility; Adhesion;

Resistances

ADDITIVESSlip; Stability;

Foam

The composition of UV ink

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Binders

~15 %

Additives 3 –5 %

Solvents~70 %

Pigments 10  – 12 %

Solvent basedink

Photoinitiatores6-10 %

Additives 2-4 %

Monomeres &Oligomeres

~75 %

Pigments 12  – 16 % 

UV ink

Additives 2-10 %

Resins & oils65-80 %

Pigments 18  – 22 % 

Offset ink

The composition of UV ink

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UV-C UV-B UV-A

100-280nm 280-315nm 315-380nm

Surface curingComplete curing

Complete curing

X-Ray UV IRVIS

10pm-1nm 1-380nm 380-700nm 700-10000nm

-Ray

<10pm

The composition of UV ink

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How does the polymerisationhappen?

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P-P

P-P

P-P

P-P

P-P

P-P

Pigment

Oligomer

Monomer

Photoinitiator

Radical curing

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P.P.

P.P.

P.P.

P.P.

P.P.

P.P.

Radical curing

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P P 

P P

P P

P P

P P 

P P

Radical curing

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P P 

P P

P P

P P

P P 

P P

Radical curing

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P P 

P P

P P

P P

P P 

P P

Radical curing

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P P 

P P

P P

P P

P P 

P P

Radical curing

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P P 

P P

P P

P P

P P 

P P

Radical curing

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P P 

P P

P PP P

P P 

P P

P P P P

P P  P P

A three-dimensional network is formed

Radical curing

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Pigment

P-H 

Photoinitiator

P-H 

P-H 

P-H 

P-H 

Monomer

Oligomer

Cationic curing

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H+

H+

H+

H+

H+PP

P

P

P

Cationic curing

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H+

H+ H

+

H+

H+

PP

P

P

P

Cationic Curing

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H+

H+ H

+

H+

H+

PP

P

P

P

Cationic Curing

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H+

H+

H+

H+

H+

PP

P

P

P

Cationic Curing

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How does the polymerisation happen?

P

P

P

P

PP

A three-dimensional network is formed

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Radical curing

Cationiccuring

H+

Different UV curing systems

e-

RAD

Electron raycuring

Polymericink layer

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On a substrate (0.09 m2) printed

with 4 g/m2 UV ink, there are about

41020

(400‘000‘000‘000‘000‘000‘000) 

Monomeres/Oligomeres

How does the polymerisation happen?

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Different UV curing systems

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RADICAL  CATIONIC

Reactivity high medium

After drying limited complete

Adhesion foils good good  – very good

Flexibility high very high

Resistances high high

Shrinkage up to 10% < 3%

Adhesion paper good good  – very good

Moisture sensitivity No Yes

Inhibition by O2 Yes No

Different UV curing systems

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Summary statement:

Optimal properties of UV inks are achieved by targeting the composition of

monomeres, oligomeres, photoinitiators and additives

The curing of UV ink is initiated by a chemical reaction (polymerisation)

Different UV systems show different properties